Taxobox color violet name Asfarvirus image Asfarviridae virion.jpg image width 189px image caption Asfarviridae virion. virus group i familia Asfarviridae genus Asfivirus subdivision ranks Species subdivision African swine fever virus br Asfarviridae is a Family biology family of virus es that primarily infects swine, resulting in an onset of African swine fever virus African swine fever . There is a single genus in this family Asfivirus. The name of this family and genus are derived from the acronym A frican s wine f ever a nd r elated viruses. Only a single species has been described to date for this genus. This group of viruses are the only known arthropod borne DNA viruses. The viruses in this family are all enveloped and have double stranded DNA genomes. The Asfarvirus exhibits some similarities in genome structure and replication strategies to the poxvirus es and Phycodnaviridae phycodnaviruses but has different virion structure from poxviruses and several other properties that distinguish it from the latter. ref Index of Viruses Asfarviridae 2006 . In ICTVdB The Universal Virus Database, version 4. B chen Osmond, C Ed , Columbia University, New York, USA. http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ICTVdb Ictv fs index.htm ref Virology The virons consist of an envelope, a capsid, a core and a nucleoprotein complex. They are spherical and measure 175 215 nanometer s nm in diameter. The capsid is icosahedral T 189 217 with a diameter of 172 191 nm and appear hexagonal in outline. The capsomers measure 13 nm in diameter and there are 1892 2172 of these per capsid. The genome is linear double ... MeshName Asfarviridae http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ICTVdb Ictv fs asfar ICTVdb http www.expasy.org viralzone all by species 12.html Viralzone Asfarviridae Baltimore classification Category Nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses Virus stub ar ca Asfarv rid de Asfarviridae es Asfarviridae it Asfarviridae ja ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Ascovirus image image caption virus group i subdivision ranks Families subdivision Asfarviridae br Iridoviridae br Marseilleviridae br Megaviridae br Mimiviridae br Phycodnaviridae br Poxviridae br The nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses or NCLDV refers to a number of families of large eukaryotic DNA virus es Asfarviridae Iridoviridae Marseilleviridae Megaviridae Mimiviridae Phycodnaviridae Poxviridae One unassigned genus Dinodnavirus also belongs to this clade. Reasons for NCLDV Grouping All have both common and unique features of genomic DNA and virion structure. It remains uncertain whether the similarities of different families of this grouping of NCLDV are due to independent recruitment of the same or related host genes during viral replication or if they simply share a common viral ancestor, although the latter is under heavy scrutiny and controversy ref Lakshminarayan M. Iyer, L. Aravind, and Eugene V. Koonin. Common Origin of Four Diverse Families of Large Eukaryotic DNA Viruses. Journal of Virology, December 2001, p. 11720 11734, Vol. 75, No. 23. http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez utils fref.fcgi?PrId 3051&itool AbstractPlus def&uid 11689653&db pubmed&url http jvi.asm.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 11689653 Link . ref There are 47 NCLDVs core genes currently recognised. These include the four key proteins involved in DNA replication and repair. These include the enzymes DNA polymerase family B, the topoisomerase II A, the Flap endonuclease and the processing factor Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen . Other proteins include the DNA dependant RNA polymerase II and transcription factor II B. It is probable that these viruses evolved before the separation of eukaryoyes into the extant crown groups. The ancestral genome was complex with at least 41 genes including 1 the replication machinery 2 up to four RNA polymerase subunits 3 at least three transcription factors 4 capping and polyadenylation enzymes 5 the DNA packaging apparatus 6 ... more details
Taxobox color violet name image image caption virus group i familia Mimiviridae genus subdivision ranks Species subdivision Cafeteria roenbergensis virus br Courdovirus br Mamavirus br Mimivirus br Moumouvirus br Terravirus 1 br Terravirus 2 br Mimiviridae is a family of double stranded DNA viruses. Viruses in this family belong to the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus clade NCLDV , a group which includes members of families Asfarviridae , Iridoviridae , Phycodnaviridae and Poxviridae and the genus Dinodnavirus . History The first member of this family the Mimivirus was discovered in 2003. ref name Suzan Monti2006 Suzan Monti M, La Scola B, Raoult D 2006 Genomic and evolutionary aspects of Mimivirus. Virus Res 117 1 145 155 ref Taxonomy Although only a few members of this family have been described in detail it seems likely there are many more awaiting description. ref name Ghedin2005 Ghedin E, Claverie JM 2005 Mimivirus relatives in the Sargasso sea. Virol J. 2 62 ref ref name Monier2008 Monier A, Claverie JM, Ogata H 2008 Taxonomic distribution of large DNA viruses in the sea. Genome Biol. 9 7 R106. ref These include Chrysochromulina ericina virus 01, Phaeocystis pouchetii virus 01 and Pyramimonas orientalis virus 01. While these later viruses have been isolated they have yet to be fully characterized. References reflist Category Nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses Virus stub de Mimiviridae es Mimiviridae ... more details
