Multiple issues refimprove August 2009 confusing August 2009 A biomarker , or biological marker , is in general a chemical substance substance used as an wikt indicator indicator of a biological state. It is a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological process es, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention . It is used in many scientific fields . Medicine main Biomarker medicine In medicine , a biomarker can be a traceable substance that is introduced into an organism as a means to examine organ function or other ... state, for example, the presence of an antibody may indicate an infection . More specifically, a biomarker ... is a Biomarker? ref A useful way of finding genetic causes for diseases such as schizophrenia has been the use of a special kind of biomarker called an endophenotype . Cell biology main biomarker cell In cell biology , a biomarker cell biomarker is a molecule that allows for the detection and isolation of a particular cell type for example, the protein Oct 4 is used as a biomarker to identify embryonic ... , a biomarker identified as genetic marker is a DNA sequence that causes disease or is associated ... studied. Geology and astrobiology main Biosignature Biomarker chemicals A biomarker can be any kind ... and astrobiology , biomarkers, versus geomarkers, are also known as biosignature s. The term biomarker is also used to describe biological involvement in the Biomarker chemicals generation of petroleum ... and in organisms. The biomarker may be an external substance itself e.g. asbestos particles or NNK ... can be quantified. See also Bioindicator . See also Bioindicator Biomarker discovery Biomarkers journal Biomarker insights a journal Molecular marker References Reflist External links wiktionary http ... Category Biology terminology ca Biomarcador de Biomarker et Biomarker es Biomarcador fr Biomarqueur it Biomarcatore pl Biomarkery geologia pt Biomarcador sk Biomarker sr th zh ... more details
Otheruses2 Biomarker A biomarker can be understood as a molecule that is present or absent from a particular cellular type. This facilitates the characterization of a cell type, their identification, and eventually their isolation. Cell sorting techniques are based on cellular biomarkers for example, Fluorescent activated cell sorting . A biomarker can be used to identify a cell population, make a diagnostic , measure the progress of disease or the effects of treatment. ref http www.medterms.com script main art.asp?articlekey 6685 Medterms definition ref One example of cellular biomarker is the protein Oct 4 that is found in embryonic stem cell s, while the Carcinoembryonic antigen CEA is a tumoral marker used to follow up cancer treatment, and the Prostate Specific Antigen PSA is used for diagnostic. ref http www.questdiagnostics.com kbase topic medtest hw3988 consider.htm Quest diagnostic ref References reflist Cell biology stub Category Cell biology ... more details
Otheruses2 Biomarker Biomarkers are any of a suite of complex organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and other elements such as oxygen,nitrogen and sulfur, which are found in crude oils, bitumens and a petroleum source rock and eventually show simplification in molecular structure from the parent organic molecules found in all living organisms. Essentially, they are complex carbon based molecules derived from formerly living organisms. ref Wang, Z. Stout, S. Fingas, M. Environmental Forensics, 2006 7, 105 146. ref Biomarker compounds are typically analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry . Some examples of biomarkers found in petroleum are pristane , phytane , sterane s, Oleanane triterpanes and porphyrin . Geologists and Geochemists utilize biomarkers traces found in crude oils and their related source rock to unravel the stratigraphic origin and migration pathways of presently existing petroleum deposits. ref Ian M. Head, D. Martin Jones & Steve R. Larter. Biological activity in the deep subsurface and the origin of heavy oil. Nature, 2003, 1 36. ref References reflist The Biomarker Guide. Interpreting Molecular Fossils in Petroleum and Ancient Sediments , 1993,by Kenneth Peters and J.Michael Moldowan,Prentice Hall, ISBN 0 13 086752 7 Category Petroleum biochem stub de Biomarker et Biomarker pl Biomarkery geologia ... more details
Notability date June 2010 Infobox journal title Biomarker Insights cover editor Stephen F. Kingsmore discipline Biomarker s peer reviewed language English language English formernames abbreviation publisher Libertas Academica country frequency history 2006 present openaccess Yes license impact impact year website http la press.com journal.php?journal id 4 link1 link1 name link2 link2 name RSS atom JSTOR OCLC 71909732 LCCN CODEN ISSN 1177 2719 eISSN boxwidth Biomarker Insights is a peer review ed Open access publishing open access academic journal focusing on biomarker s and their clinical applications. The journal aims to be a venue for rapid communications in the field. The journal was founded in 2006, and is published by Libertas Academica . The editor in chief is Stephen F. Kingsmore . Indexing The journal is indexed in columns list 2 Chemical Abstracts Service Directory of Open Access Journals EBSCO Academic Research Complete Embase Google Scholar OAIster Pubmed Pubmed Central SCOPUS External links http la press.com journal.php?journal id 4&pa about this journal Biomarker Insights website Category Biochemistry journals Category Publications established in 2006 Category English language journals Science journal stub ... more details
