- BMAL
protein Name ARNTL aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like caption image width HGNCid 701 Symbol ARNTL AltSymbols EntrezGene 406 OMIM 602550 RefSeq NM 001178 UniProt O00327 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 11 Arm p Band 15 LocusSupplementaryData protein Name ARNTL2 aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like 2 caption image width HGNCid 18984 Symbol ARNTL2 AltSymbols EntrezGene 56938 OMIM RefSeq NM 020183 UniProt Q8WYA4 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 12 Arm p Band 12.2 LocusSupplementaryData 11.2 Bmal brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator ARNT like is a gene that encodes proteins regulating circadian rhythm . BMAL proteins form part of a basic helix loop helix transcription factor . BMAL 1 dimerizes with CLOCK in vivo and transactivates gene expression of Period gene Period and Timeless gene Timeless in drosophila by binding to E box elements in their promoters. ref name pmid10430850 cite journal author Ishida N, Kaneko M, Allada R title Biological clocks journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 96 issue 16 pages 8819 20 year 1999 pmid 10430850 doi 10.1073 pnas.96.16.8819 pmc 33693 ref BMAL1 CLOCK also regulates Cryptochrome genes e.g. Cry1, Cry2 and Period genes e.g. Per1, Per2, Per3 . ref name pmid11015601 cite journal author Edery I title Circadian rhythms in a nutshell journal Physiol. Genomics volume 3 issue 2 pages 59 74 year 2000 pmid 11015601 doi url http physiolgenomics.physiology.org cgi content abstract 3 2 59 ref See also Suprachiasmatic nucleus CLOCK Oscillating gene References Reflist External links MeshName BMAL1 protein Transcription factors g1 Category Transcription factors biochemistry stub es BMAL ... more details
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- CLOCK
on the CLOCK BMAL heterodimer to repress the transcription of per and cry . ref name pmid9616112 cite ... gene. This dominant negative mutation results in a defective CLOCK BMAL dimer, which causes ... in other feedback loops The CLOCK BMAL dimer is involved in regulation of other genes and feedback loops. An enzyme SIRT1 has also binds to the CLOCK BMAL complex and acts to suppress its activity ... BMAL dimer acts as a positive limb of a feedback loop. The binding of CLOCK BMAL to an E box promoter ... been shown in mice that CLOCK BMAL also activates the Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase gene .... The CLOCK BMAL dimer activates transcription of the Nampt gene, which codes for the NAMPT protein ... protein, less NAD made, and therefore less SIRT1 and less suppression of the CLOCK BMAL dimer. This dimer ... another oscillatory loop involving CLOCK BMAL as positive elements. The key role that Clock plays in metabolic .... The CLOCK BMAL dimer has also been shown to activate reverse erb receptor alpha Rev ErbA alpha and retinoic acid orphan receptor alpha ROR alpha . REV ERB and ROR regulate Bmal by binding to retinoic ... See also BMAL Period gene Period gene Suprachiasmatic nucleus Timeless gene Timeless gene Pigment dispersing ... more details
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- E-box
Context date October 2009 An E box Enhancer Box is a DNA sequence which usually lies upstream of a gene in a promoter biology promoter region. It is a transcription factor binding site where the specific sequence of DNA, CANNTG, is recognized by proteins that can bind to it to help initiate its transcription genetics transcription . Once transcription factors bind to promoters, they allow for association of other enzymes which will copy the DNA into mRNA . The consensus sequence for the E box element is CANNTG, with a palindromic canonical sequence of CACGTG. ref name Chaudhary cite journal quotes last Chaudhary first Jaideep authorlink coauthors Michael K. Skinner date year month title Basic Helix Loop Helix Proteins Can Act at the E Box within the Serum Response Element of the c fos Promoter to Influence Hormone Induced Promoter Activation in Sertoli Cells journal Molecular Endocrinology volume 12 issue 5 pages 774 786 pmid doi id url http mend.endojournals.org cgi content full 13 5 774 format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote ref Transcription factor s containing the basic helix loop helix protein structural motif typically bind to E boxes or related variant sequences and enhance Transcription genetics transcription of the downstream gene. Proteins that interact with E boxes E47 Beta2 NeuroD1 MyoD MyoG BMAL CLOCK cMyc c Myc See also Core promoter Proximal promoter References references External links MeshName E Box Elements Transcription Category Regulatory sequences Category DNA genetics stub es Secuencia E box ... more details
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- Roman Catholic Diocese of Acireale
Image Diocesi di Acireale.png thumb The Italian Catholic diocese of Acireale is in Sicily . It has existed since 1844 ref http web.archive.org web 20090730200520 http geocities.com CapitolHill Rotunda 2209 Catholic Italy2.html ref . It is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Catania . Bishops Gerlando Maria Genuardi 1872 1907 ref catholic hierarchy bishop bgenu Bishop Gerlando Maria Genuardi ref Giovanni Battista Arista 1907 1920 ref catholic hierarchy bishop barista Bishop Giovanni Battista Arista Vigo ref Salvatore Bella 1920 1922 ref catholic hierarchy bishop bbel Bishop Salvatore Bella ref Fernando Cento 1922 1926 ref catholic hierarchy bishop bcento Fernando Cardinal Cento ref Evasio Colli 1927 1932 ref catholic hierarchy bishop bcollie Archbishop Evasio Colli ref Salvatore Russo, Bishop Salvatore Russo 1932 1964 ref catholic hierarchy bishop