Biostimulation involves the modification of the environment to stimulate existing bacteria capable of bioremediation . This can be done by addition of various forms of rate limiting nutrient s and electron acceptors , such as phosphorus , nitrogen , oxygen , or carbon e.g. in the form of molasses . Additives are usually added to the subsurface through injection wells, although injection well technology for biostimulation purposes is still emerging. Removal of the contaminated material is also an option, albeit an expensive one. Biostimulation can be enhanced by bioaugmentation . This process, overall, is referred to as bioremediation and is an United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA approved method for reversing the presence of oil or gas spills. The primary advantage of biostimulation is that bioremediation will be undertaken by already present native microorganisms that are well suited to the subsurface environment, and are well distributed spatially within the subsurface. The primary disadvantage is that the delivery of additives in a manner that allows the additives to be readily available to subsurface microorganisms is based on the local geology of the subsurface. Tight, impermeable subsurface lithology tight clay s or other fine grained material make it difficult to spread additives throughout the affected area. Fractures in the subsurface create preferential pathways in the subsurface which additives preferentially follow, preventing even distribution of additives ... using biostimulative methods. They may harness local bacteria using biostimulation by creating a hospitable ... of the subsurface are important in developing a successful biostimulation system. In addition, a pilot scale study of the potential biostimulation system should be undertaken prior to full scale design ... bond possess this quality, others do not. With the introduction of therapeutic lasers, biostimulation ... Category Environmental soil science cs Biostimulace fr Biostimulation it Biostimolazione ... more details
Kluczewo Airfield is a former Soviet airbase located in Kluczewo, a suburb of Stargard Szczeci ski in Poland . Its concrete runway measures 2500 x 60 m, but it is closed to air traffic. The base was originally built by the Luftwaffe in 1935 and used as Fliegerhorst Kl tzow until early 1945 when it was overrun by the Red Army. Soviet air units were based there from 1948 to 1992. Over the years the base was expanded, and a number of Hardened Aircraft Shelter hardened aircraft shelters built. A small military town housing the airmen and their families was built nearby. The last unit stationed there was the 159th Novorossiysk Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment flying Su 27 Flankers. After the Soviet forces left, the base was abandoned, and has fallen into ruin. In 1993 the airfield together with Kluczewo was included within the city limits of Stargard Szczeci ski. In subsequent years the runway was used for auto show s from time to time. Recently Bridgestone announced plans to build a large tire factory on the site. Construction began in June, 2007. All military buildings at the site will be demolished. The runway will be preserved for possible use in the future. In July 2007 Poland Polish researchers from the Institute of Environmental Engineering http www.pcz.pl programy miedzynarodowe doc Faculty of Environmental Protection and Engineering.pdf at Czstochowa Cz stochowa University of Technology University of Technology http www.pcz.pl http www.pcz.pl index.php?jezyk en undertook trials of bacteria based bioaugmentation and biostimulation to gain biodegradation of oil hydrocarbons and reduce soil contamination of the site. http www.informaworld.com smpp content content a781477511 db all jumptype rss External links http www.sulecin.cyberdusk.pl thumbnails.php?album 73 Photo gallery http poradzieckie.szprotawa.org.pl stargard szczecinski kluczewo.html Description http www.heimatkreis stargard.de Fliegerhorst 20Kluetzow.htm Kluczewo as Luftwaffe base coord 53 16 50 N 14 58 ... more details
NOTOC div style float left width 69 Biotechnology is a technology based on biology , especially when used in agriculture , food science , and medicine . Of the many different definitions available, the one formulated by the UN Convention on Biological Diversity is one of the broadest Biotechnology means any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use. Article 2. Use of Terms div style text align right margin right 10px margin bottom 4px Biotechnology More about Biotechnology... div div div style float right width 29 Biotechnology title MINUTE CURRENTTIME t div br style clear both see also Outline of biotechnology This page provides an alphabetical list of articles and other pages including categories, lists, etc. about biotechnology. For other overviews of the topic, please see the Portal Biotechnology Biotechnology portal . A Agrobacterium Affymetrix Alcoholic beverages Category Alcoholic beverages Amgen AnaSpec Antibiotic Artificial