Infobox journal title BiologyLetters cover Image BiologyLetters cover.gif editor Brian Charlesworth discipline Biology abbreviation Biol. Lett. publisher Royal Society Publishing country United Kingdom frequency Bimonthly history 2005 present license impact 3.651 impact year 2010 website http rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org link1 link1 name link2 link2 name JSTOR OCLC LCCN CODEN ISSN 1744 9561 eISSN 1744 957X BiologyLetters is a Peer review peer reviewed scientific journal . It was split off as a separate journal from the Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences in 2005 after having been published as a supplement. Originally it was published quarterly, but from 2007 it has been published bimonthly. The journal publishes short articles from across biology . The editor in chief is Brian Charlesworth . As of 2010, BiologyLetters has an impact factor of 3.651 and is ranked 14th in Biology. Contents and themes All content is assigned to one of the following categories Animal behaviour , Biomechanics , Community ecology , Conservation, Evolutionary biology , Evolutionary developmental biology , Genomics Genome biology , Global Change Biology, Marine biology , Molecular evolution , Neurobiology , Palaeontology , Pathogen Biology, Physiology , Phylogeny , Population ecology , or Population genetics . The journal publishes research articles, opinion pieces, scientific meeting reports, comments, and invited reply articles. External links Official http rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org Category Biology journals Category Publications established in 2005 Category Bimonthly journals Category English language journals Category Royal Society biology journal stub ru BiologyLetters sl BiologyLetters ... more details
BiologyLetters A Impact factor high impact Royal Society journal publishing peer review ...Other uses pp semi protected small yes pp move indef File Biology organism collage.png thumb 300px Biology ... , and Brachypelma smithi science Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life ... glossary.html Aquarena Wetlands Project glossary of terms. ref Biology is a vast subject containing ... that can be said to be the fundamental axioms of modern biology ref name avila biology cite book author Avila, Vernon L. title Biology Investigating life on earth publisher Jones and Bartlett location ... and constant condition Living organisms consume and transform energy . Subdisciplines of biology ... them biochemistry examines the rudimentary chemistry of life molecular biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological molecules cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell biology cell physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissue biology tissues , Organ anatomy organs , and organ system s of an organism and ecology examines ... History of biology File Tree of life by Haeckel.jpg thumb Ernst Haeckel s Tree of Life 1879 The term wikt biologybiology is derived from the Greek Language Greek word lang grc wikt , bios ... of amphibians by deletion of the initial amphi . Although biology in its modern form is a relatively ... subcontinent , and China . However, the origins of modern biology and its approach to the study ... 384 BC 322 BC who contributed most extensively to the development of biology. Especially important ... Islamic world who wrote on biology included al Jahiz 781 869 , Al Dinawari 828 896 , who wrote ... hierarchy of life. Biology began to quickly develop and grow with Antony van Leeuwenhoek s dramatic ... to the central importance of the cell biology cell . In 1838 and 1839, Matthias Jakob Schleiden ... as cell theory . ref Sapp, Genesis , chapter 7 Coleman, Biology in the Nineteenth Century ... more details
No footnotes date November 2011 Infobox Book image File Letters novel 1st edition cover.jpg 200px image caption First edition cover author John Barth cover artist country United States language English language English genre Epistolary novel publisher Fawcett Columbine pub date 1979 media type Print pages 772 1982 edition isbn ISBN 0436036746 oclc 16495246 LETTERS is an epistolary novel by the American writer John Barth , published in 1979. It consists of a series of letters in which Barth and the characters of his other books interact. External links cite journal author Marjorie Godlin Roemer title The Paradigmatic Mind John Barth s LETTERS journal Twentieth Century Literature volume 33 issue 1 year 1987 pages 38 50 doi 10.2307 441331 publisher Twentieth Century Literature, Vol. 33, No. 1 jstor 441331 John Barth navbox DEFAULTSORT Letters Novel Category 1979 novels Category 20th century American novels Category Epistolary novels Category Novels by John Barth 1970s novel stub es Las cartas novela ... more details
