marxism NOTOC In Marxism Marxist theory , human society consists of two parts the base and superstructure ... . The base determines conditions the superstructure, yet their relation is not strictly causal, because the superstructure often influences the base the influence of the base, however, predominates. In Vulgar Marxism , the base determines the superstructure in a one way relationship. ref Chandler ... claim that just as the base influences the superstructure, the superstructure also influences the base .... 50, 2008 . ref Marx postulated the essentials of the basesuperstructure concept in his http www.marxists.org ... superstructure axiom, however, requires qualification the base is the whole of productive relationships ..., etc. the basesuperstructure relationship is reciprocal Engels explains that the base determines the superstructure only in the last instance . ref Dictionary of the Social Sciences , Base and superstructure entry. ref Applications, Revisions, and Criticisms Marx s theory of base and superstructure ... Early sociologist Max Weber prefers a form of structuralism over a base and superstructure model of society in which he proposes that the base and superstructure are reciprocal in causality neither economic ... East Elbia research, he notes that contrary to what he considers the base and superstructure model we ... base and superstructure that during the Great Depression global economic crisis from 1929 to 1933 . ref ... sense of this phenomena, Reich recategorized social ideology as an element in the base not the superstructure ..., such as those of critical theory , criticise this conception of the basesuperstructure interaction ... loose, popular usages of base and superstructure as discrete entities, which, he explains, are not the intention ... of dynamic process. ref cite journal title Base and Superstructure in Marxist Cultural Theory journal ... pages id url format ref 20px 20px Can the base be separated from the superstructure? John Plamenatz makes two counterclaims regarding the clear cut separation of the base and superstructure. The first ... more details
about upward extensions of physical structures such as ships or buildings other uses superstructure disambiguation unreferenced date June 2007 File Mega smeralda bastia.JPG right 300px thumb The cruiseferry MS Mega Smeralda Mega Smeralda is a good example of a ship with a superstructure. The blue striped white painted superstructure stretches across the full length of the vessel. The lower yellow painted part of the ship is the hull watercraft hull . A superstructure is an upward extension of an existing structure above a baseline. This term is applied to various kinds of physical structures such as building s, bridge s, or ship s. The word superstructure is a combination of the Latin prefix , super , meaning above, in addition with the Latin word stem stem word , structure , meaning to build or to heap up . In order to improve the seismic performance response during earthquakes of buildings and bridges, the superstructure might be separated from its foundation engineering foundation by various civil engineering mechanism engineering mechanism s or machinery . All together, these implement the system of earthquake protection called base isolation . Aboard ships and large boats File Superstructure PSF .svg thumb The location of the superstructure on an aircraft carrier. As stated above, superstructure consists of the parts of the ship or a boat , including sailboat s, fishing boat s, passenger ship s, and submarine s, that project above her main deck. This does not usually include its guyed mast mast s or any armament gun turret turret s. Note that in modern times, turrets do ... warfare weapons. The size of a watercraft s superstructure can have many implications in the performance ... incorrectly. The height and the weight of superstructure on board a ship or a boat also affects ... waterline . In broad terms, the more and heavier superstructure that a ship possesses as a fraction ... Decksaufbau de Suprastruktur fr Superstructure id Superstruktur it Sovrastruttura costruzioni ms Superstruktur ... more details
wiktionary superstructureSuperstructure can refer to Superstructure in civil and naval engineering an upward extension of an existing structure above a baseline. Superstructure condensed matter some additional structure superimposed on a more basic structure, e.g. magnetic ordering in a crystal or helical ordering in a protein. A structure mathematical logic of which another structure is a substructure. A key term in Marxist philosophy, see base and superstructure . See also Megastructure de berbau disambig ... more details
