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Encyclopedia results for Atrial septal defect

Atrial septal defect





Encyclopedia results for Atrial septal defect

  1. Atrial septal defect

    Atrial septal defect Image Gray468.png Caption Heart of human embryo of about thirty five days Width ... Technical date January 2009 article s introductory section Atrial septal defect ASD is a form of congenital ... Disease&ciid Atrial 20septal 20defect Atrial septal defect at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York Mount ... overview Atrial Septal Defect in Pediatric eMedicine ref In this case, elevation of pressure in the pulmonary ... PFO . Pathophysiology Image Atrial septal defect en.png thumb 250px Atrial septal defect with left to right ... volume 11 issue 4 pages 543 56 year 1993 pmid 8252558 ref The ostium secundum atrial septal defect ... defect 4 defect involving coronary sinus 5 primum defect. There are many types of atrial septal defects ... secundum atrial septal defect The ostium secundum atrial septal defect is the most common type of atrial septal defect, and comprises 6 10 of all congenital heart diseases. The secundum atrial septal ... septal defect Main Ostium primum atrial septal defect A defect in the ostium primum is occasionally classified as an atrial septal defect, ref cite web url http www.mayoclinic.org atrial septal defect types.html title Atrial Septal Defect Types Mayo Clinic accessdate 2007 10 14 work ref but it is more ... septal defect A sinus venosus ASD is a type of atrial septum defect in which the defect in the septum ..., Cheitlin M, Bedynek J title Sinus venosus atrial septal defect analysis of fifty cases journal Am Heart ... year 1998 ref Mixed Atrial septal defect The inter atrial septum can be divided in to 5 septal ... atrial septal defect. ref name test http content.onlinejacc.org cgi content full 58 5 e9 , Mixed Atrial Septal Defect Coexisting Ostium Secundum and Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect . ref Diagnosis ... shunt, producing a widely split S2. Because the atria are linked via the atrial septal defect, inspiration ... In transthoracic echocardiography , an atrial septal defect may be seen on color flow imaging ... The ECG findings in atrial septal defect vary with the type of defect the individual has. Individuals ...   more details



  1. Sinus venosus atrial septal defect

    Infobox disease Name Sinus venosus atrial septal defect Image ASD.png Caption ASD locations. 1 upper sinus venosus defect 2 lower sinus venosus defect. DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 Q 21 1 q 20 ICD9 ICD9 745.8 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID A Sinus venosus atrial septal defect is a type of atrial septal defect primarily associated with the sinus venosus . They represent 10 of atrial septal defects. ref name urlAtrial Septal Defect, Sinus Venosus Overview eMedicine cite web url http emedicine.medscape.com article 892151 overview title Atrial Septal Defect, Sinus Venosus Overview eMedicine format work accessdate 2009 01 09 ref They can occur near the superior vena cava or inferior vena cava , but the former are more common. ref name urlYale Congenital Heart Disease Sinus Venosus ASD cite web url http www.med.yale.edu intmed cardio chd e asd sinus venos title Yale Congenital Heart Disease Sinus Venosus ASD format work accessdate 2009 01 09 ref They can be associated with anomalous pulmonary venous connection . ref name pmid16172274 cite journal author Attenhofer Jost CH, Connolly HM, Danielson GK, et al. title Sinus venosus atrial septal defect long term postoperative outcome for 115 patients journal Circulation volume 112 issue 13 pages 1953 8 year 2005 month September pmid 16172274 doi 10.1161 CIRCULATIONAHA.104.493775 url http circ.ahajournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 16172274 ref References reflist Congenital heart defects Category Congenital heart disease ...   more details