selection B Biochemical engineering Biochip Biodiesel Bioengineering Biofuel Biogas Biogen Idec Bioindicator Bioinformatics Category Bioinformatics Bioleaching Biological agent Biological warfare Bioluminescence Biomimetics Bionanotechnology Bionics Biopharmacology Biophotonics Bioreactor Bioremediation Biostimulation Biosynthesis Biotechnology Category Biotechnology Category Biotechnology companies Category Biotechnology products Bt corn BioSynergy C Cancer immunotherapy Cell therapy Chimera genetics Chinese hamster Chinese Hamster Ovary cell Chiron Corp. Cloning Compost Composting Convention on Biological Diversity Chromatography D Directive on the patentability of biotechnological inventions DNA microarray Dwarfing E Enzymes Electroporation Environmental biotechnology Eugenics F fermentation food Fermentation Category Fermented foods G Gene knockout Gene therapy Genentech Genetic engineering Genetically modified food Geneti ... more details
Infobox scientist name Tullis Onstott image image size caption birth date birth place residence New Jersey , United States nationality United States American field Geology work institutions Princeton University alma mater California Institute of Technology br Princeton University known for influences influenced awards footnotes Tullis Onstott is a professor of geosciences at Princeton University who has done research into endolith ic life deep under the Earth s surface. In 2007, Onstott was listed among Time Magazine s 100 most influential people in the world. ref National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http astrobiology.nasa.gov articles nais tullis onstott makes time 100 NAI s Tullis Onstott makes Time 100 2007 05 03. ref In 2011 he co discovered Halicephalobus mephisto , a nematode worm living convert 0.9 3.6 km mi abbr on under the ground, ref name nature cite journal title Nematoda from the terrestrial deep subsurface of South Africa first J. last Borgonie coauthors Garc a Moyano, A. Litthauer, D. Bert, W. Bester, A. van Heerden, E. M ller, C. Erasmus, M. Onstott, T. C. journal Nature journal Nature pages 79 82 doi 10.1038 nature09974 issue 7349 year 2011 volume 474 pmid 21637257 ref the deepest multicellular organism known to science. Research Research projects include ref Tullis Onstott. http www.princeton.edu geosciences people onstott Princeton University Home Page Retrieved 2010 12 01. ref South African Deep Microbiology characterizing the microbiology and geochemistry of continental crust down to convert 5 km mi abbr on . Indiana Princeton Tennessee Astrobiology Institute preparing for the search for life beneath the surface of Mars . Natural Earthquake Laboratory in South African Mines installed a field laboratory at convert 3.8 km mi abbr on depth, exploring the relationship between seismic activity and microbial diversity and activity. Anaerobic biostimulation for the in situ precipitation and long term sequestration of metal sulphides. Referenc ... more details
Bioremediation is the use of microorganism metabolism to remove pollutants. Technologies can be generally classified as in situ or ex situ . In situ bioremediation involves treating the contaminated material at the site, while ex situ involves the removal of the contaminated material to be treated elsewhere. Some examples of bioremediation technologies are phytoremediation , bioventing , bioleaching , landfarming , bioreactor , composting , bioaugmentation , rhizofiltration , and biostimulation . Bioremediation can occur on its own natural attenuation or intrinsic bioremediation or can be spurred on via the addition of fertilizers to increase the bioavailability within the medium biostimulation . Recent advancements have also proven successful via the addition of matched microbe strains to the medium to enhance the resident microbe population s ability to break down contaminants. Microorganisms used to perform the function of bioremediation are known as bioremediators . ref cite web url http www.terranovabiosystems.com science remediation resources.html title Terra Nova s Environmental Remediation Resuources publisher Terranovabiosystems.com date 2009 08 31 accessdate 2011 03 22 ref Not all contaminants, however, are easily treated by bioremediation using microorganisms. For example, heavy metals such as cadmium and lead are not readily absorbed or captured by microorganisms. The assimilation of metals such as mercury element mercury into the food chain may worsen matters. Phytoremediation is useful in these circumstances because natural plants or transgenic plant s are able to bioaccumulate these toxins in their above ground parts, which are then harvested for removal. ref cite journal author Meagher, RB title Phytoremediation of toxic elemental and organic pollutants journal Current Opinion in Plant Biology volume 3 issue 2 year 2000 pages 153 162 pmid 10712958 doi 10.1016 S1369 5266 99 00054 0 ref The heavy metals in the harvested biomass may be further concentra ... more details
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