Biomarker discovery is a medical term describing the process by which biomarker medicine biomarker s are discovered. Many commonly used blood test s in medicine are biomarkers. There is interest in biomarker discovery on the part of the pharmaceutical industry blood test or other biomarkers could serve ... . Mechanism of action The way that these tests have been found can be viewed as biomarker discovery ... a few markers at a time have been considered. An example of biomarker discovery is the use of insulin ..., enabling the same measurements to be made without insulin injections. The recent interest in biomarker ... technical difficulties remain. The identification of clinically significant protein biomarker ... Biomarker Discovery journal Journal of Proteome Research volume 4 issue 4 pages 1073 85 year 2005 pmid ... and, hence, high performance by the biofluid . However, current approaches to biomarker prediction have ... to biomarker identification and its recent applications journal Cancer biomarkers section a of Disease ... theoretic framework for biomarker discovery, integrating biofluid and tissue information, has been ... J last4 Chang first4 A last5 Ramoni first5 MF title System wide peripheral biomarker discovery ... exvivo.html Ex Vivo Blood Stimulation in Biomarker Discovery ref Most research using this method ... blood samples and analyse them instantly so they do not deteriorate. See also BiomarkerBiomarker ..., Biomarker Discovery Sciences, PPD, Inc title The Hottest New Term in Biotech url http www.ppdi.com ...?aid 2330 cite web author Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News title Capitalizing on Biomarker Discovery ... title Planning for Success in Biomarker Discovery url http www.genengnews.com articles chitem.aspx ... research biomarker discovery.jsp title High Risk Plaque Blood Biomarker Discovery Study year 2007 accessdate 2011 08 22 Academic journals in the field http la press.com journal.php?journal id 4 Biomarker Insights DEFAULTSORT Biomarker Discovery Category Proteomics ... more details
The word biomarker can be defined as any detectable biologic feature that provides information about its source. As a general term, it applies to any and all detection modalities. An imaging biomarker ... biomarker is a feature of an image that represents a particular aspect of the patient being imaged ... of a neoplasm. The lesion itself serves as a biomarker, but the minute details of the lesion serve .... For a biomarker to become qualified it must go through a somewhat formal qualification process. A request must be submitted to IPRG to qualify an imaging biomarker for a specific use. The Biomarker ... and available data regarding the biomarker. They also evaluate the qualification study strategy methods and results and ultimately make a decision to accept or reject. After qualification, a biomarker .... Biomarker Qualification Pilot Process at the US FDA. AAPS Journal. 2007 9 1 105 108 ref For full validation, a biomarker must demonstrate that the treatment versus control differences are similar to the treatment ... that the biomarker responders survive longer than the biomarker non responders. Quality of imaging biomarkers The following are 3 measures of quality to determine the strength of biomarker for use ... research. Nat Rev Cancer 2002 2 19 27 ref The presence of the imaging biomarker is closely coupled ... measurement of the imaging biomarker is accurate, reproducible, and feasible over time. The measured changes over time in the imaging biomarker are closely coupled or linked to the success or failure ... for the generation of data for clinical biomarker qualification. The Predictive Safety Testing Consortium ... needed for data sharing between its members in order to make biomarker qualification easier ... and using the biomarker, and the modalities used in the detection of the biomarker. International Cancer Biomarker Consortium was created to assist in discovery of biomarkers by facilitating coordinated ... between imaging scientists and oncologic investigators. Oncology Biomarker Qualification Initiative ... more details