  1. Ostium primum atrial septal defect

    Infobox Disease Name Ostium primum atrial septal defect Image ASD.png Caption Schemating drawing showing the location of different types of ASD, the view is into an opened right atrium. HV right ventricle VCS superior caval vein VCI inferior caval vein 1 upper sinus venosus defect 2 lower sinus venosus defect 3 secundum defect 4 defect involving coronary sinus 5 primum defect. DiseasesDB 1090 ICD10 ICD10 Q 21 2 q 20 ICD9 ICD9 745.6 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj ped eMedicineTopic 1685 MeshID The ostium primum atrial septal defect also known as an endocardial cushion defect is a defect in the atrial septum at the level of the tricuspid valve tricuspid and mitral valve mitral valves. This is sometimes known as an endocardial cushion defect because it often involves the endocardial cushion , which is the portion of the heart where the atrial septum meets the ventricular septum and the mitral valve meets the tricuspid valve. Endocardial cushion defects are associated with abnormalities of the atrioventricular valves the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve . These include the cleft mitral valve, and the single atrioventricular valve a single large, deformed valve that flows into both the right ventricle and the left ventricle . Endocardial cushion defects are the most common congenital heart defect that is associated with Down s syndrome . Classification A defect in the ostium primum is occasionally classified as an atrial septal defect , ref cite web url http www.mayoclinic.org atrial septal defect types.html title Atrial Septal Defect Types Mayo Clinic accessdate 2007 10 14 work ref but it is more commonly classified as an atrioventricular septal defect ref name isbn0 683 30272 8 cite book author Fix, James D. Dudek, Ronald W. title Embryology publisher Williams & Wilkins location Baltimore year 1998 pages 52 isbn 0 683 30272 8 oclc doi ref ref ICD10 Q 21 2 q 20 ref ... of circulatory system DEFAULTSORT Ostium Primum Atrial Septal Defect Category Congenital heart disease ...   more details



  1. Heart septal defect

    Infobox Disease Name Heart septal defect Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 Q 21 q 20 ICD9 ICD9 745.3 ICD9 745.9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D006343 Heart septal defect refers to a congenital heart defect of one of the septa of the heart. Atrial septal defect Atrioventricular septal defect Ventricular septal defect Although aortopulmonary septal defect s are defects of the aorticopulmonary septum , which is not technically part of the heart, they are sometimes grouped with the heart septal defects. Congenital heart defects Category Congenital heart disease medicine stub ...   more details



  1. Ventricular septal defect

    , when macrophage s start remodeling the dead heart tissue. See also Atrial septal defect Atrioventricular septal defect Cardiac output Congenital heart disease Heart sounds Pulmonary hypertension Additional ...Infobox disease Name Ventricular septal defect Image Ventricular Septal Defect.jpg Caption echocardiography Echocardiographic image of a moderate ventricular septal defect in the mid muscular part of the septum ... MeshName Ventricular Septal Defects MeshNumber C14.240.400.560.540 Image Ventricular septal defect en.png thumb 300px Ventricular septal defect A ventricular septal defect VSD is a defect in the ventricular .... ref Ambumani P, Kuruchi Srinivasan. Ventricular Septal Defect, General Concepts. eMedicine.com. ... on December 5, 2005. ref ref Eidem BW. Ventricular Septal Defect, Muscular. eMedicine.com. URL http ..., Galovich J. Emedicine. Ventricular Septal Defect. http emedicine.medscape.com article 162692 overview Accessed 27 May 2010. ref Signs and symptoms Ventricular septal defect is usually symptomless at birth ... valve septal leaflet is retracted or incised to expose the defect margins. c Several patch materials ... watch?v Uf tRlG1nMc VSD Repair, Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect Epidemiology and Etiology VSDs ... and natural course of trabecular ventricular septal defect Two dimensional echocardiography and color ... ZD, Barak M, Nasser N, Hershkowitz S, Milgram E. High prevalence of muscular ventricular septal defect ... also form a few days after a myocardial infarction ref Bruckheimer E. Ventricular septal defect. Medical ... Septal Defect http www.scribd.com doc 5563960 VSD Ventricular Septal Defect Repair VSD Repair ... septal defect Children s Hospital Boston http www.americanheart.org presenter.jhtml?identifier 11066 Ventricular septal defect American Heart Association http www.nlm.nih.gov medlineplus ency article 001099.htm Ventricular septal defect medlineplus.org http heartcenter.seattlechildrens.org conditions treated ventricular septal defect.asp Ventricular Septal Defect information from Seattle Children ...   more details



