Area networks A backbonenetwork or networkbackbone is a part of computer network infrastructure that interconnects various pieces of network, providing a path for the exchange of information between different LAN s or subnetwork s. ref http searchsmb.techtarget.com sDefinition 0,,sid44 gci211629,00.html What is a Backbone? , Whatis.com, Accessed June 25, 2007 ref A backbone can tie together diverse networks in the same building, in different buildings in a campus environment, or over wide areas. Normally, the backbone s capacity is greater than the networks connected to it. A large corporation that has many locations may have a backbonenetwork that ties all of the locations together, for example, if a server cluster needs to be accessed by different departments of a company that are located at different geographical locations. The pieces of the network connections for example ethernet, wireless that bring these departments together is often mentioned as networkbackbone. Network congestion is often taken into consideration while designing backbones. Backbone networks should not be confused with the Internet backbone . See also Backhaul telecommunications Backhaul Collapsed backbone Core network Distributed backbone Parallel backbone Serial backbone References Reflist External links http ipv6.nlsde.buaa.edu.cn IPv6 BackboneNetwork Topology Category Networks compu network stub ar fa ko kk mk pl Sie szkieletowa ... more details
Image NewNSFNETArchitecture.jpg thumb right New network architecture, c. 1995 Image VBNS.jpg thumb right NSF s very high speed BackboneNetwork Service vBNS The very high speed BackboneNetwork Service vBNS came on line in April 1995 as part of a National Science Foundation NSF sponsored project to provide high speed interconnection between NSF sponsored Supercomputer supercomputing centers and select access points in the United States. ref http w2.eff.org Infrastructure Govt docs nsf nren.rfp NSF Solicitation 93 52 Network Access Point Manager, Routing Arbiter, Regional Network Providers, and Very High Speed BackboneNetwork Services Provider for NSFNET and the NREN SM Program, May 6, 1993 ref The network was engineered and operated by MCI Communications MCI Telecommunications under a cooperative agreement with the NSF. NSF support ref http www.nsf.gov publications pub summ.jsp?ods key nsf0173 NSF Program Solicitation 01 73 High Performance Network Connections for Science and Engineering Research HPNC , Advanced Networking Infrastructure and Research Program, Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering, National Science Foundation, February 16, 2001, 16 pp. ref was available to organizations that could demonstrate a need for very high speed networking capabilities and wished to connect to the vBNS or later to the Abilene Network , the high speed network operated ... network , Merit Joint Technical Staff, 25 February 1999 ref By 1998, the vBNS had grown to connect ... 48c 2.5 Gbit s Internet Protocol IP links in February 1999 and went on to upgrade the entire backbone ... WorldCom introduced vBNS which allowed attachments to the vBNS network by organizations that were not approved ... network technologies including Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM , IP multicast ing, quality of service ... backbone. In January 2006 MCI Inc. MCI and Verizon merged. ref http www.verizonbusiness.com ... Academic computer network organizations Category Science and technology in the United States ... more details
wiktionary backboneBackbone may refer to Vertebral column , of a vertebrate organism Backbone chain , in polymer chemistry, the framework of the molecule Backbone Entertainment , a video game development company Backbonenetwork , the top level of a hierarchical network Internet backbone , refers to the principal data routes between large, strategically interconnected networks and core routers in the Internet Backbone.js , a JavaScript library used to build applications European backboneBackbone State Park , oldest state park in Iowa Backbone film Backbone film , a 1975 film Backbone, a rock band led by former Grateful Dead drummer Bill Kreutzmann BackboneBackbone album BackboneBackbone album , 1998 Backbone Boney James album Backbone Boney James album , 1993 Backbone magazine Backbone rapper , member of the Dungeon Family Backbone, Virginia disambiguation de R ckgrat ko sv Backbone ... more details
