CompuServe s Bprotocol , also known as CIS B , is a file transfer protocol computing protocol developed for their commercial online service CIS in 1981. The protocol was later expanded in the B Plus or QuickB version. It was a fairly advanced protocol for its era, supporting efficient transfers of files ... side packages. Since Bprotocol was designed only to work within the CompuServe, most third party ... in conjunction with online services. Description The original version of the BProtocol was an outgrowth of an earlier bi directional protocol introduced in 1979, adding options for including a standardized command structure in the stream. This protocol was intended for use by a custom online terminal built by Tandy Corporation Tandy , but this project was abandoned. The protocol was later expanded in the B Plus version, although there were two revisions of this version. B Plus focussed .... The following description is based on the B Plus documentation, and does not explicitly refer to the earlier and rare B. Packet structure B Plus is a sliding window protocol with variable sized ..., The CompuServe B Plus Protocol , 18 November 1993 A zip compressed version of this document is available ... Bprotocol , Dr. Dobb s Journal , Volume 11, Issue 7 July 1986 , pp. 54 59 Category CompuServe ... block sizes and sliding windows were the primary changes in structure between B and B Plus. All potential ... over non 8 bit clean packet services such as Tymnet . B Plus also used any one of four types of error checking. The basic packet structure consisted of five parts B Plus packet structure Lead in tt DLE B tt Sequence 0x30 through 0x39 Body zero to 2048 bytes Trailer tt ETX tt Check Value may ... that the data following is a B Plus packet. The sequence number is a simple way of making sure ... , although it is not clear why this was not supported with other Trailer types. Packet types B Plus ... were used both for data transfer as well as secure delivery of commands and protocol setup ... more details
Wiktionary Protocol may refer to TOCright Society Protocol, etiquette Protocol diplomacy , the etiquette of diplomacy and affairs of state Protocol politics , a formal agreement between nation states The Protocols of the Elders of Zion , an antisemitic tract Kyoto Protocol , a protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Protocol I , an amendment to the Geneva Conventions Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees , a United Nations convention on the status of refugees The arts Protocol band , British band Protocol film , a 1984 comedy film Protocol album , the d but album EP from Simon Phillips Science Protocol natural sciences , a predefined written procedural method of conducting experiments Clinical trial protocol , a document that plans a clinical trial Medical protocol disambiguation , various meanings, most prominently including guidelines for medical treatment Communications Communications protocol , a set of rules & regulations that determine how data is transmitted in telecommunications and computer networking Cryptographic protocol , a protocol for encrypting messages Proprietary protocol , a telecommunications protocol that is patented Quantum cryptography protocol , a protocol for encrypting messages Simple Mail Transfer Protocol , a set of rules for the design of an electronic mail system Computer related AAA protocol , a computer security protocolProtocol Buffers , a serialization format of computer software Protocol object oriented programming , a common means for unrelated objects to communicate with each other Routing protocol , a set of rules that determines how routers shall route communications URI scheme , often referred to as protocol See also Proto List of network protocols disambiguation ar bg ca Protocol cs Protokol da Protokol de Protokoll Begriffskl rung es Protocolo eo Protokolo fr Protocole gl Protocolo ja ko io Protokolo it Protocollo he lt Protokolas reik m s ... more details
A signaling protocol is a type of Communications protocolprotocol used to identify signaling encapsulation networking encapsulation . Signalling telecommunications Signaling is used to identify the state of connection between telephones or VOIP terminals IP telephone or PCs or VoWLAN units . The following is a list of signaling protocols QSIG Session Initiation Protocol H.323 H.225.0 H.248 Media Gateway Control Protocol Megaco Signaling System No. 5 Signaling System No. 7 Dual tone multi frequency signaling Multi frequency R1 R2 signalling NBAP NBAP Node B Application Part Skinny Call Control Protocol SCCP Skinny Call Control Protocol , or Skinny for short Jingle protocol Jingle Q.931 DEFAULTSORT Signaling Protocol Category Network protocols Category Telephony signals de Signalisierungsprotokoll mk ru ... more details