Infobox journal title Ecology Letters abbreviation Ecol. Lett. cover File ELECover.gif discipline Ecology editor Marcel Holyoak frequency Monthly website http www.wiley.com bw journal.asp?ref 1461 023x link1 http onlinelibrary.wiley.com journal 10.1111 28ISSN 291461 0248 link1 name Online access publisher Wiley Blackwell country history 1998 present impact 15.253 impact year 2010 ISSN 1461 023X eISSN 1461 0248 CODEN ECLEFU LCCN sn98015378 OCLC 40121970 Ecology Letters is a peer review peer reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley Blackwell and the French National Centre for Scientific Research Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique . Marcel Holyoak University of California, Davis took over as editor in chief from Michael Hochberg in 2008. It is published monthly in print and online. Abstracting and indexing Ecology Letters is abstracted and indexed in EBSCO Publishing Academic Search Academic Search Premier , AGRICOLA , Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts , Biological Abstracts , BIOSIS Previews BIOSIS and BIOSIS Previews , CAB Direct database CAB Abstracts , CAB Direct database CAB Health CABDirect , CSA database company Cambridge Scientific Abstracts databases , Current Contents Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences, GEOBASE database GEOBASE , GeoRef , Index Medicus MEDLINE , InfoTrac , PubMed , Science Citation Index , Scopus , and The Zoological Record . According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2010 impact factor of 15.253, ranking it 66th out of 7943 scientific and medical journals listed and the 1st out of 129 journals in the category Ecology . Topics covered Ecology Letters covers topics in Applied ecology Behavioral ecology Biodiversity Conservation biology Ecological genetics Evolutionary biology Landscape ecology Microecology Macroecology Marine biology Microbial ecology External links Official 1 http www.wiley.com ... de Ecology Letters ... more details
Italic title Infobox Journal title FEBS Letters cover File FEBSLett.jpg discipline Molecular biology abbreviation FEBS Lett. publisher Elsevier for the Federation of European Biochemical Societies country frequency 24 year history 1968 present editor Felix Wieland impact 3.601 impact year 2010 openaccess After 12 months website http www.febsletters.org link1 http www.sciencedirect.com science journal 00145793 link1 name Online access link2 link2 name JSTOR OCLC 1569056 LCCN QP501 CODEN FEBLAL ISSN 0014 5793 eISSN 1873 3468 FEBS Letters is a Peer review peer reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of biochemistry . The journal publishes minireviews, hypotheses, and research letters. FEBS Letters is one of two journals published by Elsevier for the Federation of European Biochemical Societies FEBS , along with Federation of European Biochemical Societies Molecular Oncology . Access Every issue of FEBS Letters is published online. FEBS has made the archive back to the first issue in 1968 free to access online and every issue of the journal is free 1 year after it gets published. Young Group Leader Award Each year FEBS Letters presents a 10,000 award to an independent group leader who is the corresponding author of the most outstanding research letter published in the previous calendar year. The prize winner must be the corresponding author of the manuscript and be aged 40 years or younger at the time of manuscript acceptance. Abstracting and indexing The journal is indexed in Elsevier BIOBASE BIOBASE , Biological Abstracts , BIOSIS Previews , Current Contents , EMBASE EMBASE Excerpta Medica , Genetics Abstracts , MEDLINE , Science Citation Index Neuroscience Citation Index , Science Citation Index , and Scopus . External links Official website http www.febsletters.org Category Publications established in 1968 Category Elsevier academic journals Category Molecular and cellular biology journals Category Biweekly journals Category English language journals zh ... more details
