An ashcancopy is a term that originated in the Golden Age of Comic Books , meant to describe a publication produced solely for legal purposes such as trademark , and not normally intended for Distribution business distribution . ref cite book last Rhoades first Shirrel title Comic books how the industry works publisher Peter Lang year 2008 page 329 isbn 9781433101076 url http books.google.com books?id O16BXbITZwEC ref Origins The word wikt ashcanashcan is an older synonym for wastebasket, trashcan, or other garbage receptacle, intended for ashes from a fire. The implication in comic publishing is that the printed material will go straight from the printer to the trash, which was often the case. Ashcan editions frequently contained unlettered stories, unfinished art or even just whatever wastepaper had been conveniently available at the time. Their purpose was simply to justify the publisher s claim to a title, thereby preventing a competitor from publishing a similar title. Ashcans were also produced to demonstrate the publications to potential advertisers. Examples One well known example is Flash Comics 1 by Fawcett Comics , which introduced Captain Thunder later Captain Marvel DC Comics Captain Marvel . Competitors had already published a Flash Comics title, and created a character named Captain Thunder , so the Flash Comics ashcan failed to claim those trademarks for the company, but it did establish a publication date for copyright purposes. Similar practices are seen in other industries a well known film example is the 1994 version of The Fantastic Four film The Fantastic Four , produced by Roger Corman , made only to maintain the license to the property. The movie had a 2 million budget and was not distributed. ref cite book last Rhoades first Shirrel title A complete history of American comic books publisher Peter Lang year 2008 page 264 isbn 9780820488929 url http books.google.com books?id Jn4qwJ7LdMUC ref Contemporary usage In modern comics, ashcan editions ... more details
Wiktionary ashcanAshcan may refer to Ashcan waste , a container Ashcan weapon , an anti submarine weapon Ashcancopy , a comic book publication produced solely for legal purposes Ashcan School , a realist artistic movement Ashcan brand , an apparel company catering primarily to the fixed gear bicycle scene disambig ... more details
from the Ashcan School in style. Origin with The Eight image John French Sloan Studio.jpg 300px thumb left Ashcan School artists & friends at John French Sloan s Philadelphia Studio, 1898 The Eight ..., Shinn, and Luks painted the gritty urban scenes that characterized the Ashcan School. As noted, the Ashcan ... were nearly free of the usual details, with not a single incidental ashcan in sight. ref Wells, Walter, Silent Theater The Art of Edward Hopper , London New York Phaidon, 2007 ref The artists of the Ashcan ... of urban life that prompted American critics to consider them on the fringe of modern art . Ashcan ... Ashcan School artists, c. 1896, l to r, Everett Shinn , Robert Henri , John French Sloan image ... Son at Harvesting , 1879. Five members of the Ashcan School studied with him, but went on to create ... Members of This Club 1909 , National Gallery of Art . Bellows was a close associate of the Ashcan ... da Ashcan School de Ashcan School es Escuela Ashcan fa fr Ash Can School he nl Ashcan School sr sv Ashcan School tr Ashcan ekol ... more details
Wiktionary copyCopy may refer to to copy a word from a book to a paper or laptop or computer Copying or the product of copying including the plural copies the duplication of information or an artifact Cut, copy, and paste , a method of reproducing text or other data in computing Photocopying , a process which makes paper copies of documents and other visual images Fax , a telecommunications technology used to transfer copies of documents, especially over the telephone network Facsimile , a copy or reproduction that is as true to the original source as possible Replica , a copy closely resembling the original concerning its shape and appearance Term of art in US copyright law meaning a material object in which a work of authorship has been embodied, such as a book Procedure word Roger.2C Received.2C Romeo.2C CopyCopy procedure word , a response indicating satisfactory receipt of last radio transmission Copy command , a shell command Copy written , written content in publications, in contrast to photographs or other elements of layout Copy album , the debut album of the electronica artist Mitsuki Aira Copy musician , the Portland based electronic music artist disambiguation Interlanguage links de Kopie fr Copie he mk ja ru ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Copy refers to written material, in contrast to photographs or other elements of layout, in a large number of contexts, including magazines, advertising, and book publishing. In advertising , web marketing and similar fields, copy refers to the output of Copywriting copywriters , who are employed to write material which encourages consumer s to buy goods or services. In publishing more generally, the term copy refers to the text in books , magazines, and newspapers. In books, it means the text as written by the author, which the copy editing copy editor then prepares for typesetting and printing . In newspapers and magazines, body copy , the main article or text that writer s are responsible for, is contrasted with display copy, accompanying material such as headline s and caption s, which are usually written by copy editors or sub editors. See also Hard copy Copywriting Copy editing Publishing Book Publishing Process References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Copy Written Category Publishing terms Category Editing Lit stub cs Kopie de Typoskript et Koopia eo Kopio kk nl Kopij simple Copy sk K pia fi Kopio uk zh ... more details
