medicine alternative medicinal treatment referred to as urine therapy . The bloodureanitrogen BUN test is a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from urea. It is used ... nitrogen excretion. Urea is widely used in fertilizer s as a convenient source of nitrogen. Urea ... acetylglutamate . Urea is found dissolved in blood in the reference ranges for blood tests reference ... its role as carrier of waste nitrogen, urea also plays a role in the countercurrent exchange system ... nitrogen content in gram of urea in Mole unit mmol can be estimated by the conversion factor ... for use as a nitrogen release fertilizer. Urea has the highest nitrogen content of all solid nitrogenous ... sources of nitrogen for plant growth. Urea is also used in many multi component solid fertilizer ... process wherein nitrogen is lost to the atmosphere as ammonia gas . Urea is not compatible with other fertilizers. Because of the high nitrogen concentration in urea, it is very important ... system. The ammonia produced by the hydrolysis of the urea reacts with the nitrogen oxide ... correct ?? ImageFile Harnstoff.svg ImageSize 150px ImageFileL1 Urea 3D balls.png ImageSizeL1 120px ImageFileR1 Urea 3D vdW.png ImageSizeR1 100px ImageFile2 Sample of Urea.jpg ImageSize2 200px ... ureas OtherCpds Carbamide peroxide br Urea phosphate Urea or carbamide is an organic compound with the chemical formula carbon C oxygen O nitrogen N hydrogen H sub 2 sub sub 2 sub . The molecule has two NH sub 2 sub groups joined by a carbonyl C O functional group . Urea serves an important role in the metabolism of nitrogen containing compounds by animals and is the main nitrogen containing substance ... prevalent at one time, called vitalism . The terms urea and carbamide are also used for a class ... s, and thiocarbamide s. History Urea was first discovered in urine in 1727 by the Dutch scientist ... title Urea in the History of Organic Chemistry journal Journal of Chemical Education volume 33 pages ... more details
by causing the smooth muscle of blood vessels to relax. The reddish and poisonous nitrogen dioxide ...pp move indef Infobox nitrogenNitrogen IPAc en icon n a t r d n respell NY tr j n is a chemical ... u . Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard ... nitrogen was discovered as a separable component of air, by Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford , in 1772. Nitrogen is a common element in the universe, estimated at about seventh in total abundance ... by fusion from carbon and hydrogen in supernovas. Due to the volatility of elemental nitrogen and its common compounds with hydrogen and oxygen, nitrogen is far less common on the rocky planets ... on Earth, nitrogen and its compounds occur commonly as gases in the atmospheres of planets and moons ... , organic nitrates propellant s and explosive s , and cyanide s, contain nitrogen. The extremely strong bond in elemental nitrogen dominates nitrogen chemistry, causing difficulty for both organisms ..., explode, or decay back into nitrogen gas. Nitrogen occurs in all living organisms, primarily in amino ... by weight of nitrogen, the fourth most abundant element after oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. Nitrogen ... s, biological molecules produced as secondary metabolites by many organisms. The nitrogen ... Nitrogen is formally considered to have been discovered by Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford ... not support combustion was clear to Rutherford. Nitrogen was also studied at about the same time ... or Phlogiston theory phlogisticated air . Nitrogen gas was inert enough that Antoine Lavoisier referred ... , 52. ref In it, animals died and flames were extinguished. Lavoisier s name for nitrogen is used in many ... compounds, such as hydrazine and compounds of the azide ion. The English word nitrogen 1794 entered the language ref http www.etymonline.com index.php?term nitrogennitrogen . Etymonline.com. Retrieved ... had been found in nitric acid . Chaptal s meaning was that nitrogen gas is the essential part ... more details