  1. Atrioventricular septal defect

    See also Atrial septal defect Congenital heart disease Heart Heart sounds Pulmonary hypertension Ventricular septal defect References reflist 2 External links http heartcenter.seattlechildrens.org conditions treated atrioventricular septal defect.asp Atrioventricular Septal Defect information from ...Infobox disease Name Atrioventricular septal defect Image Caption DiseasesDB 31910 ICD10 ICD10 Q 21 2 ... Cushion Defects MeshNumber C14.240.400.560.350 Atrioventricular septal defect AVSD or atrioventricular canal defect AVCD , previously known as common atrioventricular canal CAVC or endocardial cushion defect , is characterized by a deficiency of the atrioventricular septum of the heart . It is caused ... and complete forms. In the partial AVSD, there is a defect in the primum or inferior part of the atrial septum but no direct intraventricular communication ostium primum defect . In the complete ... flow of blood to the lungs through both the ventricular and atrial components of the defect. In addition ... syndrome have congenital heart disease. Of these, 35 40 have AV septal defects. ref Al Hay AA et al. Complete atrioventricular septal defect, Down syndrome and surgical outcome Risk factors. Ann Thorac ... Atrioventricular septal defect at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York Mount Sinai Hospital ref Confirmation ... portion of the atrial septum and the muscular portion of the ventricular septum . Classification ... bridging leaflets of the AV valve. The defect involves the whole area of the junction of the upper and lower ... in effect become a common atrio ventricular valve, and the severity of the defect depends largely ..., but it also occurs as an isolated abnormality. Pathophysiology If there is a defect in the septum ... thumb right 190px Associated conditions This type of congenital heart defect is associated with patients .... ref http www.childrenshospital.org az Site521 mainpageS521P0.html Atrioventricular Canal Defect ... of either can be made. Treatment Treatment is surgical and involves closure of the atrial ...   more details



  1. Aortopulmonary septal defect

    Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 Q 20 0 q 20 ICD10 Q 20 3 q 20 , ICD10 Q 21 4 q 20 ICD9 ICD9 745.0 ICD9 745.1 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D001028 An aortopulmonary septal defect is a heart disorder deriving from disorders of the development of the aorticopulmonary septum . There are numerous types. ref name pmid9591904 cite journal author McElhinney DB, Reddy VM, Tworetzky W, Silverman NH, Hanley FL title Early and late results after repair of aortopulmonary septal defect and associated anomalies in infants 6 months of age journal Am. J. Cardiol. volume 81 issue 2 pages 195 201 year 1998 month January pmid 9591904 doi 10.1016 S0002 9149 97 00881 3 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0002 9149 97 00881 3 ref Types include persistent truncus arteriosus ref cite web url http library.med.utah.edu WebPath CVHTML CV103.html title Cardiovascular Pathology accessdate 2007 10 14 format work ref double outlet right ventricle transposition of the great vessels tetralogy of Fallot References reflist Category Congenital heart disease circulatory stub Congenital heart defects ...   more details



  1. Defect

    wiktionary Defect , defects , or defected may refer to NOTOC Geometry and physical sciences Defect geometry , a characteristic of a polyhedron Topological defect Isoperimetric defect Crystallographic defect , a structural imperfection in a crystal Biology and medicine Congenital disorder , a medical condition present at birth Computing Software bug , a failure of computer software to meet requirements Politics The action of defection , abandoning allegiance to one country for another Pop music The Defects , Northern Irish punk rock band Defected Records , a music label Manufacturing Defect is defined as non conformity observed in a unit against the specifications. A unit may have multiple types of defects at the same time. E.g. a night torch may not turn on at the press of its button. disambig de Defekt et Defekt es Defecto desambiguaci n it Difetto he sk Defekt uk ...   more details



