Taxobox color violet virus group iv familia Leviviridae genus Levivirus species Bacteriophage f2 The bacteriophage f2 is an icosahedral, positive sense single stranded RNA virus that infects the bacterium Escherichia coli . ref name van Duin van Duin J, Tsareva N. Single stranded RNA phages. Chapter 15 pp. 175 196 in Calendar RL ed. , The Bacteriophages Second Edition . Oxford University Press, 2006. ref It is extremely similar to bacteriophage MS2 . History f2 was the first RNA containing bacteriophage to be isolated, reported in 1961. ref Loeb T, Zinder ND. A bacteriophage containing RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1961 Mar 15 47 282 9. ref Tim Loeb and Norton Zinder searched for and discovered two phages in filtered samples of raw New York City sewage that grew on male F but not female F E. coli . The first phage was f1 phage f1 , which produced cloudy viral plaque plaques the second phage was f2, which produced clear plaques. ref name van Duin References references DEFAULTSORT Bacteriophage f2 Category Bacteriophages ... more details
Multiple issues orphan December 2009 lead too short December 2009 onesource December 2009 T5 bacteriophage ref http www.uniprot.org taxonomy 10726 Enterobacteria phage T5 ref is a caudal virus who belongs to siphoviridae family. It s a lytic phage that infect Escherichia coli E. coli . T5 consists of a 90 nm large icosahedral capsid containing a 121750 bp dsDNA and a 250 nm long flexible and non contractile tail ref Effantin G. et al. Bacteriophage T5 structure reveals similarities with HK97 and T4 suggesting evolutionary relationships. J Mol Biol. 2006 361, 993 1002 ref . References Reflist Category Bacteriophages fr Bact riophage T5 ... more details
Taxobox color violet virus group iv familia Leviviridae genus Levivirus species Bacteriophage MS2 The bacteriophage MS2 is an icosahedral, positive sense single stranded RNA virus that infects the bacterium Escherichia coli . ref name van Duin van Duin J, Tsareva N. Single stranded RNA phages. Chapter 15 pp. 175 196 in Calendar RL ed. , The Bacteriophages Second Edition . Oxford University Press, 2006. ref History In 1961, MS2 was isolated by Alvin John Clark and recognized as an RNA containing phage very similar to bacteriophage f2 . ref Davis JE, Strauss JH, Sinsheimer RL. Bacteriophage MS2 another RNA phage. 1961 November 3 134 3488 1427. ref In 1976, MS2 was the first organism to have its genome completely sequenced. ref name Fiers Fiers W, Contreras R, Duerinck F, Haegeman G, Iserentant D, Merregaert J, Min Jou W, Molemans F, Raeymaekers A, Van den Berghe A, Volckaert G, Ysebaert M., Complete nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage MS2 RNA primary and secondary structure of the replicase gene, Nature. 1976 April 8 260 5551 500 7. ref This was accomplished by Walter Fiers and his team, building upon their earlier milestone in 1972 of the first gene to be completely sequenced, the MS2 ... for the bacteriophage MS2 coat protein, Nature. 1972 May 12 237 5350 82 8 ref These sequences were determined at the RNA level, whereas the next landmark achievement, the sequence of the bacteriophage ... sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA. Nature 265 5596 687 95. ref Virology The MS2 genome is one ... nm in diameter by electron microscopy . ref Strauss JH, Sinsheimer RL. Purification and properties of bacteriophage ... well studied than replication of the highly related bacteriophage Q , partly because the MS2 replicase ... have found utility in the detection of RNA in living cells see MS2 tagging . See also bacteriophage f2 bacteriophage Q Phi X174 phage Bacteriophage External links http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov nuccore ... references DEFAULTSORT Bacteriophage Ms2 Category Bacteriophages ... more details
Infobox rfam Name Bacteriophage pRNA image RF00044.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of Phage pRNA Symbol Phage pRNA AltSymbols Rfam RF00044 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Gene Tax domain Virus es GO SO SO 0000655 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData Bacteriophage pRNA is a ncRNA element. During replication of linear dsDNA viruses, the viral genome is packaged into the pre formed viral procapsid . The packaging of DNA into the procapsid requires a molecular motor , which uses Adenosine triphosphate ATP as energy to accomplish the energetically unfavorable motion. In some bacteriophage, an RNA pRNA molecule is a vital component of this motor. ref name pmid12206459 cite journal author Guo P title Structure and function of phi29 hexameric RNA that drives the viral DNA packaging motor review journal Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. volume 