merge to backbonenetwork date May 2011 A collapsed backbone inverted backbone, backbone in a box is a type of backbonenetwork architecture. The traditional backbonenetwork goes over the globe to provide interconnectivity to the remote hub s. In most cases, the backbones are the links while the switching or routing functions are done by the equipments at each hub. It is a distributed architecture. In the case of a collapsed or inverted backbone, each hub will provide a link back to a central location to be connected to a backbone in a box. That box can be a switch or a router. The topology and architecture of a collapsed backbone is a star or a rooted tree. The main advantages of the collapsed backbone approach are ease of management since the backbone is in a single location and in a single box, and since the backbone is essentially the back plane or internal switching matrix of the box, proprietary, high performance technology can be used. However, the draw back of the collapsed backbone is that if the box housing the backbone is down or there are reachability problem to the central location, the entire network will crash. These problems can be minimized by having redundant backbone boxes as well as having secondary backup backbone locations. See also Backbonenetwork Backhaul telecommunications Backhaul Internet backbone Parallel backbone Distributed backbone Serial backbone References cite book last Sheldon first Tom authorlink coauthors title Encyclopedia of Networking & Telecommunications publisher McGraw Hill Companies year 2001 location pages url doi id isbn 0072120053 Category Computer networking ... more details
merge to backbonenetwork date May 2011 A serial backbone is the simplest kind of backbonenetwork . ref CompTIA Network In depth, Chapter 5 p. 169 ref Serial backbones consist of two or more internet working devices connected to each other by a single cable in a daisy chain fashion. A daisy chain is a group of connectivity devices linked together in a serial fashion. Hubs are often connected in this way to extend a network. However, hubs are not the only device that can be connected in a serial backbone . Gateways , Router computing routers , switches and bridges more commonly form part of the backbone. ref Dean, T. 2010 Network Guide to Networks, Fifth Edition ref The serial backbone topology could be used for enterprise wide networks, it is rarely implemented for that purpose. ref http www.angelfire.com mech phattony enterprise.htm , Backbone Networks ref See also Internet backbone Collapsed backbone Parallel backbone Distributed backbone References reflist Category Networks compu network stub ... more details
merge to backbonenetwork date May 2011 multiple issues lead missing May 2011 one source May 2011 refimprove May 2011 expert May 2011 There are a few different types of backbones that are used for an enterprise wide network. When organizations are looking for a very strong and trustworthy backbone they should chose a parallel backbone. This backbone is a variation of a collapsed backbone in that it uses a central Node networking node connection point . Although, with a parallel backbone, it allows for duplicate connections when there is more than one router computing router or Network switch switch . Each switch and router are connected by two cables. By having more than one cable connecting each device, it ensures network connectivity to any area of the enterprise wide network. ref name Network cite book last Dean first Tamara title Network Guide to Networks 5th Edition year 2010 publisher Cengage Course Technology location Boston, MA isbn 1423902459 pages 203 204 ref Parallel backbones are more expensive than other backbone networks because they require more cabling than the other Network topology network topologies . Although this can be a major factor when deciding which enterprise wide topology to use, the expense of it makes up for the efficiency it creates by adding increased performance and Fault tolerant design fault tolerance . Most organizations use parallel backbones when there are critical devices on the network. For example, if there is important data, such as payroll , that should be accessed at all times by multiple departments, then your organization should choose to implement a Parallel Backbone to make sure that the connectivity is never lost. ref name Network ... www.katievandermeer.com CO233 ch6 two.htm CO233 Network Chapter 5 Topologies and Ethernet Standards Backbonenetwork Backhaul telecommunications Backhaul Internet backbone Collapsed backbone Distributed backbone Serial backbone References Reflist Category Networks compu network stub ... more details