  1. Rashkind balloon atrial septostomy

    Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 The Rashkind balloon atrial septostomy is a medical procedure, performed during cardiac catheterization heart cath , in which a balloon catheter is used to enlarge a foramen ovale , atrial septal defect Patent foramen ovale patent foramen ovale PFO , or atrial septal defect ASD in order to increase oxygen saturation in patients with cyanotic heart defect cyanotic congenital congenital heart defect heart defect s CHD s . It was developed in 1966 by United States American surgeon s William Rashkind and William Miller physician William Miller at the Children s Hospital of Philadelphia . William Rashkind was not a surgeon, but a pediatric cardiologist at the Children s Hospital of Philadelphia. He was one of the fathers of the field of interventional catheterization, and he developed not only this life saving technique and device for neonates with transposition of the great arteries, but also devices to close atrial septal defects ASDs and persistent patent ductus arteriosus PDA . He was the chief of the Division of Pediatric Cardiology at the Children s Hospital of Philadelphia until his death in 1986 from malignant melanoma. DEFAULTSORT Rashkind Balloon Atrial Septostomy Category Surgical techniques Surgery stub de Rashkind Man ver es Septostom a de Rashkind pl Zabieg Rashkinda ...   more details



  1. Acyanotic heart defect

    Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Acyanotic heart defect have normal levels of oxyhemoglobin saturation in systemic circulation. This tends to be left to right side heart shunts, whereas cyanotic heart disease is right to left shunts which lowers oxygen saturation level. Left to right shunting heart defects include ventricular septal defect or VSD 30 of all congenital heart defects , patent ductus arteriosus or PDA, atrial septal defect or ASD, and atrioventricular septal defect or AVSD. Acyanotic heart defects without shunting include pulmonary stenosis , a narrowing of the pulmonary valve , aortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta . See also Cyanotic heart defect DEFAULTSORT Acyanotic Heart Defect Category Congenital heart disease Disease stub ...   more details



  1. Atrial septostomy

    Interventions infobox Name PAGENAME Image Rashkind schema.jpg Caption Balloon atrial septostomy ICD10 ICD9 ICD9proc 35.41 MeshID OPS301 OtherCodes HCPCSlevel2 Atrial septostomy is a Surgery surgical procedure in which a small hole is created between the upper two chambers of the heart , the Atrium heart atria . This procedure is primarily used to treat dextro Transposition of the great arteries or d TGA often imprecisely called transposition of the great arteries , a life threatening Cyanotic heart defect cyanotic congenital heart defect seen in infants. Atrial septostomy has also seen limited ... first MA authorlink coauthors Grifka RG, Mullins CE, Nihil MR title Atrial septostomy improves survival ... types of this procedure balloon atrial septostomy also called endovascular atrial septostomy , Rashkind atrial balloon septostomy , or simply Rashkind s procedure and blade atrial septostomy also called static balloon atrial septostomy . Indications In a normal heart , oxygen depleted blood blue is pumped ... throughout the body. Atrial septostomy allows more of the oxygen rich blood to circulate throughout ..., potentially leading to Cor pulmonale right heart failure . Atrial septostomy relieves some ..., Shaughnessy RD, Channick RN, Auger WR, Fedullo PF,Smith CM, Kriett JM, Jamieson SW title Atrial septostomy ... 00416 6 pmid 10498139 accessdate 2007 11 14 ref Procedure The majority of atrial septostomies are performed on infants with d TGA or other cyanotic heart defect s. In these cases, a balloon catheter is guided ... successful, or there are other factors that make a simple balloon atrial septostomy impossible, such as an older patient whose foramen ovale has already closed. This is when a blade atrial ... the insertion of the balloon. Risks As with any surgery, there are certain risks to atrial septostomy ... Endovascular atrial septostomy information for the public from the National Institute ... procedure overview of balloon or blade atrial septostomy from the National Institute for Health ...   more details



