Refimprove date December 2009 In Algeria n politics, the term Kabylist may be used to refer to Kabyle nationalist parties, such as the Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylia MAK which support autonomy for Kabylie , or argue that the Kabyles constitute a nation people unto themselves and distinct from other Algerians. Kabyles differ from other Berbers due to their secularism , high education rate and strong links with the West . Kabylism , or kabyle nationalism , is a political and cultural movement for the recognition of national aspirations of Kabylia and the empowerment of kabyle speaking people in Kabylia. Its political corollary is the kabyle sovereign, various trends autonomy, federalism, independence with the goal creating a Kabyle sovereign state with Kabyle as the only official language. Kabylism differs from Berberism by affirming the kabyle specific identity and its primacy over all others, including in all berber speaking territory. The Kabylism belongs to the family of nationalism called liberation , along with Catalan or Basque nationalism. Its antithesis is Algerian, ideology that Algerians as a whole, beyond linguistic and religious differences, would form a historical nation. Proponents of the Algerian are overwhelmingly Kabyle themselves. History It is difficult to accurately locate the origins of kabylism, however, some sources tend to confirm that the kabylism already existed in the 18th century. At that time the Brotherhood Rahmaniya qualified as defender of Kabylism. ref Book Contribution l tude des confr ries religieuses musulmanes p.270 ref The history of kabylism is closely related to berberism and for good reason berberism was paradoxically born of kabylism. References Reflist External links http books.google.co.uk books?ei Vu63TsG HIqeOrzciPgB&ct result&hl fr&id BpNBAQAAIAAJ&dq kabylisme&q kabylisme Kabylism of Rahmaniya The Rahmaniya Brotherhood Google Books excerpt See also Cantonalism Category Kabyle people Category Berberism Category S ... more details
Since 1916, there have been five major armed conflicts referred to as rebellions involving the Tuareg people of the northern parts of Mali and Niger Kaocen Revolt Tuareg rebellion 1916 1917 Tuareg rebellion 1962 1964 Tuareg rebellion 1990 1995 Tuareg rebellion 2007 2009 Tuareg rebellion 2012 See also National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad Ansar Dine Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa Disambig Category Berberism es Rebeliones tuareg fr R bellion touar gue ka fi Tuaregikapina ... more details
Image GUERMAH.jpg thumb Massinissa Guermah Massinissa Guermah 1983, Beni Douala , Tizi Ouzou Province 20 April 2001 was a 19 year old Kabyle people Kabyle Berber people Berber high school student arrested by Algeria n Gendarmerie gendarmes on 18 April 2001. In circumstances still not clear, he received gunshot wounds inside the gendarmerie , which he later died of on 20 April in the Mustapha Hospital. His killing caused months long riots in Kabylie this series of events is referred to as the Black spring kabylie Black Spring . The violence was fuelled by an Algerian national campaign to impose Arabic language on its people in place of indigenous languages, including Kabyle. Sources http www.aidh.org ViolDE Alg kabyl01.htm 3 L Association Internet pour la promotion des droits de l homme L enqu te sur les morts de Kabylie III. LES V NEMENTS D CLENCHANTS See also Black Spring Kabylie Berberism Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Guermah, Masinissa ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1983 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 18 April 2001 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Guermah, Masinissa Category 1983 births Category 2001 deaths Category people from Beni Douala Category Kabyle people Category Berberism Category Berber Algerians berber stub Algeria bio stub de Massinissa Guermah fr Massinissa Guermah kab Masinisa Germah ... more details