Infobox film name Good Copy Bad Copy image GDBC.png caption A documentary about the current state of copyright ... by followed by mpaa rating tv rating website Good Copy Bad Copy , A documentary about the current ... to their authoring copyright presents. The interviews featured in Good Copy Bad Copy acknowledge a recent ... and copyright . Good Copy Bad Copy documents the conflict between current copyright law and recent ... is treated merely as an advertisement for parties and concerts that generate revenue. Good Copy Bad Copy also includes interview segments with copyright activist and academic Lawrence Lessig . ref http www.goodcopybadcopy.net about Good Copy Bad Copy About ref ref http www.goodcopybadcopy.net credits Good Copy Bad Copy Credits ref Credits Girl Talk musician Girl Talk , Producer Dr Lawrence Ferrara ... hope that releasing Good Copy Bad Copy for free will raise awareness and lead to other local broadcasting ... video sharing site. ref http goodcopybadcopy.blip.tv Good Copy Bad Copy on blip.tv ref On the 8th of May, 2008, Good Copy Bad Copy was shown on SVT2 , Swedish Television. ref http henrikmoltke.dk 2008 05 good copy bad copy on swedish tv svt2.html Good Copy Bad Copy on Swedish TV ref On the 8th of September, 2009, Good Copy Bad Copy was shown on YLE FST5 , Finnish Television. On the 5th of January 2010, Good Copy Bad Copy was shown on Special Broadcasting Service SBS , Australian Television ... Good Copy Bad Copy unofficial trailer ref ref http www.youtube.com view play list?p 0F5C38FFAD3D9FEF Free culture, patents playlist from YouTube user Aristosek includes the full film of Good Copy Bad Copy with Polish subtitles ref and the full film is on Google Video and blip.tv. ref google video 4323661317653995812 Good Copy Bad Copy ref See also Mashup music Remix culture RiP A Remix Manifesto ... documentary films Category English language films es Good Copy Bad Copy ja GOOD COPY BAD COPY pt Good Copy Bad Copy ... more details
nofootnotes date December 2008 Image US 69, 9 mi to Pryor.jpg thumb A distance sign in Oklahoma using button copy Button copy is a term describing the method of manufacture of older road sign s in the United States . Button copy signs contain rows of embedded reflectors outlining the legend of the sign, for better visibility at night. The embedded reflectors would stand out against the non reflective background of the sign, giving the legend better contrast and making it easier to read. triple image left Button copy M alternate .jpg 62 Button copy arrow.jpg 63 Button copy I 10.jpg 86 Button copy on a letter, arrow, and route marker from Image I10 800.jpeg a sign in Los Angeles Near the end of the 20th century, newer Scotchlite retroreflective designs were invented, and provided both a lower cost due to the ability to be laid out with a computer and better reflectivity. Because of this, more and more states stopped installing new button copy signs, switching instead to the retroreflective sheeting signs. gallery Image Buttoncopy5.jpg button copy overhead sign on Interstate 270 Ohio I 270 in Ohio, including button copy shield outline and numerals Image Buttoncopy3.jpg button copy overheads at I 71 I 76 interchange in Ohio, showing reflection of button reflectors in camera flash Image Buttoncopy4.jpg button copy sign on US 30 in Ohio, showing reflection of buttons in letters, shield numerals and outline, and arrow gallery References commonscat Button Copy Moeur, Richard. http trafficsign.us signtypeface.html Sign Typefaces. Manual of Traffic Signs . 22 April 2005. URL accessed 28 May 2006. Moeur, Richard. http groups.google.com group misc.transport.road msg 3d4e957b8741f740 Farewell to Button Copy . Post to Usenet misc.transport.road 17 Dec 2000. See also Demountable copy another sign manufacturing technology Category Traffic signs US road stub de Button Copy ... more details
more footnotes date August 2011 Journalism Copy editing also written as copy editing or copyediting , and sometimes ... format ting, style, and accuracy of text. Unlike general editing, copy editing might not involve changing the substance of the text. copy written Copy refers to written or typewritten text for typesetting , printing , or publication . Copy editing is done before both typesetting and proofreading ... does this work is called a copy editor , and an organization s highest ranking copy editor, or the supervising editor of a group of copy editors, may be known as the copy chief , copy desk chief , or news ... nomenclature , the term copy editor is used, but in newspaper and magazine publishing, the term ... is frequently called the chief sub editor . As the sub prefix suggests, British copy editors typically have less authority than regular editors. The term copy editor may also be spelled as one word or in hyphenated form copyeditor and copy editor . The hyphenated form is especially common in the UK ... the copy editor s job