72 issue pages 415 72 year 2002 pmid 12206459 doi 10.1016 S0079 6603 02 72076 X series Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology isbn 978 0 12 540072 5 ref Structural analyses of the packaging motor have demonstrated that the pRNA molecule has fivefold symmetry when attached to the prohead. ref name pmid11562164 cite journal author Morais MC, Tao Y, Olson NH, et al. title Cryoelectron microscopy image reconstruction of symmetry mismatches in bacteriophage ..., et al. title Structure of the bacteriophage phi29 DNA packaging motor journal Nature volume 408 issue ... of the head tail connector of bacteriophage phi29 journal Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. volume ... packaging of bacteriophage phi 29 DNA journal Science volume 236 issue 4802 pages 690 4 year 1987 pmid ... DL, Bodley JW title Phylogenetic analysis and secondary structure of the Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage ... pmid 2125049 doi ref References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00044 name Bacteriophage pRNA DEFAULTSORT Bacteriophage Prna Category Non coding RNA molecular cell biology stub ... more details
Taxobox virus group I ordo Unclassified familia genus species Bacteriophage T12 is a bacteriophage capable of infecting susceptible bacteria l cells. This phage is known to infect Streptococcus pyogenes and integrates its genome upstream of the gene speA , which is necessary for the production of erythrogenic toxin A. ref cite journal last McShan first WM coauthors Tang, YF, Ferretti, JJ title Bacteriophage T12 of Streptococcus pyogenes integrates into the gene encoding a serine tRNA. journal Molecular microbiology date 1997 Feb volume 23 issue 4 pages 719 28 pmid 9157243 doi 10.1046 j.1365 2958.1997.2591616.x ref This phage is also known to carry a gene for pyrogenic exotoxin type A . ref cite journal last Johnson first Lane P. coauthors Schlievert, Patrick M. title Group A streptococcal phage T12 carries the structural gene for pyrogenic exotoxin type A journal MGG Molecular & General Genetics year 1984 volume 194 issue 1 2 pages 52 56 doi 10.1007 BF00383496 ref References reflist 2 External links http www.uniprot.org taxonomy 35344 UniProt taxonomy Category Bacteriophages molecular biology stub Virus stub ... more details
merge Inovirus date March 2012 A filamentous phage is a type of bacteriophage shaped like a rod filament. Filamentous phages usually contain a genome of single stranded DNA and infect Gram negative bacteria . ref cite journal last Karlsson first F coauthors Borrebaeck, CA, Nilsson, N, Malmborg Hager, AC title The mechanism of bacterial infection by filamentous phages involves molecular interactions between TolA and phage protein 3 domains. journal Journal of bacteriology date 2003 Apr volume 185 issue 8 pages 2628 34 pmid 12670988 ref ref cite journal last Kokoska first RJ coauthors Steege, DA title Appropriate expression of filamentous phage f1 DNA replication genes II and X requires RNase E dependent processing and separate mRNAs. journal Journal of bacteriology date 1998 Jun volume 180 issue 12 pages 3245 9 pmid 9620980 ref ref cite journal last Russel first M coauthors Model, P title Genetic analysis of the filamentous bacteriophage packaging signal and of the proteins that interact with it. journal Journal of virology date 1989 Aug volume 63 issue 8 pages 3284 95 pmid 2746731 ref Types of filamentous phage Ff phages these infect E. coli that carry the Fertility factor F episome M13 bacteriophage f1 phage fd phage Ike phage N1 phage References reflist 2 DEFAULTSORT Filamentous Phage Category Bacteriophages Virus stub es Fagos filamentosos ... more details
Taxobox color violet virus group IV familia Leviviridae genus Allolevivirus species Bacteriophage Q Bacteriophage Q is an icosahedral virus with a diameter of 25 nm. Its host is Escherichia coli . Q enters its host cell through the side of the F pilus . Genetics The genome of Q is 4218 nucleotides long. The genome has three open reading frame s and encodes four protein s A1, A2, CP and q replicase . The genome is highly structured, which regulates gene expression and protects the genome from host RNase s. Protein A2 A2 is called the maturation protein due to its lysis activity. One copy of A2 is present per virion. The mechanism of lysis is similar to that of penicillin A2 inhibits the formation of peptidoglycan by inhibiting the enzyme UDP N acetylglucosamine 1 carboxyvinyltransferase MurA , which catalyzes the first committed step of peptidoglycan synthesis. A2 also functions in host cell recognition and cell entry. When A2 binds to the sex pilus of the bacterium, A2 cleaves and forms a pore into the host. RNA Polymerase The RNA polymerase that replicates both the plus and minus RNA strands is a complex of four proteins the beta subunit replicase is encoded by the phage, while the other three subunits are encoded by the bacterial genome alpha subunit ribosomal protein S1 , gamma subunit EF Tu , and delta subunit EF Ts . ref name van Duin van Duin J, Tsareva N. Single stranded RNA phages. Chapter 15 pp. 175 196 in Calendar RL ed. , The Bacteriophages Second Edition . Oxford University Press, 2006. ref References references DEFAULTSORT Bacteriophage Q Category Bacteriophages es Bacteri fago Q ... more details