  1. Septal nectary

    A septal nectary is nectar producing Tissue biology tissue that is found in the wall of a Ovary plants plant ovary . ref name Judd 2008 Judd, Walter S., Christopher S. Campbell, Elizabeth L. Kellog, Peter F. Stevens, and Michael J. Donoghue. Plant systematics a phylogenetic approach. 3rd ed. Sunderland, MA Sinauer Associates, Inc., 2007. ref Septal nectaries function as a way of attracting pollinator s ref name Sajo Sajo, M. G., P. J. Rudall, and C. J. Prychid. Floral anatomy of Bromeliaceae, with particular reference to the epigyny and septal nectaries in commelinid monocots. Plant Systematics and Evolution 247 2004 215 31. ref . Plants that rely on insect s, bird s, or bat s for pollination often have septal nectaries. Aside from attracting pollinators, septal nectaries have also been known to attract plant protectors. Some plants, like Ruellia radicans , have nectaries that continue to secrete pollen even after the petal s have been shed. This attracts ant s which will in turn protect the developing fruit s of the plant from seed predators and herbivore s in exchange for nectar ref name Gracie Gracie, C. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458 5126 . Observation of dual function of nectaries in Ruellia radicans Nees Lindau Acanthaceae . Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 118 188 190. 1991. ref . References Reflist Category Plant physiology ja ...   more details



  1. Septal nuclei

    Refimprove date December 2008 Infobox Brain Name Septal area Latin nuclei septales GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 241 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre n 11 DorlandsSuf 12583395 BamsSlug SEPTAL NUCLEI The septal area medial olfactory area are structures that lie below the rostrum of corpus callosum in front of lamina terminalis the layer of gray matter in the brain connecting the optic chiasma and the anterior commissure where the latter becomes continuous with the rostral lamina , composed of medium size neurons grouped into medial, lateral, and posterior groups. The septal nuclei receive reciprocal connections from the olfactory bulb , hippocampus , amygdala , hypothalamus , midbrain , habenula , cingulate gyrus , and thalamus . The septal area medial olfactory area has no relation to the smell, but it is considered a pleasure zone in animals. The septal nuclei play a role in reward and reinforcement along with the nucleus accumbens . In the 1950s, Olds & Milner showed that rats with electrodes implanted in this area will self stimulate repeatedly in order to experience a euphoric feeling i.e. press a bar to receive electrical current that will stimulate the neurons ref . Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1954 Dec 47 6 419 27. ref . To be more specific The dorsal septum projects to the lateral preoptic area , lateral hypothalamus, periventricular hypothalamus and midline thalamus. Fibers from the ventral half of the septum project topographically to the hippocampal formation, thalamus, hypothalamus and midbrain. Specifically, neurons located along the midline in the vertical limb of the diagonal ... ,The rest references in Reflist below. External links BrainMaps septal 20nuclei Commissural fibers References 1. OLDS, J., MILNER, P. Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal ...   more details



  1. Septal myectomy

    Context date October 2009 Septal myectomy is a cardiac surgery treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy HCM . The surgery entails removing a portion of the septum that is obstructing the flow of blood from the left ventrical to the aorta. Septal myectomies have been successfully performed for more than 25 years. The alternatives to septal myectomies are treatment with medication usually beta or calcium blockers or non surgical removal of tissue with alcohol ablation. Ordinarily, septal myectomies are performed only after attempts at treatment with medication fail. The choice between septal myectomy and alcohol ablation is a complex medical decision. Outcomes Septal myectomy is associated with a low perioperative mortality and a high late survival rate. A study at the Mayo Clinic found surgical myectomy performed to relieve outflow obstruction and severe symptoms in HCM was associated with long term survival equivalent to that of the general population, and superior to obstructive HCM without operation. The results are shown below ref name Ommen 2005 Cite journal author Ommen S, Maron B, Olivotto I, Maron M, Cecchi F, Betocchi S, Gersh B, Ackerman M, McCully R, Dearani J, Schaff H, Danielson G, Tajik A, Nishimura R title Long term effects of surgical septal myectomy on survival in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy journal J Am Coll Cardiol volume 46 issue 3 pages 470 6 year 2005 pmid 16053960 doi 10.1016 j.jacc.2005.02.090 ref center border 0 class wikitable Survival all cause mortality Years With surgery Without surgery 1 98 90 5 96 79 10 83 61 class wikitable Survival HCM related death Years With surgery Without surgery 1 99 94 5 98 89 10 95 73 class wikitable Survival sudden cardiac death Years With surgery Without surgery 1 100 97 5 99 93 10 99 89 ... septal ablation or myectomy offers substantial clinical improvement for patients with hypertrophic ... DE title Myectomy or alcohol septal ablation surgery and percutaneous intervention go another round ...   more details



