Image AED open cutout.jpg thumb upright An automatedexternaldefibrillator, open and ready for pads to be attached An automatedexternaldefibrillator or AED is a wikt portable portable electronic device ... Treats An automatedexternaldefibrillator is used in cases of life threatening cardiac arrhythmia ... is an AutomatedExternalDefibrillator. We had the thrill of yelling, Clear Unfortunately this also ... Unlike regular defibrillator s, an automatedexternaldefibrillator requires minimal training to use ... treatments medicaldevices aed.html FDA Heart Health Online AutomatedExternalDefibrillator AED http www.resus.org.uk Resuscitation Council UK http www.medicalvideos.us play.php?vid 3152 AutomatedExternal ... using the AED on someone to avoid interference. ref cite web title How To Use an AutomatedExternalDefibrillator url http www.nhlbi.nih.gov health dci Diseases aed aed use.html work National Heart ... of automatedexternal defibrillators journal N. Engl. J. Med. volume 347 issue 16 pages 1242 7 year ... AED sign, developed by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Automatedexternal ... fully automatedexternal defibrillators at the bedside. ref http www.lifetecmedical.com ... support and for engaging in the mission to help save other lives. Liability Automatedexternal ... cgi content full 95 6 1677 title Automatic External Defibrillators for Public Access ... out prior to the arrival of a defibrillator. Effect of Delayed Treatment Uncorrected, these cardiac ... found evidence that use of a defibrillator on a woman wearing an underwire bra can lead to arcing ... of a building. When these protective cases are opened or the defibrillator is removed, some ... Heartstart Home Defibrillator publisher Philips Electronics accessdate 2007 06 15 ref The number ... Defibrillator last Barnaby first Barnaby J date 2005 05 03 accessdate 2007 06 15 publisher New York ... model of AED An AED is external because the operator applies the electrode pads to the bare chest ... more details
Image Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator 1.jpg frame Image Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator 2.jpg frame The wearable cardioverter defibrillator WCD is worn by patients at risk for sudden cardiac arrest SCA , allowing their physician time to assess their long term arrhythmic risk and make appropriate plans. br br The WCD is lightweight and easy to wear, allowing patients to return to their activities of daily living, while having the peace of mind that they are protected from SCA. The WCD is non invasive and consists of two main components a garment and a monitor. The garment, worn under the clothing, detects arrhythmias and delivers treatment shocks. The monitor is worn around the waist or from a shoulder strap and records the arrhythmias. The WCD continuously monitors the patient s heart ... the first implantable cardioverter defibrillator ICD founded Lifecor and began development of the WCD ... defibrillator. The Lifecor business was acquired by ZOLL Medical Corporation in 2006. Since ... The wearable cardioverter defibrillator can be useful in cases after the need has been established but prior to implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator ICD and in cases where and ICD ... from any defibrillator. Since complications of AICD placement are low and contraindications ... title Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillators as a Bridge to Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator ... detail 987 title Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator for Patients at Risk of Sudden Cardiac Arrest ... ref Footnotes reflist References Reek et al., Clinical Efficacy of the Wearable Defibrillator in Acutely ... Fibrillation, EP Lab Digest , 2005 12 22 24 Feldman et al., Use of a Wearable Defibrillator ..., 2004, 27 4 9. Reek et al., Clinical Efficacy of the Wearable Defibrillator in Acutely Terminating ..., EP Lab Digest , 2008 Vol. 8 Issue 7. External links http www.zoll.com medical products life vest wearable defibrillator The Zoll LifeVest DEFAULTSORT Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator Category Medical ... more details
Refimprove date July 2010 Image ICD.jpg thumb Guidant ICD An implantable cardioverter defibrillator ICD ... File AICD.jpg thumb Automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator. The process of implantation ... Defibrillator url http content.nejm.org cgi content full NEJMoa0909545 journal New England ... showing Torsades being shocked by an implantable cardioverter defibrillator back to the patient ... MM, Staewen WS, et al Standby automatic defibrillator An approach to prevention of sudden coronary ... defibrillator that would automatically sense the onset of ventricular fibrillation and deliver an electric ... would ever become a clinical reality. In 1972 Bernard Lown , the inventor of the externaldefibrillator , stated in the journal Circulation journal Circulation The very rare patient who has ... or ventricular malfunction. In fact, the implanted defibrillator system represents an imperfect solution ... have also been used twice in dogs to prevent sudden death from arrhythmia. The first defibrillator ... Implantable cardioverter defibrillator chest X ray.jpg thumb A normal chest X ray after placement of an ICD ... defibrillator can live full and happy lives. Usually the ICD improves the living conditions of a patient ..., Lee KL, Bardy GH. Quality of life with defibrillator therapy or amiodarone in heart failure. N Engl ... status of patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator and precipitating factors. Pacing ... Defibrillator and their spouses. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention 2007 27 46 ... with an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator. Circulation 2010 122 465 467 ref Physical activities ... Defibrillator Implantation Trial MADITII trial showed benefit of ICD treatment in patients after ... thoracotomy with defibrillator patches applied to the epicardium or pericardium . The device was attached ... Cameron Health Medtronic St Jude Medical Sorin Group Biotronik Wearable cardioverter defibrillator Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator Samuel Sears Notes Reflist 35em References Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark ... more details
Infobox software name Automated Build Studio logo Image Abs img.jpg 300px screenshot File Automated Build Studio Macro.gif 300px Automated Build Studio screenshot developer SmartBear Software released Start date 2004 by AutomatedQA latest release version 6.20 latest release date May 10, 2011 language English status Active license Proprietary software Proprietary website http smartbear.com products development tools build management http smartbear.com products development tools build management Portal Software Testing Automated Build Studio developed by SmartBear Software ref http smartbear.com products development tools build management ref is a Build management build and Release Management release management system that provides automation of the software development Build automation build , test and release processes. Current version contains over 780 built in operations that allow users to automate different tasks. ref http smartbear.com products development tools build management operations ref ref http www.insidercoding.com post 2009 06 04 Automated Build Studio.aspx ref Main Features Visual Macro Designer helps to create visually constructed macros. 780 built in operations a variety of automated builds that run unattended. Distributed build support lets users distribute the execution of macro operations among multiple computers. Remote Macro Execution Control running macros ... runs over a desired period of time. Tasks Scheduler is a key feature for creation of automated daily ... the desired macro name in Build Studio s command line. Supported Tools Automated Build Studio ... SmartBear Div col end References Reflist External links http smartbear.com products development tools build management Automated Build Studio http smartbear.com forums Automated Build Studio forum http www.softpedia.com get Programming Other Programming Files Automated Build Studio.shtml Automated ... 8867 4355 a9b4 68c07e2bc38c Automated Build Studio and Microsoft Visual Studio DEFAULTSORT Automated ... more details
Automated reasoning is an area of computer science and mathematical logic dedicated to understand different aspects of reasoning . The study in automated reasoning helps produce software which allows computers to reason completely, or nearly completely, automatically. Although automated reasoning is considered ... science and even philosophy . The most developed subareas of automated reasoning are automated theorem proving and the less automated but more pragmatic subfield of interactive theorem proving and automated ... of minimality and consistency are applied on top of the more standard automated deduction. John Pollock s Oscar system is an example of an automated argumentation system that is more specific than being just an automated theorem prover. Tools and techniques of automated reasoning include ... of formal logic played a big role in the field of automated reasoning which itself led to the development ... of 1957, which brought together a large number of logicians and computer scientists, as the origin of automated reasoning, or automated deduction . ref name cornell http www.cs.cornell.edu info projects nuprl Intro AutoDeduction autoded.html Automated Deduction AD , The Nature of PRL Project . Retrieved ... and Early History of Automated Deduction, in Automation of Reasoning, eds. Siekmann and Wrightson, vol. 1, 1 28 at p. 15 ref . Automated reasoning, although a significant and popular area of research ... automated proof assistant, which can automatically extract executable programs from specifications ... . Retrieved 2010 10 23 ref Applications Automated reasoning has been most commonly used to build automated theorem provers. In some cases such provers have come up with new approaches to proving a theorem ... than the one provided by Whitehead and Russel. Automated reasoning programs are being applied to solve ..., software and hardware verification, circuit design, and many others. The Automated theorem proving ... a competition among automated theorem provers held regularly at the Conference on Automated ... more details
