Name Benzene ImageFileL1 Ref chemboximage correct ?? ImageFileL1 Benzene 2D full.svg ImageSizeL1 120px ImageNameL1 Full structural formula ImageFileR1 Benzene aromatic 3D balls.png ImageSizeR1 120px ImageNameR1 Ball and stick model ImageFileL2 Benzene circle.svg ImageSizeL2 80px ImageNameL2 Simplified skeletal formula ImageFileR2 Benzene 3D vdW.png ImageSizeR2 100px ImageNameR2 Space filling model ImageName Benzene IUPACName Benzene OtherNames Benzol br cyclohexa 1,3,5 triene Section1 Chembox .... last2 Plank first2 C. last3 Erickson first3 E. last4 Pike first4 F. title Solubility of Benzene in Water ... br borazine Benzene is an organic compound organic chemical compound . It is composed of 6 carbon ... C sub 6 sub Hydrogen H sub 6 sub . Benzene is a natural constituent of Petroleum crude oil , and is one of the most basic petrochemical s. Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon and the second n annulene ... Ph H. Benzene is a color less and highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell. It is mainly used as a precursor ... The word benzene derives historically from gum benzoin , sometimes called benjamin i.e., benzoin ..., benzol, or benzene. ref name rocke cite journal author Rocke, A. J. title Hypothesis and Experiment in the Early Development of Kekule s Benzene Theory journal Annals of Science volume 42 year 1985 ... benzene in 1825 from the oily residue derived from the production of illuminating gas, giving it the name ... of Benzene in 1825 with the Analytical Methods of 1968 journal Angewandte Chemie International ... on page 43, Liebig, the journal s editor, suggested changing Mitscherlich s original name for benzene ... quinine , which benzene isn t, whereas the suffix ol suggested that it was oily, which benzene is. Thus ... W hler gew hlt worden ist. Since this liquid benzene is obtained from benzoic acid and probably is related ... radical of the preceding acid, because benzene is found in illuminating gas. ref this is the root of the word phenol , which is hydroxylated benzene, and phenyl , which is the radical formed ... more details
Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon. Benzene or related words may also refer to Benzene data page Benzene and benzine are alternate names for gasoline in many countries Benzine can refer to petroleum ether Benzin is a song by Rammstein Benzene Convention, 1971 Benzyne , the hydrocarbon 1,2 Didehydrobenzene disambig ... more details
wiktionary nucleusNucleus may refer to Atomic nucleus , the very dense region at the center of an atom Cell nucleus , the control center of a cell, which contains the cell s chromosomal DNA Nucleus neuroanatomy , a cluster of neurons in the central nervous system Nucleus syllable , the central part of a syllable in linguistics Comet nucleus , the solid, central part of a comet Computer systems Nucleus CMS , a weblog system Nucleus RTOS , an operating system Nucleus, a pioneering facility for the GEC 4000 series Nucleus GEC 4000 series Other uses Nucleus advocacy group , a UK European political advocacy campaign organisation Nucleus band , a British jazz rock band led by Ian Carr Nucleus video game Nucleus video game , a 2007 downloadable game on the PlayStation Store Nucleus Anekdoten album Nucleus Anekdoten album , 1995 Nucleus Sonny Rollins album Nucleus Sonny Rollins album , 1975 Nucleus Limited , an Australian medical research company, taken over by Pacific Dunlop in 1988 Nucleus, predecessor to Canadian rock band A Foot in Coldwater See also Nuclear disambiguation Nucleation Nucleic acid Nucleolus disambiguation ar bg ca Nucli cv cs Nukleus cy Niwclews de Nucleus el es N cleo eo Nukleo fa fr Nucl us gl N cleo ko id Inti ia Nucleo disambiguation is Kjarni it Nucleo he la Nucleus lt Branduolys lmo N cleo mk nl Nucleus ja Nucleus no Kjerne pl Nucleus ro Nucleu ru simple Nucleus sk Nukleus sr sv K rna th uk yi zh ... more details
Benzene hexachloride is a trivial name common or vernacular name that may refer to hexachlorobenzene the chemically correct equivalent erroneously any of the isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane , in particular the gamma isomer with the common name Lindane disambig it benzene esaclorato ... more details
