weight gain YesNo No risks medical notes Basalbodytemperature is the lowest temperature attained by the body during rest usually during sleep . It is generally measured immediately after awakening and before any physical activity has been undertaken, although the temperature measured at that time is somewhat higher than the true basalbodytemperature see Fig. 1 . In women, ovulation causes an increase of one half to one degree Fahrenheit one quarter to one half degree Celsius in basalbodytemperature BBT monitoring of BBTs is one way of estimating the day of ovulation. The tendency ... DEFAULTSORT BasalBodyTemperature Category Gynaecology Category Fertility tracking cs Baz ln t lesn teplota de Basaltemperatur es M todo de la temperatura basal it Temperatura basale nl Basale lichaamstemperatuur ja pl Podstawowa temperatura cia a pt Temperatura corporal basal ru ...Image Body Temp Variation.png thumb 250px Fig. 1 Diurnal variation in bodytemperature, ranging from about val 37.5 u C from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m., and falling to about val 36.4 u C from 2 a.m. to 6 a.m. Image BBT05.jpg thumb 250px Fig. 2 Example of a basalbodytemperature chart. Menstruation begins on day 1. The rise in temperature between days 14 and 18 are the indication of ovulation. Temperature was taken orally with a regular fever thermometer. Temperature reading is very sensitive to breaks in the regular sleep rhythm e.g. sleeping in on day 25 Infobox Birth control name Basalbodytemperature ... s bodytemperature drops to her pre ovulatory normal as the placenta takes over functions previously ... anovulatory or have a luteal phase defect. Records of basalbody temperatures can be used to accurately ... 316 ref Tracking basalbody temperatures is a more accurate method of estimating gestational age than ... File MenstrualCycle2 en.svg thumb 250px right Fig. 3 Menstrual cycle Charting of basalbody temperatures ... 0.3 typical failure 3.1 ref cite journal last D ring first GK title The reliability of temperature ... more details
binding domain of gamma tubulin in the regulation of basalbody biogenesis. J. Cell Biol ... from a basal granule. References reflist External links BUHistology 21804loa Ultrastructure of the Cell ciliated epithelium, cilia and basal bodies Category Organelles Cell biology stub Organelles cs Baz ln t l sko de Basalk rper es Cuerpo basal gl Corpo basal kk tr Bazal cisimcik ... more details
Infobox film name BodyTemperature image alt caption director Takaomi Ogata producer writer starring Chavetaro Ishizaki br Rin Sakuragi music cinematography editing studio distributor released Film date 2011 9 23 Fantastic Fest runtime 72 minutes country Film Japan language Japanese budget gross Nihongo BodyTemperature is a 2010 Japanese romantic drama film directed by Takaomi Ogata . ref Cite web url http yubarifanta.com index pc.php?ct rep read.php&number 800 title date 2011 07 06 accessdate 2011 09 30 language Japanese work Yubari International Fantastic Film Festival ref ref Cite web url http fantasticfest.festivalgenius.com 2011 films bodytemperature takaomiogata fantasticfest2011 title BODYTEMPERATURE accessdate 2011 09 30 work Fantastic Fest ref ref Cite web url http twitchfilm.com reviews 2011 09 fantastic fest 2011 bodytemperature review.php title FANTASTIC FEST 2011 BODYTEMPERATURE Review author Marsh, James date 2011 09 27 accessdate 2011 09 30 work Twitch Film ref Cast Chavetaro Ishizaki Rin Sakuragi References reflist External links Official website http paranoidkitchen.com movie bodytemperature official Category 2010s drama films Category 2010s romance films Category 2011 films Category Films directed by Takaomi Ogata Category Japanese drama films Category Japanese romance films 2010s Japan film stub ... more details
wiktionary basalBasal or basilar is a term meaning base , bottom , or minimum . Science Basal anatomy , an anatomical term of location for features associated with the base of an organism or structure Basal medicine , a minimal level that is necessary for health or life, such as a minimum insulin dose Basal phylogenetics , the base or earliest clade to branch in a larger clade All of the following terms are WP PTM partial title matches and don t belong on this disambiguation page, unless they are widely known as just basalBasalbody , an organelle formed from a centriole, and a short cylindrical array of microtubules Basalbodytemperature , the lowest temperature attained by the body during rest Basal cell carcinoma , the most common type of skin cancer Basal crepitations , crackling noises at the base of a lung or lungs Basal forebrain , a collection of structures located ventrally to the striatum Basal ganglia , a group of sub cortical nuclei at the base of the brain Basal lamina , the surface on which epithelial cells are attached Basal membrane , a surface of a polarized cell s plasma membrane Basal metabolic rate , the amount of daily energy expended while at rest in a neutrally temperate environment, in the post absorptive state Basilar artery , a major artery in the brain Places Basal, Hungary , a village in Hungary Basal, Pakistan , a village in the Attock District Other Basal sliding , the act of a glacier sliding over the bed before it due to meltwater under the ice acting as a lubricant disambig ca Basal hu Baz lis egy rtelm s t lap ... more details