eutrophication . In sediments Marine bacteriophage form an important part of deep sea ecosystem s. There are between ... sea sediments in biogeochemical cycles, marine bacteriophage must influence the carbon cycle carbon ... aquatic ecosystem topics expanded none DEFAULTSORT Marine Bacteriophage Category Marine biology ... more details
The CTX bacteriophage is a filamentous phage filamentous bacteriophage that contains the genetic material needed by the Vibrio cholerae bacterium for the production of cholera toxin , or CT. CTX is a positive virus with single stranded DNA ssDNA . ref cite journal pmid 20197438 year 2010 last1 Boyd first1 E. Fidelma title Efficiency and specificity of CTX chromosomal integration dif makes all the difference volume 107 issue 9 pages 3951 2 doi 10.1073 pnas.1000310107 pmc 2840105 journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ref Genetic Material CTX is generally present as an integrated section of the genome of the V. cholerae bacterium, and more rarely in a virion form outside the bacterium. While integrated into the bacterial genome, the CTX prophages are found on each of the two chromosomes O1 serogroup of V. cholerae or arranged tandemly on the larger chromosome of bacterium El Tor biotype of V. cholerae . ref name boyd cite journal pmid 10678967 year 2000 last1 Boyd first1 E. Fidelma last2 Moyer first2 Kathryn E. last3 Shi first3 Lei last4 Waldor first4 Matthew K. title Infectious CTX and the Vibrio Pathogenicity Island Prophage in Vibrio mimicus Evidence for Recent Horizontal Transfer between V. mimicus and V. cholerae volume 68 issue 3 pages 1507 13 pmc 97308 journal Infection and Immunity doi 10.1128 IAI.68.3.1507 1513.2000 ref The genome of CTX is 6.9 kilo base pair kb long and consists of two regions. The core region contains genes that code for the CT toxin itself as well as some proteins that are presumed to form the outside coat of the virus. The RS2 region contains the genes that control the replication, regulation, and integration of CTX . ref name boyd Insertion, Replication and Release from Host Cell The insertion ... similar to those of the Ff bacteriophage, which infects the bacterium Escherichia coli and requires ... virion forms of the bacteriophage, the proteins assemble at a membranous protein complex, the EpsD secretin ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Giles image image width image caption virus group ordo Caudovirales familia Siphoviridae genus species Giles Giles is a bacteriophage that infects Mycobacterium smegmatis bacterium bacteria . ref cite journal last Morris first P coauthors Marinelli, LJ, Jacobs Sera, D, Hendrix, RW, Hatfull, GF title Genomic characterization of mycobacteriophage Giles evidence for phage acquisition of host DNA by illegitimate recombination journal Journal of bacteriology date 2008 Mar volume 190 issue 6 pages 2172 82 doi 10.1128 JB.01657 07 pmid 18178732 pmc 2258872 ref The genome of this phage is very different from that of other mycobacteriophage s and is highly mosaic genetics mosaic . More than half of its predicted genes are novel and are not seen in other species. ref cite journal last Hatfull first GF coauthors Jacobs Sera, D, Lawrence, JG, Pope, WH, Russell, DA, Ko, CC, Weber, RJ, Patel, MC, Germane, KL, Edgar, RH, Hoyte, NN, Bowman, CA, Tantoco, AT, Paladin, EC, Myers, MS, Smith, AL, Grace, MS, Pham, TT, O Brien, MB, Vogelsberger, AM, Hryckowian, AJ, Wynalek, JL, Donis Keller, H, Bogel, MW, Peebles, CL, Cresawn, SG, Hendrix, RW title Comparative genomic analysis of 60 Mycobacteriophage genomes genome clustering, gene acquisition, and gene size journal Journal of molecular biology date 2010 Mar 19 volume 397 issue 1 pages 119 43 pmid 20064525 doi 10.1016 j.jmb.2010.01.011 pmc 2830324 ref References reflist External links http phagesdb.org phages Giles Mycobacteriophage Database Giles http www.uniprot.org taxonomy 480808 UniProt Taxonomy virus stub Category Mycobacteriophages ... more details