Urea molasses multinutrient blocks may be used as a source of nitrogen and Food energy energy for animals. Urea is a nitrogen based compound produced in the kidney s. It is formed as a side compound during the process of producing protein . Overview Urea is not a protein but it contains nitrogen which is capable of being used by the microbial population in the rumen to produce protein. Molasses is the main by product of sugarcane refining and is a suitable source of energy. Preparing an adequate source of energy and nitrogen under grazing conditions is necessary for grazing animals. Molasses blocks are palatable for the animals and the molasses has the ability to cover undesirable avors that can be associated with some other chemicals added to the block. This gives the block the ability to contain high levels of unpalatable feedstuffs like urea. Urea is a cheap source of nitrogen, in comparison with other sources, and adding urea to the molasses blocks will reduce the cost of supplementation programs. Medicated blocks In tropical countries, inadequate nutrition and gastro intestinal nematode s are amongst the commonest problems, particularly in sheep and goats . Molasses, urea and other components are used for producing molasses urea feeds blocks, pastes or licks . These preparations are a suitable way of supplying degradable protein and fermentable energy to ruminant animals, and they help increase the protein supply to them. Furthermore, medicated feed supplement blocks have ... the use of medicated blocks on growth, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites, and control ... Blocks on Haematological and Biochemical Blood Parameters in Boer Goats. Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 6 ... blocks on growth, efficiency, carcass traits, blood metabolites and control of gastro intestinal nematode infection in grazing goats. With regard to the observed results, the use of urea molasses mineral blocks and medicated urea molasses mineral blocks is recommended. References references ... more details
Urea phosphate is an organic compound of carbon , hydrogen , nitrogen , oxygen and phosphorus . Its formula is CO NH sub 2 sub sub 2 sub .H sub 3 sub PO sub 4 sub . It is made by reacting urea with phosphoric acid . It is sometimes used as a fertilizer as such, its NPK formula is 17 44 0. It is soluble in water, and produces a strongly acidic solution. Urea phosphate is sometimes added to blends which contain calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate to produce water soluble formulas such as 15 5 15, 13 2 20, and 13 2 13. The acidity of urea phosphate allows calcium Ca , magnesium Mg and phosphorus P to co exist in solution. Under less acidic conditions, there would be precipitation of Ca Mg phosphate s. Urea phosphate is often used in Drip irrigation to clean the pipe system. External links Category Nitrogen compounds Category Phosphates Category Ureas Organic compound stub zh ... more details
Infobox protein family Symbol UT Name UT image width caption crystal structure of the urea transporter from desulfovibrio vulgaris bound to 1,3 dimethylurea Pfam PF03253 Pfam clan InterPro IPR004937 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP TCDB 1.A.28 OPM family 13 OPM protein 3k3f CAZy CDD An urea transporter is a membrane transport protein , transporting urea . Humans and other mammals have two types of urea transport proteins, UT A and UT B. The UT A proteins are important for renal urea handling and are produced by alternative splicing of the SLC14A2 gene. ref Cite pmid 18256317 ref Urea transport in the kidney is regulated by vasopressin . ref Cite pmid 21686211 ref The structure of a urea transport family protein from Desulfovibrio vulgaris was determined by x ray crystallography . ref Cite pmid 19865084 ..., accounting for the ability of urea transport proteins to move up to one million urea molecules per second across the membrane. Types In mammals, there are two urea transporter gene s UT A SLC14A2 ... UT A1 Urea transporter 1 redirects here Urea transporter A1 transports urea across the apical membrane ... filtered load of urea. ref name Robert A. Fenton and Mark A. Knepper cite journal author Fenton RA, Knepper MA title Urea and renal function in the 21st century insights from knockout mice ... 10.1681 ASN.2006101108 ref UT A2 Urea transporter 2 redirects here Urea Transporter 2 transports urea ... of the kidneys . ref name Robert A. Fenton and Mark A. Knepper UT A3 Urea transporter 3 redirects here Urea transporter 3 transports urea into the interstitium of the Inner Medullary Collecting Duct. ref name nature cite journal title Urea transporter UT A journal Nature molecule page year 2005 doi 10.1038 mp.a002589.01 author Fenton RA volume 18 pages 679 ref UT A4 Urea transporter 4 redirects here Urea transporter 4 has been detected in rat but not mouse kidney medulla. ref name nature UT A5 Urea ... Cite pmid 19926813 ref and at the blood brain barrier . ref Cite pmid 19179540 ref The SLC14A1 ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 401985436 ImageFile Diazolidinyl urea correct formula.png ImageFile Diazolidinyl urea erroneous formula.png ImageSize IUPACName Correct new structure 1,3 bis hydroxymethyl 1 1,3,4 tris hydroxymethyl 2,5 dioxoimidazolidin 4 yl urea br Erroneous old structure 1 1,3 bis hydroxymethyl 2,5 dioxoimidazolidin 4 yl 1,3 bis hydroxymethyl urea OtherNames Diazolidinylurea br Germall II Section1 ... 