Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A Theta structure is an intermediate structure formed during the DNA replication replication of a circular DNA molecule prokaryote DNA , two replication fork s can proceed independently around the DNA ring and when viewed from above it resembles the Greek letter theta . Originally discovered by John Cairns biochemist John Cairns , it led to the understanding that in this case bidirectional DNA replication could take place. Proof of the bidirectional nature came from providing replicating cells with a pulse of tritium Analytical chemistry tritiated thymidine , quenching rapidly and then autoradiograph ing. Results showed that the radioactive thymidine was incorporated into both forks of the theta structure, not just one, indicating synthesis at both forks, in opposite directions around the loop. DEFAULTSORT Theta Structure Category DNA replication Molecular biology stub ... more details
Restriction Landmark Genomic Scanning or RLGS is a genome analysis method that allows for rapid simultaneous visualization of thousands of landmarks, or restriction enzyme restriction sites . Using a combination of restriction enzyme s some of which are specific to epigenetics DNA modifications , the technique can be used to visualize differences in DNA methylation methylation levels across the genome of a given organism. ref cite journal title Restriction Landmark Genome Scanning journal Methods in Molecular Biology date 2002 03 01 first last coauthors Joseph F. Costello, Christoph Plass, Webster K. Cavenee volume 200 issue pages 53 70 doi 10.1385 1 59259 182 5 053 url http www.springerprotocols.com Abstract doi 10.1385 1 59259 182 5 053 format accessdate 2009 01 30 pmid 11951655 last1 Costello first1 JF isbn 1 59259 182 5 ref RLGS employs direct labeling of DNA , which is first cut by a specific series of restriction enzymes, and then labeled by a radioactive isotope usually phosphorus phosphorus 32 . A two dimensional gel electrophoresis two dimensional electrophoresis process is then employed, yielding high resolution results. The radioactive second dimension gel is then allowed to expose a large sheet of photographic film film . The radiation produced by the radioactive labeling will cause the film to be exposed wherever the restriction fragments have migrated during electrophoresis. The film is then developed, yielding a visual representation of the results in the form of an autoradiograph . The same combination of restriction enzymes will produce the same pattern of spots from samples from the same organisms, but different patterns for different types of organism. For example, human and mouse DNA will produce distinctly different patterns when treated with the same combination of enzymes. These finished auto rads can be examined against each other, revealing any changes in gene expression that lead to visual differences in the film. Each autoradiograph contai ... more details
Infobox Journal title Biotechnic & Histochemistry editor G.S. Nettleton discipline Biotechnology abbreviation Biotech. Histochem. formernames Stain Technology publisher Informa country frequency Bimonthly history 1926 present openaccess impact 0.667 impact year 2009 website http www.informapharmascience.com bih link1 http informahealthcare.com toc bih current link1 name Online access link2 http informahealthcare.com loi bih link2 name Online archive RSS http informahealthcare.com action showFeed?ui 0&mi 3favuw&ai 1mct&jc bih&type etoc&feed rss atom JSTOR OCLC 22173428 LCCN 91641272 CODEN BIHIEU ISSN 1052 0295 eISSN 1473 7760 Biotechnic & Histochemistry is a Peer review peer reviewed scientific journal that covers all aspects of immunohistochemistry histochemistry and microtechnic in the biological sciences from botany to cell biology to medicine. It is published bimonthly in print and online by Informa on behalf of the Biological Stain Commission . The journal was established in 1925 as Stain Technology before obtaining its current title in 1991. The editor in chief is G.S. Nettleton. ref cite web url http www.informahealthcare.com page EditorialAdvisoryBoard?journalCode bih title Editorial Board Members accessdate 2009 09 16 format publisher Informa ref Scope Coverage includes Cytochemical probes Autoradiograph y Microscopy Light & electron microscope electron microscopy Tissue culture Image analysis Cytogenetics Abstracting and indexing Biotechnic & Histochemistry is abstracted and indexed by Index Medicus MEDLINE , Current Contents Life Sciences, Science Citation Index , and EMBASE EMBASE Excerpta Medica . According to the Journal Citation Reports , its 2009 impact factor is 0.667. References reflist External links Official website http www.informahealthcare.com bih http www.biologicalstaincommission.org The Biological Stain Commission Homepage Category Publications established in 1926 Category Biotechnology journals Category Histology Category Bimonthly journals ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE 2 Deoxy small D small glucose chembox Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 446636166 Name 2 Deoxy small D small