File Claus benzene.svg right 200px Claus benzene Claus benzene C sub 6 sub H sub 6 sub is a hypothetical hydrocarbon and an isomer of benzene ref Organic Reactions And Their Mechanisms P S Kalsi 2000 ref . It was proposed by Adolf Karl Ludwig Claus in 1867 ref A. Claus, Theoretische Betrachtungen und deren Anwendungen zur Systematik der organischen Chemie , Freiburg, 1867, p. 207 ref as a possible structure for benzene at a time when the structure of benzene was debated. The molecule can be described as a hexagon with carbon atoms positioned at the corners, with each carbon connected to its nearest ortho carbon and the two para carbons connected diametrically ref cite DOI 10.1021 ja00039a058 ref . High strain energy makes its synthesis impossible. ref cite DOI 10.1002 anie.200705775 ref clear References Reflist Category Isomerism fr Benz ne de Claus it Benzene di Claus ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2007 Chembox verifiedrevid 430465662 ImageFileL1 Deuterated benzene.svg ImageFileL1 Ref chemboximage correct ?? ImageSizeL1 121 ImageNameL1 Kekul , skeletal formula of deuterated benzene ImageFileR1 Benzene 3D vdW.png ImageFileR1 Ref chemboximage correct ?? ImageSizeR1 121 ImageNameR1 Spacefill model of deuterated benzene ImageFile2 Benzene aromatic 3D balls.png ImageFile2 Ref chemboximage correct ?? ImageSize2 121 ImageName2 Ball and stick model of deuterated benzene Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 1076 43 3 PubChem 71601 PubChem Ref Pubchemcite correct pubchem ChemSpiderID 64671 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider EINECS 214 061 8 UNNumber 1114 Beilstein 1905426 SMILES 2H c1c 2H c 2H c 2H c 2H c1 2H StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C6H6 c1 2 4 6 5 3 1 h1 6H i1D,2D,3D,4D,5D,6D StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey UHOVQNZJYSORNB MZWXYZOWSA N Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 6 sub sup 2 sup H sub 6 sub MolarMass 84.1488 g mol sup &minus 1 sup ExactMass 84.084610668 g mol sup &minus 1 sup Density 0.950 g cm sup &minus 3 sup MeltingPtK 280 BoilingPtK 345 Section3 Chembox Thermochemistry HeatCapacity 152.46 J K sup &minus 1 sup mol sup &minus 1 sup Section4 Chembox Hazards EUClass Hazchem F Hazchem T RPhrases R45 , R46 , R11 , R36 38 , R48 23 24 25 , R65 SPhrases S53 , S45 NFPA H 2 NFPA F 3 NFPA R 0 FlashPt &minus 11 C Section5 Chembox Related OtherCpds Benzene Deuterated benzene C sub 6 sub D sub 6 sub , is a form called an isotopologues isotopologue of benzene C sub 6 sub H sub 6 sub in which the hydrogen atom H is replaced with deuterium heavy hydrogen isotope D . Deuterated benzene is a common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy . List of NMR solvents DEFAULTSORT Deuterated Benzene Category Deuterated solvent Organic compound stub zh ... more details
enzyme Name benzene 1,2 dioxygenase EC number 1.14.12.3 CAS number 9075 66 5 IUBMB EC number 1 14 12 3 GO code 0018619 image width caption In enzymology , a benzene 1,2 dioxygenase EC number 1.14.12.3 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction benzene NADH H sup sup O sub 2 sub math rightleftharpoons math cis cyclohexa 3,5 diene 1,2 diol NAD sup sup The 4 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are benzene , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH , hydrogen ion H sup sup , and oxygen O sub 2 sub , whereas its two product chemistry products are cis cyclohexa 3,5 diene 1,2 diol and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD sup sup . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of two atoms o oxygen into the other donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is benzene,NADH oxygen oxidoreductase 1,2 hydroxylating . Other names in common use include benzene hydroxylase , and benzene dioxygenase . This enzyme participates in naphthalene and anthracene degradation . It has 4 cofactor biochemistry cofactors FAD , Iron , Sulfur , and Iron sulfur . References reflist 1 cite journal author Gibson DT, Koch JR, Kallio RE date 1968 title Oxidative degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons by microorganisms. I Enzymatic formation of catechol from benzene journal Biochemistry. volume 7 pages 2653&ndash 62 pmid 4298226 doi 10.1021 bi00847a031 issue 7 1.14 enzyme stub Category EC 1.14.12 Category NADPH dependent enzymes Category NADH dependent enzymes Category Flavin enzymes Category Iron enzymes Category Sulfur enzymes Category Iron sulfur enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure it Benzene 1,2 diossigenasi ja 1,2 ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 432661438 ImageFile Dewar benzene edge on .PNG ImageSize 170 ImageAlt Skeletal formula ImageCaption The conjoined cyclobutene rings of Dewar benzene form an obtuse angle . ImageFile1 Dewar benzene 3D balls.png ImageSize1 170 ImageAlt1 Ball and stick model IUPACName Bicyclo 2.2.0 ... Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Dewar benzene or bicyclo 2.2.0 hexa 2,5 diene is a bicyclic isomer of benzene with the molecular formula C sub 6 sub H sub 6 sub .... Edinburgh year 1867 volume 6 pages 82 86 ref However, he did not propose it as the structure of benzene ... author E. E. van Tamelen , S. P. Pappas title Chemistry of Dewar Benzene. 1,2,5 Tri t Butylbicyclo 2.2.0 ... 23 pages 6092 6101 doi 10.1021 ja00752a021 ref File Dewar benzene synthesis.svg 400px Dewar benzene synthesis E. E. Van Tamelen, S. P. Pappas Unlike benzene, Dewar benzene is not flat the two cyclobutene ... to benzene with a chemical half life of two days. This thermal conversion is relatively slow because ... title Vibrational Frequencies and Structural Determination of Dewar Benzene journal Journal of Molecular ... j.theochem.2004.03.042 ref . Dewar benzene and benzene It is sometimes incorrectly claimed that Dewar proposed his structure as the true structure of benzene. In fact Dewar merely wrote the structure as one of seven possible isomers, and believed that his experiments on benzene supported the correct ... cite journal author W. Baker, D. H. Rouvray title Para Bond or Dewar Benzene? journal J. Chem. Educ ... resonance contributors in the overall description of benzene. The major resonance contributors ... as possible benzene isomers are prismane , benzvalene and Claus benzene . Prismane and benzvalene were synthesized in the 1970s Claus benzene is impossible to synthesize. ref cite DOI 10.1002 anie.200705775 ref Hexamethyl Dewar benzene Hexamethyl Dewar benzene has been prepared by bicyclotrimerization of dimethylacetylene with aluminium chloride . ref OrgSynth title Hexamethyl Dewar Benzene author ... more details
The nucleus fastigius is located in the cerebellum . It is made up of the nucleus dentatus , nucleus emboliformis , nucleus globosus , and nucleus fastigii , and is grey matter embedded in the white matter of the cerebellum. References http www.online medical dictionary.org Nucleus Fastigius.asp?q Nucleus Fastigius Online Medical Dictionary entry Category Cerebellum neuroscience stub de Nucleus fastigii ... more details
Dorsomedial nucleus can refer to Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus Medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Globose nucleus Latin nucleus globosus GraySubject 187 GrayPage 796 Image Gray707.png Caption Sagittal section through right cerebellar hemisphere. The right olive has also been cut sagitally. Emboliform nucleus not labeled, but region is visible. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 686 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Globose nucleus NeuroLexID birnlex 1159 DorlandsPre n 11 DorlandsSuf 12581303 The globose nucleus is one of the deep cerebellar nuclei. It is located medial to the emboliform nucleus and lateral to the fastigial nucleus . This nucleus contains primarily large and small multipolar neurons. The globose nucleus and emboliform nucleus are occasionally referred to collectively as the interposed nucleus . External links http www.mona.uwi.edu fpas courses physiology neurophysiology Cerebellum.htm http www.lib.mcg.edu edu eshuphysio program section8 8ch6 s8ch6 30.htm http www.neuinfo.org nif nifgwt.html?query 22Globose 20Nucleus 22 NIF Search Globose Nucleus via the Neuroscience Information Framework Gray s Cerebellum Category Cerebellum Category Neuroanatomy anatomy stub de Nucleus globosus ... more details
There are two structures or rather two pairs of structures in the brain that could be called geniculate nucleus lateral geniculate nucleus Visual perception vision medial geniculate nucleus Hearing sense hearing They should not be confused with the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve . disambig ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Sublingual nucleus Latin nucleus sublingualis GraySubject 187 GrayPage 784 Image Caption Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 760 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Sublingual nucleus NeuroLexID birnlex 2657 DorlandsPre n 11 DorlandsSuf 12583517 In the substance of the formatio reticularis are two small nuclei of gray matter . The one near the dorsal aspect of the hilum anatomy hilus of the inferior olivary nucleus is called the Sublingual nucleus inferior central nucleus , nucleus of Roller . External links http www.neuinfo.org nif nifgwt.html?query 22Sublingual 20Nucleus 22 NIF Search Sublingual Nucleus via the Neuroscience Information Framework Gray s Category Nervous system neuroscience stub pl J dro podj zykowe ... more details