Otheruses2 Biomarker In medicine, a biomarker is a term often used to refer to a protein measured in blood whose concentration reflects the severity or presence of some disease state. More generally a biomarker ... state of an organism. A biomarker can be a substance that is introduced into an organism ... an infection . More specifically, a biomarker indicates a change in expression or state of a protein ... changes in biological structures can also serve as biomarkers. Although the term biomarker ... is a well known biomarker for fever. Blood pressure is used to determine the risk of stroke. It is also widely known that cholesterol values are a biomarker and risk indicator for coronary and vascular disease, and that C reactive protein C reactive protein CRP is a marker for inflammation. A biomarker .... The parameter can be chemical, physical or biological. In molecular terms biomarker is the subset ... 2003 40 382 394 ref for cancer etc. Gene based biomarker is found to be an effective and acceptable ... biomarkers , if a disease already exists diagnostic biomarker , or how such a disease may develop in an individual case regardless of the type of treatment prognostic biomarker . Predictive biomarkers ... processes. Often, such biomarkers indicate changes in metabolic processes. The classic biomarker ... autoantibodies in patient blood is a reliable biomarker for autoimmune disease , and the detection ... will become the most important aim of biomarker research in medicine. With the growing number of new ... rate. More recently, biomarker is becoming a synonym for molecular biomarker, such as elevated prostate specific antigen as a molecular biomarker for prostate cancer, or using enzyme assays as liver ... for SCCHN. Biomarkers in Drug Development Once a proposed biomarker has been validated, it can be used ... drug therapies, a biomarker may be used as a surrogate for a natural Clinical endpoint endpoint such as survival or irreversible morbidity. If a treatment alters the biomarker, which has a direct ... more details
ST2 may refer to Ducati ST2 , an Italian sport touring motorcycle ST2, the postcode district of the ST postcode area covering Bentilee, Abbey Hulton, and Bucknall ST2 cardiac biomarker , a novel biomarker of cardiac stress Sound Transit 2, a Sound Transit Sound Transit 2 joint ballot measure to expand & improve Washington state s Puget Sound public transport system Star Trek II The Wrath of Khan , a 1982 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures Zoda s Revenge StarTropics II , a video game released only in North America in 1994 Letter NumberCombDisambig ... more details
In bone bone physiology , the N terminal telopeptide or more formally, amino terminal collagen crosslinks , and known by the acronym NTX is a biomarker used to measure the rate of bone turnover. NTX can be measured in the urine or blood serum serum . ref name Kousuke Kousuke, I, et al. u Changes in urinary NTX levels in patients with primary osteoporosis undergoing long term bisphosphonate treatment u , J Orthop Sci 2008 13 438 441 ref Usefulness of NTX as a biomarker Evaluating an individual s rate of bone turnover, termed bone remodeling , directly may be important in assessing his or her potential nonsurgical treatment response as well as evaluating his or her risk of developing complications during healing following surgical intervention. To determine an individual s rate of bone turnover, numerous surrogate endpoint biomarker s are available in the body fluids that can be correlated to this rate, and one such biomarker is NTX. ref name Kousuke However, while NTX does fluctuate in a very sensitivity and specificity sensitive manner in line with bone resorption patterns, they are not very sensitivity and specificity specific , in that they may vary spontaneously without physiologic intervention. For example, NTX levels may drop by 50 from day to day with no treatment, ref Rosen HN, et al. u Utility of biochemical markers of bone turnover in the follow up of patients treated with bisphosphates u . Calcif Tissue Int 1998 63 363 368 ref thus, making NTX levels unconvincing evidence of treatment effect. ref name ROSEN Rosen HN, et al. u Serum CTX. A new marker of bone resorption that shows treatment effect more often than other markers because of low coefficient of variability and large changes with bisphosphonate therapy u . Calcif Tissue Int 2000 66 100 ref Conversely, the serum C terminal telopeptide CTX biomarker, described in 2000 by Rosen, appears to be a much more effective and valuable indicator of bone resorption rate. ref name ROSEN References reflist DEFAU ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In genetics, a molecular marker identified as genetic marker is a fragment of DNA that is associated with a certain location within the genome . Molecular markers are used in molecular biology and biotechnology to identify a particular sequence of DNA in a pool of unknown DNA. See also Biomarker DEFAULTSORT Molecular Marker Category Chemical compounds Category Authentication methods Science stub ca Marcador molecular fr Marqueur mol culaire it Marcatore molecolare sr ... more details