  1. Septal panniculitis

    Septal panniculitis is a condition of the subcutaneous tissue subcutaneous fat affecting the layer of adipose tissue that lies between the dermis and underlying fascia , of which there are two forms acute erythema nodosum and chronic erythema nodosum . ref name Andrews cite book author James, William D. Berger, Timothy G. et al. title Andrews Diseases of the Skin clinical Dermatology publisher Saunders Elsevier location year 2006 pages isbn 0 7216 2921 0 oclc doi accessdate ref rp 487 9 See also Erythema nodosum List of cutaneous conditions Panniculitis Skin lesion References reflist Cutaneous condition stub Disorders of subcutaneous fat Category Conditions of the subcutaneous fat ...   more details



  1. Atrial tachycardia

    Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 427.89 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 188 MeshID Atrial tachycardia is a type of atrial arrhythmia in which the heart s electrical impulse comes from an ectopic atrial pacemaker rather than from the SA node . Atrial tachycardias are characterized by very regular rates ranging from 140&ndash 220  bpm. ref name ucsf http www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org conditions atrial tachycardia UCSF Benioff Children s Hospital Atrial Tachycardia ref One form is multifocal atrial tachycardia . References reflist Heart diseases Category Cardiac dysrhythmia symptom stub ...   more details



  1. Atrial appendage

    There are two atrial appendages of the heart Right atrial appendage Left atrial appendage disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it from being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Long comment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ...   more details



  1. Atrial enlargement

    Atrial enlargement refers to a condition where the left atrium or right atrium of the heart is larger than would be expected. It can also affect both atria. ref http library.med.utah.edu kw ecg ecg outline Lesson7 index.html ref Types include Left atrial enlargement Right atrial enlargement References reflist Heart diseases Category Cardiomegaly cardiology stub ...   more details



  1. Atrial flutter

    Infobox disease Name Atrial flutter ICD10 ICD10 I 48 i 30 ICD9 ICD9 427.32 Image Atrial flutter34.JPG Caption Atrial flutter with variable block between 3 and 4 to 1 OMIM OMIM mult MedlinePlus 000184 eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 185 DiseasesDB 1072 MeshID D001282 Atrial flutter AFL is an cardiac ... patient care health library diseases and conditions atrial flutter Atrial flutter at Mount ... atrial flutter ref and falls into the category of supraventricular tachycardia supra ventricular ... into atrial fibrillation AF . However, it does rarely persist for months to years. Atrial flutter ... Heart year 1920 volume 7 pages 191 ref Signs and symptoms While atrial flutter can sometimes go unnoticed ... usually last until the episode resolves, or until the heart rate is controlled. Atrial flutter .... Pathophysiology Atrial flutter is caused by a Cardiac arrhythmia Re entry reentrant rhythm in either ..., atrial flutter is propagated due to differences in refractory periods of atrial tissue. This creates ... of atrial flutter depend on the heart rate of the patient. Heart rate is a measure of the ventricular rather than atrial activity. Impulses from the atria are conducted to the ventricles through ... a protective effect on heart rate by blocking atrial impulses in excess of about 180 beats minute ... substantially see image below . Classification There are two types of atrial flutter, the common type ... location Philadelphia isbn 0 7216 8697 4 pages ref Most individuals with atrial flutter will manifest ... at a time. Type I Image AtrialFlutter12.JPG thumb 300px right Type I atrial flutter, counterclockwise rotation with 3 1 and 4 1 AV node AV nodal block. Type I atrial flutter, also known as common atrial flutter or typical atrial flutter , has an atrial rate of 240 to 340 beats minute. However, this rate ... atrial flutter and clockwise atrial flutter depending on the direction of current passing through the loop. Counterclockwise atrial flutter known as cephalad directed atrial flutter is more ...   more details