Anterior nucleus can refer to Anterior hypothalamic nucleus Anterior nuclei of thalamus disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Lateral nucleus can refer to Lateral hypothalamus Lateral vestibular nucleus disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Intercalated nucleusnucleus intercalatus called also Staderini nucleus is a group of nerve cells in the medulla oblongata , between the dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve lateral to the intercalated nucleus and the Hypoglossal nucleusnucleus of the hypoglossal nerve medial to intercalated nucleus , forming part of the perihypoglossal nuclear complex . Function. Probably involved in the control of the vestibuloocular reflex and may contribute to the vertical neural integrator. Described for the first time in 1894 by Rutilio Staderini 1861 1942 , Italian neuroanatomist References John Alan Kiernan, Murray Llewellyn Barr. Barr s The Human Nervous System An Anatomical Viewpoint. 2008 category Neuroanatomy ro Nucleu intercalat ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Interposed nucleus Latin nucleus interpositus anterior, nucleus interpositus posterior GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType BrainInfoNumber MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Interpositus Nucleus NeuroLexID nlx anat 20081242 Dorlands DorlandsID The interposed nucleus is a deep nucleus of the cerebellum and is composed of the globose nuclei and the emboliform nuclei . It is located in the roof dorsal aspect of the fourth ventricle, lateral to the fastigial nucleus . It receives its afferent supply from the anterior lobe of the cerebellum and sends output via the superior cerebellar peduncle to the red nucleus . The interposed nucleus is smaller than the dentate but larger than the fastigial nucleus. Function Functionally, it modulates muscle stretch reflexes of distal muscle groups. External links http www.lib.mcg.edu edu eshuphysio program section8 8ch6 s8ch6 30.htm http www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu cere text P5 interp.htm Cerebellum Neural tracts Category Cerebellum neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Benzene in soft drinks is of some concern due to the carcinogen ic nature of the benzene molecule. This contamination ... advocates. Benzene levels are regulated in drinking water nationally and internationally, and in bottled water in the United States, but only informally in soft drinks. The benzene results from ... under heat and light. Limit standards in drinking water Various authorities have set limits on benzene ... g kg . World Health Organization WHO 10 ppb WHO notes that benzene should be avoided whenever technically ... ng.asp?id 67104 benzene vitamin c drinks South Korea urges recall of benzene containing drinks ref ... of Benzene in Soft Drinks and Other Beverages ref European Union 1 ppb ref http eur lex.europa.eu ... Agency EPA and California have set public health goals for benzene of 0 ppb and 0.15 ppb respectively. ref http www.epa.gov safewater dwh c voc benzene.html Consumer Factsheet on Benzene ref Environmental exposure to benzeneBenzene in soft drinks has to be seen in the context of other environmental exposure. Taking the worst example found to date of a soft drink containing 87.9 ppb benzene, ref name rokfda someone drinking a 350 ml 12 oz can would ingest 31 g micrograms of benzene, almost equivalent to the benzene inhaled by a motorist refilling a fuel tank for three minutes. While there is no justification for a soft drink to contain high levels of benzene There is a difference ... usa.com news ng.asp?n 72181 doubts hit fda Doubts hit FDA handling of benzene in soft ..., the EPA IRIS document on benzene ref Environmental Protection Agency. http www.epa.gov iris subst 0276.htm Integrated Risk Information System Benzene Accessed on November 27, 2006 ref . However ... 