In solid state physics , a superstructure is some additional structure that is superimposed on a given crystal line structure. A typical and important example is ferromagnet ic ordering. In a wider sense, the term superstructure is applied to polymer s and protein s to describe ordering on a length scale larger than that of monomeric segments. Superstructure in crystals In a crystal, a superstructure manifests itself through additional reflections in diffraction patterns, e.g., in low energy electron diffraction Low energy electron diffraction LEED or X ray diffraction experiment s. Often a set of weak diffraction spots appears between the stronger spots belonging to what is referred to as the substructure. In some cases a phase transition occurs, e.g., at higher temperatures, where the superstructure disappears and the material reverts back to the simpler substructure. If not, usually compounds are known that exhibit only the substructure. The superspots basically represent a modulation of the substructure that causes the translation symmetry inherent to the lattice of the substructure to be violated somewhat. One could speak of symmetry breaking of the translation symmetry of the lattice, although rotational symmetry may be lost simultaneously. Commensurate cases If the superspots are located at simple fractions of the vectors of the reciprocal lattice of the substructure, e.g., at q ,0,0 , the resulting broken symmetry is a doubling of the unit cell along the a axis. Such a modulation is called a commensurate superstructure. Incommensurate cases In some materials, superspots will occur at positions that do not represent a simple fraction, say q 0.5234,0,0 . In such a case a structure results that strictly speaking has lost all translational symmetry in a particular direction. This is called an incommensurate structure. Causes of superstructures There are basically three ... subcell and a superstructure may occur. The superspots are typically only visible in neutron diffraction ... more details
involved in forming base pairs Bipolar junction transistor , Base Switch that controls current in a transistor Base and superstructure Marxism BASE jumping Business Association of Stanford Entrepreneurial ...Wiktionary baseBase or BASE may refer to In computing BASE search engine , Bielefeld Academic Search Engine Basically Available, Soft state, Eventual consistency BASE , a consistency model Google Base , an online database provided by Google OpenOffice.org Base , OpenOffice.org s database module, also known as ooBase an HTML element Document head elements HTML element code base code In mathematics Base geometry , a side of a plane figure for example a triangle Base group theory , a sequence of distinct elements of a set Base exponentiation or radix, the b in b sup n sup Base topology , a topological space Radix or base, the number of distinct digits in a positional numeral system In science Base ... form, for example erythromycin base Beta alumina solid electrolyte , a fast ion conductor material In other uses Base baseball , the first, second, and third base on a baseball diamond Base company , an international design, communications, audiovisual, copywriting and publishing firm Base politics , a group of voters who almost always support a single party s candidates Base, Maharashtra , village in India BASE mobile , a Belgian mobile telecommunications operator Bedini Audio Spectral Enhancer , an audio signal processor used in the early 1990s Cooking base , a concentrated flavouring ... , a cosmetic applied to the face Foundation architecture Military base , or non military base, which ... Base, a type of connection on a transistor Base, a position in some cheerleading stunts People with the surname Rob Base , American rapper See also Wikisource1911Enc BaseBase pair , a pair of connected ... disambiguation ar an Base ast Base bs Baza vor ca Base cs B ze da Base de Base el es Base eo Bazo fr Base gl Base hr Baza io Bazo ia Base it Base he la Basis ... more details
The Base may refer to The Base film The Base mall , a major shopping complex in Hamilton, New Zealand Al Qaeda Arabic for the Base See also Base disambiguation disambig ... more details
Refimprove date May 2010 Main Earthquake engineering Image Snapshot of base isolation effect.jpg thumb 200px right Snapshot of Shake table video shake table testing of a base isolated right and a regular left building model Image Los Angeles City Hall color edit1.jpg thumb 200px right Base isolated ref http www.lacityhall.org isohow.html Los Angeles City Hall ref LA City Hall Base isolation , also known as seismic base isolation ref cite book last Pressman first Andy title Architectural graphic standards ... books?id 8Fn4Xn0TIssC&pg PA30&dq Base isolation&hl en&ei vpd0TsTrCJGt8QPZypDRDQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 8&ved 0CFcQ6AEwBw v onepage&q Base 20isolation&f false ref or base isolation system ... books.google.co.uk books?id IVN1tSzD0QsC&pg PA70&dq Base isolation&hl en&ei pqV0TsGIKYa98gOlvcnvDQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 3&ved 0CDcQ6AEwAjge v onepage&q Base 20isolation&f false ref is one ... 9780470824627 pages 369 url http books.google.co.uk books?id 0HDSxdY4s20C&pg PA369&dq Base isolation&hl ... Base 20isolation&f false ref It is a collection of structural elements which should substantially decouple a superstructure from its substructure resting on a shaking ground thus protecting a building ... date May 2010 ref Base isolation is the most powerful tool of earthquake engineering pertaining ... initial design or subsequent modifications. In some cases, application of base isolation can raise ... belief base isolation does not make a building earthquake proof. Base isolation system consists ... of a base isolation system which are intended to provide the mentioned decoupling effect to a building ... PlayList&p 660C7AFD70E81C12&index 27 Hybrid Simulation of Base Isolated Structures , YouTube Verify credibility date May 2010 ref The first evidence of architect s using the principle of base ... or LA City Hall were mounted on Base Isolation Systems . It required creating rigidity Diaphragm ... Base isolation demonstration at The Field Museum in Chicago Image Cyrus tomb.jpg Tomb of Cyrus Mausoleum ... more details