merge to backbonenetwork date May 2011 A distributed backbone is a backbonenetwork that consists of a number of connectivity devices connected to a series of central connectivity devices, such as hubs, switches, or routers, in a hierarchy Dean, 2010, p. 202 . ref name Cenage1 Tamara Dean. Network Guide to Networks . Course Technology, Cenage Learning, 2010, p. 202. ref This kind of topology allows for simple expansion and limited capital outlay for growth, because more layers of devices can be added to existing layers Dean, 2010, p. 202 . ref name Cenage1 In a distributed backbonenetwork, all of the devices that access the backbone share the transmission media, as every device connected to this network is sent all transmissions placed on that network. ref name BICSI1 BICSI Lan Design Manual CD ROM, Issue 1, Distributed backbonenetwork, p.20 http etidweb.tamu.edu cdrom3 CHAPTER8.PDF , 1996, accessed May, 7 2011. ref Uses Distributed backbones, in all practicality, are in use by all large scale networks. ref name Dooley Dooley, Kevin. Designing Large Scale Networks , p.23 http www.scribd.com doc 54296513 8 Distributed Backbone , O Reilly Online Catalog, January, 2002, accessed May, 7 2011. ref Applications in enterprise wide scenarios confined to a single building are also practical ... computing router connected to a bus style network using backbone cabling . ref name TNE Distributed Backbone http www.thenetworkencyclopedia.com d2.asp?ref 193 , accessed May, 7 2011. ref Another advantage of using a distributed backbone is the ability for network administrator to segregate workgroups ... Cenage1 The distributed backbone must be designed to separate network traffic circulating on each individual LAN from the backbonenetwork traffic by using access devices such as routers and bridges. ref ... 21 ref See also Backbonenetwork Backhaul telecommunications Backhaul Internet backbone Collapsed backbone Parallel backbone Serial backbone References Reflist Category Networks compu network stub ... more details
Backbone cabling is the inter building and intra building cable connections in structured cabling between entrance facility entrance facilities , equipment rooms and telecommunications closets. Backbone cabling consists of the transmission media, main and intermediate cross connects and terminations at these locations. This system is mostly used in data center s. References http www.adc.com Library Literature 102264AE.pdf http www.siemon.com us standards 13 05 backbone cabling system structure.asp Category Cables Compu network stub Telecomm stub ... more details
Orphan date March 2012 Infobox company company name Backbone Connect Limited company type Private Limited Company foundation 2008 location London, England industry Internet Service Provider products Internet access Internet Access Services , Colocation business Colocation , Wide Area Network , Cloud Computing homepage http www.backboneconnect.co.uk Backbone Connect Backbone Connect was launched in 2008 as a provider of wide area networks , internet access and Colocation business colocation services to businesses in the UK and America. In September 2011, Backbone Connect became the UK Data Centre partner for US based Hexagrid. ref http www.thewhir.com web hosting news hexagrid partners with backbone connect to distribute cloud platform to uk market Hexagrid Partners with Backbone Connect to Distribute Cloud Platform to UK Market Web Host Industry Review Bot generated title ref Backbone Connect also achieved notability after becoming a European Level3 Level3 Communications Partner in 2010. ref http www.level3.com en partner programs european partner programme enabled service providers current enabled service providers backboneBackbone Bot generated title ref The company operates its services out of several tier III data centres in the UK including Level3 datacentres in London, Global Switch 1 and 2 in the Docklands area of London and others in the UK. ref http www.backboneconnect.co.uk colocation Secure Colocation & Data centres London UK Backbone Connect Bot generated title ref References Reflist Category Internet companies of the United Kingdom ... more details
. Internet service provider s often Tier 1 network s participate in Internet backbone exchange traffic ... days of the Internet, backbone providers exchanged their traffic at government sponsored network access ... backbonenetwork, and at the very least, is equipped with an outsourced backup. These networks ... network services which gives large companies direct access to the Tier 3 level backbone. Connecting ... year 2011 issue 1 ref See also Portal Internet Trunking Switching Routing BackbonenetworkNetwork service ... generated backbone map of the Internet http ipv6.nlsde.buaa.edu.cn IPv6 BackboneNetwork Topology ... addresses . This is a small look at the backbone of the Internet. The Internet backbone refers to the principal data routes between large, strategically interconnected computer networknetwork s and core ... high capacity network centers, the Internet exchange point s and network access point s, that interchange ... of settlement free peering . History The first high speed backbone was created by the National ... smaller networks together. The following year, IBM , MCI and Merit Network Merit would create a T3 backbone. ref cite journal last Kende first M. title The Digital Handshake Connecting Internet Backbones ... coauthors Philip J. Weiser ref Architectural principles The Internet, and consequently its backbone ... network policies. The Resilience network resilience of the Internet results from its principal architectural features, most notably the idea of placing as few network State computer science state and control functions as possible in the network elements, but instead relying on the endpoints of communication .... In addition, the high degree of Redundancy engineering redundancy of today s network links and sophisticated ... and congestion avoidance. Infrastructure The Internet backbone is a conglomeration of multiple, redundant ... consists of many fiber optic cables bundled together to increase the capacity. The backbone is able to reroute traffic in case of a failure. ref name crossroads The data speeds of backbone lines have ... more details
Devil s Backbone can refer to In plants Euphorbia tithymaloides , the so called Redbird cactus which is actually a spurge Kalanchoe daigremontiana , a bryophyllum In places Devil s Backbone rock formation , a rock formation near Charlestown, Indiana, U.S. Devil s Backbone, a geologic feature on the rim of Crater Lake in Oregon, U.S. Devil s Backbone, a ridge in the Ouachita Mountains , in Arkansas, U.S. Devil s Backbone, a ridge near Mount San Antonio in the San Gabriel Mountains, in California, U.S. Devil s Backbone, a small mountain in Highland County, Virginia , U.S. Devil s Backbone State Forest , a state forest located in Shenandoah County, Virginia, U.S. Devil s Backbone, a region in Texas Hill Country , U.S. Devil s Backbone Open Space a geologic landmark in Larimer County, near Fort Collins in Colorado, U.S. Devils Backbone Wilderness , a protected wilderness area in Ozark County, Missouri , U.S. In others The Battle of Devil s Backbone The Devil s Backbone El espinazo del diablo , a 2001 Spanish film Spina bifida , a birth defect disambig geo de Devil s Backbone ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In polymer science, the backbone chain or main chain of a polymer is the series of covalent ly bonded atom s that together create the continuous chain of the molecule . The backbone contains an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, and a central carbon . However, the backbone does not contain a Side chain R group . See also Side chain Pendant group DEFAULTSORT Backbone Chain Category Organic chemistry Polymer stub de Backbone Biochemie it Catena dorsale ... more details
Infobox Film name The Devil s Backbone image Espinazo del diablo.jpg image size 215px alt caption Original Spanish language poster director Guillermo del Toro producer Guillermo del Toro br Pedro Almod var writer Guillermo del Toro br Antonio Trashorras br David Mu oz narrator Federico Luppi starring Fernando Tielve br igo Garc s br Eduardo Noriega Spanish actor Eduardo Noriega br Marisa Paredes br Federico Luppi music Javier Navarrete cinematography Guillermo Navarro editing Luis De La Madrid studio Canal Canal Espa a br Good Machine distributor Warner Sogefilms A.I.E. small Spain br Sony Pictures Classics small United States released Film date 2001 4 20 Spain 2001 11 21 United States runtime 107 minutes country Film Spain br Film Mexico language Spanish budget US 4.5 million gross US 6,459,020 The Devil s Backbone lang es El espinazo del diablo , literally The Backbone of the Devil is a 2001 Spanish films of 2001 Spanish Cinema of Mexico Mexican gothic fiction gothic thriller film thriller film written by Guillermo del Toro , Antonio Trashorras and David Mu oz , and directed by Guillermo ... story released in the same year. Christopher Varney, of Film Threat , claimed That The Devil s Backbone ... The film was 61 on Bravo US TV network Bravo s 100 Scariest Movie Moments for its various scenes in which ... backbone The Devil s Backbone ref Bloody Disgusting ranked the film at number eighteen in their list ... imdb title 0256009 The Devil s Backbone Amg movie 244107 The Devil s Backbone mojo title devilsbackbone The Devil s Backbone rotten tomatoes devils backbone The Devil s Backbone metacritic film the devils backbone The Devil s Backbone http cinefantastiqueonline.com 2007 12 30 film review the devils backbone Review at Cinefantastique Online Guillermo del Toro CinemaofSpain DEFAULTSORT Devil s Backbone ... films be x old de The Devil s Backbone es El espinazo del diablo fa ... diab a pt El espinazo del diablo ru fi Devil s Backbone sv The Devil s Backbone zh ... more details