in the Unix world, and Winsock in the Microsoft world. General protocol suite description T T A B C Imagine three computers A , B , and C . A and B both have radio equipment, and can communicate via the airwaves using a suitable network protocol such as IEEE 802.11 . B and C are connected via a cable ... through B . It, therefore, instructs the wireless protocol to transmit the data packet to B . On this computer ...The protocol stack is an implementation of a computer network ing protocol suite . The terms protocol stack and protocol suite are often used interchangeably. Strictly speaking, the suite is the definition ... is a protocol stack? accessdate 2010 02 21 url http www.webopedia.com TERM P protocol stack.html publisher WEBOPEDIA location http www.webopedia.com quote A protocol stack is a set of network protocol layers that work together. The OSI Reference Model that defines seven protocol layers is often called ... cite web title What Is a Protocol Suite? accessdate 2010 02 21 publisher eHow location http www.ehow.com author Bruce Ritter date 2010 01 09 url http www.ehow.com about 5849361 protocol suite .html quote A protocol suite is a collection of communications procedures, broken down into small data packets ... protocol protocols within a suite are often designed with a single purpose in mind. This modularity programming modularization makes design and evaluation easier. Because each protocol module usually ... protocol always deals with low level , physical interaction of the hardware. Every higher layer ... transfers. ref . In practical implementation, protocol stacks are often divided into three major sections media, transport, and applications. ref cite web title What Is a Protocol Suite? accessdate ... 6917772 protocol stack definition.html quote Protocol stacks are made up of individual layers, which ... defines how transport protocol software makes use of particular media and hardware types card drivers . For example, this interface level would define how Internet protocol suite TCP IP transport ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 In computer networking , a wire protocol refers to a way of getting data from point to point A wire protocol is needed if more than one application has to interoperate. ref name Definition cite web accessdate 2011 04 11 location http www.pcmag.com publisher PCMAG.COM title Definition of wire protocol quote 1 In a network, it is the mechanism for transmitting data from point a to point b. It often refers to a distributed object protocol such as SOAP, CORBA or RMI, which is software only and which invokes the running of programs on remote servers. The term is a bit confusing, because it sounds like the physical layer layer 1 of the network that places the bits onto the wire. In some cases, it may refer to this layer however, it generally refers to protocols higher than the physical layer or even the next higher data link layer layer 2 such as Ethernet and ATM. See OSI model, communications protocol, data link protocol and distributed objects. 2 In an electronic system, it refers to the control signals start and stop transfer and architecture serial, parallel, etc. of the bus or channel that transfers data. url http www.pcmag.com encyclopedia term 0 2C2542 2Ct 3Dwire protocol&i 3D54750 2C00.asp ref In contrast to transport protocol s at the transport level like Transmission Control Protocol TCP or User Datagram Protocol UDP , the term wire protocol is used ... application layer protocol and not to a common object semantic of the applications. Such a representation ... encoding scheme like XSD . In electronics , a wire protocol is the mechanism used to transmit data from one point to another. ref name Definition Functionality A wire protocol provides the means for interoperation ... Protocol JRMP for Java remote method invocation RMI SOAP for Web Services AMQP for Message Oriented Middleware References Reflist See also communications protocol line code network protocol Interwikies DEFAULTSORT Wire Protocol Categories Category Application layer protocols Compu network stub ... more details
Yahalom is an authentication and secure key sharing protocol designed for use on an insecure network such as the Internet. Yahalom uses a trusted arbitrator to distribute a shared key between two people. This protocol can be considered as an improved version of Wide Mouth Frog protocol with additional protection against man in the middle attack , but less secure than Needham Schroeder . Protocol description If Alice and Bob Alice A initiates the communication to Bob B with S is a server trusted by both parties, the protocol can be specified as follows using security protocol notation A and B are identities of Alice and Bob respectively math K AS math is a symmetric key known only to A and S math K BS math is a symmetric key known only to B and S math N A math and math N B math are cryptographic nonce nonces generated by A and B respectively math K AB math is a symmetric, generated key, which will be the session key of the session between A and