Infobox journal title PLoS Biology cover File PLoS Biology cover April 2009.svg 200px editor Jonathan Eisen discipline Biology abbreviation PLoS Biol. website http www.plosbiology.org publisher Public Library of Science country impact 12.916 impact year 2009 ISSN 1544 9173 eISSN 1545 7885 history 2003 present openaccess Yes license Creative Commons licenses Creative Commons Attribution License PLoS Biology is a Peer review peer reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of biology . Publication began on October 13, 2003. It was the first journal of the Public Library of Science . All content in PLoS Biology is published under the Creative Commons by attribution license. To fund the journal, the publication s business model requires that, in most cases, authors will pay publication costs. In addition to research articles, PLoS Biology publishes online e letters in which readers provide comments on articles. According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2009 impact factor of 12.916, ranking it first in the category Biology . ref name WoS cite web url http isiwebofknowledge.com title Web of Science year 2010 accessdate 2011 03 24 ref Mike Taylor of Discover Magazine said in 2012 that while PLoS Biology has a high impact factor, PLoS has de emphasized this traditional, problematic measure, so you won t find this fact blazoned across their website. ref name Taylorsquelching ... Due to their free licensing, files from PLoS Biology can be reused in places other than the original ... a moa . gallery References Reflist External links Portal Biology Official website http www.plosbiology.org Commons category Images from PLoS Biology PLoS Biology PLoS DEFAULTSORT Plos Biology Category Biology journals Category Creative Commons licensed journals Category Publications established in 2003 Biology journal stub es PLoS Biology fr PLoS Biology pl PLoS Biology pt PLoS Biology ru PLoS Biology sl PLoS Biology ... more details
Letters Home may refer to Letters Home Correspondence 1950 1963 , a collection of letters written by Sylvia Plath to her family Letters Home News from Babel album , 1986 Letters Home The Soldiers album , 2010 See also Letters from Home , a country music album and title track song by John Michael Montgomery disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Membrane biology is the study of the Biology biological and Biochemistry physiochemical characteristics of Biological membrane membranes . DEFAULTSORT Membrane Biology Category Membrane biologyBiology stub ... more details
of novel nanostructures and nanodevices. ref name about Abstracting and indexing Nano Letters ... in 2001 Category Monthly journals Category English language journals fr Nano Letters nl Nano Letters ... more details
Letters in the Wind could refer to Letters in the Wind a folk rock album by Will Massey Letters in the Wind Israel an Israeli TV documentary from 2001 Letters in the Wind Iran Letters in the Wind Namehay Bad an Iranian film from 2002 Letters in the Wind Italy a critically acclaimed Albanian film Albanian Italian film Italian film from 2003 Other similar sounding phrases Letters to the Wind disambig ... more details
Infobox organization name Society of Biology bgcolor header background color fgcolor header text color image Society of Biology Logo.jpg image border size 280px alt alt text see WP ALT caption Society of Biology Logo map optional msize map size, optional, default 250px malt map alt text mcaption optional map2 abbreviation motto predecessor Institute of Biology and the Biosciences Federation successor formation 2010 extinction date of extinction, optional type Governmental organization GO , Non governmental organization NGO , Intergovernmental organization IGO , International nongovernmental organization INGO , etc status ad hoc, treaty, foundation, etc purpose headquarters London , United Kingdom UK location Charles Darwin House coords Coordinates of location using a coordinates template region served membership language English language English general Secretary General leader title President leader name Nancy Rothwell Dame Nancy Rothwell br small 1st President of the Society of Biology small leader title2 leader name2 leader title3 leader name3 leader title4 leader name4 key people main organ gral. assembly, board of directors, etc parent organization if one affiliations budget num staff num volunteers website http www.societyofbiology.org home Society of Biology remarks former name The Society of Biology is a charitable organization in the United Kingdom created to advance the interests of biology . Formed in 2010 by the merger of the Biosciences Federation and the Institute of Biology , the Society has some 10,000 individual members and through its corporate specialist member societies represents over 80,000 bioscientists, professional and non professional. In addition to engaging the public on matters related to life science, the Society seeks to develop the profession and to guide the development of related policies. Members may use the letters MSB after their name ... &mdash official website Science and technology in the United Kingdom DEFAULTSORT Society Of Biology ... more details