Molecular risk assessment is a procedure in which biomarker s for example, biological molecules or changes in tumor cell DNA are used to estimate a person s risk for developing cancer . Specific biomarkers may be linked to particular types of cancer. Sources NCI cancer dict External links http www.cancer.gov Templates db alpha.aspx?CdrID 306509 Molecular risk assessment entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms oncology stub Category Biological techniques and tools Category Cancer screening ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Proteogenix is a corporation based in Portland, Oregon , United States , that develops and markets biomarker diagnostic tests for the detection of life threatening pregnancy related conditions. Proteogenix is currently developing non invasive protein biomarker Genetic screening screening tests for intra amniotic infection , premature birth , and Down syndrome , which combined cause 175,000 premature births each year in the United States alone. ref name alone cite news url http biospace.com news company.aspx?CompanyID 2045 publisher Biospace.com title ProteoGenix News from The BioSpace Beat date September 29, 2004 ref References references External links http www.proteogenix.com Proteogenix Corporation Company Website http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi health 3930551.stm BBC NEWS Article on an Intra amniotic Infection study by Proteogenix http medir.ohsu.edu geneview images nagalla.wmv Video of local news channel KOIN 6 News covering Intra amniotic Infection research Category Companies based in Portland, Oregon Category Obstetrics Category Pregnancy tests Category Healthcare in Portland, Oregon ... more details
, an award for the discovery of a biomarker that can reduce the time and cost of ALS clinical ... 175,000 in smaller prizes for theoretical solutions and progress in the early stages of the Biomarker Prize Challenge. On February 3, 2011, Prize4Life announced that their first prize, the 1M ALS Biomarker ... of the disease. An effective biomarker will make clinical trials of ALS drugs cheaper, quicker, and more ... of a biomarker clears the way for pharmaceutical and biotech companies to develop treatments for ALS ... obstacle by far was the lack of three vital missing pieces A biomarker an inexpensive and simple ... of a clinically relevant ALS biomarker. The prize was launched with the help of InnoCentive , a company ... community needs. ALS Biomarker Prize The Biomarker Prize was Prize4Life s first prize challenge, launched ... of 15,000 each to five teams who proposed the best theoretical solutions for discovering a biomarker ... Biomarker Prize a 1 million award for the actual discovery of an ALS biomarker. Prize4Life announced the awarding of the Biomarker Prize to Dr. Seward Rutkove on February 3, 2011 for his development of a tool to track the progression of the disease. This biomarker has the potential to reduce .... Five years later, the process has culminated in the identification of a biomarker, but the ripple ... into practical application. Rutkove s biomarker, using a method called electrical impedance myography ... current, EIM can accurately measure the progression of the disease. The promise of this biomarker ... company, is already using EIM as a biomarker in an ALS clinical trial. Two additional biotechnology companies, Biogen Idec and Genzyme, are actively considering incorporating the biomarker into trials ... Scientists Net Prizes for Progress Toward ALS Biomarker. Alzheimer Research Forum. http www.alzforum.org ..., Ann 2006 11 15 . http pubs.acs.org cen news 84 i47 8447biomarker.html Big Biomarker Prize . Chemical ... more details
Use dmy dates date July 2011 Use Australian English date July 2011 Please do not add copyright material copy paste from http nari.mednwh.unimelb.edu.au people Profiles David Ames.htm David Ames is a professor of ageing and health at the University of Melbourne in Australia . ref cite web url http www.theage.com.au national new scan spots alzheimers earlier 20080618 2stc.html title New scan spots Alzheimer s earlier date 18 June 2008 publisher The Age accessdate 2009 06 27 ref He is also the current director of the National Ageing Research Institute ref cite web url http nari.mednwh.unimelb.edu.au people Profiles David Ames.htm title Executive Director publisher NARI accessdate 2009 06 27 ref and a member of the Australian Imaging, Biomarker & Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing AIBL management committee. References reflist External links http www.mednwh.unimelb.edu.au National Ageing Research Institute http aibl.csiro.au about.html Australian Imaging, Biomarker & Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Ames, David ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Ames, David Category Australian medical researchers Category Living people Category Psychiatrists from Melbourne Category University of Melbourne alumni Category University of Melbourne faculty Category Year of birth missing living people Australia academic bio stub ... more details