  1. Atrial myxoma

    Infobox Disease Name Atrial myxoma Image Atrial myxoma high mag.jpg Caption Micrograph of an atrial myxoma . H&E stain . DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic eMedicine mult MeshID An atrial myxoma is a Benign tumor benign tumor found in the human heart heart , commonly in the Left atrium upper left or Right atrium right side. It grows on the wall atrial septum that separates the two sides of the heart. Causes Prose section date May 2010 Myxomas are the most common type of primary heart tumor. ref name pmid18350919 Cite journal last1 Vaideeswar first1 P. last2 Butany first2 JW. title Benign cardiac tumors of the pluripotent mesenchyme. journal Semin Diagn Pathol volume 25 issue 1 pages 20 8 month Feb year 2008 doi PMID 18350919 ref The tumor is derived from multipotential mesenchymal cells and may cause a ball valve type obstruction. About 75 of myxomas occur in the left atrium of the heart, usually beginning in the wall that divides the two upper chambers of the heart. The rest are in the right atrium. Right atrial myxomas are sometimes associated with tricuspid stenosis and atrial fibrillation . Myxomas are more common in women. About 10 of myxomas ... is an autopsy finding The symptoms and signs of left atrial myxomas often mimic mitral stenosis ... position. Right atrial myxomas rarely produce symptoms until they have grown to be at least 13  ... atrial fibrillation Blood tests A complete blood count FBC may show anemia and increased WBCs white ... File Atrial myxoma embolus.jpg thumb An embolized fragment of an atrial myxoma in the iliac ... Image Atrial myxoma edge low mag.jpg Atrial myxoma and myocardium. H&E stain. Image Atrial myxoma low mag.jpg Atrial myxoma. H&E stain. Image Atrial myxoma intermed mag.jpg Atrial myxoma. H&E stain. Image Atrial myxoma edge high mag.jpg Atrial myxoma covered by endothelium . H&E stain. gallery ... s References Reflist 2 Heart and thymus neoplasia DEFAULTSORT Atrial Myxoma Category Heart neoplasia ...   more details



  1. Atrial syncytium

    Unreferenced date November 2006 The atrial syncytium is a network of cardiac muscle cells connected by intercalated disc s that lends to the coordinated contraction of the atrium heart atria . Electrical resistance through intercalated discs is very low, thus allowing free diffusion of ions. The ease of ion movement along cardiac muscle fibers axes is such that action potentials are able to travel from one cardiac muscle cell to the next, facing only slight resistance. In sum, cardiac muscle is a syncytium, meaning when one cell contracts, they all contract. Ventricular syncytium refers to the same network in the ventricle heart ventricle . See also Atrium heart Heart DEFAULTSORT Atrial Syncytium Category Health Health stub ...   more details