Automated mining involves the removal of human labor from the mining process. ref http www.theaustralian.com.au business mining energy rio to trial automated mining story e6frg9df 1111115351260 Rio to trial automated mining at The Australian ref References reflist Robo stub Mining stub Category Emerging technologies Category Industrial automation Category Mining techniques ... more details
Automated restaurant or robotic restaurant is a restaurant that uses robot s to do tasks such as delivering food and drinks to the tables and or to cook the food. Such a robots are hired to replace Employment human labour such as waiter s and chef s . Existing automated restaurants Fritz s Railroad Restaurant Fritz s Railroad Restaurant is a restaurant located in Kansas City, Missouri . Orders at the restaurant are called in from the booths on a telephone and delivered via a overhead rail system called Skat Cat . A mechanical arm stops the orders at the platform above the tables, which then lowers to deliver the food. Actual humans bring the drinks. ref http www.kansastravel.org kansascitykansas ftitzrailroad.htm Fritz s Railroad Restaurant ref s Baggers Restaurant s Baggers Restaurant is a restaurant located in Nuremberg , Germany . The restaurant features a metallic tracks that sends food and drinks directly to the tables. Customers order on touch screen s, swipe their cards on built in readers, and wait for their food with a read out that shows when the food is expected to be delivered. ref http www.engadget.com 2007 08 27 fully automated restaurant opens in germany Fully automated restaurant opens in Germany ref FuA Men Restaurant FuA Men Fully Automated raMen Restaurant is a ramen restaurant located in Nagoya , Japan . The restaurant features a fully autonomous robotic chef and assistant chef. The robots perform all of the cooking tasks needed to make 80 bowls per day, serve the customers who come to the small restaurant and entertain in a stand up comedy play during the customers dining experience. They also spin dishes and perform mock duels. The restaurant sells a regular noodle bowl with a pork broth based soup which is made in about a minute and forty seconds. Although it has yet to make a profit, diners note that they cannot tell the difference in taste. ref ... restaurant References Reflist External links http www.sbaggers.de s Baggers official website http ... more details
Orphan date April 2008 Context date November 2009 In a diagram from the book The Automated Society , ref Bloomfield, Masse, The Automated Society , Masefield Books, 1995. ref Bloomfield defines the history of man beginning over two million years ago and ending over a hundred thousand years in the future. The diagram is base on biological punctuated equilibrium and a parallel cultural evolution . The predictions of the future follow what has happened in the past. The diagram of history shows mankind having long periods of stability interrupted with short periods of transition. Mankind is currently experiencing one of those short periods of transition, from a stable agricultural period going through a transitional industrial society leading to a stable automated period. Productivity is the key to the transition when it is impossible to increase productivity, mankind will have arrived at the automated society. Before mankind enters the automated society, we will suffer from two near term trends. One trend is the relentlessly increasing number of human beings. The second is the relentlessly decreasing number of jobs. Jobs will be eliminated by substituting men with machines. An example of this is agriculture where once in the peasant society there were ninety percent of the people working as farmers. With the introduction of tractors, only three percent of Americans work on the farm. Once the problems of the lack of jobs, increased pollution and fewer natural resources are solved and the food factory put in operation, there should be a reconciliation of man to automation . In the automated society, men will live in affluence along with a total control of population . The one place where man will have an unlimited future will be in space. Space can provide for an unlimited increase in population and potentially the introduction of new human biological species. See also Automation ... books the automated society The Automated Society by Masse Bloomfield DEFAULTSORT Automated ... more details