Infobox album Name Backbone Type studio Artist Backbone Cover BackboneCD.jpg Released January 13, 1998 Recorded 1997 Genre Blues rock Length 51 17 Label Grateful Dead Records Grateful Dead Producer Rick Barnett Misc Extra chronology Artist Bill Kreutzmann Type studio Last album This album Backbone br 1998 Next album Trichromes br 2002 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1score Rating 3 5 ref name Allmusic rev2 The Music Box rev2score Rating 2 5 ref name MusicBox Automatically generated by DASHBot Backbone is an album by the American rock music rock band Backbone, a trio led by former Grateful Dead drummer Bill Kreutzmann . Their only album, it was released by Grateful Dead Records on January 13, 1998. It contains ten original songs, plus a version of the Grateful Dead tune New Speedway Boogie . ref name DeadDisc In addition to Kreutzmann, the band Backbone included guitarist Rick Barnett and bassist Edd Cook. ref name SFChron Their music was heavily influenced by blues and rhythm and blues R&B , and included substantial amounts of improvisational jam band jamming . ref name Allmusic ref name MusicBox Track listing Preserve the Blues Rick Barnett 4 34 Sittin Here Thinkin Barnett, Philbrick 3 03 Make Me Laugh Barnett 6 27 Breathe Deeply Barnett 4 42 Nothing s Different Edd Cook 3 26 Fly Away Barnett, Bill Kreutzmann , Cook 4 10 Only Son Barnett, Kreutzmann, Brandon 5 51 New Speedway Boogie Jerry Garcia , Robert Hunter lyricist Robert Hunter 5 47 Stayed Away Too Long Barnett 4 12 Earthchild Barnett, Kreutzmann 3 45 Ocean Laughter Barnett, Kreutzmann, Becker 4 52 Personnel Backbone Bill ... name Allmusic Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. Allmusic class album id r332076 pure url yes Backbone at Allmusic ref ref name MusicBox Metzger, John. http www.musicbox online.com bk back.html Backbone , The Music Box , November 1998 ref ref name DeadDisc http www.deaddisc.com disc Backbone.htm Backbone at the Grateful ... Backbone Album Category Bill Kreutzmann albums Category 1998 albums ... more details
Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians name Andra and The BackBone image caption image size background group or band alias origin Jakarta , Indonesia genre Rock music Rock , Pop rock , Rock music Alternative rock years active 2007 present label EMI Indonesia associated acts Dewa 19 , Deadsquad website past members notable instruments Deleted image removed Image AndraBackBone CD.jpg right thumb Cover of Andra & The BackBone aomen song CD Andra and The BackBone is a rock band from Indonesia and the solo project of Andra Ramadhan, guitarist of the band Dewa band Dewa 19 . Ramadhan also formed part of fellow Dewa band member Ahmad Dhani s Ahmad Band project. In addition to Ramadhan, the band also consists of Deddi Suryadi, Stevie Item. The band released its self titled debut album in 2007 on EMI EMI Indonesia . The album was also released in Malaysia but with different artwork. The album s first single, Musnah , became a big hit in Indonesia, reaching the top of many national radio playlists. Fact date June 2007 The music video video clip also received heavy rotation on MTV Asia MTV . Fact date June 2007 Discography Studio albums Andra & The Backbone album Andra & The Backbone 2007 Season 2 album Season 2 2008 Love, Faith & Hope 2010 Compilation albums The Best of Republik Cinta Vol. 1 See also List of Indonesian rock bands Dewa band Dewa 19 External links http andrathebackbone.com Official site http dewadhani.blogspot.com Blog Andra Dewa Category Indonesian rock music groups Category Anugerah Musik Indonesia winners Category Musical groups established in 2007 Category Musical groups from Jakarta bjn Andra and The Backbone id Andra and The BackBone jv Andra and The BackBone ms Andra & The Backbone nl Andra and the Backbone ... more details
lead too long date July 2011 Refimprove date August 2008 Infobox Company company name Backbone Entertainment company logo File Backbone.gif caption company type Video game developer Video Game Developer foundation 1992 founder former title Digital Eclipse Entertainment location Emeryville, California , United States USA key people industry Computer software Software & Programming products revenue owner num employees parent homepage http www.backboneentertainment.com www.backboneentertainment.com Backbone Entertainment is an independent video game development company located in Emeryville, California . Backbone Entertainment is the result of a 2003 merger between Digital Eclipse Software and ImaginEngine . Digital Eclipse Software specialized in arcade game Video game console emulator emulation and handheld video game s, and formerly had studios in Emeryville, California and Vancouver, British Columbia . ImaginEngine specializes in children s software, formerly having studios in San Francisco, California and Boston, Massachusetts . The San Francisco and Emeryville teams were combined at the Emeryville location upon execution of the merger. One of their first franchise projects as Backbone Entertainment was Death Jr. , for the PlayStation Portable PSP . They have also produced a sequel ... Fair of Doom . When Death Jr. was first announced, the CEO of Backbone spoke on making DJ ... 9 Entertainment conglomerate initially used the Backbone Entertainment brand for its original ... 9 Entertainment, ref http www.imaginengine.com ImaginEngine web site ref while Backbone ... in use, and its website redirects to Backbone Entertainment. ref http www.digitaleclipse.com ... of Backbone Entertainment was scaled back in September 2008 and ultimately closed in May 2009, ending ... of Evil Wii 70.25 2008 Emeryville Wolf of the Battlefield Commando 3 PlayStation Network PSN , Xbox ... es Backbone Entertainment fr Digital Eclipse Software pt Backbone Entertainment ... more details