brussos Bishop Salvatore Russo ref Pasquale Bacile 1964 1979 ref catholic hierarchy bishop bbacile Bishop Pasquale Bacile ref Giuseppe Malandrino 1979 1998 ref catholic hierarchy bishop bmal Bishop Giuseppe Malandrino ref Salvatore Gristina 1999 2002 ref catholic hierarchy bishop bgristina Archbishop Salvatore Gristina ref Pio Vittorio Vigo 2002 2011 ref catholic hierarchy bishop bvigopv Archbishop Pio Vittorio Vigo ref Antonino Raspanti 2011 present ref http press.catholica.va news services bulletin news 27854.php?index 27854&lang en ref See also Acireale Notes references External links catholic hierarchy diocese dacir Diocese of Acireale CathEncy wstitle The Diocese of Aci Reale it icon http www.diocesi.acireale.ct.it Official page coord missing Italy Category Roman Catholic dioceses in Italy Acireale Category Religious organizations established in 1844 Category Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 19th century de Bistum Acireale it Diocesi di Acireale ... more details
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- Temporal feedback
loops Per Cry and Clock Bmal . Transcription of the Period gene period Per and cryptochrome Cry ... ErbA Rev Erb , the protein product of which, REV ERB, represses transcription of Bmal . The repression of BMAL in vivo prevents the transactivation of Per Cry , thereby completing the cycle in just over ... more details
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- ARNTL2
nucleus a remarkable acceleration of Bmal2 sequence divergence after Bmal gene duplication journal ... 81 year 2003 pmid 12738229 doi 10.1016 S0022 2828 03 00051 8 ref See also BMAL References reflist 2 ... more details
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- Arogenate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
enzyme Name arogenate dehydrogenase NADP EC number 1.3.1.78 CAS number 64295 75 6 IUBMB EC number 1 3 1 78 GO code 0033730 image width caption In enzymology , an arogenate dehydrogenase NADP EC number 1.3.1.78 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction L arogenate NADP sup sup math rightleftharpoons math L tyrosine NADPH CO sub 2 sub Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are L arogenate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADP sup sup , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are L tyrosine , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH , and carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH CH group of donor with NAD or NADP as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L arogenate NADP oxidoreductase decarboxylating . Other names in common use include arogenic dehydrogenase ambiguous , pretyrosine dehydrogenase ambiguous , TyrAAT1 , TyrAAT2 , and TyrAa . References reflist 1 cite journal author Byng G, Whitaker R, Flick C and Jensen RA date 1981 title Enzymology of L tyrosine biosynthesis in corn Zea mays journal Phytochemistry journal Phytochemistry volume 20 pages 1289&ndash 1292 doi 10.1016 0031 9422 81 80023 4 issue 6 cite journal author Gaines CG, Byng GS, Whitaker RJ and Jensen RA date 1982 title L Tyrosine regulation and biosynthesis via arogenate dehydrogenase in suspension cultured cells of Nicotiana silvestris Speg. et Comes journal Planta volume 156 pages 233&ndash 240 doi 10.1007 BF00393730 issue 3 cite journal author Ishikawa T, Hirayama J, Kobayashi Y, Todo T date 2002 title Zebrafish CRY represses transcription mediated by CLOCK BMAL heterodimer without inhibiting its binding to DNA journal Genes. Cells. volume 7 pages 1073&ndash 86 pmid 12354100 doi 10.1046 j.1365 2443.2002.00579.x issue 10 cite journal author Bonner CA, Jensen RA, Gander JE, Keyhani NO date 2004 title A core catalytic domain of the TyrA prot ... more details
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- Casein kinase 1
and interact with CRY1 and CRY2 . ref name BMAL The effects of phosphorylation are two fold. It has ... be overcome when the PER protein complex is bound to CRY. ref name BMAL cite journal pages 17248 54 ... with PER in vitro, but the functional significance of this remains undetermined. ref name BMAL ... under the influence of BMAL1 dependent circadian gene Promoter biology promoter s. ref name BMAL This has ... more details
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- Rev-ErbA alpha
elements, which means that they can be regulated in a circadian manner by the BMAL and Rev erba ... the lipoproteins ApoA1 and ApoCIII , hydratase dehydrogenase, the circadian factor BMAL , and the anti ... more details
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- Joseph Takahashi
mediated NAD biosynthesis. Science 324 651 4. This paper discusses the circadian cycle of Clock Bmal activating the transcription of Cry1, 2, and Per proteins which represses Clock Bmal transcription ... more details
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- Basic helix-loop-helix
receptor AhR NEUROD1 Beta2 NeuroD1 BMAL BMAL 1 CLOCK C myc C Myc , N Myc MyoD Myf5 Pho4 Hypoxia ... more details
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- Timeless (gene)
, BMAL , PER1 , PER2 and PER3 . Sancar and colleagues investigated whether hTIM played a similar role ... more details
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- ARNTL
al. title Progressive arthropathy in mice with a targeted disruption of the Mop3 Bmal 1 locus journal ... journal.pgen.1000023 url editor1 last Takahashi editor1 first Joseph S. ref See also BMAL Interactions ... more details
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- Lithium pharmacology
causes the degradation of Rev Erb and increases the expression of BMAL which dampens the circadian ... more details
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