An automated analyser is a medical laboratory instrument designed to measure different chemicals and other characteristics in a number of biological Sample material samples quickly, with minimal human assistance. File Cobas 6000.ogv thumb Cobas 6000 File Cobas u 411.JPG thumb Cobas u 411 File LabMachines.jpg thumb File RACKS.jpg thumb Racks for putting samples, quality controls or calibrations. Cobas 6000 File Tube vacuette.jpg thumb These tubes are put in the racks for testing These measured properties of blood and other fluids may be useful in the diagnosis of disease. Many methods of introducing samples into the analyser have been invented. This can involve placing test tube s of sample into rack s, which can be moved along a track, or inserting tubes into circular carousels that rotate to make the sample available. Some analysers require samples to be transferred to sample cups. However, the effort to protect the health and safety of laboratory staff has prompted many manufacturers to develop analysers that feature closed tube sampling, preventing workers from direct exposure to samples., ref http www.beckman.com literature ClinDiag AU 209389 20Tanner 20Case 20Study.pdf ref ref ... in 1959 sup 1 sup . AutoAnalyzer is an automated analyzer using a special flow technique named ... blood count s, erythrocyte sedimentation rate s ESRs , or coagulation tests. Cell counters Automated ... by many analysers, giving an alternative to time consuming manual counts. Many automated ... by a medical laboratory professional. Coagulometers Automated coagulation machines or Coagulometers ... ref has spurred manufacturers to develop automated systems for even these rarely performed tests. Analysers ... category Automated analysers Medical technologist Notes 1. Rosenfeld, Louis. Four Centuries of Clinical ... links WILL BE DELETED. See Wikipedia External links & Wikipedia Spam for details. If there are already ... using the dmoz template. No more links DEFAULTSORT Automated Analyser Category Laboratory ... more details
Image Best Buy Express.jpg thumb A Best Buy Express vending machine at an airport terminal, stocked with electronics Automated retail is the category of self service , standalone kiosks in heavily trafficked establishments such as airports, malls and resorts. ref http www.retailcustomerexperience.com article 21514 The Body Shop deploying automated retail shops The Body Shop deploying automated retail shops . RetailCustomerExperience.com. Retrieved on 2011 06 15. ref The kiosks are usually a turn key solution with the necessary hardware, technology and services required to maintain an automated, small footprint retail store. Consumers select products using a touchscreen interface, pay for purchases using a credit or debit card and then the product is dispensed, sometimes via an internal robotic arm in the machine. ref Alyssa, Bary. 2005 10 24 http www.pcmag.com article2 0,2817,1876717,00.asp Zoom Systems Offers iPod Vending Machines News & Opinion . PCMag.com. Retrieved on 2011 06 15. ref ZoomShops and Redbox and Automated Stores are examples. ref http www.sj r.com features x1598947943 Now available at vending machines GPS iPods cameras Now available at vending machines GPS, iPods, cameras ... . sj r.com. July 24, 2010 ref See also Automated teller machine ATM Kiosks Vending machine Notes reflist Category Retailing ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2009 The Automated Mathematician AM is one of the earliest successful discovery system s. It was created by Doug Lenat in Lisp programming language Lisp , and in 1977 led to Lenat being awarded the IJCAI Computers and Thought Award . AM worked by generating and modifying short Lisp programs which were then interpreted as defining various mathematical concepts for example, a program that tested equality between the length of two lists was considered to represent the concept of numerical equality, while a program that produced a list whose length was the product of the lengths of two other lists was interpreted as representing the concept of multiplication. The system had elaborate heuristics for choosing which programs to extend and modify, based on the experiences of working mathematicians in solving mathematical problems. Controversy Lenat claimed that the system was composed of hundreds of data structures called concepts, together with hundreds of heuristic rules and a simple flow of control AM repeatedly selects the top task from the agenda and tries to carry it out. This is the whole control structure Yet the heuristic rules were not always represented as separate data structures some had to be intertwined with the control flow logic. Some rules had preconditions that depended on the history, or otherwise could not be represented in the framework of the explicit rules. What s more, the published versions of the rules often involve vague terms that are not defined further, such as If two expressions are structurally similar, ... Rule 218 or ... replace the value obtained by some other very similar value... Rule 129 . Another source of information is the user ... that generated enough short Lisp programs would generate ones that could be interpreted by an external ... Lenat Computer assisted proof Automated theorem proving Symbolic mathematics Experimental mathematics External links Edmund Furse http www.comp.glam.ac.uk pages staff efurse Abstracts Why did AM halt.html ... more details