  1. Atrial fibrillation

    Infobox Disease Name Atrial fibrillation Image SinusRhythmLabels.svg Caption Schematic diagram of normal sinus rhythm for a human heart as seen on ECG. In atrial fibrillation, however, the P waves, which ... emerg 46 MeshID D001281 Atrial fibrillation AF or A fib is the most common cardiac arrhythmia irregular ... narrowing of the mitral valve of the heart . Atrial fibrillation may be treated with medications ... with Atrial Fibrillation a report of the American College of Cardiology American Heart Association ... Guidelines Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial ... last8 Le Heuzey first8 JY last9 Kay first9 GN ref All atrial fibrillation patients are initially in the category ..., it is unlikely to self terminate, ref cite journal author Levy S title Classification system of atrial ... of other characteristics of the patient. ref name pmid16908781 Lone atrial fibrillation LAF absence ... disease Signs and symptoms Atrial fibrillation is usually accompanied by symptoms related to a rapid ... of atrial fibrillation are secondary to other medical problems, the presence of chest pain or angina ... conditions Central sleep apnea CSA A study found that the prevalence of atrial fibrillation among ... cardiorespiratory regulation. ref name Leung2005 cite journal title Association between atrial ... www.journalsleep.org Articles 281210.pdf ref Left atrial enlargement Mitral stenosis Diagnosis The evaluation of atrial fibrillation involves diagnosis, determination of the etiology of the arrhythmia, and classification of the arrhythmia. The minimal evaluation of atrial fibrillation is a history ... Screening medicine Screening for atrial fibrillation is not generally performed, although a study ... Fitzmaurice DA title Screening versus routine practice in detection of atrial fibrillation in patients ... author Mant J title Accuracy of diagnosing atrial fibrillation on electrocardiogram by primary care practitioners and interpretative diagnostic software analysis of data from screening for atrial fibrillation ...   more details



  1. Defect tracking

    Refimprove auto yes date December 2009 In engineering , defect tracking is the process of finding defects in a product by inspection, Quality control testing , or recording feedback from customers , and making new versions of the product that fix the defects. Defect tracking is important in software engineering as complex software systems typically have tens or hundreds or thousands of defects managing, evaluating and prioritizing these defects is a difficult task defect tracking systems are computer database systems that store defects and help people to manage them. Defect prevention The objective of defect prevention is to identify the defects and take corrective action to ensure they are not repeated over subsequent iterative cycles. Defect prevention can be implemented by preparing an action plan to minimize or eliminate defects, generating defect metrics, defining corrective action and producing an analysis of the root causes of the defects. Defect prevention can be accomplished by actioning the following steps Calculate defect data with periodic reviews using test logs from the execution phase this data should be used to segregate and classify defects by root causes. This produces defect metrics highlighting the most prolific problem areas Identify improvement strategies Escalate issues to senior management or customer where necessary Draw up an action plan to address outstanding defects and improve development process.This should be reviewed regularly for effectiveness and modified should it prove to be ineffective. Undertake periodic peer reviews to verify that the action plans are being adhered to Produce regular reports on defects by age. If the defect age for a particular defect is high and the severity is sufficient to cause concern, focussed action needs to be taken ... Bug tracking Comparison of issue tracking systems References references DEFAULTSORT Defect Tracking Category Bug and issue tracking software Defect tracking Tech stub ...   more details



  1. Defect of Birth

    orphan date February 2009 Defect of Birth was, under former Roman Catholic canon law , a canonical impediment to ordination, stemming from illegitimacy. Under the current 1983 Code of Canon Law, illegitimacy no longer has any canonical implications or consequences. Defect of birth was an impediment to the reception of orders, and inhibited the exercise of the functions of orders already received. The prohibition did not touch the validity of orders, but made the reception of them illicit. The defect of illegitimate birth could be remedied in four ways 1 by the subsequent marriage of the parents, if they were capable of contracting a marriage at the time of birth 2 by a rescript of the pope 3 by religious profession 4 by a dispensation. See also Illegitimacy External links http www.newadvent.org cathen 02579b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia Defect of Birth Category Canon law Catholic Church RC Canon law stub Catholic ...   more details



  1. Entrainment defect

    orphan date September 2010 An entrainment defect is a term used in metallurgy to describe a defect created in a casting by the folding over of the oxidation oxidized surface layer of the molten metal into the bulk liquid. Reason This defect occurs due to the inclusions entrapped inside molten metal when solidified. This is not occurred at the surface of the metal but when tooling is applied on the casting part, underneath this defect can be shown clearly. See also Non metallic inclusions References Castings by J. Campbell Elsevier, 2003 Chapter 2. Category Casting manufacturing metalworking stub ...   more details




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