Seven Letters may refer to Music Seven Letters Ben E. King album Seven Letters Ben E. King album , the classic 1965 album by Ben E. King Seven Letters Tonus Peregrinus album Seven Letters Tonus Peregrinus album , the 2005 Hyperion Records album by Tonus Peregrinus of music by Antony Pitts Other Letters to the seven churches in the Book of Revelation disambig ... more details
Animal biology may refer to Animal Biology journal Animal Biology journal , a scientific journal Zoology , the branch of biology that studies animals disambiguation ... more details
Quantum biology refers to applications of quantum mechanics to biological objects and problems. Usually, it is taken to refer to applications of the non trivial quantum features such as quantum superposition superposition , nonlocality , quantum entanglement entanglement and quantum tunneling tunneling , as opposed to the trivial applications such as chemical bonding which apply to biology only indirectly by dictating quantum chemistry . Erwin Schr dinger is one of the first scientists to suggest a study of quantum biology in his 1946 book What is Life? Applications Many biological processes involve the conversion of energy into forms that are usable for chemical transformations and are quantum mechanical in nature. Such processes involve chemical reactions , light absorption , formation of Excited state excited electronic states , Exciton transfer of excitation energy , and the transfer of electrons and protons hydrogen ion s in chemical processes such as photosynthesis and cellular respiration. ref Quantum Biology. University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group. http www.ks.uiuc.edu Research quantum biology ref Quantum biology uses computation ... releases 2007 01 070116133617.htm Science Daily Quantum Biology Powerful Computer Models Reveal ... quantum coherence and entanglement in the avian compass , Physics Review Letters, vol. 106 ... Transfer Did Nature Think of It First? journal Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters year 2010 volume ... M. Bezrukov , and Hans Frauenfelder , Plenary debate quantum effects in biology trivial or not? Fluctuation and Noise Letters , 8 1 , pp. C5 C26, 2008. Philip Ball, http www.nature.com news 2011 110615 full 474272a.html Physics of life The dawn of quantum biology , Nature 474 2011 , 272 ... Research quantum biology Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign DEFAULTSORT Quantum Biology Category Biophysics Category Quantum mechanics Biology ... more details
saved book title Biology subtitle An introduction cover image SEM blood cells.jpg cover color Biology An introduction Main article Biology Research Molecular biology Cell biology Genetics Developmental biology Physiology Anatomy Evolution Modern evolutionary synthesis Natural selection Taxonomy Ecology Ethology Behavior Biogeography Biochemistry DEFAULTSORT Biology Category Wikipedia books on biologyBiology ... more details
Wiktionary biologyBiology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms. Biology may also refer to Biology The Unity and Diversity of Life , a college level textbook compiled by Cecie Starr and Ralph Taggart Biology , a textbook by Neil Campbell scientist Neil Campbell , first published in 1987 Biology band , an American rock indie band Biology song Biology song , a song by Girls Aloud See also Biosciences disambiguation disambiguation ... more details
Other uses Unreferenced date March 2008 Globalize date December 2010 Block letters are a form of writing in which the letters are upright, separated, and usually made without serifs. In English speaking countries children are first taught to write in block letters also called printed letters , and later may advance to cursive joined writing. Other countries Poland, Italy, etc. focus on cursive writing from the first grade. Citation needed date January 2011 On official forms, one is often asked to write in block capital letters . This is because cursive handwriting, and especially signatures, can be hard to read. It is often misconstrued that one must write in capital letters when writing in block letters.Block letters are usually easier than bubble letters and it s often used on doing posters. In at least one court case involving patents, trademarks and registration of designs, the term block letters was found to include both upper and lower case. Fossil Inc v The Fossil Group where? In typography , the term block letters is applied Citation needed date January 2011 to crude fonts formed by cutting a material such as wood or metal without the sophistication usually associated with professional type design in typography . DEFAULTSORT Block Letters Category Penmanship Category Education related terms Writingsystem stub de Druckschrift nl Blokletter no Blokkbokstaver fi Painokirjaimet ... more details