Mohammed Arav Bessaoud born December 24, 1924 died January 1, 2002 ref http www.guardian.co.uk news 2002 jan 30 guardianobituaries.books ref was an Algeria n writer and activist . Described as the spiritual father of Berberism , Dda Moh was a Mujahideen during the Algerian War of Liberation 1954 62. He was the founder of the Academie Berbere in Paris during the 1960s and the designer of the modern Berber flag . He was the author of numerous books on the war of independence, its aftermath and the history of the Berbers, he was one of the leading lights of Berberism during the 20th and 21st centuries. See also List of Berbers References reflist Further reading http www.guardian.co.uk news 2002 jan 30 guardianobituaries.books Obituary Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Bessaoud, Mohammed Arav ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Algerian activist DATE OF BIRTH December 24, 1924 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH January 1, 2002 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Bessaoud, Mohammed Arav Category 1924 births Category 2002 deaths Category Indigenous activists Category Kabyle people Category People from Tizi Ouzou Province Category Algerian writers ar fr Mohand A rav Bessaoud it Mohand A rav Bessaoud kab Mu end Arab Besa ud ... more details
b. 1964 Ahmed Dgharni See also Berberism References references External links http www.berberescope.com ... Berberism Category Political parties of minorities ar cs Izigzawen ... more details
The Berber Academy French Academie Berbere is a cultural association founded in 1966 by Mohand Arav Bessaoud and a group of young Kabyles. This group consisted of intellectuals, artists and journalists, all eager to put the Tifinagh in use. Fearing misuse of the term academy , they renamed the association Agraw Imazi en Berber Assembly in 1967. This was dissolved in 1978. The Academy proposed a Berber alphabet standard on the basis of Tifinagh circulated in Morocco and Algeria among Kabyles , the Tuareg people Tuareg and Rifains in order to revive old writing of several millennia, and transcribe all Berber dialects. Periodically, and often Tifinagh, the organization published the journal Imazighen journal Imazighen . The academy also proposed the design of the Berber flag . Berber languages Category Organizations based in France Category Kabylie Category Berber culture Category Berberism berber stub ar an Academia berber de Berberakademie fr Acad mie berb re it Accademia berbera kab Agraw imazi en ... more details
mergeto Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylia date December 2010 The Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie MAK Kabyle language Kabyle Timanit i Tmurt n Yeqvayliyen is a Kabyle people Kabyle political organization which demands self government status for the region of Kabylie in Algeria . It is founded by Ferhat Mehenni , now President of The Provisional Government of Kabylia, after the Black Spring Kabylie Black Spring disturbances in 2001. See also Berber people Politics of Algeria Rally for Culture and Democracy RCD The main Liberalism Liberal Berber party. Socialist Forces Front FFS The main Socialist Berber party. Arouch Movement A Kabyle political organization modelled on traditional village councils. External Links http mak.makabylie.info ?lang en Official website of the Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylia MAK DEFAULTSORT Movement For The Autonomy Of Kabylie Category Politics of Algeria Category Berberism Africa party stub Algeria stub ast Movimientu pola Autonom a de Cabilia de Bewegung f r die Autonomie der Kabylei en Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylia fr Mouvement pour l autonomie de la Kabylie gl Movemento pola Autonom a da Cabilia kab Timanit i Tmurt n Iqbayliyen pt Movimento para a Autonomia da Cab lia ... more details
Refimprove date January 2010 Image Berber flag.svg thumb 350px Berber flag Ratio 2 3 The Berber flag is a flag that has been proposed for the Berber people . In the 1970s the Berber Academy Agraw Imazighen proposed the first Berber flag. In 1998 the World Amazigh Congress made the flag official at Tafira on Las Palmas in the Canary Islands , which were formerly inhabited by the Guanches , an ancient Berber people. The flag is composed of blue, green, and yellow horizontal bands of the same height, and a Tifinagh letter yaz or aza . Each color corresponds to an aspect of Tamazgha , the territory inhabited by Berbers in North Africa blue represents the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean green represents nature and the green mountain s yellow represents the sands of the Sahara Desert . The yaz symbolizes the free man , which is the meaning of the Berber language Berber word amazigh , the Berbers own name for themselves. It is in red, the color of life , and also the color of resistance movement resistance . The Berber flag thus symbolizes the entire Amazigh people, living in harmony with their land, Tamazgha . Portal Berbers External links http www.fotw.us flags xb.html Flags of the World DEFAULTSORT Berber Flag Category Berber culture Flag Category Berberism Category Flags of indigenous peoples Category Proposed flags ar fr Drapeau berb re it Bandiera berbera kab Asen aq amazi ... more details