In mathematics, base change may mean Grothendieck s relative point of view in algebraic geometry Base change lifting of automorphic forms See also Change of base disambiguation mathdab ... more details
Triple base may refer to Triple base plan , a United States agricultural policy proposal Triple base propellant , a flashless cordite disambig ... more details
Base Feeder is a Microsoft Microsoft Windows Windows based utility to create Atom and RSS XML feed files for submission to Google Base. Image BasefeederrecipesMain.jpg thumb Screenshot of Base Feeder for Recipes To bulk submit items, you need to create and submit a specially formatted XML file. One can use software like Base Feeder to create the XML files for submission to Google Base. Base Feeder comes in 2 different flavors For Recipes For Products Base Feeder is a proprietary software program priced at about 40. The Products edition is priced at 65. External links http www.google.com base Google Base Google Base web site Category Content management systems ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Aggregate base is typically composed of crushed rock capable of passing through a Convert 3 4 in mm 2 abbr on lk on rock screen. The component particles will vary in size from 3 4 inch down to dust. The material can be made of virgin newly mined rock, or of recycled asphalt and concrete. Base is used as a base course in road ways, as a base course for cement pads and foundations, and as backfill material for underground pipelines and other underground utilities. Base course refers to the sub base layer of an asphalt roadway. Generally consisting of larger grade aggregate, spread and compacted to provide a stable base for further layers of aggregates or asphalt Pavement material pavement . Aggregate base course is often referred to as ABC. DEFAULTSORT Aggregate Base Category Transport engineering Category Road infrastructure ... more details
for the 1943 film Submarine Base 1943 film Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image Anoriant submarine.jpg right frame Keroman Submarine Base, a former U boat German submarine base in Lorient , Brittany . Image New Suffolk Sub Memorial.JPG right thumb 97px Plaque stating New Suffolk, New York New Suffolk, New York s claim to be the first submarine base. A submarine base is a military base that shelters submarine s and their personnel. Examples of present day submarine bases include HMNB Clyde , le Longue the base for France s Force oc anique strat gique , Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay , Naval Submarine Base New London , and Rybachiy Nuclear Submarine Base near Petropavlovsk Kamchatsky . The Israeli navy bases its growing submarine force in Haifa Former submarine bases include DORA 1 , HMAS Platypus naval base HMAS Platypus , Naval Submarine Base Bangor now part of Naval Base Kitsap , Mare Island Naval Shipyard a nuclear capable base , USN Submarine Base, Ordnance Island, Bermuda Ordnance Island in Bermuda during World War II, and the formerly classified Balaklava Nuclear submarine base Soviet base at Balaklava in the now Crimea Autonomous Republic of Crimea . The Administrative divisions of New York Hamlet hamlet of New Suffolk, New York claims to be the first submarine base in the United States it served as the base for the USS Holland SS 1 USS Holland , a submarine launched in May 1897. See also Submarine pen List of submarine operators List of countries operating submarines Shore facility Airbase Loss of Strength Gradient External links http www.uboat bases.com index.php?lang en German submarine bases in France World War II http ukrainian.su en photogallery category 41 Russian submarine base in Crimea DEFAULTSORT Submarine Base Category Submarine bases Category Navy bases Category Military installations Navy stub Fort stub fr Base sous marine ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2009 Base richness in ecology is the level in water or soil of Base chemistry chemical base s, such as calcium or magnesium ion s. Many organism s are restricted to base rich or base poor environments. Chemical bases are alkali s, and so base rich environments are pH neutral or alkaline. Because base poor environments have few bases, they are dominated by environmental acid s usually organic acid s and so are pH acidic . However, the relationship between base richness and