Make the copy clear, correct, concise, complete, and consistent. Copy editors should make it say what it means, and mean what it says . Typically, copy editing involves ... Manual of Style or the Associated Press Stylebook . Copy editors may abridgment shorten ..., where copy must be cut to fit a particular layout, and the text changed to ensure there are no short lines . Often, copy editors are also responsible for adding any display copy , such as headline ... is a distinct task from copy editing, frequently it is one of the tasks performed by copy editors. Copy editors are expected to ensure that the text flows, that it is sensible, fair, and accurate ... questionable, the copy editor may ask the writer to clarify it. Sometimes, the copy editor is the only ..., newspaper copy editors are considered the publication s last line of defense. ref cite news last Williams ... of the copy editor varies considerably from one publication to another. Some newspaper copy editors ... more details
A copy constructor is a special Constructor computer science constructor in the C programming language for creating a new Object computer science object Object copy as a copy of an existing object. The first ... . Normally the compiler automatically creates a copy constructor for each Class computer science class known as a default copy constructor but for special cases the programmer creates the copy constructor, known as a user defined copy constructor. In such cases, the compiler does not create one. Hence, there is always one copy constructor that is either defined by the user or by the system. A user defined copy constructor is generally needed when an object owns Data pointer pointers or non shareable ... by the use of a copy constructor and an Assignment operator in C assignment operator . A copy constructor ...?sku INCITS 2FISO 2FIEC 14882 2D2003 ref The following would be valid copy constructors for class code X code source lang cpp X const X& copy from me X X& copy from me X volatile X& copy from me X const volatile X& copy from me X X& copy from me, int 0 X const X& copy from me, double 1.0, int 42 ... source ... source lang cpp X a X valid given X const X& copy from me but not valid given X X& copy ... by invoking the default constructor of X, then uses the copy constructor to initialize a as a copy of that temporary ... difference between them is the obvious source lang cpp const X a X b a valid given X const X& copy from me but not valid given X X& copy from me because the second wants a non const X& source The code X& code form of the copy constructor is used when it is necessary to modify the copied object ... must be provided source lang cpp X a X b a valid if any of the copy constructors are defined since a reference is being passed. source The following are invalid copy constructors Reason code copy from me code is not passed as reference source lang cpp X X copy from me X const X copy from me source because the call to those constructors would require a copy as well, which would result in an infinitely ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 In photography , a copy stand is a device used to copy images and or text with a camera . The stand consists of a board onto which the media is placed and a tripod mount parallel to it, usually with an adjustable height. Light is provided by bright lamps mounted on either side of the media at forty five degree angles. This provides uniform lighting and reduces specular reflection , keeping glare low. In film cameras, copy stands are traditionally used with slide film . The fine resolution of slide film allows the images to be reproduced with high fidelity when they are projected. Reprography Copy stands can be used for reprography that is, to copy documents . To do so, the camera is mounted, usually with a standard 1 4 tripod mount screw, onto the stand, pointing the lens down at the base, where the document to be copied would be placed. Forensics Copy stands can be used in forensics to photograph evidence, in much the same way documents are reproduced. Evidence is brought to the lab, placed on the copy stand and recorded. Some copy stands designed for forensic use have ultraviolet light sources on them, to illuminate latent fingerprints. Animation Copy stands are sometimes recommended as a low cost alternative to a full featured animation stand for traditional cel animation , especially when using small film formats such as Super 8 mm film Super 8 . Category Photography equipment ... more details
Multiple issues wikify February 2012 orphan February 2009 primarysources January 2008 Copy Exactly is a factory strategy model developed by the computer chip manufacturer, Intel Corp. Intel , to build new manufacturing facilities with high capacity practices already in place. ref http www.intel.com pressroom kits manufacturing copy exactly bkgrnd.htm Virtual Press Kit Intel s Worldwide Manufacturing Operations Backgrounder Copy Exactly Factory Strategy Bot generated title ref References Reflist Category Intel Corporation Business stub ... more details
An association copy is a copy of a book that has been Inscription inscribed and Autograph signed by the author to someone somehow associated with the book or its author. Common cases include books inscribed by the author to a personal friend or colleague , books inscribed by the author to some other Celebrity famous person , and books inscribed by the author to someone upon whom a Fictional character character in the book is thought or known to have been based. Association copies are highly collectable . DEFAULTSORT Association Copy Category Book collecting book stub sv Associationsexemplar ... more details