B math A rightarrow B A, N A math Alice sends a message to Bob requesting communication. math B rightarrow S B, A, N A, N B K BS math Bob sends a message to the Server encrypted under math K BS math . math S rightarrow A B, K AB , N A, N B K AS , A, K AB K BS math The Server sends to Alice a message containing the generated session key math K AB math and a message to be forwarded to Bob. math A rightarrow B A, K AB K BS , N B K AB math Alice forwards the message to Bob and verifies math N A math has not changed. Bob will verify math N B math has not changed when he receives the message. The novelty of this protocol is that Bob is the first participant to contact the trusted arbitrator. this sentence is copyvio from Bruce Schneier vlsergey See also Kerberos protocol Kerberos Needham Schroeder Otway Rees Neuman Stubblebine protocol Neuman Stubblebine Wide Mouth Frog protocol References cite book last Schneier first Bruce authorlink Bruce Schneier title Applied Cryptography publisher John Wiley & Sons year 1996 pages 57 58 isbn 0471128457 ... more details
to the first party. Passwords may be sent using the Interlock Protocol between A and B as follows pre A B Ea,b Pa 1 Ea,b Pb 1 Ea,b Pa 2 Ea,b Pb 2 pre where Ea,b M is message M encrypted with the key derived from the Diffie Hellman exchange between A and B, 1 2 denote first and second halves, and Pa Pb are the passwords of A and B. An attacker, Z, could send half of a bogus message P? to elicit Pa from A pre A Z B Ea,z Pa 1 Ea,z P? 1 Ea,z Pa 2 Ez,b Pa 1 Ez,b Pb 1 Ez,b Pa 2 Ez,b Pb 2 pre At this point ... the Interlock Protocol with B opting to instead send his own Mb but then the session would be between A and Z, not A, Z, and B Z wouldn t be in the middle. For this reason, the interlock protocol cannot ...The interlock protocol , as described by Ron Rivest and Adi Shamir , was designed to frustrate eavesdropper attack against two parties that use an anonymous key exchange protocol to secure their conversation. A further paper proposed using it as an authentication protocol, which was subsequently broken ... or passwords. However, the Diffie Hellman key exchange protocol introduced the concept of two parties ... any such prior agreement. Unauthenticated Diffie Hellman, as an anonymous key agreement protocol, has ... date May 2010 mutually authenticated secure channel remained. The Interlock Protocol was described ... their conversation. How it works The Interlock protocol works roughly as follows Alice encrypts ... of her message to Bob, who sends the other half of his. The strength of the protocol lies in the fact ... new message. The Bellovin Merritt Attack Davies and Price proposed the use of the Interlock Protocol .... http www.cs.columbia.edu smb papers interlock.pdf An Attack on the Interlock Protocol When Used .... Forced Latency Interlock Protocol refimprove section date May 2010 A modified Interlock Protocol can require B the server to delay all responses for a known duration pre A B Ka Kb Ea,b Ma 1 Ea,b Mb 1 B delays response a fixed time, T Ea,b Ma 2 Ea,b Mb 2 delay again data pre Where data is the encrypted ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Einstein protocol is a Technical standard standard used for precisely measuring the distance between two objects in outer space space ref http physicsworld.com cws article news 36076 ref . The Einstein protocol of finding the distance between two points is sending light point a to point b and then immediately sending a signal, using light, from point b to point a. The calculations done with this data uses the formula D c t3 t1 2. References references physics stub Category Astrophysics ar ... more details
A lightweight protocol in computer networking is any of a number of communication protocol s that are characterized by a relatively small overhead caused e.g. by bulky metadata in transmitted on top of the functional data Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Lightweight Telephony Protocol Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol Lightweight Presentation Protocol Internet Content Adaptation Protocol Skinny Call Control Protocol OpenLDAP Category Network protocols ... more details
The Sigma Protocol is the name of a novel. Sigma Protocol may also refer to Proof of knowledge Sigma protocols Sigma protocols , a type of cryptographic protocol. disambig ... more details