acidity is not a rigid one &ndash changes in the levels of acids such as Carbonic acid dissolved carbon dioxide may significantly change acidity without affecting base richness. Base rich terrestrial environments are characteristic of areas where the underlying rocks are limestone . Seawater is also base rich, so maritime and Ocean marine environments are themselves base rich. Base poor environments are characteristic of areas where the underlying rocks are sandstone or granite , or where the water is derived directly from rainfall ombrotrophic . Examples of base rich environments Calcareous grassland Fen Limestone pavement Maquis shrubland Taxus Yew woodland Examples of base poor environments Bog Heath habitat Poor fen Moorland Pine woodland Tundra See also Soil Calcicole Calcifuge Category Ecology Category Soil chemistry ecology stub ... more details
The term base flow may refer to Baseflow in hydrology Base flow random dynamical systems in the study of random dynamical systems in mathematics Disambig ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In computing , a base address is an Memory address address serving as a reference point base for other addresses. In computers using relative addressing scheme, to obtain an absolute address , the relevant base address is taken and Offset computer science offset aka displacement is added to it. See also Index register Input Output Base Address DEFAULTSORT Base Address Category Computer memory Compu hardware stub ar kk ... more details
XML Base is a W3C recommendation World Wide Web Consortium recommended facility for defining base Uniform Resource Identifier URI s for parts of XML documents. XML Base recommendation was adopted on 2001 06 27. The attribute xml base may be inserted in XML documents to specify a base URI other than the base URI of the document or external entity. The value of this attribute is interpreted as a URI Reference as defined in RFC 3986 IETF RFC 3986 . It serves the function described in section 5.1.1 of RFC3986, establishing the base URI or IRI for resolving any relative references found within the effective scope of the xml base attribute. In namespace aware XML processors, the xml prefix is bound to the namespace name http www.w3.org XML 1998 namespace as described in Namespaces in XML XML Names . Note that xml base can be still used by non namespace aware processors. External links http www.w3.org TR xmlbase XML Base W3C Recommendation standard stub W3C Standards DEFAULTSORT Xml Base Category XML Category World Wide Web Consortium standards de XML Base pl XML Base ... more details
In mathematics , change of base can mean any of several things Changing numeral system numeral bases , such as converting from base 2 binary numeral system binary to base 10 decimal . This is known as base conversion . The logarithmic change of base formula, one of the Logarithmic identities Changing the base logarithmic identities used frequently in algebra and calculus. The change of bases method for changing between polynomial and normal bases , and similar transformations, for purposes of coding theory and cryptography . Construction of a fibred product of scheme mathematics schemes , in algebraic geometry . See also Base change disambiguation mathdab ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The base commander is the officer assigned to command a military base . In the United States armed forces , a base commander is generally an Officer armed forces O 6 grade officer, meaning Colonel United States Colonel United States Army Army , United States Air Force Air Force , United States Marine Corps Marines or Captain United States Captain United States Navy Navy . A base commander may be a higher or lower rank, however, depending on the installation. In the US Army, a base commander is called a Post Commander. They sometimes establish a base defense operations center s to provide a focus point for defense operations. DEFAULTSORT Base Commander Category Military ranks Mil rank stub ... more details
Orphan date September 2011 The vitreous base is an area in the Fundus eye fundus in which the vitreous , neural retina, and pigment epithelium all are firmly adherent, one to the other. The vitreous is more firmly attached to the retina anteriorly at the vitreous base. The vitreous does not normally detach from the vitreous base, although it can be detached with extreme trauma. Vitreous base detachment is typically associated with Blunt trauma blunt ocular trauma . ref Yanoff & Duker Ophthalmology, 3th edition. ref References reflist Category Eye anatomy ... more details