352 333 313 321 363 501 Section8 Chembox Related OtherCpds Imidazolidinyl urea Diazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics . It is chemically related to imidazolidinyl urea which is used in the same way. Diazolidinyl urea acts as a formaldehyde releaser . It is used in many ... bubble baths, baby wipes and household detergents. Diazolidinyl urea is found in the commercially available preservative Germaben . Commercial diazolidinyl urea is a mixture of different formaldehyde ... last5 Kreilgaard year 2006 title Characterization and chemistry of imidazolidinyl urea and diazolidinyl urea journal Cont. Dermat. volume 54 issue 1 pages 50 58 doi 10.1111 j.0105 1873.2006.00735.x pmid 16426294 postscript None . ref Chemistry Synthesis Diazolidinyl urea is produced by the chemical ... Image Allantoin chemical structure.png 150px Allantoin 4 H sub 2 sub C O Image Diazolidinyl urea correct formula.png 200px Diazolidinyl urea Structure Diazolidinyl urea was poorly characterized until ... that the hydroxymethyl functional group of the imidazolidine ring is attached to the carbon , not the nitrogen atom ref name structure align center valign middle Image Diazolidinyl urea correct formula.png 200px Diazolidinyl urea correct new structure Image Diazolidinyl urea erroneous formula.png 200px Diazolidinyl urea erroneous old structure align center Hoeck structure previous structure Safety Some people have a contact allergy to imidazolidinyl urea causing dermatitis . ref name NIEHS http ... data NTP NIEHS ref Such people are often also allergic to diazolidinyl urea. References reflist ... more details
enzyme Name urea carboxylase EC number 6.3.4.6 CAS number 9058 98 4 IUBMB EC number 6 3 4 6 GO code 0004847 image width caption In enzymology , an urea carboxylase EC number 6.3.4.6 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP urea HCO sub 3 sub math rightleftharpoons math ADP phosphate urea 1 carboxylate The 3 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP , urea , and HCO3 , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP , phosphate , and urea 1 carboxylate allophanate . This enzyme belongs to the family of ligase s, specifically those forming generic carbon nitrogen bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is urea carbon dioxide ligase ADP forming . Other names in common use include urease ATP hydrolysing , urea carboxylase hydrolysing , ATP urea amidolyase , urea amidolyase , UALase , and UCA . This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups . It employs one cofactor biochemistry cofactor , biotin . See also Allophanate hydrolase References reflist 1 cite journal author Roon RJ and Levenberg B date 1970 title ATP Urea amidolyase ADP Candida utilis journal Methods Enzymol. volume 17A pages 317&ndash 324 cite journal author Roon RJ, Levenberg B date 1972 title Urea amidolyase. I. Properties of the enzyme from Candida utilis journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 247 pages 4107&ndash 13 pmid 4556303 issue 13 cite journal author Sumrada RA, Cooper TG date 1982 title Urea carboxylase and allophanate hydrolase are components of a multifunctional protein in yeast journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 257 pages 9119&ndash 27 pmid 6124544 issue 15 cite journal author Kanamori T, Kanou N, Atomi H, Imanaka T date 2004 title Enzymatic characterization of a prokaryotic urea carboxylase journal J. Bacteriol. volume 186 pages 2532&ndash 9 pmid 15090492 doi 10.1128 JB.186.9.2532 2539.2004 issue 9 pmc 387783 ligase stub Category EC 6.3.4 Category Biotin enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 443869604 ImageFile Imidazolidinyl urea correct formula.png ImageFile1 Imidazolidinyl urea erroneous formula.png ImageSize IUPACName small u Correct u new structure upper pic. br ... urea br u Erroneous u old structure lower pic. br 1,1 methylenebis 3 span style color red 3 span hydroxymethyl 2,5 dioxoimidazolidin 4 yl urea small Citation needed date February 2010 OtherNames Imidurea ... 