Infobox protein family Symbol Phage B Name Scaffold protein B image PDB 1cd3 EBI.jpg width caption procapsid of bacteriophage phix174 Pfam PF02304 Pfam clan InterPro IPR003513 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP 1cd3 TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD Infobox protein family Symbol gpD Name Bacteriophage scaffolding protein D image PDB 1tx9 EBI.jpg width caption gpd prior to capsid assembly Pfam PF02925 Pfam clan InterPro IPR004196 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP 1al0 TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD In molecular biology, bacteriophage scaffolding proteins are proteins involved in bacteriophage assembly. The assembly of a macromolecular secondary structure structure proceeds via a specific pathway of ordered events and involves conformational changes in the proteins as they join the assembly. The assembly process is aided by scaffolding proteins, which act as chaperone protein chaperones . In bacteriophage, scaffolding protein proteins B and D are responsible for procapsid formation. 240 copies of protein D form the external scaffold, while 60 copies of protein B form the internal scaffold. ref name pmid9305849 cite journal author Dokland T, McKenna R, Ilag LL, Bowman BR, Incardona NL, Fane BA, Rossmann MG title Structure of a viral procapsid with molecular scaffolding journal Nature volume 389 issue 6648 pages 308 13 year 1997 month September pmid 9305849 doi 10.1038 38537 url ref The role of scaffolding protein D is in the production of virus viral SsRNA single stranded RNA . References reflist InterPro content IPR004196 InterPro content IPR003513 Category Protein domains ... more details
. For these reasons, bacteriophage s i.e. virus es that infect bacteria are especially favored ... Disease. Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore. Bibliography http en.citizendium.org wiki Bacteriophage ... of bacteriophage T7. Genetics 161 11 20. Oakley, T. H., and C. W. Cunningham, 2000. Independent contrasts succeed where ancestor reconstruction fails in a known bacteriophage phylogeny. Evolution ..., 1997. Parallel molecular evolution of deletions and nonsense mutations in bacteriophage T7. Mol ..., 1993. Experimental molecular evolution of bacteriophage T7. Evolution 47 993 1007. Hillis, D.M. ... in bacteriophage Q RNA affecting host factor dependence of Q replicase. J. Mol. Biol. 295 149 ... Costs of Niche Expansion in the RNA Bacteriophage 6. Genetics 172 751 757. Pepin, K. M., M .... Infection and removal of L forms of Listeria monocytogenes with bred bacteriophage. Int. J. Food ..., and S. Adhya. 1996. Long circulating bacteriophage as antibacterial agents. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci ... mutation in the DNA bacteriophage X174. Genetics. 170 989 999. Poon, A., and L. Chao. 2004. Drift increases the advantage of sex in RNA bacteriophage 6. Genetics 166 19 24. Holder, K. K., and J. J .... Badgett, and H. A. Wichman. 2000. Big benefit mutations in a bacteriophage inhibited with heat. Mol .... 2005. The rate of compensatory mutation in the DNA bacteriophage X174. Genetics. 170 989 999. Heineman ... re evolution of lysis in a bacteriophage deleted for its lysin gene. J. Mol. Evol. 61 181 191. Hayashi ... of TabR bacteria Hosts that restrict bacteriophage T4 rII mutants Mol. Gen. Genet. 188 60 68 ... bacteriophage T4 gene 32 mutants Mol. Gen. Genet. 188 69 76. There are many examples in the early ... 75 78. Wang, I. N. 2006. Lysis timing and bacteriophage fitness. Genetics 172 17 26. Abedon, S. T., P. Hyman, and C. Thomas. 2003. Experimental examination of bacteriophage latent period evolution as a response ... the advantage of sex in RNA bacteriophage Turner, P. E., and L. Chao. 1998. Sex and the evolution of intrahost ... more details
A coliphage is a type of bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli . Examples include Bacteriophage lambda and Leviviridae . External links MeshName Coliphages Category Bacteriophages Virus stub ru ... more details
Orphan date June 2009 Unreferenced date June 2009 An actinophage is a bacteriophage that attacks species of the order Actinomycetales . Category Bacteriophages Virus stub ... more details
Polynucleotide kinase or PNK is a T7 phage T7 bacteriophage or bacteriophage T4 T4 bacteriophage enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a gamma phosphate from Adenosine triphosphate ATP to the free hydroxyl end of the 5 DNA or RNA . The resulting product could be used to end label DNA or RNA, or in a ligation reaction. External links http www.vivo.colostate.edu hbooks genetics biotech enzymes pnk.html Vivo http www.neb.com nebecomm products productM0236.asp New England Biolabs T4 PNK page Other Languages DEFAULTSORT Polynucleotide Kinase Category Enzymes Cell biology stub fr Polynucl otide kinase ... more details