Infobox Political party name english Socialist Forces Front name native French Language French Front des Forces socialistes br Arabic Language Arabic br Kabyle language Taqbaylit Tirni I allen Inemlayen party logo File FFS logo.png colorcode 007FFF leader Hocine Ait Ahmed chairman Karim Tabbou position Centre left spokesperson foundation 29th September 1963 ideology Social democracy , br Democratic socialism , br Berberism , br Algerianism , br La cit Secularism headquarters Algiers , Algiers Province , Algeria international Socialist International colours website http www.ffs dz.com http www.ffs dz.com country Algeria elections algeria The Socialist Forces Front French Language French Front des Forces socialistes , FFS Arabic Language Arabic , Kabyle language Taqbaylit Tirni I allen Inemlayen , is a social democratic and secularist , political party in Algeria . It was formed in 1963 by Hocine Ait Ahmed . The FFS is a member of the Socialist International . The party was formed the 29 September 1963 in Tizi Ouzou to oppose Ben Bella s government. Following the party s creation, a number of towns in Kabylie gave them their support. The Ben Bella government, aided by the Arm e de Lib ration nationale , swiftly took control of the dissident towns during a mostly bloodless confrontation. Preferring to avoid direct conflict, the FFS and its soldiers retracted into the mountains from where they could launch guerrilla tactics. It boycotted the 2002 elections. See also Berber people Politics of Algeria Rally for Culture and Democracy RCD . Arouch Movement A political organization modelled on traditional berber village councils. External links http www.ffs dz.com Official website Algerian political parties Category Political parties in Algeria Category Berberism Category Socialist International Category Social democratic parties Africa party stub Algeria stub ar ca Front de Forces Socialistes de Front Sozial ... more details
distinguish Tamazight Unreferenced date February 2011 File Berber World.png thumb 400px Tamazgha Portal Berbers Tamazgha in Tifinagh script is a Berber language Berber word employed for the area more often known as the Maghreb or North Africa , covering the area between the Mediterranean Sea and the Niger River , from Siwa Oasis to the Canary Islands . Although the root MZGH is very ancient, Tamazgha as a country name is modern, coined in the context of Berber nationalism . It appeared for the first time in Algeria in the seventies. It is not clear at all who invented it. Some say it was Mouloud Mammeri 1917 1989 . According to others, it was Kateb Yacine 1929 1989 . The main inhabited areas of Tamazgha are northern Libya and the Atlas Mountains chain from Tunisia to Western Sahara . It corresponds roughly to Herodotus Ancient Libya Libya , and to the medieval European term Barbary . The term is used by the Berber activists because there is no common word that refers to all the geographical territory inhabited by the Berbers, since the Berbers live in several countries, and they are politically not united, many scattered by the World by the Berber Diaspora. So, the name has been created to define an Amazigh Berber Nation, even if the term is rarely used especially by pro Arabo pro Islamic Berbers against Arab domination and unity of their Brother People . Many philologists sort this term like neologism, built from traditional Berber terms. Also it has been translated into Spanish as Mazigia . It abbreviated as MZG and used as an alternative international license plate code for some people http atlasgeo.span.ch fotw flags es 7Dic.html . Category Maghreb Category Divided regions Category Berberism Berber stub AfricaN geo stub ar ca Tamazgha es Tamazgha fr Tamazgha nl Berberse Wereld no Tamazgha ... more details