Automated mineralogy is a generic term describing a range of analytical solution s, areas of commercial enterprise , and a growing field of scientific research and engineering applications involving largely automated and wikt quantitative quantitative analysis of mineral s, rock geology rock s and man made materials. Technology Automated Mineralogy analytical solutions are characterised by integrating largely automated measurement techniques based on Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM and Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy EDS . Commercially available Automated Mineralogy solutions include the QEMSCAN and Mineral Liberation Analyzer Mineral Liberation Analyzer MLA from FEI Company and the portable RoqSCAN system from Fugro Robertson and Carl Zeiss. Business The business of Automated Mineralogy is concerned with the commercialisation of the technology and software in terms of development and provision of integrated solutions. This includes all aspects of Customer service service Maintenance, repair and operations maintenance customer support R&D marketing and sales . Customers of Automated Mineralogy solutions include laboratory laboratory facilities Mining mine sites and research institute research institutions . Applications Automated Mineralogy solutions are applied in a variety of fields requiring statistically reliable, quantitative mineralogical information. These include the following sectors mining ref Goodall, W.R., Scales, P.J., Butcher, A.R. 2005. The use of QEMSCAN ..., Wiltshire, P.E.J., Newberry, J., Campbell, H.E. 2005. Automated SEM EDS QEMSCAN Mineral Analysis in Forensic ... of ancient ceramics using automated SEM EDS analysis QEMSCAN A pilot study on LB I pottery from ... The first use of the term automated mineralogy in a technical journal can be traced back to seminal ... of automated quantitative mineralogy in mineral processing . Minerals Engineering , 4 , 7 11 ... RoqSCAN www.fugro robertson.com roqscan References reflist DEFAULTSORT Automated Mineralogy Category ... more details
Multiple issues orphan February 2012 notability February 2012 refimprove February 2012 The Automated Bureaucracy is a new organizational structure that presents as an alternative to traditional organizational forms, especially to those related to mechanist or mechanized formats. As a model, it is presented as a supplement to Henry Mintzberg s classification on organizational forms and would be the sixth configuration, or the sixth organizational form, in addition to the five proposed by H. Mintzberg. ref Oliveira, Nelio. Automated Organizations development and structure of the modern business firm. Heidelberg Physica Springer Verlag, 2012 ref Antecedents In 1970s, Professor Henry Mintzberg, a renowned academic, offered an organizational classification comprising five basic configurations. ref Mintzberg, Henry. The Structuring of Organizations a synthesis of the research. Englewood Cliffs Prentice Hall, 1979. ref Such configurations would explain the formats or structures used in organizations in accordance with a large number of conditions and structural possibilities 1 the Simple Structure relates to small organizations 2 the Machine Bureaucracy relates to mass production companies and taylorist and fordist work methods 3 the Divisionalized Form is used by companies that operate in diverse markets, whether related to different types of products or different geographic areas 4 the Professional Bureaucracy is common in organizations such as hospitals and universities and 5 the Adhocracy ... of the Automated Bureaucracy Since Professor Mintzberg presented his classification, many ... kinds of technology now available. In the face of the new conditions, the Automated Bureaucracy ... companies, although it cannot be characterized as an Adhocracy. Characteristics of the Automated Bureaucracy In the Automated Bureaucracy, many activities have been automatized and they are integrated ... considering suppliers and customers. The human activities in the Automated Bureaucracy are 1 monitoring ... more details