Phage is the shortened form of bacteriophage , a virus that infects bacteria. Phage from Greek phagein, to eat may also refer to In virology Enterobacteria phage T2 , virulent bacteriophage of the T4 like viruses genus Enterobacteria phage T4 , phage that infects E. coli bacteria Lambda phage , temperate bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli M13 phage , filamentous bacteriophage composed of circular single stranded DNA P22 phage , virus that infects salmonella Phi X174 phage , the first organism to have its genome sequenced Pseudomonas phage 6 , the best studied bacteriophage of the family Cystoviridae T7 phage , phage capable of infecting susceptible bacterial cells In molecular biology Phage display , test to screen for protein interactions by integrating multiple genes from a gene bank into phages Phage ecology , the study of the interaction of bacteriophage with their environments Phage monographs , books published on the topic of bacteriophage Phage therapy , alternative disease treatment to antibiotics In cellular biology Phagocyte , a cell that ingests foreign cells, viruses, and debris Macrophage , a large phagocyte that originates from a monocyte In other fields Phage Voyager episode Phage Voyager episode , the fifth episode of the television series Star Trek Voyager Phage comics , supervillain from the Spider Man comic books Shadow Galactica Phage Phages , monsters of the day in the final season of Sailor Moon Sailor Stars List of characters in Magic The Gathering P Phage Phage, the Untouchable a character from Magic the Gathering Phages EP Phages , an EP by Canadian rock group The Most Serene Republic Phage computer virus Phage , a computer virus affecting the Palm OS operating system Phages, or Knights of Avalon, are generically engineered humans in the novel Dances on the Snow , trained from an early age to fight any threat to the Human Empire. disambig nl Phage ... more details
P22 can refer to P22 phage , a bacteriophage virus that infects bacteria P22 phosphor, a common phosphor used in CRTs Walther P22 , a semi automatic pistol manufactured by Walther Sportwaffen P22 type foundry , a digital type foundry that creates fonts and also a List of National Roads in Latvia Latvian first class State road Letter NumberCombDisambig ... more details
Taxobox virus group iv familia Leviviridae subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Levivirus br Allolevivirus The Leviviridae are a family of virus es, including the following genera Genus Levivirus type species Bacteriophage MS2 Enterobacteria phage MS2 Genus Allolevivirus type species Bacteriophage Q Enterobacteria phage Q External links http www.expasy.org viralzone all by species 163.html Viralzone Leviviridae Category RNA viruses Category Bacteriophages Virus stub ar ca Leviv rid es Leviviridae zh ... more details
Orphan date November 2006 Context date October 2009 For the dietary behaviour term, see polyphagy . Polyphage are genomic Oligomer multimers of bacteriophage in which multiple viral particles are all encapsulated, one after the other, within the same set of coat proteins. This phenomenon is characteristic of filamentous phage . ref cite journal last Lopez first J coauthors Webster, RE title Morphogenesis of filamentous bacteriophage f1 orientation of extrusion and production of polyphage. journal Virology date 1983 May volume 127 issue 1 pages 177 93 pmid 6858000 ref References reflist Category Bacteriophages Category Microbiology bacteria stub ... more details
Endolysin is a generic term describing an enzyme that degrades the bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall, resulting in lysis of the bacterial cell. ref Young, R. 1992 Bacteriophage lysis mechanism and regulation. Microbiol. Rev. 56 430 81. ref At the end of the bacteriophage replication cycle, bacteriophages have to release their newly formed Progeny genetic descendant progeny . The major barrier to overcome is the peptidoglycan . To degrade this layer, bacteriophages contain endolysins. Depending on the bond these enzymes cleave, we can distinguish muramidase s lysozyme , transglycosylase s, amidase s or endopeptidase s. References reflist 2 Category Bacteriophages Enzyme stub ... more details