Infobox Journal cover discipline Chemistry abbreviation Chem. Lett. website http www.chemistry.or.jp journals chem lett publisher Chemical Society of Japan country Japan history 1972 to present impact 1.460 impact year 2009 ISSN 0366 7022 CODEN CMLTAG Chemistry Letters is a scientific journal published by the Chemical Society of Japan . It specialises in the rapid publication of highlight reviews and letters on all areas of chemistry. The impact factor of this journal is 1.460 2009 . ref Journal Citation Reports, 2010 ref References references External links http www.csj.jp index e.html Chemical Society of Japan home page chem journal stub Category Chemistry journals de Chemistry Letters fr Chemistry Letters ja Chemistry Letters pl Chemistry Letters ... more details
Infobox Book name Letters to Ottla & the Family title orig Briefe an Ottla und die Familie translator Richard and Clara Winston image image caption author Franz Kafka illustrator cover artist Tim Gaydos country United States language German language German series subject genre Letters publisher Schocken Books release date 1974 english release date 1982 media type Print, Hardcover pages 130 p. isbn 0 8052 3772 0 dewey 833 .912 19 congress PT2621.A26 Z53913 1982 oclc 7554590 preceded by followed by Letters to Ottla & the Family is a book collecting Franz Kafka s letters to his sister Ottla Ottilie Davidov , n e Kafka , as well as some letters to his parents Julie and Hermann Kafka. These letters were composed between 1909 and 1924 though Ottla died in the Holocaust , the letters were preserved by her husband and children. Originally published in German in 1974, the letters were translated into English language English by Richard and Clara Winston and published by Schocken Books in 1982. The English edition also includes photographs of Kafka and Ottla, as well as several images of postcards, letters, and drawings Kafka had sent his sister. References Kafka, Franz. Letters to Ottla & the Family . New York Schocken Books, 1982. ISBN 0805237720 Kafka Category Essays by Franz Kafka Category 1974 books ... more details
Infobox Journal title Physics Letters cover discipline Physics language English abbreviation Phys. Lett. publisher Elsevier country Netherlands frequency 48 issues year history openaccess editor VM Agranovich, AR Bishop, et al. license impact 1.963 A , 5.255 B impact year 2010 website http www.elsevier.com wps find journaldescription.cws home 505705 description link1 link1 name link2 link2 name RSS atom JSTOR OCLC LCCN CODEN ISSNlabel Physics Letters A ISSN 0375 9601 eISSN ISSN2label Physics Letters B ISSN2 0370 2693 boxwidth Physics Letters ref http www.sciencedirect.com science journal 00319163 Physics Letters ref was a scientific journal published from 1962 to 1966, when it split in two series now published by Elsevier Physics Letters A condensed matter physics, theoretical physics, nonlinear science, statistical physics, mathematical and computational physics, general and cross disciplinary physics including foundations , atomic, molecular and cluster physics, plasma and fluid physics, optical physics, biological physics and nanoscience. ref http www.elsevier.com wps find journaldescription.cws home 505705 description Physics Letters A ref Physics Letters B nuclear physics, theoretical nuclear physics, experimental high energy physics, theoretical high energy physics, and astrophysics. ref http www.elsevier.com wps find journaldescription.cws home 505706 description Physics Letters B ref See also List of periodicals published by Elsevier References reflist journal stub Category Physics journals Category Publications established in 1962 Category Elsevier academic journals de Physics Letters fr Physics Letters A it Physics Letters tr Physics Letters zh ... more details