Orphan date November 2006 The gene reprimo has been found to be downregulated in several cancers but rarely in healthy cells. Its role appears to be related to its interaction with p53 tumor protein 53 . The gene is Methylation Biological methylation methylated , sometimes in pre cancerous growths and may be an early cancer indicator. ref 1 1 Reprimo has also been foud to be associated with the develeopment of esophageal adenocarcinaoma see Esophageal cancer , and could be a potential biomarker for early detection. ref 2 2 . Recent work suggest that Reprimo might be a potential non invasive biomarker for early detection in gastric cancer since it has been found in plasma samples of gastric cancer patients 90 but rarely 10 in plasma of healthy donors ref 3 3 . References note 1 1 cite journal author Takahashi T, Suzuki M, Shigematsu H, Shivapurkar N, Echebiri C, Nomura M, Stastny V, Augustus M, Wu CW, Wistuba II, Meltzer SJ, Gazdar AF title Aberrant methylation of Reprimo in human malignancies journal International Journal of Cancer volume 115 issue 4 year 2005 pages 503 10 pmid 15700311 doi 10.1002 ijc.20910 note 2 2 cite journal author Hamilton JP title Reprimo methylation is a potential biomarker of Barrett s Associated esophageal neoplastic progression journal Clin Cancer Res. volume 12 issue 22 year 2006 pages 6637 42 pmid 17121882 doi 10.1158 1078 0432.CCR 06 1781 author separator , display authors 1 last2 Sato first2 F. last3 Jin first3 Z. last4 Greenwald first4 B. D. last5 Ito first5 T. last6 Mori first6 Y. last7 Paun first7 B. C. last8 Kan first8 T. last9 Cheng first9 Y. note 3 3 Bernal C, Aguayo F, Villarroel C, Vargas M, D az I, Ossandon FJ, Santib ez E, Palma M, Aravena E, Barrientos C, Corvalan AH. Reprimo as a potential biomarker for early detection in gastric cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 14 6264 9. PMID 18829507 Category Genes genetics stub ... more details
NBT may refer to National Bank of Tajikistan National Book Trust National Broadcasting Services of Thailand , formerly Radio Thailand and Television of Thailand Natural bobtail Nature Biotechnology Navbharat Times , an Indian newspaper NetBIOS over TCP IP Neurophysiological Biomarker Toolbox Never Been Thawed , a 2005 film New Bark Town , a town in the Pok mon Gold , Silver , and Crystal video games. Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride Norwegian Board of Technology, a technology assessment institution in Norway Named Binary Tag, a file format used in Minecraft disambig de NBT es NBT it NBT ... more details
Biomarkers of aging are biomarker s that better predict functional capacity at a later age than chronological age. ref name BakerGT cite journal author George T. Baker, III and Richard L. Sprott title Biomarkers of aging journal EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY volume 23 issue 4 5 year 1988 pages 223 239 id pmid 3197777 ref Stated another way, biomarkers of aging would give the true biological age , which may be different from the chronological age. Validated biomarkers of aging would allow for testing interventions to life extension extend lifespan , because changes in the biomarkers would be observable throughout the lifespan of the organism. ref name BakerGT Ideally, biomarkers of aging should assay the biological process of ageing and not a predisposition to disease, should cause a minimal amount of trauma to assay in the organism, and should be reproducibly measurable during a short interval compared to the lifespan of the organism. ref name BakerGT Although Human hair color Grey and white hair graying of hair increases with age, ref cite journal author Van Neste D, Tobin DJ title Hair cycle and hair pigmentation dynamic interactions and changes associated with aging journal MICRON volume 35 issue 3 year 2004 pages 193 200 id pmid 15036274 doi 10.1016 j.micron.2003.11.006 ref hair graying cannot be called a biomarker of ageing. Similarly, wrinkle skin wrinkles and other common changes seen with aging are not better indicators of future functionality than chronological age. Gerontology Biogerontology Biogerontologists have continued efforts to find and validate biomarkers of aging, but success thus far has been limited. Although maximum lifespan would be a means of validating biomarkers of aging, it would not be a practical means for long lived species such as humans. ref cite web last Harrison, Ph.D. first David E. title V. Life span as a biomarker publisher Jackson Laboratory ... issue 4 year 2001 pages B180 B186 id pmid 11283189 ref See also Biomarker medicine References Reflist ... more details
, such as biomarker, is required for preclinical and clinical DIPL assessment. The traditional ... patient tissue biopsy samples. A qualified biomarker of DIPL in the blood or urine is needed ... phosphate as a non invasive biomarker to monitor the onset and time course of phospholipidosis ... and time course of the condition in humans. A readily accessible biomarker in the urine ... monoacylglycerol phosphate di 22 6 BMP was identified by Nextcea as a non invasive biomarker to evaluate ... recommendations. Di 22 6 BMP may be used as a biomarker of DIPL to support development of guidance for industry ... more details