About the general medical term other uses Basal disambiguation Unreferenced date December 2009 Basal when used in a medical sense refers to a minimal level that is necessary for health or life. As used by diabetics and health care professionals, it describes a low, continuous dosage of insulin either as a basal rate from an insulin pump or a Lantus slow acting insulin injection intended to cover the glucose output of the liver . This works together with a Bolus medicine bolus of insulin, which is a dosage of insulin intended to cover a meal or to make a large glucose level correction. See also Basalbodytemperature DEFAULTSORT Basal Medicine Category Diabetes Category Insulin therapies medical stub ... more details
. This is one reason why the human body has several elaborate mechanisms for maintaining the temperature ... in the body. Statistical mechanics approach to temperature Statistical mechanics provides a microscopic ... absolute thermodynamic temperature. Nevertheless, any one given body and any one suitable empirical ... for bodies not in a steady state When a body is not in a steady state, then the notion of temperature ...pp move indef About the thermodynamic property Temperature disambiguation Image MonthlyMeanT.gif thumb .... Temperature is a physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses the common notions of heat hot and cold . Objects of low temperature are cold, while various degrees of higher temperatures ... temperature to bodies of lower temperature, at a rate that increases with the temperature difference and the thermal conductivity . No heat will be exchanged between bodies of the same temperature such bodies are said to be in thermal equilibrium . The temperature of a substance typically varies ... to the mean kinetic energy of its constituent particles. Formally, temperature is defined as the derivative of the internal energy with respect to the entropy . Quantitatively, temperature is measured with thermometers , which may be calibration calibrated to a variety of Temperature conversion formulas temperature scales . Image Thermally Agitated Molecule.gif 280px thumb right Thermal vibration of a segment of protein alpha helix . The amplitude of the vibrations increases with temperature. Temperature plays an important role in all fields of natural science, including physics , geology , chemistry , atmospheric sciences and biology . Use in science File Annual Average Temperature Map.jpg thumb 400px Annual mean temperature around the world Many physical properties of materials ... , solubility , vapor pressure , and electrical conductivity depend on the temperature. Temperature ... consequences. Temperature also determines the thermal radiation emitted from a surface. One application ... more details
unreferenced date July 2008 A basal dendrite is a dendrite that emerges from the base of a pyramidal cell that receives information from nearby neurons and passes it to the soma, or cell body. Category Cerebrum Category Neurons neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Basal sliding is the act of a glacier sliding over the bed before it due to meltwater under the ice acting as a lubricant . This movement very much depends on the temperature of the area, the slope of the glacier, the bed s sediment size, the amount of meltwater from the glacier, and the glacier s size. The movement that happens to these glaciers as they slide is that of a jerky motion where any seismic event s, especially at the base of glacier, can cause movement. Most movement is found to be caused by pressured meltwater or very small water saturated sediments underneath the glacier. This gives the glacier a much smoother surface on which to move as opposed to a harsh surface that tends to slow the speed of the sliding. Although meltwater is the most common source of basal sliding, it has been shown that water saturated sediment can also play up to 90 of the basal movement these glaciers make. The most activity seen from basal sliding is within thin glaciers that are resting on a steep slope, and this most commonly happens during the summer seasons when the sun melts away some of the