Taxobox color violet name image image caption virus group i ordo familia genus Dinodnavirus subdivision ranks Species subdivision Heterocapsa circularisquama DNA virus 01 br Dinodnavirus is a genus of viruses that infect dinoflagellates. ref name Tarutani2001 Tarutani K, Nagasaki K, Itakura S, Yamaguchi M 2001 Isolation of a virus infecting the novel shellfish killing dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama . Aquat Microb Ecol 23 103 111 ref This genus belongs to the clade of nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus es. The name is derived from dino dinoflagellate and DNA from its genome . The type species is Heterocapsa circularisquama DNA virus 01. Virology The virus has an isosahedral capsid 200 nanometers in diameter. The genome is a single molecule of double stranded DNA of a 356 kilobases. It infects the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama . During replication virions emerge from a specific cytoplasm compartment the viroplasm which is created by the virus. ref name Nagasaki2003 Nagasaki K, Tomaru Y, Tarutani K, Katanozaka N, Yamanaka S, Tanabe H, Yamaguchi M 2003 Growth characteristics and intraspecies host specificity of a large virus infecting the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama . Appl Environ Microbiol 69 2580 2586 ref Taxonomy The taxonomic position of this genus is unclear at present. The type species was originally thought to belong to the family Phycodnaviridae . DNA studies have shown that it seems more likely to be related to the family Asfarviridae . ref name Ogata2009 Ogata H, Toyoda K, Tomaru Y, Nakayama N, Shirai Y, Claverie JM, Nagasaki K 2009 Remarkable sequence similarity between the dinoflagellate infecting marine girus and the terrestrial pathogen African swine fever virus. Virol J 6 178 ref References reflist Category Nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses de Dinodnavirus ... more details
families in the order Herpesvirales and the following families Ascoviridae , Ampullaviridae , Asfarviridae ... Adenoviridae , Asfarviridae , Iridoviridae , Papillomaviridae , Polyomaviridae and Poxviridae ... Ascoviridae Family Asfarviridae includes African swine fever virus Family Bacilloviridae Family Baculoviridae ... and the large eukaryal DNA viruses the African swine fever virus Asfarviridae , Chlorella viruses ... Soc Trans 32 Pt 2 204 208 ref The nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus group Asfarviridae , Iridoviridae ... of the family Asfarviridae . ref name Ogata2009 Ogata H, Toyoda K, Tomaru Y, Nakayama N, Shirai Y, Claverie ... Asfarviridae , baculoviruses Baculoviridae , fish herpesvirus Herpesviridae , T even bacteriophages ... proteins. J Virol 74 15 7079 7084 ref Their relationship to the Asfarviridae and the Myoviridae ... more details
No footnotes date June 2010 Taxobox color violet name African swine fever virus image African swine fever virus virion TEM.jpg image caption Electron micrograph of a virus particle virus group i familia Asfarviridae genus Asfivirus species African swine fever virus African swine fever virus ASFV is the causative agent of African swine fever ASF . ASFV is a large, double stranded DNA virus which replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells, and is the only member of the Asfarviridae family. ref name sobrino10 cite book chapterurl http www.horizonpress.com avir author Dixon et al. year 2008 chapter African Swine Fever Virus title Animal Viruses Molecular Biology publisher Caister Academic Press id http www.horizonpress.com avir ISBN 978 1 904455 22 6 ref ASFV infects domestic pigs , warthogs and bushpigs , as well as soft ticks Ornithodoros , which are likely vectors. ASFV is the only virus with a DNA genome transmitted by arthropods. The virus causes a lethal haemorraghic disease in domestic pigs. Some isolates can cause death of animals within as little as a week after infection. In all other species, the virus causes no obvious disease. ASFV is endemic to sub Saharan Africa and exists in the wild through a cycle of infection between ticks and wild pigs, bushpigs and warthogs. ASFV was first described after European settlers brought pigs into areas endemic with ASFV and, as such, is an example of an emerging infection . History African swine fever was restricted to the continent that bears its name until 1957, when the disease was reported in Lisbon , Portugal . A further outbreak occurred there in 1960. Subsequent to these initial introductions, the disease became established in the Iberian peninsula and sporadic outbreaks occurred in France , Belgium and other European countries during the 1980s. Both Spain and Portugal had managed to eradicate the disease by the mid 1990s through a slaughter policy. With at least the tacit backing of U.S. Central Intelligence Ag ... more details
Taxobox color violet name image image caption virus group i familia Mimiviridae genus subdivision ranks Species subdivision Mamavirus br Mamavirus is one of the most complex viruses discovered. It is a virus belonging to the family mimiviridae , which includes mimivirus , mamavirus , and marseillevirus ref name Etten2010 cite journal last Van Etten first James L. title DNA Viruses The Really Big Ones Giruses pmc 2936810 publisher Annual Reviewof Microbiology coauthors Leslie C. Lane, David D. Dunigan pages 83 99 date 13 month 10 year 2010 pmid 20690825 doi 10.1146 annurev.micro.112408.134338 journal Annual Review of Microbiology volume 64 ref The mimiviridae also belong to the family of the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus es NCLDVs , which includes the Poxviridae , the Iridoviridae , the Asfarviridae , and the Phycodnaviridae ref name Claverie2009 cite web last Claverie first Jean Michel title Mimivirus and its Virophage url http www.annualreviews.org doi abs 10.1146 annurev genet 102108 134255 publisher Annual Review of Genetics coauthors Chantal Abergel pages 49 66 year 2009 ref Like mimivirus, mamavirus is very large, larger than many bacteria . Mamavirus is actually larger than mimivirus thus, the name mamavirus, even though mimivirus encodes more than one thousand proteins in its genome of 1.2Mb. Discovery Mamavirus was first reported in September 2008. Like mimivirus, mamavirus was isolated from an amoeba in a cooling tower. The mimiviridae were not discovered until recently because of their size when filtered the mimiviridae stay with the bacteria which led scientists to believe they were also bacteria. Mimivirus was first isolated in 1992 when scientists were looking for the cause of a pneumonia outbreak in Bradford UK. Due to its size it was named Bradford coccus and put in a freezer with scientists thinking it was a bacterium. ref name Claverie2009 A decade later, Claverie and Didier Raoult discovered Bradford coccus was no bacterium when they tried to d ... more details
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