Infobox Software name Babel logo File Babel logo black.svg 200px description Babel routing protocol developer http www.pps.jussieu.fr jch Juliusz Chroboczek operating system multi platform , File GNU and Tux.svg 42px GNU Linux GNU Linux , BSD Unix, Mac OS X genre Routing Protocol license MIT License website http www.pps.jussieu.fr jch software babel The Babel routing protocol is a distance vector routing protocol for Internet Protocol packet switched networks that is designed to be robust and efficient on both wireless mesh networks and wired networks. Babel is based on the ideas in Destination Sequenced Distance Vector routing DSDV , Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector Routing AODV , and Cisco s Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol EIGRP , but it uses a variant of Expected Transmission Count ETX link cost estimation rather than a simple hop count metric. It employs several techniques to ensure the absence of routing pathologies, such as routing loops. Babel operates on IPv4 and IPv6 networks. It has been reported to be a robust protocol and to have fast convergence properties ref cite journal author M. Abolhasan, B. Hagelstein, J. C. P. Wang title Real world performance of current proactive multi hop mesh protocols year 2009 url http ro.uow.edu.au infopapers 736 ref ref cite journal author David Murray, Michael Dixon and Terry Koziniec title An Experimental Comparison of Routing Protocols in Multi Hop Ad Hoc Networks year 2010 url http bridgingthelayers.org docs murray routing.pdf ref . Two implementations of Babel are freely available the standalone sample implementation, and a version that is integrated into the Quagga software Quagga routing suite ref http mid.gmane.org C65F5932 C69A 41EE 8706 70D37C3950EE wanadoo.fr ref ref http mid.gmane.org 156841327241006 ... Babel a loop free distance vector routing protocol Citation author J. Chroboczek title The Babel Routing Protocol series RFC 6126 year 2011 Category Wireless networking Category Routing Category Routing ... more details
http www.gamepro.com article reviews 215306 alpha protocol archivedate 2010 08 03 ref 1UP B ref cite ...Infobox video game title image File Alpha Protocol cover.jpg 256px caption North American cover developer ... ref http www.giantbomb.com alpha protocol 61 20984 releases ref AU May 28, 2010 PC EU May 28, 2010 ref name Sega Announcement cite web url http blogs.sega.com usa 2010 05 04 alpha protocol has gone gold title Alpha Protocol Has Gone Gold date May 4, 2010 work SEGA America Blog publisher Sega Corporation ... 3 br Xbox 360 Alpha Protocol is an Action role playing game action role playing stealth game ... Another Alpha Protocol Game title Obsidian would like to make another Alpha Protocol Game accessdate ... Alpha Protocol is played from a third person perspective, allowing the player to see Thorton and his ... title Alpha Protocol First Look Preview url http www.videogamer.com xbox360 alpha protocol preview ... 2 cite web url http www.gamesradar.com pc alpha protocol preview alpha protocol first look a 20080422121024489075 g 20080313162151178085 p 2 title Alpha Protocol first look last Porter first Will date ... Protocol is the Dialogue System. This screen shows a typical dialogue sequence players use to decide their progress. Alpha Protocol features numerous characters with whom to interact. Conversations occur ... Protocol Interview last Butts first Steve work IGN publisher IGN IGN Entertainment date October 31 ... 1&cId 3171714&p 37 title Alpha Protocol Preview last Nguyen first Thierry work 1up publisher Hearst ... usa 2008 09 04 alpha protocol round table discussion part 1 title Alpha Protocol Round Table Discussion ... during any given playthrough. Structure Alpha Protocol has a hub structure, in which Thorton must ... ref name GamesRadar Preview 1 cite web url http www.gamesradar.com pc alpha protocol preview alpha protocol first look a 20080422121024489075 g 20080313162151178085 title Alpha Protocol first look ... pc rpg alphaprotocol review.html Alpha Protocol Review gamespot ref Character romance In a similar fashion ... more details
External Machine Interface EMI , an extension to Universal Computer Protocol UCP , is a Communications protocolprotocol primarily used to connect to short message service centre s SMSCs for mobile telephone s. The protocol was developed by CMG company CMG Wireless Data Solutions, now part of Acision . Syntax A typical EMI UCP exchange looks like this B01 00045 O 30 66677789 1 68656C6C6F CE C B01 00041 R 30 A 66677789 180594141236 F3 C The start of the Packet information technology packet is signaled by B STX, hex 02 and the end with C ETX, hex 03 . Fields within the packet are separated by characters. The first four fields form the mandatory header. the third is the operation type O for operation, R for result , and the fourth is the operation here 30, short message transfer . The subsequent fields are dependent on the operation. In the first line above, 66677789 is the recipient s address telephone number and 68656C6C6F is the content of the message, in this case the ASCII string hello . The second line is the response with a matching transaction reference number, where A indicates that the message was successfully acknowledged by the SMSC, and a timestamp is suffixed to the phone number to show time of delivery. The final field is the checksum , calculated simply by summing all bytes in the packet including slashes and taking the 8 least significant