exposed glacier. Factors that can slow or stop basal sliding relate to the glacier s composition and also the surrounding environment. Glacier movement is resisted by debris , whether it is inside the glacier or under the glacier. This can affect the amount of movement that is made by the glacier by a large percentage especially if the slope on which it lies is low. The traction caused by this sediment can halt a steadily moving glacier if it interferes with the underlying sediment or water that was helping to carry it. Great Lakes were created due to basal movement. cn date February 2012 References Easterbrook, D. J. 1999. Surface Processes and Landforms, 2nd ed. Prentice Hall, Inc. p. 297 300. glaciers Category Glaciology glaciology stub it Slittamento basale pt Deslizamento basal ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Basal ganglia Latin nuclei basales GraySubject GrayPage Image Basal Ganglia and Related Structures.svg Caption Basal ganglia labeled at top right. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 206 MeshName Basal Ganglia MeshNumber A08.186.211.730.885.105 NeuroLex Basal ganglia NeuroLexID birnlex 826 DorlandsPre n 11 DorlandsSuf 12580456 The basal ganglia or basal nuclei are a group of Nucleus neuroanatomy nuclei of varied origin in the brain .... The basal ganglia are associated with a variety of functions, including voluntary motor control ... first3 John R. title Conditional Routing of Information to the Cortex A Model of the Basal Ganglia ... implicate the basal ganglia primarily in action selection , that is, the decision of which of several ... V. S. last2 Joseph first2 Denny last3 Bapi first3 Raju S. title What do the basal ganglia do? A modeling ... doi 10.1007 s00422 010 0401 y ref Experimental studies show that the basal ganglia exert an inhibitory ... permits a motor system to become active. The behavior switching that takes place within the basal ... j.neuropsychologia.2010.03.015 pages 1948 57 journal Neuropsychologia ref The main components of the basal ... Kluwer & Lippincott Wiliams & Wilkins chapter Basal Ganglia and the Striatal Motor System year 2008 ... brain areas but sends output only to other components of the basal ganglia. The pallidum receives ... a complex internal anatomical and neurochemical organization. The basal ganglia play a central role ... to the striatum. ref name a1 ref name brs Basal ganglia dysfunction is also implicated in some other ... developing theories. Citation needed date August 2011 The basal ganglia have a limbic system limbic ... volume 37 issue 4 pages 674 80 pmid 21097511 pmc 3122276 ref File Basal ganglia horizontal section.jpg thumb right 300px Basal ganglia File Basal ganglia 1.jpg thumb right 300px Basal ganglia on frontal section of brain Anatomy Main Anatomical subdivisions and connections of the basal ganglia In terms ... more details
Basal plate may refer to Basal plate neural tube , the region of the neural tube ventral to the sulcus limitans Basal plate placenta , between this plate and the uterine muscular fibres are the stratum spongiosum and the boundary layer The base of a plant s bulb The pedal disc , in anatomy of the sea anemone, the surface opposite to the mouth disambiguation ... more details
Infobox settlement more fields are available for this Infobox See Template Infobox Settlement coordinates display inline,title coordinates region HU subdivision type Countries of the world Country subdivision name HUN timezone Central European Time CET utc offset 1 timezone DST Central European Summer Time CEST utc offset DST 2 official name Basal map Image BaranyaMegye.png center thumb 275px Location of Baranya county in Hungary subdivision type1 Counties of Hungary County subdivision name1 Baranya county Baranya area total km2 4.04 population total 208 population as of 2004 population density km2 51.48 postal code type Postal code postal code 7922 area code 73 pushpin map Hungary pushpin label position the position of the pushpin label left, right, top, bottom, none pushpin map caption Location of Basal, Hungary pushpin mapsize latd 46.07489 longd 17.78423 Basal lang hr Ba alija is a village in Baranya county Baranya county, Hungary . External links http www.terkepcentrum.hu index.asp?go map&tid 15495 Street map hu icon Baranya geo stub Category Populated places in Baranya county eo Basal fr Basal Baranya hr Ba alija it Basal hu Basal pl Basal sk Basal sl Basal, Mad arska ... more details