A copy boy is a typically young and junior worker on a newspaper . The job involves taking typed stories from one section of a newspaper to another. blockquote Reporter s typed their stories on slips of butcher s paper...then a copy boy ran the story into the neighbouring subs room, hence the cry of copy . Each slip of the story had about six carbon copies...stapled together and it was the job of the copy boy or girl to separate the original and run it to the subs, and then separate the carbons for distribution. from Guthrie, 2010 . blockquote Former copy boys Charles Blackman John Curtin Larry Emdur Bob Geraghty Bruce Guthrie Andy Rooney ref http www.legacy.com obituaries saltlaketribune obituary.aspx?n andy rooney&pid 154466194 ref Gary Snyder John Updike James J. Montague References reflist http readingeagle.com article.aspx?id 123240 Man Bites Murdoch by Bruce Guthrie, Melbourne University Press, 2010 http www.canberratimes.com.au news local news general copy boy became a captain of his industry 813080.aspx http www.abc.net.au schoolstv australians curtin.htm Category Journalism occupations ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced May 2009 orphan February 2009 notability May 2009 A presentation copy is a copy of a book that has been dedicated by the author or illustrated and signed in some way to that effect. Presentation copies with a demonstrated relationship between the presenter and the recipient are generally more valuable than those merely signed by a writer. Category Book publishing lit stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 unreferenced date September 2008 Image K 99 mileage sign closeup.jpg thumb right A demountable copy sign along K 99 Kansas highway K 99 in Emporia, Kansas . Demountable copy is a term describing the method of manufacture of some signs in the United States . Demountable copy signage is built by attaching mass produced sheet metal characters and graphics, such as route shield s and arrows to the sign face, through means such as screws or rivets. Because of the ability to remove the preformed metal characters from the sign, demountable copy signs can be easily altered to change their message by removing unwanted sections of the legend and installing new elements. However, newly manufactured characters must be stored until their use, which could potentially take up much more space than the rolls of retroreflective sheeting required for direct applied copy. The Kansas Department of Transportation uses demountable copy extensively on its freeway signage. See also Button copy Older style of sign manufacture no longer commonly used Scotchlite common material for direct applied copy Category Traffic signs US road stub ... more details
Refimprove date April 2008 lowercase In computing , code copy code is a command computing command in RT 11 , RSX 11 , OpenVMS , DOS , OS 2 and Microsoft Windows operating system s. The command File copying copies computer file s from one directory file systems directory to another. The destination defaults to the current working directory . If more than one source file is indicated, the destination must be a directory. The equivalent Unix command is code Cp Unix cp code . A more advanced copy command is called code xcopy code . Example for PC DOS copy letter.txt destination Files may be copied to device file s e.g. code copy letter.txt lpt1 code sends the file to the Computer printer printer on lpt1. code copy letter.txt con code would output to stdout , like the code type command type code command. Note that code copy page1.txt page2.txt book.txt code will concatenation concatenate the files and output them as code book.txt code . Which is just like the code cat Unix cat code command. There are two Command line argument Command line switch command line switches to modify the behaviour when concatenating files Text mode This copies the text content of the file, stopping when it reaches the End of file EOF character. copy a doc1.txt doc2.txt doc3.txt Binary mode This concatenates files in their entirety, ignoring EOF characters. copy b image1.jpg image2.jpg image3.jpg See also List of DOS commands List of Unix programs Peripheral Interchange Program References http technet.microsoft.com en us library bb490886.aspx Microsoft TechNet Copy article reflist Windows commands Category DOS commands Category Microcomputer software Category Windows administration Category File copy utility storage software stub windows stub fa Copy ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2009 Copy on write sometimes referred to as COW is an Optimization computer science optimization strategy used in computer programming . The fundamental idea is that if multiple callers ask for resources which are initially indistinguishable, they can all be given pointers to the same resource. This function can be maintained until a caller tries to modify its copy of the resource, at which point a true private copy is created to prevent the changes becoming visible to everyone ... is that if a caller never makes any modifications, no private copy need ever be created. Copy