Image National Congress of the Canaries logo.png frame right CNC symbol National Congress of the Canaries lang es Congreso Nacional de Canarias CNC is a separatist political party in the Canary Islands , Spain . It supports independence for the Canary Islands. The CNC was founded in 1986 by Antonio Cubillo , former general secretary of MPAIAC , after Cubillo returned from Algiers , where he lived. ref name Rodgers1999 cite book last Rodgers first Eamonn J. title Encyclopedia of contemporary Spanish culture url http books.google.com books?id ymIXLhegGnwC year 1999 publisher CRC Press isbn 978 0 415 13187 2 page 132 ref CNC achieved representation in a municipal council of the Canary Islands only once, in the 1987 elections. It won 819 votes 6.47 in the municipality of Arrecife Lanzarote and won one seat. In 1991 CNC made a coalition with Popular Front of the Canary Islands FREPIC AWA AK under the name Coalici n Canarias por la Independencia . However, the CNC obtained less votes than when it had gone to the elections on its own. Presently it doesn t take part in the electoral process of the Canary Islands and it shows few signs of political activity. The CNC s symbol consists of Berber languages Berber letter Z ref http www.webcitation.org query?url http www.geocities.com Athens Atrium 3642 arms.htm&date 2009 10 25 05 54 04 Coat of Arms Bot generated title ref , which is a controversial Canarian symbol. Few Canarians, as the polls show, support Antonio Cubillo s policy of Berberism reverting to Berber roots . ref es icon http www.canarias7.es articulo.cfm?Id 65315 Canarias 7. Pol tica. La Rep blica debuta con rechazo Bot generated title ref The youth wing of the National Congress of the Canaries became the group that is today known as Azarug . In 1992 Azarug split from the CNC party and initiated its own course. Finally in January 2009 the National Congress of the Canaries formed a new youth section under the name Juventudes del Congreso Nacional de Canarias JCNC . r ... more details
Wiktionary Berber comes from the Arabic word al barbar ar D8 A8 D8 B1 D8 A7 D8 A8 D8 B1 D8 A9 , which comes from the onomatopoeia Bar Bar , used by Greeks as Bla Bla to describe other languages. Bar Bar was adopted by the Arabic speakers to refer to the original inhabitants of North Africa , west and south of Egypt ref name OED as a non civilized population. The word Berber is itself related to the older word Barbaroi, which is used in the document Periplus Maris Erythaie Periplus of the Erythraean Sea Periplus of the Red Sea , a document written in Greek in the middle of the first century A.D. This document indicates that the Barbaroi, meaning the inhabitats of northen Somali coast, were trading with the Ancient Egypt ians, Roman Empire Romans and inhabitants of Pre Islamic Arabia ref Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi, Culture and Customs of Somalia, page 13 ref . It also gives the names of some of the ports like Berbera . Nowadays the word Berber is used to refer to the Berber people Amazigh . Historically the term was applied by Greek and Arab geographers from ancient and medieval times to the original inhabitants of History of Somalia Somalia . Berber may refer to a member of the Berber people the Berber languages , a family of Afro Asiatic languages Berberism , a political cultural term supporting a distinct Berber identity Berber calendar Berber cuisine Berber Jews and the Judeo Berber language Berber music Berber mythology Berber pantheon Berber Revolt in 740 43 AD Berber etymology , the etymology of the word Berbere , a spice mixture from Ethiopia Barbara region Bilad al Barbar , the ancient and medieval name of Somalia Berbera , a port city in Somalia Berber Spring was a period of political protest in Algeria Berber, Sudan , a town on the Nile Berber Toad , a species of toad found in Algeria Berber carpet , a type of carpet People Ady Berber 1913&ndash 1966 , Austrian film actor Anita Berber , German dancer, actress, writer, and prostitute Mersad Berber ... more details
father of Berberism, Bessaoud was a Muhjahedin during the war of liberation 1954 62, founder of the Acad mie ... lights of Berberism during the 20th and early 21st centuries. Sa d Sadi , secularist politician ... more details