In phylogenetics , a basal clade is the earliest clade to branch in a larger clade it appears at the base of a cladogram . A basal group forms an Outgroup cladistics outgroup to the rest of the clade, such as in the following example phylogeny Basal group clade Non basal group Non basal group Non basal group Non basal group The word basal is preferred to the term primitive , which may carry false connotations of inferiority or a lack of complexity. The term basal can only be correctly applied to clades of organisms, not to individual traits possessed by the organisms although it can be misused in this manner in technical literature. While the term basal applies to clades, characters or traits are usually considered derived if they are absent in a basal group, but present in other groups. This assumption only holds true if the basal group is a good analogy for the last common ancestor of the group. As an example, the flowering plant family Amborellaceae is considered the most basal Lineage evolution lineage of extant angiosperm s. clade phylogeny Amborellales Clade Monocot s Magnoliid s Eudicot s In animal family Hominidae , the gorillas are an outgroup to chimpanzees, bonobos and humans. These four species form a clade, the subfamily Homininae , of which gorillas are the basal member. clade phylogeny Clade Human s clade Bonobo s Common Chimpanzee Chimpanzee s Gorilla s However, in the family Hominidae, the orangutans form an outgroup to the subfamily Homininae, the clade to which gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos and humans all belong. clade Orangutan s clade phylogeny Clade Human s clade Bonobo s Common Chimpanzee Chimpanzee s Gorilla s References cite journal title A critical ... Page publisher Tree of Life web project Category Phylogenetics ca Basal filog nia es Basal eo Baza filogenetiko fr Base phylog n tique gl Basal filoxenia hu Baz lis filogenetika nl Basaal fylogenetische systematiek pl Klad bazalny pt Basal filogen tica ru sv Basal biologi uk ... more details
In biology , basal rate is the rate of continuous supply of some chemical or process. In the case of diabetes mellitus , it is a low rate of continuous insulin supply needed for such purposes as controlling cellular glucose and amino acid uptake. Together with a Bolus medicine bolus of insulin, the basal insulin completes the total insulin needs of an type 1 diabetes insulin dependent person. An insulin pump and wristop controller is one way to arrange for a closely controlled basal insulin rate. The slow release insulins e.g., Lantus and Levemir can provide a similar effect. External links http www.diabetescaregroup.info insulin pump terminology Insulin Pump Terminology Basal Rates Category Diabetes Category Insulin therapies biochem stub de Basalrate ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Basal forebrain Latin pars basalis telencephali GraySubject GrayPage Image Basal Forebrain Monakhos 2007.png Caption The Basal Forebrain BrainInfoType ancil BrainInfoNumber 1997 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein MeshNumber NeuroLex Basal Forebrain NeuroLexID birnlex 1560 The basal forebrain is a collection of structures located ventrally to the striatum . It is considered to be the major cholinergic output of the central nervous system CNS . It includes a group of structures that lie near the bottom of the front of the brain, including the nucleus basalis , diagonal band of Broca , and medial septal nuclei . These structures are important in the production of acetylcholine , which is then distributed widely throughout the brain. Function Acetylcholine affects the ability of brain cells to transmit information to one another, and also encourages plasticity, or learning. Thus, damage to the basal forebrain can reduce the amount of acetylcholine in the brain and impair learning. This may be one reason why basal forebrain damage can result in memory impairments such as amnesia and confabulation. One common cause of basal forebrain damage is aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery. ref http www.memorylossonline.com glossary basalforebrain.html Memory Loss & the Brain ... oxide production in the basal forebrain is both necessary and sufficient to produce sleep . ref http ... inhibits the release of acetylcholine . Acetylcholine is known to promote wakefulness in the basal forebrain. Inhibition of acetylcholine release in the basal forebrain by adenosine causes slow wave sleep . The basal forebrain and adjacent areas are a focus for sleep research. Stimulating the basal ... External links http www.neuinfo.org nif nifgwt.html?query 22Basal 20Forebrain 22 NIF Search Basal Forebrain via the Neuroscience Information Framework Cerebral limbic system Category Rostral basal ganglia and associated structures fr Prosenc phale basal ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin lamina basalis GraySubject GrayPage Image Basal lamina.jpg Caption Basal lamina lining outer surface of cell membrane Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber Code TerminologiaHistologica 