on write in virtual memory Copy on write finds its main use in virtual memory operating system s when a computer process process creates a copy of itself, the pages in computer storage memory that might be modified by either the process or its copy are marked copy on write. When one process modifies ... the memory is allocated, the pages returned all refer to the page of zeros and are all marked as copy ... data is written. This is typically only done for larger allocations. Copy on write can be implemented ..., it must copy any such pages marked copy on write. Other applications of copy on write COW is also ... library , for example, was specifically designed to allow copy on write implementations source lang ..., again without the use of performance expensive locking mechanisms. The benefit of not having to copy ... a pre modification copy of data when underlying data are updated. Instant snapshots are used for testing ... and Microsoft Shadow Copy Volume Shadow Copy Service . The copy on write technique can be used ... Volume Manager Linux R1Soft Hot copy Shadow Copy Category Virtual memory Category Virtualization software Category Software optimization Category Articles with example C code cs Copy on write de Copy On Write es Copy on write fr Copy On Write it Copy on write ja pl Kopiowanie przy zapisie ru simple Copy on write sv Copy on write zh ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2008 Soft copy and hard copy are types of output. A soft copy is the unprinted Computer file digital document file . This term is often contrasted with hard copy . It can usually be viewed through an appropriate editing program, such as word processing programs, database programs, or presentation software , depending on the file type. It can be transported from one computer to another through file transfer downloading mechanisms such as ftp or http , as an email attachment, or through USB flash drive USB drives and other disk drives . Keeping a digital copy of a document can allow easy editing of it later on. See hard copy for information about printed documents. Using soft copies of work over traditional printed documents eliminates the need for paper and ink . Multiple copies of the same document can be kept in different versions, allowing the user to easily backtrack to an earlier version. Also, soft copies are more easily manipulated by users than hard copy hard copies , which can be both an advantage and a disadvantage. When soft copies are kept on storage devices, they conserve office space. Softcopy documents are more portable compared to hardcopy because it is not bulky like hardcopy. software type stub Category Word processors ko my ... more details
An object copy is an action in computing where a data object has its attribute computing attributes copied ... copy double image right shallow copy in progress.svg 200 shallow copy done.svg 200 A shallow copy in progress. A shallow copy having been completed. A shallow copy in progress. A shallow copy having been completed. One method of copying an object is the shallow copy. In this process, B is attached to the same memory block as A. This is otherwise known as address copy. This results in a situation ... block are shallow copies. Deep copy double image right deep copy in progress.svg 200 deep copy done.svg 200 A deep copy in progress. A deep copy having been completed. A deep copy in progress. A deep copy having been completed. An alternative is a deep copy. Here the data is actually copied over. The result is different from the result a shallow copy gives. The advantage is that A and B do not depend on each other but at the cost of a slower more expensive copy. Lazy copy A lazy copy is a combination of both strategies above. When initially copying an object, a fast shallow copy ... copy if necessary. Lazy copy looks to the outside just as a deep copy but takes advantage of the speed of a shallow copy whenever possible. The downside are rather high but constant base costs because of the counter. Also, in certain situations, circular reference s can also cause problems. Lazy copy is related to copy on write . Implementation Nearly all object oriented programming language s provide some way to copy objects. As the majority of languages do not provide most objects themselves, the programmer ... attack this problem. In C main copy constructor C is designed so that user defined types should be able ... any class to define a copy constructor and an assignment operator. C provides default versions of these which perform a memberwise copy, but any class is free to disable copying or define its own copy behaviour. In Java Unlike in C , objects in Java are always accessed indirectly through ... more details