glucose Reference ref Merck Index , 11th Edition, 2886 . ref ImageFile 2 Deoxy D glucose.png ImageSize 200px ImageName 2 Deoxy D glucose IUPACName 4 R ,5 S ,6 R 6 hydroxymethyl oxane 2,4,5 triol OtherNames 2 Deoxyglucose br 2 Deoxy small D small mannose br 2 Deoxy small D small arabino hexose br 2 DG Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 154 17 6 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII 9G2MP84A8W ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 388402 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C6H12O5 c7 2 4 6 10 3 8 1 5 9 11 4 h3 10H,1 2H2 t3 ,4 ,5?,6 m1 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey PMMURAAUARKVCB CERMHHMHSA N SMILES O C H C CO O C H O C1 C H 1O Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 6 sub H sub 12 sub O sub 5 sub MolarMass 164.16 g mol Density MeltingPt 142 144 C 2 Deoxy small D small glucose is a glucose molecule which has the 2 hydroxyl group replaced by hydrogen, so that it cannot undergo further glycolysis . Glucose hexokinase traps this substance in most cells with exception of liver and kidney Citation needed reason 2 fluorodeoxyglucose is also used for liver tumor diagnosis. date February 2011 so that it makes a good marker for tissue glucose use and hexokinase activity. Many cancers have elevated glucose uptake and hexokinase levels. 2 Deoxyglucose labeled with tritium or carbon 14 has been a popular ligand for laboratory research in animal models, where distribution is assessed by tissue slicing followed by autoradiograph y, sometimes in tandem with either conventional or electron microscopy . 2 DG is uptaken by the glucose transporter s of the cell. Therefore, cells with higher glucose uptake, for example tumor cells, have also a higher uptake of 2 DG. Since 2 DG hampers cell growth, its use as a tumor therapeutic has been suggested, and in f ... more details
Infobox artist bgcolour 6495ED name Dennis Ashbaugh image imagesize caption birth name birth date 1946 birth place Red Oak, Iowa ref name askart death date death place nationality United States American field Abstract art training movement works Agrippa a book of the dead patrons influenced by William Gibson influenced awards Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship ref name askart Dennis John Ashbaugh born 1946 in Red Oak, Iowa is an United States American painting painter and artist from New York . ref name askart ref cite news title Ashbaugh Art Is In the Genes url http www.washingtonpost.com wp dyn content article 2007 02 16 AR2007021601773.html work The Washington Post publisher The Washington Post Company pages C02 date February 17, 2007 accessdate 2008 07 30 ref He is one of the first artists to employ DNA marking patterns in paintings, in his 1992 work Designer Gene . ref name anker cite book last Anker first Suzanne title The Molecular Gaze publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press location Plainview year 2004 isbn 0879696974 pages 31 32 ref Ashbaugh s use of light and colour in his large scale paintings of autoradiograph s have drawn comparison with Mark Rothko . ref name anker He is a Guggenheim Fellowship recipient and has had his work exhibited by the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art , the P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center , the Seattle Art Museum and the Whitney Museum of American Art among others. ref name askart cite web url http www.askart.com AskART artists search ArtistKeywords.aspx?artist 100367 title Dennis John Ashbaugh 1946 accessdate 2008 08 03 work AskART publisher date ref ref name cfba cite web url http www.centerforbookarts.org exhibits archive bio.asp?artistID 436 title The Center for Book Arts Dennis Ashbaugh accessdate 2008 08 03 work The Center for Book Arts publisher date ref Ashbaugh is particularly known for his large portraits of computer viruses and DNA, which have been acquired for the permanent collections of the Hirshhorn Museum , th ... more details
Image Anaplastic astrocytoma gfap very high mag.jpg thumb 350px Micrograph of an immunostained section of a brain tumour. Glial fibrillary acidic protein GFAP immunostain. Immunostaining is a general term in biochemistry that applies to any use of an antibody based method to detect a specific protein in a sample. The term immunostaining was originally used to refer to the immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections, as first described by Albert Coons in 1941. ref name Albert Coons cite journal last Coons first Albert title Immunological properties of an antibody containing a fluorescent group journal Proc Soc Exp Biol Med volume 47 pages 200 202 year 1941 coauthors Creech HJ, Jones, RN ref Now however, immunostaining encompasses a broad range of techniques used in histology , cell biology , and molecular biology that utilise antibody based staining methods. Immunostaining Techniques Immunohistochemistry main Immunohistochemistry Immunohistochemistry or IHC staining of tissue biology tissue sections or immunocytochemistry , which is the staining of cell biology cell s , is perhaps the most commonly applied