unreferenced date October 2008 In telephony , an automated attendant also auto attendant , auto attendant , autoattendant or AA , or virtual receptionist allows callers to be automatically transferred to an extension without the intervention of an Telephone operator operator receptionist . Many AAs will also offer a simple menu system for sales, press 1, for service, press 2, etc. . An auto attendant may also allow a caller to reach a live operator by dialing a number, usually 0 . Typically the auto attendant is included in a business s phone system such as a Private branch exchange PBX , but some services allow businesses to use an AA without such a system. Modern AA services which now overlap with more complicated interactive voice response or IVR systems can route calls to mobile phones , VoIP VoIP virtual phones , other AAs IVRs, or other locations using traditional Plain old telephone service land line phones . Feature Description On a purely technical level it could be argued that an automated attendant is a very simple kind of IVR , however in the telecom industry the terms IVR and Auto Attendant are generally considered distinct. An Automated Attendant serves a very specific purpose replace live operator and route calls , whereas an IVR can perform all sorts of functions telephone banking, account inquiries, etc. . An AA will often include a directory which will allow a caller to dial by name in order to find user on a system. There is no standard format to these directories, and they can use combinations of first name, last name, or both. The following lists common routing steps that are components of an automated attendant any other routing steps would probably be more suitable to an IVR Transfer to Extension Transfer to Voicemail Play Message i.e. our address is ... Go To a Sub Menu Repeat Choices In addition, an Automated Attendant would be expected to have ... will depend entirely on the particular automated attendant, but typically there would be a normal greeting ... more details
An automated whitelist is a whitelist which was created and or is maintained by a system that analyzes bi directional email. Use by anti spam systems An automated whitelist is a whitelist which is created or maintained by a system that monitors incoming and or outgoing email , and based on preset criteria, will add or remove entries from the whitelist without a need for human intervention. Optionally, some automated whitelisting systems can review records of past email communications which were previously stored within an email server s or email client s archives for inclusion in the whitelist. This functionality is an enhancement to creating a whitelist manually , such as exporting customer, vendor, friends, or other contact lists from various sources, to then tediously assemble them into a whitelist. Additionally, the use of such a system removes the difficult task of maintaining a whitelist as new email relationships are formed. How it works P. Oscar Boykin and Vwani Roychowdhury of the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California point out, We exploit the properties of social networks to construct an automated anti spam tool which processes an individual user s personal email network to simultaneously identify the user s core trusted networks of friends, as well as subnetworks generated by spams and http xxx.lanl.gov abs cond mat 0402143v1 their extensive research discovers a surprisingly effective technique with superior levels of accuracy and automation they go on to explain, it requires no user intervention or supervised training second, it results in no false negatives i.e., spam being misclassified as non spam, or vice versa. ref Boykin, P., Roychowdhury, V. Personal Email Networks An Effective Anti Spam Tool , IEEE Computer, Vol. 38, No. 4, pages ... to require all outgoing email to be funneled through their system for analysis and automated inclusion ... describing the functionality and use of an automated whitelist are specifically tied to a particular ... more details
Infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name Automated Alice title orig translator image prefer 1st edition image caption author Jeff Noon illustrator Harry Trumbore cover artist country Great Britain language English language English series Vurt series genre Science fiction Cyberpunk publisher Doubleday publisher Doubleday release date 1996 english release date media type Print Paperback & Hardcover Hardback pages isbn ISBN 0 385 40808 0 first edition, paperback oclc 37155563 preceded by Pollen novel Pollen followed by Nymphomation Automated Alice is a fantastical book by United Kingdom British author Jeff Noon , first published in 1996. The book follows Alice s travels to a future Manchester city populated by Newmonians , Civil Serpents and a vanishing cat. The book was written as both the third book in the Vurt series and the trequel to the famous Lewis Carroll books, Alice s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass . Plot summary The story of Automated Alice tells of the character of Alice s Adventures in Wonderland Alice from Lewis Carroll Lewis Carroll s books in a future version of Manchester , England . After following her Great Aunt Ermintrude s parrot Whippoorwill through a grandfather clock, Alice and Alice s doll Celia get lost in a world inhabited by Newmonians , entities made from two objects combined, for example a zebra and a human . Characters Expand section date June 2008 Alice Category Novels by Jeff Noon Category Books based on Alice in Wonderland Category 1996 novels Category Steampunk novels Category British science fiction novels Category Novels set in Manchester 1990s sf novel stub ... more details