ref improve date December 2011 Zero copy describes computer operations in which the Central processing unit CPU does not perform the task of copying data from one RAM memory area to another. This is most often used to save on processing power and memory use when sending files over a network. ref name reference1 Principle Zero copy versions of operating system elements such as device driver s, file system s, and network protocol stack s greatly increase the performance of certain application programs and more efficiently utilize system resources. Performance is enhanced by allowing the CPU to move on to other tasks while data copies proceed in parallel in another part of the machine. Also, zero copy operations reduce the number of time consuming mode switches between user space and kernel space ... copy operations, which is a relatively simple task, is wasteful if other simpler system components ... in the file cache. Two of those data copies use the CPU. Sending the same file via zero copy reduces ... Zero copy protocols are especially important for high speed networks in which the capacity of a network ... copy software include the use of Direct memory access DMA based copying and memory mapping through ... zero copying of files through specific APIs. Linux supports zero copy through system calls such as sys socket.h s sendfile, sendfile64, and Splice system call splice . Windows supports zero copy through the TransmitFile API. Java input streams can support zero copy through the java.nio.channels.FileChannel s transferTo method if the underlying operating system also supports zero copy. ref name reference1 RDMA Remote Direct Memory Access protocols deeply rely on zero copy techniques. References reflist ... data transfer through zero copy by Sathish K. Palaniappan and Pramod B. Nagaraja. september 2008 ... links http netsniff ng.org netsniff ng A zero copy network packet analyser and traffic generator Category Software optimization es Zero copy ru ... more details
Other uses Image Karbonkopia 2008.jpg thumb A copy made with carbon paper Carbon copying , abbreviated cc or c.c. , is the technique of using carbon paper to produce one or more copies simultaneously during the creation of paper documents. With the advent of email , the term has also come to refer to simultaneously sending copies of an electronic message to secondary recipients. Use A sheet of carbon paper is placed between two sheets of paper and the pressure applied by the writing implement pen ... printer to the top sheet causes pigment from the carbon paper to make a similar mark on the copy. More than one copy can be made by stacking several sheets with carbon paper between each pair. Four or five ... a carbon copy , from the use of the carbon paper. The use of carbon copies declined with the advent ... use sheet of carbon paper supplied, in order that the user can keep an exact copy of each receipt issued, although even here carbonless copy paper is often used to the same effect. It is still common ... used to make the copies. An alternative etymology is that c was used for copy and cc indicates the plural, just as p. means page and pp. means pages. The term carbon copy can be used in reference ... copy of every fourth rate conformist in this frightened land , Heinlein, Stranger in a Strange Land . E mail In e mail , the abbreviation CC indicates those who are to receive a copy of a message addressed .... An additional BCC blind carbon copy field is available for hidden notification recipients listed in the BCC field receive a copy of the message, but are not shown on any other recipient s copy ... Copy is available for e mail distribution lists that, like BCC, hides the full recipient list but, unlike ... or receipts. See also Carbon paper Carbonless copy paper References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Carbon Copy Category Email Category Non impact printing ar ca C pia en carb da Carbon copy es Copia de carb n fr Copie carbone it Copia conoscenza ku Carbon Copy ja simple Carbon copy sv Karbonkopia ... more details
Digital Copy is a marketing term for a commercially distributed computer file containing a media product ... physical copy typically a DVD or Blu ray Disc with which the digital copy is usually offered as part ... copy. The first is a copy already made in advance and included on the disc. The second is created ..., formats, digital rights management DRM systems and technical parameters are used for the digital copy file. Digital Copy systems based on existing pregenerated files are less flexible than dynamic Transcode transcoding solutions. Digital Copy files based on existing files include only one audio track ... to. Digital Copy files based on transcoding solutions can use the correct audio track and Subtitle captioning subtitle based on the user s location or choice and individually create the digital copy ... often, Digital Copy solutions offer Windows Media or Apple Inc Apple iTunes files with their respective ... owners can offer the Digital Copy feature as a paid service. Often the authentication code has an expiration date rendering the copy invalid if unused before this time. ref Cite web title Digital Copy url http www.amazon.com Digital Copy DVD publisher Amazon.com quote The Digital Copy on The Dark ... devices. ref name washpost Cite news date April 18, 2008 author Mike Musgrove title Digital Copy New ... 2008 04 digital copy new dvds and blur.html work Washington Post quote For many consumers, if it doesn ... Digital Copy schemes as stealing your fair use rights and selling them back to you piecemeal disputing claims by Hollywood studios that it is illegal for customers to rip a personal copy of a DVD to put ... and cassettes . ref Steven J. Vaughan Nichols of ComputerWorld.com describes the Digital Copy as nonsense ... Digital Copy A feature that s no feature url http blogs.computerworld.com digital copy a feature thats ... Content System Managed Copy Managed Copy Protect Software References Reflist External links http www.disneyfile.com Digital Copy from Disney http www.foxdigitalcopy.com Digital Copy from Fox http ... more details