The Austrasian Letters is a collection of diplomatic and other correspondence from the late fifth to the early seventh centuries, compiled at the court of the Franks Frankish kings of Austrasia in the seventh century. It appears that the collection was originally compiled as a primer to assist in the teaching of literature and in particular the complex Latin rhetoric of early medieval diplomatic correspondence. Importance The letters give insight into the workings of Frankish diplomacy, and life at the Austrasian court. The letters include insights into the literacy of the kings inner circle and the way diplomacy was conducted, together with snippets of information not supplied by other sources of the period. The letters are particularly useful in illuminating the complex diplomatic relations between Austrasia and the Byzantine Empire during much of the 6th century. Caution must be exercised however, not to draw too much from the letters. The collection is at heart a compilation of disparate letters and their replies are often not included. Without a prior understanding of the greater context surrounding the letters, their content may be mis interpreted. By whom date March 2011 Also as some of the letters cannot be reliably dated, there is debate surrounding the interpretation of certain letters, particularly letter number twenty. References Epistolae Austrasicae , Monumenta Germaniae Historica, ed. W. Arndt and B. Krusch, 1885 Category Historical documents Category Merovingian dynasty Category Diplomatic correspondence France hist stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Wills, trusts, estates Letters of Administration are granted by a Surrogate Court or probate registry to appoint appropriate people to deal with a deceased person s Estate law estate where property will pass under Intestacy Rules or where there are no executor s living and willing and able to act having been validly appointed under the deceased s will law will . Traditionally, letters of administration granted to a representative of a testate estate are called letters of administration with the will annexed or letters of administration cum testamentio annexio or c.t.a. . See also Administration of an estate on death Administration Probate DEFAULTSORT Letters Of Administration Category Wills and trusts Law stub ... more details
Infobox Journal cover Image Organic Letters cover.jpg 150 px discipline Organic chemistry abbreviation Org. Lett. website http pubs.acs.org journals orlef7 index.html publisher American Chemical Society country flag United States history 1999 to present impact 5.250 impact year 2010 eISSN 1523 7052 ISSN 1523 7060 CODEN ORLEF7 Organic Letters usually abbreviated as Org. Lett. , is a peer review peer reviewed scientific journal , published since 1999 by the American Chemical Society . OL is indexed in Chemical Abstracts Service CAS , EBSCOhost , British Library , PubMed , Web of Science , and SwetsWise. References references Category American Chemical Society academic journals chem journal stub fr Organic Letters nl Organic Letters pl Organic Letters zh ... more details
Infobox Book name Letters to Felice title orig Briefe an Felice translator James Stern and Elisabeth Duckworth image Image Letters to Felice.jpg thumb image caption 1973 English edition of Letters to Felice author Franz Kafka illustrator cover artist country United States language German language German series subject genre Letters publisher Schocken Books release date 1967 english release date 1973 media type Print, Hardcover pages isbn 0 8052 3500 0 preceded by followed by Letters to Felice is a book collecting some of Franz Kafka s letters to Felice Bauer from 1912 to 1917. Schocken Books acquired these letters from Felice Bauer in 1955, in addition to roughly half of Kafka s letters to Grete Bloch , Bauer s friend. Additional letters to Bloch were acquired at a later date. During the period of the correspondence Kafka and Bauer were engaged twice, and Kafka produced some of his most famous works, including The Metamorphosis , In the Penal Colony and his first attempts at writing The Trial . Originally published in German language German in 1967 as Briefe an Felice , the collection was first published in English language English by Schocken Books in 1973. It was translated by James Stern and Elisabeth Duckworth. Bulgaria n novelist Elias Canetti wrote about the correspondence in Kafka s Other Trial The Letters to Felice . Through a reading of the letters along with sections of The Trial Canetti examined Kafka s struggle between a comfortable middle class life and individual isolation. References Kafka, Franz. Letters to Felice New York Schocken Books. 1973. ISBN 0 8052 3500 0 Kafka Category 1967 essays Category Essays by Franz Kafka ... more details
The term Apostolic Letters Litterae apostolicae in Latin has two uses in Roman Catholicism The letters of the Apostles to Christian communities or those in authority, i.e. the Pauline Epistles , the Letter to the Hebrews , together with the seven General epistles of the other Apostles. various ecclesiastical letter documents issued by the Pope or in his name, e.g. Papal bull s and briefs. disambig ... more details
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