2 00 00.0.00006 The basal lamina is a layer of extracellular matrix secreted by the epithelial cells, on which the epithelium sits. It is often confused with the basement membrane , and sometimes used inconsistently in the literature, see below. It is typically about 40 50 nanometer s thick with exceptions such as the basal laminae that compose the 100 200 nanometre thick glomerular basement membrane . It includes proteoglycan s. ref name ... TH title Heparan sulfate heterogeneity in skeletal muscle basal lamina demonstration by phage display ... of the basal lamina BL and those of the basement membrane BM are described below class wikitable ... above layers of the basal lamina typically sit on top of the reticular lamina, which is synthesized ..., in which the basal lamina of one epithelial layer fuses with that of the other. Anchoring fibrils composed of type VII collagen extend from the basal lamina into the underlying reticular lamina and loop around collagen bundles. Although found beneath all basal laminae, they are especially numerous ... , which is found outside the basal lamina. ref BUHistology 22203loa ref Basal lamina vs. basement membrane The term basal lamina is usually used with electron microscopy , while the term basement membrane ... microscopy refers to the stained structure anchoring an epithelial layer. This encompasses the basal lamina secreted by epithelial cells and typically a reticular lamina secreted by other cells. The basal ... of an electron microscope, the basal lamina and lamina reticularis are visibly distinct structures ... anatomy Category Histology ca L mina basal cs Baz ln lamina de Basallamina es L mina basal eu Xafla basal fr Lame basale hi lt Pamatin lamina tr Bazal zar fa ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2007 Basal area is the term used in forest management that defines the cross sectional area of a tree at DBH, inside the bark . In most countries, this is usually a measurement taken at a specimen s Diameter at breast height breast height 1.3m or 4.5ft above the ground and includes the entire diameter of every tree, including the bark. Measurements are usually made for 1 hectare of land for comparison purposes to examine a forest s productivity and growth rate. To estimate a tree s basal area, use the tree s diameter at breast height DBH inside the bark in inches with the following formula Basal Area 3.1416 x DBH 2 sup 2 sup 144 Note The 144 is there to convert from Sq Inches to Sq Feet This formula simplifies to Basal Area 0.005454 x DBH sup 2 sup The result will be in ft sup 2 sup . For the DBH in cm use Basal Area 0.00007854 x dbh sup 2 sup The result will be in m sup 2 sup . The basal area of a forest stand can be found be adding the basal areas as calculated above of all of the trees in an area and dividing by the area of land in which the trees were measured. Basal area is generally expressed as ft sup 2 sup acre or m sup 2 sup ha. A wedge prism can be used to quickly estimate the basal area per hectare. To find your Basal Area using this method, simply multiply your BAF Basal Area Factor by the number of in trees in your variable radius plot. The BAF will vary based on the prism used, common BAF s include 5 8 10, and all in trees are those trees, when viewed through your prism from plot centre, that appear to be in line with the standing tree on the outside of the prism. References R. H dl, M. Sv tek, M. Dancak, Rodzay A.W., M. Salleh A.B., Kamariah A.S. http botany.upol.cz prezentace dancak inventory plots tropical forests.pdf A new technique for inventory of permanent plots in tropical forests a case study from lowland dipterocarp forest ... Basal Area Category Forest modelling Forestry stub de Bestandesgrundfl che fr surface terri re ... more details
Infobox Vein Name Basal vein Latin vena basalis GraySubject 170 GrayPage 653 Image Gray565.png Caption Velum interpositum. Basal veins not labeled, but visible draining into great cerebral vein. Image2 Caption2 DrainsFrom DrainsTo internal cerebral vein Artery MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre v 05 DorlandsSuf 12849559 The basal vein is formed at the anterior perforated substance by the union of a a small anterior cerebral vein which accompanies the anterior cerebral artery and supplies the medial surface of the frontal lobe by the fronto basal vein. b the deep middle cerebral vein deep Sylvian vein , which receives tributaries from the Insular cortex insula and neighboring gyri , and runs in the lower part of the lateral cerebral fissure , and c the inferior striate veins , which leave the corpus striatum through the anterior perforated substance. The basal vein passes backward around the cerebral peduncle , and ends in the internal cerebral vein vein of Galen it receives tributaries from the interpeduncular fossa , the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle , the hippocampal gyrus , and the mid brain . External links http www.radnet.ucla.edu sections DINR Part 2016 Part16B1.htm Diagram at ucla.edu Gray s VeinsHeadNeck circulatory stub Category Veins of the head and neck es Vena basilar ... more details