bit s from the result. The full specification is available on the LogicaCMG website developers forum, but registration is required. Technical limitations The two digit transaction reference number means that an entity sending text messages can only have 100 outstanding messages per session this can limit performance, but only ... bit, except for a few characters for example underline . Alternatives Short message peer to peer protocol SMPP also provides Short message service SMS over Transmission Control Protocol TCP Internet Protocol ... Category Network protocols de Universal Computer Protocol es EMI protocolo ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 An authentication protocol is a type of cryptographic protocol with the purpose of authentication authenticating entities wishing to communicate securely. There are many different authentication protocols such as AKA security AKA CAVE based authentication Challenge handshake authentication protocol CHAP CRAM MD5 Diameter protocol Diameter Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP Host Identity Protocol HIP Kerberos protocol Kerberos MS CHAP and MS CHAPv2 variants of CHAP LAN Manager NTLM , also known as NT LAN Manager Password authenticated key agreement protocols Password Authentication Protocol PAP Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol PEAP RADIUS Secure Remote Password protocol SRP TACACS and TACACS RFID Authentication Protocols Woo Lam 92 protocol DEFAULTSORT Authentication Protocol Category Computer access control protocols computer security stub Compu network stub ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 orphan date November 2009 Bonding protocol is a generic name for a method of bonding or aggregation of multiple physical links to form a single logical link. Major categories Asynchronous bonding protocol Synchronous bonding protocol See also Inverse multiplexer Link aggregation DEFAULTSORT Bonding Protocol Category Bonding protocols Telecomm stub ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2009 A free protocol is a Protocol computing protocol whose full specification is freely available and for which there are no restrictions e.g. legal or technical on its use. Users may design and use variations that suit their needs, and contribute enhancements for potential incorporation into the next official version of the protocol. A free software reference implementation must be available. Free protocol are important for interoperability and choice of software. Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol XMPP is a free protocol. See also Portal Free software open standard free file format DEFAULTSORT Free Protocol Category Open methodologies Protocol Category Data transmission Category Network protocols Software type stub ... more details
original form to the topmodule of system B. ref Comer 2000, Sect. 11.3 The Conceptual Layers Of Protocol ...other uses Protocol disambiguation Very long date April 2011 A communications protocol is a system of digital ... systems and in telecommunications . A protocol may have a formal description. Protocols may include .... A protocol definition defines the syntax , semantics , and synchronization of communication the specified behavior is typically independent of how it is to be implemented. A protocol can therefore ... formal definition of protocol in computer science, Citation needed date April 2011 an informal ... . In computer science the word algorithm is a synonym for the word procedure so a protocol is to communications .... A protocol therefore describes the syntax , semantics , and synchronization of communication ... using a layering scheme as a basis. Instead of using a single universal protocol to handle ... protocols are collectively called the Internet protocol suite . The group responsible for this design ... Communications protocols have to be agreed upon by the parties involved. To reach agreement a protocol ... out in a technical specification called a communication protocol standard. The nature of the communication ... and data structures. Expressing the algorithms in a portable programming language, makes the protocol ... protocol, the protocol software modules are interfaced with a framework implemented on the machine ... the basis of protocol design. ref name Sect p. 192 Sect. 11.10 The Disadvantage Of Layering, p. 192, states layering forms the basis for protocol design. ref Systems typically do not use a single protocol to handle a transmission. Instead they use a set of cooperating protocols, sometimes called a protocol family or protocol suite. ref name Sect p. 177 Comer 2000, Sect. 11.2 The Need For Multiple Protocols, p. 177, states the same. ref Some of the best known protocol suites include IPX SPX , X.25 ... Layers Of Protocol Software, p. 178, Each layer takes responsibility for handling one part of the problem ... more details