unreferenced date March 2012 File D glucopyranosyloxymethyluracil.svg thumb Anomer of Glucopyranosyloxymethyluracil File Synthesis of D glucopyranosyloxymethyluracil.svg thumb Biosynthesis of the base J D glucopyranosyloxymethyluracil with A Thymidine hydroxylase B beta glucosyltranferase 1 dT desoxy thymidine 2 HOCH3dU 3 dJ Glucopyranosyloxymethyluracil or Base J is a hypermodified base found in the DNA of kinetoplastids including the human pathogenic Trypanosomes . Base J is formed by the initial hydroxylation of thymidine and the subsequent glucosylation by an as yet unidentified glycosyltransferase . Category DNA de Glucopyranosyloxymethyluracil ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 In finance, a borrowing base is the value assigned to a collection of a borrower s asset s, used by lenders to determine the initial and or ongoing loan amount, and or compliance with one or more debt covenant s. Assets included in the borrowing base are often but not necessarily considered as Collateral finance collateral for the loan. Specific methodology for the calculation of a borrowing base is contract ually specified in an agreement between the borrower and lender. Such agreements typically recognize a percentage of the mutually agreed upon full value of a specific set of assets, which may or may not include all assets owned by the borrower. The agreements also frequently include a methodology for updating asset values on a periodic basis over the life of the loan, allowing the borrowing base to be recalculated regularly. It is common to use Accounts Receivable and Inventory listings to calculate Borrowing Base valuations to determine available credit which usually takes the form of an operating line of credit. Borrowing Base is called Margining in some banking systems. A Borrowing Base Certificate is sometimes used to submit valuations to the lender for analysis. econ stub Category Debt de Borrowing Base Finanzierung ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In politics , the term base refers to a group of voter s who almost always support a single political party party s candidates for election elected office. Base voters are very unlikely to vote for the candidate of an opposing party, regardless of the specific views each candidate holds. In the United States , this is typically because high level candidates must hold the same stances on key issues as a party s base in order to gain the party s nomination and thus be guaranteed ballot access . In the case of legislature legislative elections, base voters often prefer to support their party s candidate against an otherwise appealing opponent in order to strengthen their party s chances of gaining a simple majority typically the gateway to overarching power in a legislature . DEFAULTSORT Base Politics Category Political terms Poli term stub it Base politica ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2006 Cooking base , sometimes called soup base , is a concentrated flavoring compound used in place of stock food stock for the creation of soups , sauces , and gravy gravies . Since it can be purchased rather than prepared fresh, it is commonly used in restaurants where cost is a more important factor than achieving haute cuisine . Veal and chicken base are common, as are beef, lamb and vegetable base. Soup base is available in many levels of quality. Today, these products are produced in low and very low sodium varieties, seafood and vegetarian. DEFAULTSORT Cooking Base Category Food ingredients Ingredient stub ... more details
Image GoogleBase.PNG thumb right Browsing items in Google Base Deleted image removed Image Google base2.png thumb right Uploading items to Google Base Google Base was an online database provided by Google into which any user can add almost any type of content, such as text, images, and structured information in formats such as XML , Portable Document Format PDF , Microsoft Excel Excel , Rich Text Format RTF , or WordPerfect . As of September 2010, the product has since been promoted to Google Merchant Center . ref http googlebase.blogspot.com 2009 09 introducing google merchant center.html ref If Google finds it relevant, submitted content may appear on Google Product Search its shopping search engine , Google Maps or even the web search. The piece of content can then be labeled with attributes ... product, and we ll let you know when there s more news. A major component of Google Base is acting ... can be uploaded to the Google Base servers by browsing your computer or the web, by various File Transfer ... 8, 2009, it was announced that Google Base s separate search page would be discontinued. http googlemerchantblog.blogspot.com ..., it was announced that Google Base s API is deprecated in favor of a set of new APIs known as Google ... See also List of Google services and tools Resources of a Resource ROR Base Feeder Software to create bulk submission Google Base Feeds External links http base.google.com Google Base http base.google.com support bin answer.py?answer 59260&hl en About Google Base http googlebase.blogspot.com Official Google Base Blog http googleblog.blogspot.com 2005 11 first base.html Official Google Blog Press Release http www.programmableweb.com api google base mashups Google Base API Mashups References Reflist Google Inc. DEFAULTSORT Base Category Beta software Category Discontinued Google services Base Category Online databases ar de Google Inc. Dienstleistungen es Google Base fa fr Google Base id Google Base pt Google Base ru Google Base tr Google Base uk Google Base ... more details
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