refimprove date March 2011 Basal readers are textbooks used to teach reading process reading and associated skills to schoolchildren. Commonly called reading books or readers they are usually published as Anthology anthologies that combine previously published short stories , excerpts of longer narratives, and original works. A standard basal series comes with individual identical books for students, a Teacher s Edition of the book, and a collection of workbooks, assessments, and activities. A sequence of readers of increasing difficulty are called graded readers . ref http www.sil.org lingualinks literacy referencematerials glossaryofliteracyterms WhatIsAGradedReader.htm What is a graded reader? ref Description Basal readers are typically not organized. Stories are chosen to illustrate and develop ... points in a story. Critics of the basal reader industry, such as Rafe Esquith in his book, Teach ... questions the ability of the basal readers to stimulate students interest in reading. Other critics ... 2009 and point to the widespread failure of schools to teach reading as proof that basal readers are a waste of time. Benefits The highly pre planned nature of basal readers is seen as one of their strengths ... some benefits from using the on level basal. The exposure will prepare them for state testing. Using a basal reader as a starting point for grade level reading allows educators to quickly assess ... point. Criticisms Criticism section date July 2009 Some of the ostensible benefits of basal readers .... Citation needed date January 2011 History globalize date December 2010 Basal readers have ... regularly. The Scott Foresman Scott Foresman Company published what is perhaps the most famous basal ... a more phonics based approach. During the latter part of the 1980s, basal usage declined as reading ... acquisition which has sparked a resurgence in basal dominance. See also Portal Children s literature ... teachers FAQ DEFAULTSORT Basal Reader Category Learning to read cs Slabik pl Elementarz szl ... more details
Image Nymphaea alba close up.jpg thumb right Nymphaea alba , from the Nymphaeales The basal angiosperms are the first flowering plant s to diverge from the ancestral angiosperm. In particular, the most basal phylogenetics basal angiosperms are the so called ANITA grade which is made up of Amborella a single species of shrub from New Caledonia , Nymphaeales water lilies, together with some other aquatic plants and Austrobaileyales woody aromatic plants including star anise . ref citation doi 10.3732 ajb.0800016 url http www.amjbot.org cgi content full 96 1 166 title Pollination biology of basal angiosperms ANITA grade year 2009 author Thien, L. B. journal American Journal of Botany volume 96 issue 1 pages 166 182 last2 Bernhardt first2 P. last3 Devall first3 M. S. last4 Chen first4 Z. d. last5 Luo first5 Y. b. last6 Fan first6 J. H. last7 Yuan first7 L. C. last8 Williams first8 J. H. ref ANITA stands for the genera Amborella , Nymphaea , Illicium , Trimenia and Austrobaileya . The basal angiosperms are only a few hundred species, compared with hundreds of thousands of species of eudicot s, monocots or magnoliid s. They diverged from the ancestral angiosperm before the five groups comprising the mesangiosperm s diverged from each other. clade style font size 100 line height 100 label1 Angiospermae 1 clade 1 Amborella 2 Nymphaeales 3 Austrobaileyales 4 clade label1 Mesangiospermae 1 clade 1 Chloranthaceae 2 magnoliids 3 Ceratophyllum 4 monocots 5 eudicots Phylogeny Image Illicium anisatum K hler s Medizinal Pflanzen 075.jpg thumb left Japanese star anise Illicium anisatum , from the Austrobaileyales The exact relationships between Amborella , Nymphaeales and Austrobaileyales are not yet clear. Although most studies show that Amborella and Nymphaeales are more basal than Austrobaileyales, and all three are more basal than the mesangiosperms, there is significant molecular ... ajb.91.6.997 title Amborella not a basal angiosperm ? Not so fast year 2004 author Soltis, D. E ... more details