Backbone is an unincorporated community in Alleghany County, Virginia Alleghany County , Virginia , United States . References http geonames.usgs.gov pls gnispublic f?p gnispq 3 NO P3 FID 1495217 GNIS reference Alleghany County, Virginia coord 37.7731 80.1551 display title region US VA type city name Backbone, Virginia Category Unincorporated communities in Virginia Category Populated places in Alleghany County, Virginia AlleghanyVA geo stub ... more details
for this shortcoming. Examples of cars using a backbone chassis include DeLorean DMC 12 , Lloyd car ... use a backbone as a part of the chassis to strengthen it examples include the Volkswagen Beetle and the Locost where the transmission tunnel forms a backbone. Advantages Standard conception truck s superstructure ... of 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 axle vehicles with various wheel bases. ref cite web title Backbone ... Manufacturing the backbone chassis is more complicated and more costly. However the more axles with all wheel drive are needed, the cost benefit turns in favor of backbone chassis. The backbone chassis ... cat Backbone chassis Comparison of standard ladder chassis and backbone chassis with half axles ... videa 18.mpg Ladder chassis Renault fire engine http hzskoprivnice.wbs.cz videa 21.mpg Backbone chassis Tatra T815 fire engine DEFAULTSORT Backbone Chassis Category Automotive chassis types cs Koncepce ... more details
Multiple issues advert April 2011 orphan March 2011 original research April 2011 An email backbone is typically the middleware of an email infrastructure that manages SMTP based applications, internal and external email message routing, and policy management and enforcement. The email backbone is normally the portion of the email infrastructure that sits between the gateway DMZ layer and the email groupware system layer of the messaging infrastructure, such as Microsoft Exchange or Lotus Notes Domino. The email backbone is sometimes referred to as the messaging fabric or a messaging infrastructure layer ref http www.irg intl.com whitepaper 2010 Messaging Fabric.html ref Email backbone infrastructure and cloud computing Many businesses are either considering or are actively migrating to Cloud computing cloud based email because it can offer a number of important benefits. These benefits may include lower cost of ownership, more predictable costs, the shift from a capital expenditure CAPEX to an Operational expenditure operational cost OPEX model, and less demand for internal IT resources. The typical email infrastructure functions that are moved to the cloud include the email filtering ... backbone layer typically stays on On premises software on premises . Email backbone infrastructure ..., but there are advantages to keeping the email backbone layer of the messaging infrastructure ... email backbone can provide Autonomic Networking Policy management policy management to enforce outbound ... the organization. Other benefits of an on premises email backbone include the ability to manage ... complex routing and SMTP application requirements that require the use of an email backbone even ... years, email management will evolve toward a hybrid model using an Email Backbone for virtually ... group report http www.thetechherald.com article.php 201042 6321 Strengthen your email backbone NCSAM Strengthen your email backbone, The Tech Herald http www.gartner.com video GartnerFAQ Cloud Q3.mpg ... more details
Backbone ISSN 1498 086X is a Canada Canadian business magazine that focuses on new technology. It was launched in 2001. Backbone magazine is published by Publimedia Communications Inc. and is distributed six times a year. Pick 20 award Since 2008, Backbone publishes the annual Pick 20 award for Canada s leading Web 2.0 pioneers. The criteria are return on investment, competitive advantage, ongoing value, execution and innovation. 2008 winners ref cite web url http www.kpmg.ca en news pr20080711.html title Who is leading the Web 2.0 Revolution in Canada? publisher KPMG date 15 July 2008 accessdate 2010 02 13 ref Club Penguin , massively multiplayer online game FreshBooks , online invoicing and time tracking service ConceptShare , online design collaboration space 2009 winners FreshBooks , online invoicing and time tracking service Myca Health , online communication platform linking patients and doctors CoverItLive , real time blogging software References references External links http www.backbonemag.com Backbone official site Category Canadian business magazines Category Magazines established in 2001 Business mag stub ... more details