4 yl urea Note Other forms of numbering of this exist, but are mostly more differing from IUPAC ... of urea, and http www.acdlabs.com iupac nomenclature 93 r93 171.htm for numbering of the complete ... 4 yl carbamoylamino methyl urea Source http pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov summary summary.cgi?cid ... Autoignition Refimprove date February 2010 Imidazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics Citation needed date February 2010 . It is chemically related to diazolidinyl urea which is used in the same way. Imidazolidinyl urea acts as a formaldehyde releaser . Safety Some people have a contact allergy to imidazolidinyl urea causing dermatitis . ref name NIEHS http ntp.niehs.nih.gov ... ref Such people are often also allergic to diazolidinyl urea . Chemistry Imidazolidinyl urea was poorly ... to the carbon , not the nitrogen atom ref name structure cite journal author Lehmann SV, Hoeck ... urea and diazolidinyl urea journal Contact Dermatitis volume 54 issue 1 pages 50 58 location ... j.0105 1873.2006.00735.x ref align center valign middle Image Imidazolidinyl urea correct formula.png 200px Imidazolidinyl urea correct new structure Image Imidazolidinyl urea erroneous formula.png 200px Imidazolidinyl urea erroneous old structure align center Correct new structure Erroneous old structure Synthesis Imidazolidinyl urea is produced by the chemical reaction of allantoin and formaldehyde ... 150px Allantoin 3 H sub 2 sub C O Image Imidazolidinyl urea correct formula.png 200px Imidazolidinyl urea Commercial imidazolidinyl urea is a mixture of different formaldehyde addition products ... more details
Nitrogen balance is the measure of nitrogen output subtracted from nitrogen input. ref name urlDefinition nitrogen balance from Online Medical Dictionary cite web url http cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk cgi bin omd?nitrogen balance title Definition nitrogen balance from Online Medical Dictionary format work accessdate ref Bloodureanitrogen can be used in estimating nitrogen balance, as can the urea concentration in urine. A positive value is often found during periods of growth, tissue repair or pregnancy. This means that the intake of nitrogen into the body is greater than the loss of nitrogen from the body, so there is an increase in the total body pool of protein. A negative value can be associated with burns, fevers, wasting diseases and other serious injuries and during periods of fasting. This means that the amount of nitrogen excreted from the body is greater than the amount of nitrogen ingested. ref name urlVII. Monitoring Nutrition Therapy cite web url http healthlinks.washington.edu nutrition section7.html title VII. Monitoring Nutrition Therapy format work accessdate ref It can be used in the evaluation of malnutrition. ref name pmid18403920 cite journal author Barbosa Silva MC title Subjective and objective nutritional assessment methods what do they really assess? journal Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care volume 11 issue 3 pages 248 54 year 2008 month May pmid 18403920 doi 10.1097 MCO.0b013e3282fba5d7 url http meta.wkhealth.com pt pt core template journal lwwgateway media landingpage.htm?an 00075197 200805000 00010 ref See also Biological value Net protein utilization Protein efficiency ratio Protein digestibility Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score References reflist Category Nitrogen bg de Stickstoffbilanz ... more details
The urea cycle also known as the ornithine cycle is a cycle of biochemistry biochemical reactions occurring in many animals that produces ureanitrogen N hydrogen H sub 2 sub sub 2 sub carbon C oxygen ... product urea at the cost of four high energy phosphate bonds 3 ATP hydrolyzed to 2 ADP and one AMP . Ornithine is the carrier of these carbon and nitrogen atoms. class wikitable Reactions of the urea ... s, and so will be recycled to aspartate , maintained the flow of nitrogen into the urea cycle ... Category Nitrogen metabolism ar bg ca Cicle de la urea cs Mo ovinov ... Krebs and Kurt Henseleit, 1932 , five years before the discovery of the TCA cycle . In mammals , the urea ..., like urea or uric acid , which are much less toxic. Insufficiency of the urea cycle occurs ... to hepatic encephalopathy . Reactions The urea cycle consists of five reactions two mitochondria l ... Argininosuccinate lyase ASL cytosol 5 Arginine Arg H sub 2 sub O ornithine urea Arginase 1 ARG1 cytosol blockquote The