Since communications protocol digital communications protocols are controlled by software , protocol versioning generally follows software versioning standards. Category Network protocols computer stub ... more details
IPstack The Echo Protocol is a service in the Internet Protocol Suite defined in RFC 862. It was originally proposed for testing and measurement of round trip times Citation needed date November 2009 in IP networks. A host may connect to a server that supports the Echo Protocol using the Transmission Control Protocol TCP or the User Datagram Protocol UDP on the List of well known ports computing well known port number 7. The server sends back an identical copy of the data it received. The functionality of the Echo Protocol was superseded by the echo request of the Internet Control Message Protocol and the corresponding ping utility. Inetd implementation On UNIX like operating systems an echo server is built into the inetd daemon computer software daemon . The echo service is usually not enabled by default. It may be enabled by adding the following lines to the file tt etc inetd.conf tt and telling inetd to reload its configuration echo stream tcp nowait root internal echo dgram udp wait root internal See also Discard Protocol Daytime Protocol Character Generator Protocol Time Protocol External links RFC 347 Echo Process RFC 862 Echo Protocol Category Internet protocols Category Application layer protocols cs ECHO protocol da Echo protokol de Echo Netzwerkdienst ... more details
The Protocol of S vres French, Protocole de S vres was a secret agreement reached between the governments of Israel , France and the United Kingdom during discussions held between 22 and 24 October 1956 at S vres , France. The protocol concerns their joint political and military collusion to topple Gamal Abdul Nasser , by invading and occupying parts of Egypt in response to President Nasser s nationalization of the Suez Canal on 26 July. The planning for and the agreements contained in the protocol began the Suez Crisis on 29 October 1956. S vres meeting On 22 October, Prime Minister of Israel David Ben Gurion , Director General of the Ministry of Defense Shimon Peres and Ramatkal Chief of Staff ... , British National Archives, December 2006 ref Although not part of the protocol, the occasion ... 20of 20a 20War 20Plot.html . The Protocol An English translation of the Protocol includes the following ... 20of 20a 20War 20Plot.html The Protocol of S vres,1956 Anatomy of a War Plot Published in International ... a halt all acts of war. b withdraw all its troops ten miles from the Canal. c accept temporary ... through the Canal by vessels of all nations until a final settlement. B. To the Israeli Government a halt all acts of war. b withdraw all its troops ten miles to the east of the Canal. In addition ... of the present protocol must remain strictly secret. 7. They will enter into force after the agreement .... When the existence of signed copies of the secret protocol was leaked, Eden sent Dean back to France ... p.299 ref For Eden, the existence of the Protocol was a catastrophe a smoking gun that exposed the full ... of the agreement would be a threat to all three governments. The original Israeli copy of the Protocol ... Ben Gurion Archives , Sde Boker , Israel . The Protocol in action Four days after the S vres meeting ... The 20Protocol 20of 20Sevres 201956 20Anatomy 20of 20a 20War 20Plot.html Avi Shlaim, The Protocol ... Protocol Of Sevres Category 1956 in France Category 1956 in international relations Category 1956 ... more details
division multiple access CDMA data networks are entities that provide Internet Protocol IP functionality ... between AN and AN AAA is known as the A12 Authentication A12 interface. Broker AAA B AAA ... server in the home network and V AAA server in the serving network . B AAA servers are used in CRX ... and accounting information are forwarded by the V AAA to the H AAA, either directly or through a B AAA. Current AAA servers communicate using the RADIUS protocol. As such, Telecommunications Industry ... are expected to use a successor protocol to RADIUS known as Diameter protocol Diameter . The behavior ... and Accounting IETF working group URI scheme DEFAULTSORT Aaa Protocol Category Code division multiple ... more details