wiktionary external An external cost or benefit is an impact on any party not directly involved in an economic decision. External may also refer to External mathematics , a concept in abstract algebra Externals , a fictional group of X Men antagonists See also lookfrom External disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The external sector refers to a basket of economic measures regarding any individual country . These measures include Balance of payments Current account Capital account or financial account Foreign direct investment Portfolio investment Other investment External debt Average exchange rate of private external debt Government debt Debt service Reserves assets International investment position Export price index and import price index DEFAULTSORT External Sector Category Economics terminology Economic term stub ... more details
unreferenced date December 2007 The term external is useful for describing certain algebraic structures. The term comes from the concept of an Binary operation External binary operations external binary operation which is a binary operation that draws from some external set . To be more specific, a left external binary operation on S over R is a function math f R times S rightarrow S math and a right external binary operation on S over R is a function math f S times R rightarrow S math where S is the set the operation is defined on, and R is the external set the set the operation is defined over . Generalizations The external concept is a generalization rather than a specialization, and as such, it is different ... S math Binary operation External binary operations external binary operation Examples dynamical ... , multiplication , permutation permutations , and the cross product . External monoids Since monoid s are defined in terms of binary operations , we can define an external monoid in terms of external binary operations . For the sake of simplicity, unless otherwise specified, a left external binary operation is implied. Using the term external , we can make the generalizations An external magma mathematics magma math S, times math over R is a set S with an external binary operation. This satisfies math r times s in S math for all math s in S, r in R math external closure mathematics closure . An external semigroup math S, times math over math R, cdot math is an external magma that satisfies ... associative . An external monoid math S, times math over math R, cdot math is an external ... has external identity element . Modules as external rings Much of the machinery of module mathematics ... yet is their distribution axioms. The external ring multiplication math otimes math is externally ... in R math Using these terminology we can make the following local generalizations An external semiring ... math and an external monoid math S, otimes math where math otimes math is externally distributive ... more details
External lamina is a structure similar to basal lamina that surrounds the sarcolemma of muscle cells. It is secreted by myocytes and consists primarily of Collagen type IV , laminin and perlecan heparan sulfate proteoglycan . Nerve cells, including perineurial cells and Schwann cells also have an external lamina like protective coating. ref Wheater s Functional Histology, 5th ed. Young, Lowe, Stevens and Heath. ref Adipocytes also have an external lamina References reflist Category Skin anatomy Category Histology med stub ... more details
External Risks In Contract Law In contract law , are risks that are produced by a non human source and are beyond human control. They are unexpected but happen regularly enough in a general population to be broadly predictable, and may be the subject of casualty insurance . Good examples of external risks are natural disasters such as earthquakes and volcanoes . In Project Management In project management Risks that are external to the project and the project manager cannot control. Good examples of external risks are changes in government legislation , changes in strategy from senior managers, and the economy . References Giddens, Anthony 1999 . Risk and Responsibility . Modern Law Journal , Vol. 62 No. 1, p. 4. See also Force majeure Act of God Mutual assent Contract law Impossibility Category Contract law Category Tort law Category Insurance law term stub ... more details