Image Sucker on tree.jpg right thumb A sucker emerging from the base of a young tree Image Suckers on stump.jpg right thumb This stump is almost entirely obscured by suckers. A basal shoot , root sprout , adventitious shoot , water sprout or sucker is a shoot or cane which grows from a bud at the base of a tree or shrub or from its root s. This shoot then becomes, or takes the form of, a singular plant. A plant that produces suckers is referred to as surculose . Root suckers may emerge some distance from the originating plant such as in Sumac Rhus spp , some Prunus species and Embothrium species. Suckers also may arise from the stumps of trees that have been cut down. Suckers on some ornamental plants are considered undesirable by horticulturists because the plant s energy is diverted to the sucker rather than to crown growth. Suckers arising from an unwanted tree stump can be controlled with herbicides such as glyphosate . This kills the entire plant, including suckers and roots. ref cite web title Controlling Sucker Sprouts From Roots and Stumps url http www.colostate.edu Depts CoopExt 4DMG Trees stump.htm publisher CSU Denver County Cooperative Extension Master Gardener date 2006 01 14 accessdate 2006 06 13 ref Suckers on a living plant cannot be removed in the same way as suckers from a stump because the application of an herbicide kills the plant. Horticulturists recommend removing suckers on trees and shrubs by tearing them away as close to the base as possible, removing soil if necessary. The buds that give rise to suckers are more readily destroyed through tearing than through cutting. In extreme cases, the root giving rise to the suckers can be separated from the tree entirely, then treated in the same way as a stump with suckers. ref cite web title Horticultural Advice Tree Suckers url http www.rhs.org.uk advice profiles1004 treesuckers.asp publisher Royal Horticultural Society accessdate 2006 06 13 ref In a grafting grafted plant, suckers may arise from a ... more details
wiktionarypar temperatureTemperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold. Closely related are Thermodynamic temperature Color temperature Effective temperature Normal human bodytemperature The term may also refer to Noise temperature , a measure of the noise of an electronic component. Temperature meat , or doneness, a description of how thoroughly cooked a cut of meat is Temperature song Temperature song , a song by Sean Paul Temperature Zion I song Temperature Zion I song Temperature , a song by Blaque from Blaque Out Temperature , a song by Little Walter Albums Little Walter See also Lookfrom Temperature disambig ca Temperatura desambiguaci de Temperatur Begriffskl rung la Temperatura discretiva lt Temperat ra reik m s pl Temperatura ujednoznacznienie ... more details
bodytemperature under various conditions by thermoregulation , part of mammalian homeostasis . The lowest normal temperature of a mammal, the basalbodytemperature , is achieved during sleep. In women ... a defined operating temperature, individuals are most comfortable when bodytemperature fluctuations ... rate . Amongst its functions is the regulation of bodytemperature. The core bodytemperature is also ... this ref has online ISSN of 1552 4531 Changes to the normal human bodytemperature may result in discomfort ...An operating temperature is the temperature at which an electrical or mechanical device operates. The device will operate effectively within a specified temperature range which varies based on the device function and application context, and ranges from the minimum operating temperature to the maximum operating temperature or peak operating temperature . Outside this range of safe operating temperatures the device may fail. Aerospace and military grade devices generally operate over a broader temperature range than industrial devices consumer grade devices generally have the lowest operating temperature ..., including temperature range. For example, resistor s are manufactured in several grades Citation ... 31 ref The MIL STD 810G standard specifies that the operating temperature stabilization is attained when the temperature of the functioning part s of the test item considered to have the longest thermal ... temperature loads . ref name MIL STD 810G for example, section 2.1.1 Military engine turbine blades ... at high temperature last Branco first Carlos Moura last2 Ritchie first2 Robert O. last3 Skleni ka ... dependent on operating temperature , ref name creep and creep analysis is thus an important part ... cooling systems into the device s design, reducing the peak temperature experienced by the metal ... can be improved by raising the operating temperature of the fuel elements. ref name propellant Cite ... velocity , is dependent solely on raising the operating temperature of the fuel elements ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2008 Brightness temperature is the temperature a black body in thermal equilibrium ... Jeans law math I nu frac 2 nu 2k T c 2 math so that the brightness temperature can be simply written