11 back to benzene in soda.php more Back to benzene in soda November 27, 2006 ref The UK Food Standards ... containing benzene at 10 g to equal the amount of benzene they would breathe from city air every ... consumers food safety topics chemicals in food benzene index.htm Benzene in flavoured drinks ref ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Parabrachial nucleus Latin GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType ancil BrainInfoNumber 2137625543 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The parabrachial nucleus PBN is a region in the pons that is related to the ascending reticular activating system ARAS . It can be subdivided into the lateral parabrachial nucleus and the medial parabrachial nucleus . The PBN connects the reticular formation to the thalamus thalamic relay nuclei as well as the intralaminar nuclei of thalamus intralaminar and related nuclei. Function In rodents, the PBN is the second relay nucleus in gustatory taste processing. Fibers from the nucleus of solitary tract connect to gustatory centers in the PBN, which sends projects along two pathways for taste processing. The first connects the PBN to the ventroposterior medial nucleus of the thalamus and the other connects the PBN to the central nucleus of the amygdala and lateral hypothalamus . Lesions of the PBN disrupt conditioned taste aversion . A lesion to this pathway can lead to decreased consciousness . External links BrainMaps parabrachial 20nucleus Pons Gustatory system neuroanatomy stub Category Neuroanatomy hu Nucleus parabrachialis ... more details
Preoptic nucleus can refer to Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus Anterodorsal preoptic nucleus Preoptic area disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Conus nucleus image Conus nucleus 1.jpg image caption Apertural and abapertural views of gastropod shell shell of Conus nucleus Reeve, L.A., 1848 regnum Animal ia phylum Mollusca classis Gastropoda unranked superfamilia clade Caenogastropoda br clade Hypsogastropoda br clade Neogastropoda superfamilia Conoidea familia Conidae subfamilia Coninae genus Conus species C. nucleus binomial Conus nucleus binomial authority Reeve, 1848 synonyms ref synonyms Conus nucleus is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family biology family Conidae , the Conus cone snails and their allies. ref name WoRMS WRMS species 215555 Conus nucleus Reeve, 1848 27 March 2010 ref Like all species within the genus Conus , these snails are predatory and venomous . They are capable of stinging humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at all. Description Empty section date March 2010 Distribution Empty section date March 2010 References reflist External links http biology.burke.washington.edu conus catalogue index.php The Conus Biodiversity website http www.coneshells am.ru Cone Shells Knights of the Sea Use dmy dates date January 2011 DEFAULTSORT Conus Nucleus Category Conus nucleus Category Animals described in 1848 conus stub nl Conus nucleus pt Conus nucleus vi Conus nucleus ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Emboliform nucleus Latin nucleus emboliformis GraySubject 187 GrayPage 796 Image Gray707.png Caption Sagittal section through right cerebellar hemisphere. The right olive has also been cut sagitally. Emboliform nucleus not labeled, but region is visible. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 685 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Emboliform Nucleus NeuroLexID birnlex 1135 DorlandsPre n 11 DorlandsSuf 12581167 The emboliform nucleus lies immediately to the medial side of the nucleus dentatus , and partly covering its hilus. It is one among the four pairs of cerebellar nuclei, which are from lateral to medial the dentate, interposed emboliform and globose , and fastigial nuclei. These nuclei can be seen using the Weigert method staining. External links http www.mona.uwi.edu fpas courses physiology neurophysiology Cerebellum.htm http www.lib.mcg.edu edu eshuphysio program section8 8ch6 s8ch6 30.htm http www.neuinfo.org nif nifgwt.html?query 22Emboliform 20Nucleus 22 NIF Search Emboliform Nucleus via the Neuroscience Information Framework Gray s Cerebellum neuroanatomy stub Category Neuroanatomy de Nucleus emboliformis ... more details
Unreferenced stub date December 2009 In neuroanatomy , a nucleus is a brain structure consisting of a relatively compact cluster of neuron s. It is one of the two most common forms of nerve cell organization, the other being layered structures such as the cerebral cortex or cerebellum cerebellar cortex . In anatomical sections, a nucleus shows up as a region of gray matter , often bordered by white matter . The vertebrate brain contains hundreds of distinguishable nuclei, varying widely in shape and size. A nucleus may itself have a complex internal structure, with multiple types of neurons arranged in clumps subnuclei or layers. The term nucleus is in some cases used rather loosely, to mean simply an identifiably distinct group