In the theory of capital structure , External financing is the phrase used to describe Financial capital funds that firms obtain from outside of the firm. It is contrasted to internal financing which consists mainly of profits retained by the firm for investment. There are many kinds of external financing. The two main ones are equity issues, IPO s or Seasoned equity offering SEO s , but trade credit is also considered external financing as are accounts payable , and tax es owed to the government . External financing is generally thought to be more expensive than internal financing , because the firm often has to pay a transaction cost to obtain it. See also Internal financing Capital structure Finance Category Financial markets Category Debt de Fremdfinanzierung ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin capsula externa GraySubject 189 GrayPage 837 Image Telencephalon Horiconatal.jpg Caption Horizontal section of right cerebral hemisphere. Capsula externa label visible at right. Image2 Gray753.png Caption2 Deep dissection of cortex and brain stem. External capsule visible at center. IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 235 MeshName MeshNumber The external capsule is a series of white matter fiber tracts in the brain . These fibers run between the most lateral toward the side of the head segment of the lentiform nucleus and the claustrum . The external capsule is a route for cholinergic fibers from the basal forebrain to the cerebral cortex . The external capsule eventually joins the internal capsule around the lenticular nucleus. Additional images gallery Image Gray682.png Superficial dissection of brain stem. Lateral view. Image Gray689.png Superficial dissection of brain stem. Ventral view. Image Gray691.png Dissection of brain stem. Dorsal view. File Slide5gg.JPG External capsule File Slide7kk.JPG External capsule gallery External links RocheLexicon 13048.000 2 http www.sph.sc.edu comd rorden anatomy na wm.html Image at Univ. of South Carolina neuroanatomy stub Basal ganglia Category Cerebrum ja ... more details
nofootnotes date May 2009 Interventions infobox Name PAGENAME Image External Fixator.JPG Caption An example of an external fixator which is being used in the treatment of a Bone fracture fractured Radius bone radius bone. ICD10 ICD9 78.1, 79,93.51 93.56, 93.59 MeshID D016267 OPS301 OtherCodes HCPCSlevel2 External fixation is a surgical treatment used to set bone fractures in which a cast would not allow ... of surgery must be performed. Installation of the external fixator is performed in an operating room, normally under general anesthesia. Removal of the external frame and bolts usually requires special wrenches and can be done with no anesthesia in an office visit. External fixation is usually ... solution. External fixation is also used in limb lengthening. People with short limbs can have, for example ... under anesthesia. External fixator pins or wires as above are placed each side of the man made fracture and the external metal apparatus is used to very gradually push the two sides of the bone apart ... months. In most cases it may be necessary for the external fixator to be in place for many weeks or even ... weight through fracture by walking on it, for example, with the added support of the external fixator frame actually helps fractures to heal. History Image External fixator xray.jpg thumbnail 300px an X ray image of an external fixator being used for reduction of a broken bone, in this case ... years ago Hippocrates described a form of external fixation to splint a fracture of the tibia. The device ... of Antwerp, Belgium independently invented the modern concept of unilateral external fixation ... were essential to make the external fixator more clinically relevant. He developed a technique based ... by crossing X pins inserted through the bone and limb. The external rings are linked to each other ... Internal fixator Distraction osteogenesis Bone fracture Trauma surgery Traumatology External links http www.ilizarov.org.uk The Ilizarov and External Fixator Wearer s Support Group http www.bonefixator.com ... more details
An external degree is a Academic degree degree offered by a university to students who have not been required to be physically present within the geographic territory of the institution. These undergraduates may be called external students and may study at classes unconnected with the university, or independently, or by distance learning . They may obtain the degree by passing examinations once they have reached the required standard, or by having successfully completed a programme put together from various courses or modules. In 1858 the University of London became the first English university to offer external degrees, holding exams open to people in other cities, or to London students who had attended evening classes. In various UK towns university college s were established, where students could study towards a London external degree. The colleges were among the approved centres for London s exams. Soon centres overseas were approved, starting with one in Mauritius in 1865. References Malcolm Tight, Higher Education A Part Time Perspective OU 1991 http www.londonexternal.ac.uk about us history.shtml History of University of London External Programme See also Lady Literate in Arts DEFAULTSORT External Degree Category Distance education education stub kk ru uk ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