Other uses2 Biomarker Multiple issues context June 2009 lead missing September 2009 Biomarkers are very useful in the world of exposure assessment when dealing with direct measurement methods. The use of biomarkers in exposure studies is also referred to as biomonitoring chemistry biomonitoring . They are chemicals, metabolites, susceptibility characteristics, or changes in the body that relate to the exposure of an organism to a chemical. Biomarkers have the ability to identify if an exposure has occurred, the route of exposure, the pathway of exposure, or the resulting effects of the exposure. When dealing with exposure assessment, there are three types of biomarkers that can be useful, biomarkers of susceptibility, biomarkers of exposure, and biomarkers of effect. Biomarkers of susceptibility Biomarkers of susceptibility are indicators of the natural characteristics of an organism that make it more susceptible to the effects of an exposure to a chemical. They can help define what sensitivities are more susceptible as well as critical times when exposures can be most detrimental. For example, the exhalation strength of an asthmatic will indicate how susceptible that person would be to the respiratory effects of exposure to brevetoxin, the toxic compound produced during a red tide. Biomarkers of exposure Biomarkers of exposure are the actual chemicals, or chemical metabolites, that can be measured in the body or after excretion from the body to determine different characteristics ... when linking a biomarker with an exposure. These include high specificity one exposure to one biomarker , linear relationship across time, strong correlation with a health effect, inexpensive study, and consistency the same exposure will produce the same concentration of the biomarker every ... of the body. From breath to hair to saliva, almost every tissue in the body has been tested as a biomarker ... table identifies major environmental pollutants and their biomarker tissue or organ ref Ott, W. R., Steinemann ... more details
wiktionarypar marker Marker may refer to Marker linguistics , a morpheme that indicates some grammatical function Marker telecommunications , a special purpose computer A set of pattern sewing sewing patterns tightly arranged within a rectangle that is placed over cloth to be cut Biomarker Marker Biology , or biological marker or biomarker, a substance used as an indicator of a biological state Genetic marker , a DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome and associated with a particular gene or trait. Slang term, denoting a favor or obligation to be called upon. Other uses Historical marker , a plaque erected at historically significant locations Marker pen , a felt tipped pen used for drawing and or coloring Paintball marker or paintball gun, an air gun Surface marker buoy , to mark a diver s position while underwater Marker beacon , a beacon used in aviation Casino marker , line of credit extended by a casino or cardroom Watch marker , up to twelve of which delineate the hours around a dial Clapperboard , equipment used during filming Taggant , a chemical or physical marker added to materials MARKER , a registered name for investment products in Benelux Names Chris Marker born 1921 , French film maker and director of La jet e Russell Earl Marker 1902 1995 , American chemist Culture Marker 2005 film , a television film starring Link Baker and Sonja Bennett Marker 2008 film , an action movie with Steven Seagal Marker novel , a thriller novel by Robin Cook Marker TV series , a 1995 American drama on UPN Companies Marker alpine bindings , a company specializing in bindings Places Marker, Norway See also Mark disambiguation Markup disambiguation disambig de Marker fr Marqueur nl Marker ja pl Marker pt Marker fi Marker sv Marker ... more details
Almac Comprehensive Drug Development Solutions http www.almacgroup.com Almac is a global leader providing integrated drug development solutions. Almac is a privately owned, financially stable organisation employing in excess of over 3,300 staff between its UK headquarters in Craigavon , Northern Ireland and its additional facilities in Souderton, Pennsylvania, Durham and North Carolina in the US and has over 30 years experience providing a high quality, dedicated service to over 600 companies worldwide. Almac offers a broad range of drug development services from research through pharmaceutical and clinical development to commercialisation of product. Their services include http www.almacgroup.com biomarker discovery development Biomarker Discovery & Development http www.almacgroup.com api services chemical development API Services & Chemical Development http www.almacgroup.com pharmaceutical development Pharmaceutical Development http www.almacgroup.com analytical Analytical Services http www.almacgroup.com clinical trial