reactions of the urea cycle Image Urea cycle.svg thumb 480px left 1 small L small ... br 6 small L small arginine br 7 urea br small L small Asp small L small aspartate br CPS 1 carbamoyl ... sub 2 sub water H sub 2 sub O . Thus, the overall equation of the urea cycle is ammonia NH sub 3 sub carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub aspartate 3 Adenosine triphosphate ATP 2 water H sub 2 sub O urea fumarate ... ammonia NH sub 3 sub carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub 3 Adenosine triphosphate ATP water H sub 2 sub O urea ... related to the urea cycle also cause the production of 2 NADH , so the urea cycle releases slightly ... bond for the urea cycle. However, if gluconeogenesis is underway in the cytosol, the latter reducing ..., which is a substrate to glucose. An excellent way to memorize the Urea Cycle is to remember ..., Carbamoyl phosphate, Citrulline, Aspartate, Argininosuccinate, Fumarate, Arginine, Urea . Regulation N Acetylglutamic acid The synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate and the urea cycle are dependent on the presence ... more details
strength, molding electrical devices, molding jar caps, etc. Agricultural use Urea formaldehyde is also used in agriculture as a controlled release source of nitrogen fertilizer. Urea formaldehyde s rate ...Image UreaFormaldehydeResin01.png right Urea formaldehyde , also known as urea methanal , named so for its ... non transparent thermosetting resin or plastic , made from urea and formaldehyde heated in the presence ..., Medium density fibreboard MDF , and molded objects. Properties Urea formaldehyde resin s attributes ... properties. Production There is approximately 1 million metric tons of urea formaldehyde produced ... 5 , and laminating adhesive 7 . General uses File A selection of urea formaldehyde objects at the science museum.JPG thumb right A range of objects made from urea formaldehyde Urea Formaldehyde is everywhere ... , corduroy , etc. It is also used to glue wood together. Urea formaldehyde was commonly used when ... resin due to its high reactivity, good performance, and low price. Urea formaldehyde resin is a chemical combination of urea and formaldehyde. Amino resins are considered a class of thermosetting resins of which urea formaldehyde resins make up 80 produced globally. Examples of amino resins include ... in most soils. The activity of these microbes, and, therefore, the rate of nitrogen release, is temperature ... C . Urea formaldehyde foam insulation Urea formaldehyde foam insulation UFFI can make a great synthetic .... Safety concerns Urea formaldehyde foam insulation UFFI started being used in the 1970s. Homeowners ... a toxic toll on humans. Consequently, its use was discontinued. The urea formaldehyde emissions decline ... effects Health effects of Urea Formaldehyde are put into effect when the elevated level is reached. Urea formaldehyde releases formaldehyde emissions into the air. This triggers watery eyes, nose ... MDF Safety aspects References Reflist http www.plastiquarian.com uf.htm Urea formaldehyde Plastics Historical Society http www.cmhc schl.gc.ca en co maho yohoyohe inaiqu inaiqu 008.cfm Urea Formaldehyde ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 426796341 ImageFile Urea nitrate.png ImageName Structural formulae of the ions in urea nitrate ImageFile1 Urea nitrate 3D balls.png ImageSize1 220px ImageName1 Ball and stick models of the ions in urea nitrate IUPACName OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo PubChem SMILES Section2 Chembox Properties Formula CH sub 5 sub N sub 3 sub O sub 4 sub MolarMass 123.068 g mol Appearance Density 1.59 g cc MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Urea nitrate is a fertilizer based high explosive that has been used in improvised explosive device s in Israel , Iraq , and various other terrorism acts elsewhere in the world, like the 1993 World Trade Center bombings . ref name wired cite web url http blog.wired.com wiredscience 2007 09 spray on test f.html title Chem Lab Spray On Test for Improvised Explosives author Aaron Rowe publisher Wired ref It has a destructive power similar to better known ammonium nitrate explosives, with a velocity of detonation between convert 11155 ft s m s abbr on and convert 15420 ft s m s abbr on . ref name globalsecurity cite web url http www.globalsecurity.org military systems munitions explosives anfo.htm title Explosives ANFO Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil publisher GlobalSecurity.org ref Urea nitrate is produced in one step by reaction of urea with nitric acid . This is an exothermic reaction, so steps must be taken to control the temperature. Urea nitrate explosions may be initiated using a blasting cap. ref name globalsecurity Chemistry Urea contains a Carbonyl carbonyl group . The more electronegative oxygen atom pulls electrons away from the carbon forming a greater electron ... urea nitrate. As an ionic compound urea nitrate is highly soluble in water. NH sub 2 sub sub 2 ... Y, Abramovich Bar S, Wolf E, Tamiri T title Recovery and detection of urea nitrate in traces ... 