as math T b epsilon T , math In general, the brightness temperature is a function of math nu math , and only in the case of Black body radiation blackbody radiation is it the same at all frequencies. The brightness temperature can be used to calculate the spectral index of a body, in the case of non ... of a grey body object at a frequency math nu math . This concept is extensively used in radio astronomy and planetary science . For a black body , Planck s law gives ref Rybicki, George B., Lightman ... range between math nu math and math nu d nu math , math T math is the temperature of the black body, math h math is Planck s constant , math nu math is frequency , math c math is the speed of light and math k math is Boltzmann s constant . For a grey body the spectral radiance is a portion of the black body radiance, determined by the emissivity math epsilon math . That makes the reciprocal of the brightness temperature math T b 1 frac k h nu , text ln left 1 frac e frac h nu kT 1 epsilon ... Jeans regime. That is not at all true Brightness temperature is a useful diagnostic for temperature measurement if the astronomical source is a black body and we are in the Rayleigh Jeans regime ... distribution is reintroduced into the expression for brightness temperature we find math T b frac h nu k text Exp h nu k T 1 math So, e.g. for the Sun, where the temperature may be estimated to be 6000K, we can plot the brightness temperature against wavelength and we find that when math h nu k T math is much less than one, the brightness temperature and physical temperature are the same, but at higher temperatures the brightness temperature is much lower. Image with unknown copyright status removed Image brightness temp2.jpg See also Compare with color temperature and effective temperature ... more details
possible to measure temperature by a direct use of the Planck s law of black body radiation . For example ... 38.7.JPG thumb right A medical clinical thermometer showing the temperature of 38.7 C Attempts of standardized temperature measurement have been reported as early as 170 AD by Galen Claudius Galenus . ref name quinn cite book author T. J. Quinn year 1983 title Temperature publisher Academic Press ... in the 17th century. Early devices to measure temperature were called thermoscope s. The first ... The development of today s thermometer s and temperature scales began in the early 18th century, when ... and the Kelvin scale. Technologies Many methods have been developed for measuring temperature. Most of these rely on measuring some physical property of a working material that varies with temperature. One of the most common devices for measuring temperature is the mercury in glass thermometer glass ..., which acts as the working fluid. Temperature increase causes the fluid to expand, so the temperature ... so that one can read the temperature simply by observing the level of the fluid in the thermometer ... standpoint, is the gas thermometer . Other important devices for measuring temperature include Thermocouple s Thermistor s Resistance Temperature Detector RTD Pyrometer Langmuir probe s for electron temperature of a Plasma physics plasma Infrared Other thermometer s One must be careful when measuring temperature to ensure that the measuring instrument thermometer, thermocouple, etc. is really the same temperature as the material that is being measured. Under some conditions heat from the measuring instrument can cause a temperature gradient, so the measured temperature is different from the actual temperature of the system. In such a case the measured temperature will vary not only with the temperature of the system, but also with the heat transfer properties of the system. An extreme ... windy conditions than calm conditions even though the temperature is the same. What is happening is that the wind ... more details
The Body may refer to Entertainment The Body short story The Body short story , a short story by Camillo Boito The Body novella The Body novella , a novel written by Stephen King The Body novel The Body novel , a novel by Richard Sapir The Body 1970 film The Body 1970 film , a documentary about the human anatomy The Body 2001 film The Body 2001 film , a film starring Antonio Banderas based on the book by Sapir The Body Buffy the Vampire Slayer The Body Buffy episode , the sixteenth episode of the fifth season of Buffy the Vampire Slayer People Marie McDonald , an American actress nicknamed The Body Elle Macpherson , an Australian supermodel nicknamed The Body Jesse Ventura , an American professional wrestler, actor, and politician nicknamed The Body See also Body disambiguation disambig de Body it The Body sv Body ... more details
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