supply Clinical Trial Supply http www.almacgroup.com clinical technologies Clinical Technologies and http www.almacgroup.com commercial services Commercial Services . The company was founded in 1968 as Galen by the late Sir Allen McClay . ref cite news author Susan Aldridge title Almac Offers a Range of Integrated Services url http www.genengnews.com biobusiness cpitem.aspx?aid 2506 work Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News publisher Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. pages 8, 10 date 2008 06 15 accessdate 2008 07 06 ref Almac is involved in joint efforts with a couple of companies. It formed a deal with Hewlett Packard HP , investing in the company s test applications software, which will help shorten the time that a drug spends in clinical trials . ref cite news title Life saving drugs deal to fast track time trials date 2009 02 08 work Belfast Telegraph ref References reflist External links http www.almacgroup.com Almac official site UK company stub Ca ... more details
There exist a number of competitions and prizes to reward distinguished contributions and to encourage developments in biotechnology . Inducement prizes The Archon X Prize for Genomics of US 10,000,000 is to be awarded to the first Team that can build a device and use it to sequence 100 human genomes within 10 days or less, with an accuracy of no more than one error in every 100,000 bases sequenced, with sequences accurately covering at least 98 of the genome, and at a recurring cost of no more than 10,000 US per genome. The Prize4Life Prize4Life ALS Biomarker Prize ALS biomarker prize is a US 1,000,000 award for a reliable way of tracking progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS . The Prize4Life Prize4Life Avi Kremer ALS Treatment Prize ALS treatment prize is a US 1,000,000 award for a therapy that reliably and effectively extends the life of ALS mice by 25 . People for Ethical Treatment of Animals PETA is offering a US 1,000,000 reward for a method of producing enough meat to be marketed in 10 U.S. states at a price competitive with chicken prices. ref http www.usatoday.com news nation 2008 04 22 peta N.htm ref ref http www.peta.org b thepetafiles archive 2008 04 21 lab meat tastes like a million bucks.aspx ref Illumina company Illumina iDEA Challenge ref http www.illumina.com landing idea ref to develop new visualization and data analysis techniques. Recognition prizes The Gotham Prize for Cancer Research is a US 1,000,000 prize awarded annually to encourage new and innovative approaches to cancer research by fostering collaboration among top thinkers in the field with the goal of leading to progress in the prevention, diagnosis, etiology and treatment of cancer. ref http www.gothamprize.org ref Gruber Prize in Genetics is a US 500,000 prize awarded annually for distinguished contributions in any realm of genetics research. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is an annual grant worth approximately 10 million Swedish krona SEK . It is routi ... more details
File Phosphatidylethanol.svg thumb right General chemical structures of phosphotidylethanol, where R sup 1 sup and R sup 2 sup are fatty acid chains Phosphatidylethanols PEth are a group of phospholipid s formed only in the presence of ethanol via the action of phospholipase D . ref Cite journal last1 Gnann first1 H. last2 Engelmann first2 C. last3 Skopp first3 G. last4 Winkler first4 M. last5 Auw rter first5 V. last6 Dresen first6 S. last7 Ferreir s first7 N. last8 Wurst first8 F. M. last9 Weinmann first9 W. title Identification of 48 homologues of phosphatidylethanol in blood by LC ESI MS MS journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry volume 396 pages 2415 23 year 2010 doi 10.1007 s00216 010 3458 5 issue 7 pmid 20127079 ref Levels of phosphatidylethanols in blood are used as biomarker markers of previous alcohol consumption. ref cite journal last1 Hansson first1 Per last2 Caron first2 Murielle last3 Johnson first3 Goran last4 Gustavsson first4 Lena last5 Alling first5 Christer title Blood Phosphatidylethanol as a Marker of Alcohol Abuse Levels in Alcoholic Males during Withdrawal journal Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research volume 21 pages 108 year 1997 doi 10.1111 j.1530 0277.1997.tb03736.x ref ref cite journal last1 Hansson first1 P last2 Varga first2 A last3 Krantz first3 P last4 Alling first4 C title Phosphatidylethanol in post mortem blood as a marker of previous heavy drinking journal International journal of legal medicine volume 115 issue 3 pages 158 61 year 2001 pmid 11775018 doi 10.1007 s004140100206 ref Chemically, phosphatidylethanols are phospholipids carrying two fatty acid side chain chains , which are variable in structure, and one phosphate ethyl group ethyl ester . See also Ethyl glucuronide , another biomarker for alcohol consumption References reflist Category Phospholipids Category Ethyl esters biochemistry stub ... more details
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