Infobox writer For more information see Template Infobox Writer doc . name Mouloud Mammeri image Mouloud mammeri 349003.jpg caption Mouloud Ma meri pseudonym birth date December 28, 1917 birth place Beni yenni Ait Yenni , Algeria death date February 1989 car accident death place A n Defla , Algeria resting place occupation Writer, Berber Linguist, activist language Algerian Arabic , Kabyle language Kabyle , French language French nationality ALG ethnicity Berber people Berber period 40s to 80s movement Berberism berberist notableworks Tajerrumt n Tamazight br Amawal Tamazight Arab influences influenced awards signature Signature Mouloud Mammeri.jpg signature alt website portaldisp Algeria Unreferenced date May 2007 Portal Berbers Mouloud Mammeri is an Algeria n Kabyle language Kabyle writer, anthropologist and linguist. Born on December 28, 1917 in Taourirt Mimoune Beni yenni Ait Yenni in Tizi Ouzou Province , Algeria died in February 1989 near A n Defla in a car accident while returning from a conference in Oujda , Morocco . Biography Mouloud Mammeri attended a primary school in his native village. In 1928 he emigrated to Morocco to live in his uncle s house in Rabat . Four years later he returned to Algiers and pursued his studies at Bugeaud College. He then went to Lyc e Louis le Grand in Paris intending to join the cole Normale Sup rieure . Conscripted in 1939 and discharged in October 1940, Mouloud Mammeri registered at the Facult des Lettres d Algiers Alger . Re conscripted in 1942 after the American landing, he participated in the allied campaigns in France, Italy, and Germany. After the end of the war, he received his degree as a professor of arts and returned to Algeria in September 1947 . He taught in M d a , and then in Ben Aknoun , and published his first novel, The Forgotten Hill in 1952. He was forced to leave Algiers in 1957 because of the Algerian War . Mouloud came back to Algeria shortly after its independence, in 1962. From 1965 to 1972 he taugh ... more details
nation Berberism Berberists , those who view themselves as part the Algerian nation known as Algerianists ... N mtDNA N 1.61 and Haplogroup R mtDNA R 3.23 . See also Berber people Kabylism and Berberism Kabyle ... more details
Articles arranged alphabetically related to Algeria include compactTOC8 side yes top yes num yes A Abd al Qadir al Jaza iri Ferhat Abbas Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani Hocine Achiou Adherbal Adrar Province, Algeria Moussa Ag Amastan Aghlabid Ahaggar Mountains Ahd 54 Nassim Akrour Ain Defla Ain Temouchent Ain Zaatout Air Alg rie Air Alg rie Flight 6289 Hocine A t Ahmed Alcan in Africa Algerian Communist Party Algerian Franco Muslim Rally Almohad Almoravides Al Qabail Mountains Algeria at the 2004 Summer Olympics Algeria national football team Algerian Civil War Algerian Constitution Algerian Cup Algerian dinar Algerian Family Code Algerian hip hop Algerian legislative elections, 1997 Algerian local elections, 1990 Algerian National Assembly elections, 1991 Algerian National Front Algerian Party for Democracy and Socialism Algerian presidential election, 2004 Algerian presidential elections, 1995 Algerian War of Independence Algerian wine Algerianist Algiers Allahu Akbar Matoub Abdelkader Alloula Amenokal Amguid crater Colonel Amirouche Andalusi nubah Annaba Annaba Province Annaba University Anzad Arak gorges Archeology of Algeria Salim Aribi Armed Islamic Group Arm e de l Air Part III End of empire in Indochina and Algeria, 1939 1962 Abbas Aroua Arouch Aterian Atlas Mountains Augustine of Hippo Aur s Mountains Paul Aussaresses B Boudouaou Bahmer Bas Saharan Basin Battle of Algiers disambiguation Batna City Batna Batna Province B char Province Djamel Beghal Mohammed Bedjaoui Bela d Abrika Belaid Abdessalam Krim Belkacem Abdelaziz Belkhadem Larbi Belkheir Djamel Belmadi Samir Beloufa Ahmed Ben Bella Ahmed Benbitour Chadli Bendjedid Ali Benflis Mohamed Benhamou Beni Ounif massacre Beni Ali massacre Beni Messous massacre Bentalha massacre B ja a B ja a Province Belisarius Berber people Berber Berberism Berber music Berber languages Berrouaghia prison massacre Biskra Biskra Province Rabah Bitat Blida Bocchus II Bordj Bou Arreridj Bordj Bou Arreridj Province Ahmed Bouchiki F ... more details
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