10.1111 j.1556 4029.2007.00551.x url cite journal author Mr.X title Improvised Urea Nitrate journal ... more details
Image Nitrogen Cycle.svg thumb 320px Schematic representation of the flow of nitrogen through the environment ..., providing different forms of nitrogen compounds assimilable by higher organisms. The nitrogen cycle is the process by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms. This transformation ... in the nitrogen cycle include nitrogen fixation fixation , mineralization biology mineralization , nitrification , and denitrification . The majority of Earth s atmosphere approximately 78 is nitrogen ... books?id aM4W9e5nmsoC&pg PA93 ref making it the largest pool of nitrogen. However, atmospheric nitrogen has limited availability for biological use, leading to a scarcity of usable nitrogen in many types of ecosystems. The nitrogen cycle is of particular interest to ecologists because nitrogen ... . Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, use of artificial nitrogen fertilizers, and release of nitrogen in wastewater have dramatically Human impact on the nitrogen cycle altered the global nitrogen cycle . please see the linked article for references to support this claim A 2011 study found that nitrogen from rocks may also be a significant source of nitrogen, that had not previously ... scientists to rethink nitrogen title Nitrogen Study Could Rock A Plant s World date 2011 09 06 accessdate ... function Nitrogen is essential for many processes it is crucial for any life on Earth. It is a component ... nucleic acids , such as DNA and RNA . In plants , much of the nitrogen is used in chlorophyll molecules ... Earth s atmosphere is an abundant source of nitrogen, most is relatively unusable by plants. ref Nitrogen The Essential Element. Nancy M. Trumann and Keith S. Porter. Center for Environmental Research, Cornell Cooperative Extension ref Chemical processing, or natural nitrogen fixation fixation through processes such as bacterial conversion see rhizome , are necessary to convert gaseous nitrogen into forms usable by living organisms, which makes nitrogen a crucial component of food production ... more details
Reactive nitrogen is a term used for a variety of nitrogen gases that are highly reactive, such as NOx nitrogen oxides NO sub x sub , ammonia NH sub 3 sub , nitrous oxide N sub 2 sub O , nitrate NO sub 3 sub sup sup , urea , and organic N compounds. These gases are produced by agricultural activities, such as manure spreading, and energy production , such as combustion of fossil fuels . Reactive nitrogen can cause serious air pollution problems. Environmental effects Nitrate NO sub 3 sub sup sup in drinking water is harmful to human health, as are excessive concentrations of nitrogen dioxide NO sub 2 sub , ozone O sub 3 sub , in the formation of which oxides of nitrogen NO sub x sub are heavily implicated and fine particulate matter ammonia NH sub 3 sub and NO sub x sub are important precursors of secondary aerosols . Nitrous oxide N sub 2 sub O and O3 contribute to the greenhouse effect and natural ecosystems are stressed by excessive acid and nitrogen NH sub 3 sub en NO sub x sub Deposition aerosol physics deposition and excessive concentrations of NO sub 3 sub sup sup , NO sub 2 sub , NH sub 3 sub and O sub 3 sub , leading to a loss of biodiversity . ref http international.vrom.nl pagina.html?id 37594 ref The nitrogen compounds involved are reactive, and can be transformed into one another. A given N containing molecule can in fact contribute successively to different environmental problems, this is referred to as the cascade effect . Reactive forms of nitrogen are also often readily soluble in water and or occur in the gas phase, making them very mobile. As a consequence, an excess of Nr can have an impact on the environment relatively quickly. This also means that nitrogen ... t yLQfgTrI4C&pg PA444 title Nitrogen in the environment sources, problems, and management publisher ... url http books.google.com ?id MfaZPURYelgC title Reactive nitrogen in the environment too much ..., Woods Hole Research Center Woods author6 , Mass author7 Initiative, International Nitrogen year ... more details