of neurons, even if they are spread over an extended area. The Thalamic reticular nucleus reticular nucleus of the thalamus , for example, is a thin layer of inhibitory neurons that surrounds the thalamus. Some of the major anatomical components of the brain are organized as clusters of interconnected nuclei. Notable among these are the thalamus and hypothalamus , each of which contains several dozen distinguishable substructures. The medulla oblongata medulla and pons also contain numerous small nuclei with a wide variety of sensory, motor, and regulatory functions. In the peripheral nervous system , a cluster of neurons is referred to instead as a ganglion . Examples Brainstem red nucleus , vestibular nucleus , inferior olive Cerebellum dentate nucleus , emboliform nucleus , globose nucleus , fastigial nucleus Basal ganglia striatum caudate and putamen , pallidum globus pallidus , medial and lateral , substantia nigra , subthalamic nucleus Cranial nerve nuclei See also Brain Nervous system DEFAULTSORT Nucleus Neuroanatomy Category Neuroanatomy Neuroanatomy stub de Nucleus ZNS he ja pl J dro neuroanatomia pt N cleo neuroanatomia th ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Hypoglossal nucleus Latin nucleus nervi hypoglossi GraySubject 187 GrayPage 779 Image Gray694.png Caption Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olive . Hypoglossal nucleus visible top left. Image2 Gray696.svg Caption2 The cranial nerve nuclei schematically represented dorsal view. Motor nuclei in red sensory in blue. XII labeled at bottom left. IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 754 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Hypoglossal nucleus NeuroLexID birnlex 2644 DorlandsPre n 11 DorlandsSuf 12581974 The hypoglossal nucleus is a cranial nerve nucleus , and it extends the length of the medulla oblongata medulla , and being a motor nucleus, is close to the midline. In the open medulla, it is visible as what is known as the hypoglossal trigone , a raised area medial to the vagal trigone protruding slightly into the fourth ventricle . In the closed medulla, the gracile nucleus gracile and cuneate nucleus cuneate nuclei lie posteriorly, which means the nucleus is not as close to the back of the medulla as in the open medulla. It is, however, still close to the midline. See also Hypoglossal nerve Additional images gallery Image Gray695.png Transverse section of medulla oblongata below the middle of the olive. Image Gray697.png Nuclei of origin of cranial motor nerves schematically represented lateral view. Image Medulla oblongata posterior very low mag.jpg Micrograph showing the hypoglossal nuclei in relation to their surrounding structures. Image Medulla oblongata posterior cn xii high mag.jpg Micrograph showing the hypoglossal nucleus. LFB stain H&E LFB stain . gallery External links BrainstemWisconsin 07CNXII UMichAtlas n2a6p2 BrainMaps Hypoglossal 20nucleus Hypoglossal nucleus http www.neuinfo.org nif nifgwt.html?query 22Hypoglossal 20Nucleus 22 NIF Search Hypoglossal Nucleus via the Neuroscience Information Framework Rhombencephalon Cranial nerves Category Neuroanatomy neuroscience stub de Nucleus nervi hypoglossi ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Tuberomammillary nucleus Latin Nucleus tuberomamillaris boxwidth GraySubject GrayPage Image Width Caption Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType BrainInfoNumber MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Tuberomammillary nucleus NeuroLexID birnlex 1271 Dorlands DorlandsID The tuberomammillary nucleus neuroanatomy nucleus is a subnucleus of the Posterior anatomy posterior third of the hypothalamus . It consists of, largely, histaminergic neurons i.e., neurones releasing histamine and is involved with the control of arousal , sleep and circadian rhythm . Axons of the tuberomammillary nucleus neuroanatomy nucleus project primarily to the cerebral cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, basal forebrain, and hypothalamus. The projections to the cerebral cortex directly increase cortical activation and arousal, and projections to acetylcholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain and dorsal pons do so indirectly, by increasing the release of acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex. References see, for example Kandel, Schwartz & Jessel, Principles of Neural Science, 4th Ed., p977. Category Cerebrum Category Neuroanatomy Neuroscience stub ... more details
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