immunostaining technique. ref name JA Ramos Vara cite journal last Ramos Vara first JA title Technical Aspects of Immunohistochemistry journal Vet Pathol volume 42 pages 405 426 year 2005 doi 10.1354 vp.42 4 405 pmid 16006601 issue 4 ref While the first cases of IHC staining used fluorescence fluorescent dye s see immunofluorescence , other non fluorescent methods using enzyme s such as peroxidase see immunoperoxidase immunoperoxidase staining and alkaline phosphatase are now used. These enzymes are capable of catalysing reactions that give a coloured product that is easily detectable by light microscopy . Alternatively, radioactive decay radioactive chemical element elements can be used as labels, and the immunoreaction can be visualized by autoradiograph y. ref name IHC world website http www.ihcworld.com introduction.htm Immunohistochemistry Introduction Bot ... more details
, 1963. ref See Autoradiograph of intact replicating chromosome of E.coli http www.gsbs.utmb.edu microbook ... by using autoradiograph y and examining the developed film microscopically. This allowed ... more details
Genetic engineering also known as recombinant DNA technology, genetic modification manipulation GM , and gene splicing are terms that apply to the direct manipulation of an organism s genes. Articles related to genetic engineering include CompactTOC8 name Contents top no center yes num yes refs no extlinks no 0 9 5 cap A Acentric chromosome Achondroplasia Active site Adam s Curse Adaptation biology Adaptation Adenine Adenosine Adenosine diphosphate Adenovirus Adenosine diphosphate ADP Alpha linolenic acid Ala Alagille syndrome Albino Alcoholism Alkylating agent Allele Allele frequency Alleles Allopolyploid Allosteric protein Allozyme Alternative splicing Altruism Alu family Alzheimer s disease Amber codon Ames test Amino acid Amino acid sequence Amino acids Amniocentesis Amorphous Adenosine monophosphate AMP Amphidiploid Amplifier Amplification Anagenesis Anaphase Aneuploid Aneuploid cell Aneuploidy Angelman syndrome Angiosperm Animal model Annealing biology Annealing Annotation Antibody Anticipation genetics Anticipation Anticoding strand Anticodon Antigen Antimorph Antiparallel biochemistry Antiparallel Antisense Antisense RNA Antisense strand Antisense therapy AP endonuclease AP site Apert syndrome Apoptosis Applied genetics Arginine Tissue microarray Arrayed library Ascospore Ascus Asexual spore Asn Aspartic acid Asp Assembly genetics Assembly Assortative mating Asymptomatic carrier Atavism Adenosine triphosphate ATP Attenuator genetics Attenuator Autogamy Autopolyploid Autoradiograph Autoradiography Autosomal dominant Autosome Autotroph Auxotroph Auxotrophic mutant Axoneme B B form DNA Bacillus Back mutation Backcross Bacteria Bacterial lawn Bacteriophage Balbiani ring Barr body Basal body Nucleobase Base Base analogue Base pair Base pairs Base sequence Batesian mimicry Bayesian analysis Bead theory Behavioral genetics Behavioural genetics Beta galactosidase Bimodal distribution Binary fission Binomial expansion Binomial theorem Biochemical genetics Biochemistr ... more details
Coord 11.6 165.5 type event display title Infobox Nuclear weapons test name Operation Crossroads picture Operation Crossroads Baker Edit.jpg picture description Mushroom shaped cloud and water column from the underwater Baker nuclear explosion of July 25, 1946. Photo taken from a tower on Bikini Island, 3.5 mi 5.6 km away. The Wilson cloud lifts, revealing the full spray column. The battleship USS Arkansas BB 33 Arkansas is right of column, along with other ships. country United States test site Pacific Proving Grounds period July 1946 number of tests 2 test type ubl Atmospheric Able Underwater Baker device type Fission max yield convert 23 ktonTNT lk in previous test Trinity nuclear test Trinity next test Operation Sandstone Operation Crossroads was a series of nuclear weapon tests conducted by the United States and nuclear weapons United States at Bikini Atoll in mid 1946. It was the first test of a nuclear weapon after the Trinity nuclear test Trinity nuclear test in July 1945. Its purpose was to investigate the effect of nuclear weapons on naval ships. Crossroads consisted of two detonations, each with a yield of 23 kilotons ref name proceedings Harvnb Daly 1986 . Note the bomb yields are often reported as 21 kilotons, but the figure of 23 kilotons is used consistently throughout this article. ref Able was detonated at an altitude of 520 feet 158 m on July 1, 1946 Baker was detonated 90 feet 27 m underwater on July 25, 1946. A third burst, Charlie , planned for 1947, was canceled primarily because of the Navy s inability to decontaminate the target ship s after the Baker test. Crossroads Charlie was rescheduled as Operation Wigwam , a deep water shot conducted in 1955 off the California coast,. ref Trinity and Beyond feature length video dir. Peter Kuran 1995 ref The Crossroads tests were the fourth and fifth nuclear explosions conducted by the United States following the Trinity test and the bombings of Atomic bombings of ... more details
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