saved book title Nitrogen subtitle An overview cover image Nitrogen glow.jpg cover color Nitrogen An overview Overview Nitrogen Isotopes Isotopes of nitrogen Miscellany Nitrogen cycle Human impact on the nitrogen cycle Liquid nitrogenNitrogen fixation Category Wikipedia books on chemical elements Category Nitrogen Wikipedia books on elements ... more details
of inorganic and organic sources of combined nitrogen, like nitrate , nitrite , ammonium , urea ...Nitrogen fixation is a process, biological, abiotic, or synthetic by which nitrogen N sub 2 sub in the Earth ... author Postgate, J year 1998 title Nitrogen Fixation, 3rd Edition publisher Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK ref Atmospheric nitrogen or elemental nitrogen N sub 2 sub is relatively inert it does not easily react with other chemicals to form new compounds. Fixation processes free up the nitrogen atoms from their diatomic form N sub 2 sub to be used in other ways. Nitrogen fixation, natural and synthetic, is essential for all forms of life because nitrogen is required to biosynthesis biosynthesize ... and RNA and amino acid s for protein s. Therefore nitrogen fixation is essential for agriculture and the manufacture ... gunpowder, dynamite, TNT, etc. Nitrogen fixation occurs naturally in the air by means of lightning ... date April 2012 Nitrogen fixation also refers to other biological conversions of nitrogen, such as its conversion to nitrogen dioxide . Microorganisms that fix nitrogen are bacteria called diazotroph ... with diazotrophs. Biological nitrogen fixation was discovered by the German agronomist Hermann Hellriegel and Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck . Biological nitrogen fixation linked from Biological nitrogen fixation File Nitrogen Cycle.jpg thumb 320px right Schematic representation of the nitrogen cycle . Abiotic nitrogen fixation has been omitted. Biological nitrogen fixation BNF occurs when atmospheric nitrogen is converted to ammonia by an enzyme called nitrogenase . ref name postgate ... cease production of the enzyme in the presence of oxygen. ref name postgate Many nitrogen fixing ... with a protein such as Leghemoglobin . ref name postgate Microorganisms that fix nitrogen diazotrophs Cyanobacteria Green sulfur bacteria Azotobacteraceae Rhizobia Frankia Nitrogen fixation ... positive soil bacteria induce the formation of nitrogen fixing nodules in actinorhizal plant s. ref ... more details
File Liquidnitrogen.jpg thumb Liquid nitrogen File Nitrogen.ogg thumb Air balloon submerged into liquid nitrogen Image Nitrogen ice cream 0020.jpg thumb MIT students preparing homemade ice cream with liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen is nitrogen in a liquid state at an extremely low temperature. It is produced industrially by fractional distillation of liquid air . Liquid nitrogen is a colourless clear ... ltr2 access.php?file pdf dielectric constants.pdf ref Liquid nitrogen is often referred to by the abbreviation ... nitrogen boils at Convert 196 C K F 0 link on and is a cryogenics cryogenic fluid which can ... Thermal insulation insulated from ambient heat , liquid nitrogen can be stored and transported, for example ... of the liquid, resulting in the evolution of nitrogen gas. Depending on the size and design, the holding time of vacuum flasks ranges from a few hours to a few weeks. Liquid nitrogen can easily be converted ... nitrogen freezes at convert 63 K C F 0 . Despite its reputation, liquid nitrogen s efficiency as a coolant ... the object in insulating nitrogen gas. This effect, known as the Leidenfrost effect , applies to any ... may be obtained by plunging an object into a slush of liquid and solid nitrogen than into liquid nitrogen alone. Nitrogen was first liquefied at the Jagiellonian University on 15 April 1883 by Polish ... ref Uses Liquid nitrogen is a compact and readily transported source of nitrogen gas without pressurization ... as a backup nitrogen source in hypoxic air fire prevention system hypoxic air fire prevention systems as a source of very dry nitrogen gas for the immersion freezing and transportation of food products for the cryopreservation of blood , reproductive cells sperm and Ovum egg , and other biology ... ultra smooth ice cream. ref http www.101cookbooks.com archives 001366.html Liquid Nitrogen Ice Cream Recipe , March 7, 2006 ref Safety File Liquid Nitrogen Tank.JPG thumb Filling a liquid nitrogen Dewar flask Dewar from a storage tank Since the liquid to gas expansion ratio of nitrogen ... more details