IPstack The Time Protocol is a network protocol in the Internet Protocol Suite defined in 1983 in RFC 868. Its purpose is to provide a site independent, machine readable date and time. The Time Protocol may be implemented over the Transmission Control Protocol TCP or the User Datagram Protocol UDP . A host connects to a server that supports the Time Protocol on port 37. The server then sends the time as a 32 bit unsigned integer in binary format and in network byte order , representing the number of seconds since 00 00 midnight 1 January, 1900 GMT, and closes the connection. Operation over UDP requires the sending of any datagram to the server port, as there is no connection setup for UDP. The fixed 32 bit data format means that the timestamp rolls over approximately every 136 years, with the first such occurrence on 7 February 2036. Programs that use the Time Protocol must be carefully designed to use context dependent information to distinguish these dates from those in 1900. Many Unix like operating systems used the Time Protocol to monitor and or synchronize their clocks using the rdate utility, but this functionality was superseded by the Network Time Protocol NTP and the corresponding ntpdate utility, which report times with sub second accuracy and accounts for clock drift automatically. Inetd implementation On most UNIX like operating systems a Time Protocol server is built into the inetd or xinetd daemon computer software daemon . The service is usually not enabled by default. It may be enabled by adding the following lines to the file tt etc inetd.conf tt and reloading the configuration. time stream tcp nowait root internal time dgram udp wait root internal See also Echo Protocol Discard Protocol Daytime Protocol Character Generator Protocol rdate , a tool for querying ... Time Protocol http freestone group.com fg time sync.htm freestone group.com FG Time Sync Category ... Time Protocol simple TIME protocol zh ... more details
Protocol overhead refers to metadata and network routing information sent by an computer application application , which uses a portion of the available Bandwidth computing bandwidth of a communications protocol . This extra data, making up the protocol headers and application specific information is referred to as overhead, since it does not contribute to the content of the message. Protocol overhead can be expressed as a percentage of non application byte s protocol and frame synchronization divided by the total number of bytes in the message. References http msdn2.microsoft.com en us library ms997599.aspx Common Performance Issues in Network Applications Part 1 Interactive Applications , Windows XP Technical Articles, Microsoft http www.sonic.net support docs ip atm.overhead.pdf Protocol Overhead in IP ATM Networks , Minnesota Supercomputer Center DEFAULTSORT Protocol Overhead Category Computer networking Compu network stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The MOSI protocol is an extension of the basic MSI protocol MSI cache coherency Protocol computing protocol . It adds the O wned state, which indicates that the current processor owns this block, and will service requests from other processors for the block. For any given pair of caches, the permitted states of a given cache line are as follows class wikitable style text align center M O S I M N N N Y O N N Y Y S N Y Y Y I Y Y Y Y See also Coherence protocol MSI protocol MESI protocol MOESI protocol DEFAULTSORT Mosi Protocol Category Cache coherency Compu stub ... more details
refimprove date June 2009 The Edmonton Protocol is a method of implantation of Pancreas pancreatic Islets of Langerhans islet s for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus , specifically Brittle diabetes brittle type 1 diabetics prone to hypoglycemic unawareness. The protocol is named for the islet transplantation group at the University of Alberta in the Canada Canadian city of Edmonton , where the protocol was first devised in the late 1990s, and published in The New England Journal of Medicine in July 2000. Procedure The Edmonton Protocol involves isolating islets from a organ donation cadaveric donor pancreas using a mixture of enzymes called Liberase Hoffmann La Roche Roche . Each recipient receives islets from one to as many as three donors. The islets are infused into the patient s portal vein , and are then kept from being destroyed by the recipient s immune system through the use of two immunosuppressants , sirolimus and tacrolimus as well as a monoclonal antibody drug used in transplant patients called daclizumab . History Islet isolation and Organ transplant transplantation was pioneered by Paul Lacy throughout the 1960s. He and Walter Ballinger together were able to restore normoglycaemia in diabetic rat s following the transplantation of isolated islets into the rodent .... The Edmonton Protocol was primarily developed by Dr James Shapiro transplant surgeon , Jonathan Lakey ... Medical Research Institute. The first patient was treated using the Edmonton Protocol in March 1999. The protocol was first published in the New England Journal of Medicine in July 2000 ... the Edmonton Protocol remained insulin independent after an average of 12 months. Current review ..., Ricordi C, Hering BJ et al. International trial of the Edmonton protocol for islet transplantation ... 200509270 00014.htm O Gorman D, Kin T, Murdoch T, Richer B, McGhee Wilson D, Ryan EA, Shapiro ... br Organ transplantation https web.emmes.com study isl DEFAULTSORT Edmonton Protocol Categories ... more details
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