Infobox University image name image size name George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology established 1916 director Dr. Revaz Adamia location Eliava IBMV, 3, Gotua str., Tbilisi 0160, Georgia city Tbilisi country Georgia affiliations website http www.eliava institute.org www.eliava institute.org coor The George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology ref http www.eliava institute.org George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology ref aka Tbilisi Institute has been active since the 1930s in the field of phage therapy , which is used to combat microbial infection cf. antibiotic resistant strains . History The institute was opened ... of bacteriophage s until 1919 1921. In those years he met Felix d Herelle during a visit ... books to Stalin, The Bacteriophage and the Phenomenon of Cure , written and published in Tbilisi in 1935 ..., and continued its activity in the field of bacteriophage research. In 1938, the Institute of Bacteriophage ..., and the Institute of Microbiology, Epidemiology and Bacteriophage was formed. It existed until 1951 ... Bacteriophage SIU Bacteriophage . Around that time, its scientific portion was renamed the George Eliava Research Institute of Bacteriophage. Based on the original intentions of D Herelle and Eliava, the Bacteriophage Institute retained its leadership among other institutes of similar profile over ... became a general Soviet institute for the development and production of bacteriophage drugs. Patients ... Institute s facilities were damaged and decades of research on bacteriophage nearly went down the drain. Thousands of bacteriophage samples identified over the years and catalogued in huge, refrigerated ... that of continued bacteriophage therapy. The situation at the Eliava Institute continued to deteriorate ... institute.org George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology http www.evergreen.edu ..., April 1996, Smaller fleas...ad infinitum Therapeutic Bacteriophage Redux, by Joshua Lederberg, Raymond ... more details
the binding interactions so that only specific peptides presented by bacteriophage are bound to the target. For example, selecting antibody presented by bacteriophage with coated antigen in microtiter ... produced by bacteriophage are specific. The resulting filamentous phages can infect Gram negative Gram ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Mu phage image image width image caption virus group I ordo Caudovirales familia Myoviridae genus Mu like viruses species Mu Phage Bacteriophage Mu or phage Mu is a temperate bacteriophage , a type of virus that infects bacteria . Morphology It has an icosahedral head, a contractile tail and 6 tail fibres. ref cite book author Birge, E title Bacterial and bacteriophage genetics edition 4th publisher Springer year 2000 isbn 0387987304 ref Replication It uses DNA based Transposon transposition to integrate its genome into the genome of the host cell that it is infecting. It can then use transposition to initiate its viral DNA replication. Once the viral DNA is inserted into the bacteria, the Mu transposase protein enzyme in the cell recognises the recombination sites at the ends of the viral DNA gix L and gix R sites and binds to them, allowing the process of replicating the viral DNA or embedding it into the host genome. ref cite book author Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P title Molecular Biology of the Cell edition 4th ed. publisher Garland year 2002 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov books bv.fcgi?rid mboc4.TOC&depth 2 isbn 0815332181 ref References Reflist External links http www.expasy.org viralzone all by species 507.html Viralzone mu like viruses DEFAULTSORT Mu Phage Category Bacteriophages Category Microbiology Virus stub ... more details
A prohead or procapsid is an immature viral capsid structure formed in the early stages of self assembly of some bacteriophages , including the Caudovirales or tailed bacteriophages. ref cite journal last Catalano first C. E. coauthors Cue, D. Feiss, M. title Virus DNA packaging the strategy used by phage journal Molecular Microbiology year 1995 volume 16 issue 6 pages 1075 1086 doi 10.1111 j.1365 2958.1995.tb02333.x ref Production and assembly of stable proheads is an essential precursor to bacteriophage genome packaging this packaging activity can be replicated in vitro . ref cite journal last Murialdo first H. coauthors Becker, A. title Assembly of Biologically Active Proheads of Bacteriophage Lambda in vitro journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences year 1977 volume 74 issue 3 pages 906 910 doi 10.1073 pnas.74.3.906 ref The prohead structure may take a different shape from the head of a mature virion, as seen with the prohead of Bacillus subtilis phage 29. ref cite journal last Ivanovska first I. L., et al. title Bacteriophage capsids Tough nanoshells with complex elastic properties journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences year 2004 volume 101 issue 20 pages 7600 7605 doi 10.1073 pnas.0308198101 pmid 15133147 pmc 419652 ref References reflist Category Bacteriophages virus stub ... more details
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