wikify date February 2011 A copy typist is someone who specialises in typing text from a source which they read. Professional overview Copy typists learn to touch type at a high speed, which means they can look at the Copy written copy they are typing and do not need to look at the Keyboard computing keyboard they are typing on. The source, or original document is called Copy written the copy . They have the document to be typed in front of them and the copy is often held in a copyholder . The adjustable arm on the copyholder aids legibility and maximises the typing speed. There could also be an adjustable ruler and marker to help the typist keep their position when they are interrupted, clips to hold the pages in place, and a light. Copy can be hand written notes perhaps from an author of a book, a play, or a tv show. It might be their own notes in shorthand perhaps minutes from a meeting or notes from a wikt talk talk , lecture or presentation . In the past when word processors were not available and few people could type they would have typed up dissertations , research papers and letters that had been hand written by the authors. An urgent letter which was typed up was often signed by the secretary with a Procuration pp or was otherwise given back to the sender to sign before dispatch. A copy typist or a secretary with this skill will quote their speed in words per minute abbreviated to wpm on their Curriculum vitae CV and may be asked to demonstrate their speed and accuracy of this skill as part of the interview or application process. See audio typist for someone who uses an audio source for the documents they are typing. See also Personal assistant Receptionist Secretary Administration business Administrator Data entry clerk References Reflist External links Category Office and administrative support occupations uk ... more details
In compiler theory , copy propagation is the process of replacing the occurrences of targets of direct assignments with their values ref name dragonbook cite book title Compilers, Principles, Techniques, & Tools Second edition first1 Alfred V. last1 Aho first2 Monica S. last2 Lam first3 Ravi last3 Sethi first4 Jeffrey D. last4 Ullman isbn 0 321 48681 1 ref . A direct assignment is an instruction of the form code x y code , which simply assigns the value of code y code to code x code . From the following code y x z 3 y Copy propagation would yield z 3 x Copy propagation often makes use of reaching definitions , use def chains and def use chains when computing which occurrences of the target may be safely replaced. If all upwards exposed uses of the target may be safely modified, the assignment operation may be eliminated. Copy propagation is a useful clean up optimization frequently used after other optimizations have already been run. Some optimizations such as elimination of common sub expressions ref name dragonbook require that copy propagation be run afterwards in order to achieve an increase in efficiency. References Reflist Further reading Muchnick, Steven S. Advanced Compiler Design and Implementation . Morgan Kaufmann. 1997. Category Compiler optimizations it Copy propagation vi Lan truy n sao ch p ... more details
Refimprove date February 2010 Image Copy control logo.png thumb right Copy Control logo Copy Control was the generic name of a copy prevention system, used from 2001 until 2006 on several digital audio ... States, and Australia . It should not be confused with the CopyControl computer software copy protection ... intended as a means of copy protecting Compact Disc compact disc s, Copy Control discs cannot properly ... experimented with copy control until 2004. EMI kept using it until June 2006, when they dropped it. In the United States, Universal Music Group experimented with copy control on a few soundtracks in 2001 ... 2006, Cactus Data Shield , the Macrovision technology behind Copy Control, is no longer listed as a product .... ref http www.macrovision.com Macrovision Copy Protection, Software Licensing, and Digital Rights ... that EMI had decided to abandon Copy Control worldwide. Until then, it had been unclear whether EMI had completely abandoned it. There was no press release. Background The Copy Control protections ..., unlike the more recent DVD s, the CD standard specifies no inherent form of copy protection or other digital rights management . Copy Control is one of a number of attempts to apply copy protection .... Nevertheless, EMI s labelling of some Copy Controlled discs attempted to override consumers ..., absent from Copy Control releases As the Copy Control discs do not conform to the requirements of the Red ... by Philips . A Copy Control CD which would not play in a car CD player was deemed defective in a France French 2003 lawsuit, and every recent Copy Control released disc carries visible Copy Control ..., for example car CD players . Nevertheless, the discs are frequently referred to as CDs or copy protected CDs in music stores and in colloquial language. Circumvention A Copy Control disc will appear ... that might cause a read error, such as dust and scratches resulting from normal use. Copy ... speed. This weakness, inherent in all digital copy prevention systems, is known as the analog ... more details
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