Infobox film name Backbone image image size caption director Vlatko Gili producer Svetlana Jovanovi br Dan Tana writer Vlatko Gili starring Dragan Nikoli music cinematography Branko Ivatovic br Zivorad Milic editing Leposava Aleksic br Olga Skrigin distributor released 1975 runtime 91 minutes country Film Yugoslavia language Serbo Croatian budget Backbone lang sr Ki ma , is a 1975 in film 1975 cinema of Yugoslavia Yugoslavian drama film directed by Vlatko Gili . It was entered into the 1977 Cannes Film Festival . ref name festival cannes.com cite web url http www.festival cannes.com en archives ficheFilm id 2036 year 1977.html title Festival de Cannes Backbone accessdate 2009 02 15 work festival cannes.com ref Cast Dragan Nikoli Pavle Gvozdenovi Predrag Lakovi Pepi Mira Banjac Milutin Butkovi Stanislava Janjic Ana Seka Sabli as Jelisaveta Sabljic Nada Skrinjar Bolesnica Miroljub Leso Neda Spasojevic Djordje Jelisic Renata Ulmanski Woman from kafana Sladjana Matovic Jelena Dragomir Felba Danilo Bata Stojkovi Danilo Bata Stojkovi Man from kafane Jelena Cvorovic as Jelena Radovic Jelka Utornik Ta ko Na i References reflist External links Imdb title id 0074741 title Backbone DEFAULTSORT Backbone Film Category 1975 films Category Yugoslav films Category Serbo Croatian language films Category 1970s drama films Yugoslavia film stub ... more details
The backbone cabal was an informal organization of large site Sysop administrators of the worldwide distributed newsgroup based discussion system Usenet . It existed from about 1983 at least into the 2000s. The cabal was created in an effort to facilitate reliable propagation of new Usenet posts While in the 1970s and 1980s many news servers only operated during night time to save on the cost of long distance communication, servers of the backbone cabal were available 24 hours a day. The administrators of these servers gained sufficient influence in the otherwise anarchic Usenet community to be able to push through controversial changes, for instance the Great Renaming of Usenet newsgroups during the 1980s. History As Usenet has few technologically or legally enforced hierarchies, just about the only ones that formed were social hierarchy social hierarchies . People acquired power through persuasion, exerted both publicly and privately, public debate, force of will often via aggressive flaming internet flames , garnering authority and respect by spending much time and effort contributing to the community by being a maintainer of a FAQ , for example see also James Parry Kibo , etc. . Credit for organizing the backbone about 1983 is commonly attributed to Gene Spafford Gene Spaf Spafford , ref http web.archive.org web 20021012011241 http www.vrx.net usenet history rename.html The Great ... web url http www.techweb.com encyclopedia defineterm.jhtml?term backbone cabal title backbone cabal ... encyclopedia defineterm.jhtml?term backbone cabal archivedate 2007 09 27 ref References ... html B backbone cabal.html the corresponding entry in the Jargon File , which is in the public ... Association, Washington, DC. pp 140 151, esp. subheading The Great Renaming and The Breaking of the Backbone Cartel . External links http www.catb.org esr jargon html B backbone cabal.html Jargon ... cabal FAQ on the Cabal and TINC http catb.org esr ecsl The Eric Conspiracy DEFAULTSORT Backbone Cabal ... more details
Geobox Range Name section name Backbone Mountain native name other name other name1 topo maker USGS topo map Mozark Mountain topo1 map Lead Mine topo2 map Davis topo3 map Table Rock topo4 map Gorman topo5 map Deer Park topo6 map Kitzmiller topo7 map Bittinger range Allegheny Mountains parent Category category Ridge Image image Hoye Crest Historical Marker.jpg image caption Marker at Hoye Crest , the high point of Maryland Etymology etymology type etymology Country etc. country United States country flag 1 state Maryland state1 West Virginia state flag 1 region type Counties region Tucker County, West Virginia Tucker WV region1 Preston County, West Virginia Preston WV region2 Garrett County, Maryland Garrett MD district type district district1 district2 city city1 Geography location Hoye Crest in Garrett County, Maryland Garrett County , Maryland lat d 39 lat m 14 lat s 14 lat NS N long d 79 long m 29 long s 09 long EW W elevation imperial 3360 elevation round 1 prominence imperial prominence note area unit acre area imperial area round 1 area note area1 imperial area1 type length imperial 39 length orientation length note ref name GNIS Backbone Mountain width imperial width orientation ... Virginia free1 type free1 Map section map West Virginia Locator Map.PNG map caption Location of Backbone ... Backbone Mountain is a ridge of the Allegheny Mountains of the central Appalachian Mountains Appalachian ... and geography Backbone Mountain stretches approximately convert 39 mi southwest to northeast ... . ref name GNIS Backbone Mountain cite gnis id 588826 name Backbone Mountain accessdate 2008 06 ... features Hoye Crest main Hoye Crest Located just inside of Maryland along Backbone Mountain is Hoye ... to the west. Olson Observation Tower main Olson Observation Tower The southern end of Backbone Mountain ... and the Otter Creek Wilderness . Crabtree Woods Crabtree Woods , on the northwest slopes of Backbone ... accessdate 2011 05 08 cite summitpost id 152048 name Backbone Mountain accessdate 2011 05 07 References ... more details
Infobox protected area name Devil s Backbone Wilderness iucn category Ib photo photo caption map USA relief map caption location Ozark County, Missouri , United States USA nearest city Willow Springs, Missouri lat d 36 lat m 44 lat s 3 lat NS N long d 92 long m 8 long s 42 long EW W region US coords ref area convert 6595 acre km2 established 1980 visitation num visitation year governing body United States Forest Service U.S. Forest Service The Devils Backbone Wilderness is one of eight wilderness areas protected and preserved in the U.S. State of Missouri . The United States Congress designated the wilderness area in 1980, and it now has a total of 6,595 acres 26 km sup 2 sup . Devil s Backbone is located within the Willow Springs section of the Ava Cassville Willow Springs Ranger District, of the Mark Twain National Forest , near Willow Springs, Missouri . It was named for a prominent ridge down the center of the area. Horseback riding is popular on a network of trails in the wilderness. Devils Backbone offers a variety of recreational activities for visitors. In the spring season, dogwood , redbud , and serviceberry trees are flowering in full force. Then, in fall the foliage of the oaks, sassafras , and red maple s begin to turn a vast array of reds, yellows, and oranges. The North Fork River Missouri Arkansas North Fork River is also main attraction for visitors to the area. There are three springs within Devils Backbone that feed the North Fork Blue, Amber, and McGarr . There is even a canoe launch for the river which offers smallmouth bass, blue gill, and rock bass angling opportunities. For those interested in wildlife , White tailed deer Odocoileus virginiana ... seen. See also List of U.S. Wilderness Areas External links cite web title Devils Backbone Wilderness work USDA url http www.fs.fed.us r9 forests marktwain recreation sites devils backbone accessdate June 11, 2007 cite web title Devils Backbone Wilderness work GORP url http www.gorp.com parks guide ... more details
coord 37.9707953 N 111.599421 W display title format dms Location map USA Utah label Hell s Backbone mark dot Green pog.svg lat decimal form 37.97 long 111.59 position right width smaller 200 float right Hell s Backbone Road is a 38 mile 61 km gravel road that was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s, and connects the towns of Boulder, Utah and Escalante, Utah . Half way along the road is Hell s Backbone Bridge, which is convert 109 ft m long, and convert 14 ft m wide. A convert 1500 ft m adj on drop is on either side. ref http www.nps.gov history history online books ccc ccc chap6.htm The Forest Service and The Civilian Conservation Corps 1933 42 http www.nps.gov, accessed 3 November 2008 ref Near the bridge are spectacular views of the Box Death Hollow Wilderness . From late spring to autumn, the road, which climbs to more than 9,000 feet 2,750 m elevation, is easily passable by ordinary passenger vehicles, but it is very narrow and winding, and not for the faint of heart. Hell s Backbone Road is a high country alternative to the paved Utah Scenic Byway 12 , which also connects Boulder and Escalante, 27 road miles 44 km apart. Images gallery Image Hells Backbone Sign.jpg center The sign at the start of Hell s Backbone near Boulder, UT . center Image Hells Backbone FallTrees.jpg center Fall Colors along Hell s Backbone Road center Image Hells Backbone Death Box Hollow.jpg center The view from the bridge looking south into the Box Death Hollow Wilderness. center Image Hells Backbone Bridge.jpg The Hell s Backbone Bridge at coord 37 58 13.08 N 111 35 56.40 W type mountain gallery References Reflist Category Roads in Utah Category Civilian Conservation Corps in Utah ... more details
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