Chembox Related OtherAnions Nitrogen trifluoride br Nitrogen tribromide br Nitrogen triiodide OtherCations ... br Dichloramine OtherCpds Nitrosyl chloride Nitrogen trichloride , also known as trichloramine , is the chemical ... for nitrogen 3.04 and chlorine 3.16 . Nitrogen trichloride can form in small amounts when public water supplies are disinfected with monochloramine , and between disinfecting chlorine and urea in urine from bathers . Nitrogen trichloride, trademarked as Agene , was used to artificially bleach and age flour . Reactions NCl sub 3 sub is a highly reactive compound. The nitrogen in NCl sub 3 sub ... 3 HOCl Safety Nitrogen trichloride can irritate mucous membranes it is Lachrymatory agent tear gas .... title Recent Chemistry and Structure Investigation of Nitrogen Triiodide, Tribromide, Trichloride, and Related ... and Dipole Moment of Nitrogen Trichloride from Microwave Spectroscopy journal Journal of Molecular ... zaac.19693660308 External links http www.osha.gov dts chemicalsampling data CH 257450.html OSHA Nitrogen trichloride DEFAULTSORT Nitrogen Trichloride Category Inorganic amines Category Chlorides Category Nitrogen halides Category Inorganic chlorine compounds cs Chlorid dusit de Stickstofftrichlorid ... de azot ru simple Nitrogen trichloride sv Kv vetriklorid zh ... more details
For the method of slaughtering farm animals Controlled Atmosphere Killing capital punishment Nitrogen ... advocated in a National Review article, Killing with kindness capital punishment by nitrogen asphyxiation .... When humans breathe in pure nitrogen , they exhale carbon dioxide without resupplying oxygen. Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas that constitutes approximately 78 percent of the Earth ... without the painful and traumatic feeling of suffocation. Because of this property, nitrogen ... For this reason, accidental nitrogen asphyxiation is a possible hazard where large quantities of nitrogen are used. Also, deliberate nitrogen asphyxiation is viewed by some as a more humane way to end a human life in a controlled setting. As the principal component in air, nitrogen poses no significant risk upon discharge. Nitrogen asphyxiation of animals in euthanasia Hypoxic atmospheres have ... humans have been suffocated in nitrogen without any warning, the suggestion was made in 1995 that hypoxic ... by nitrogen asphyxia tion was discussed briefly in print in 1995 Creque , it is not used by any ... unsatisfactory his conclusion was that nitrogen asphyxiation would be the best method. Accidental deaths Accidental nitrogen asphyxiation causes about 8 deaths per year in the United States, ref http web.archive.org web 20080229051600 http www.csb.gov safety publications docs SB Nitrogen 6 11 03.pdf HAZARDS OF NITROGEN ASPHYXIATION , Safety Bulletin No. 2003 10 B June 2003, U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board. archived from http www.csb.gov safety publications docs SB Nitrogen 6 ... which was pressurized with pure nitrogen as a precaution against fire. ref http www.time.com time magazine ... assistant died in Scotland in 1999, apparently from asphyxiation, after liquid nitrogen spilled in a basement ... pH , in the blood . With each breath, a volume of about 0.6 liters is exchanged from an active lung ... atmosphere is about 78 nitrogen , 21 oxygen , and 1 argon , carbon dioxide, and other gases. After ... more details
Infobox disease Name Urea cycle disorder Image Ammonia 2D dimensions.png Caption ammonia DiseasesDB ICD10 ... An urea cycle disorder or urea cycle defect is a genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of one of the enzyme s in the urea cycle which is responsible for removing ammonia from the blood stream. The urea cycle involves a series of biochemical steps in which nitrogen , a waste product of protein metabolism , is removed from the blood and converted to urea. Normally, the urea is transferred into the urine and removed from the body. In urea cycle disorders, the nitrogen accumulates in the form of ammonia , a highly toxic substance, and is not removed from the body. Urea cycle disorders are included ... among newborns and infant s. Because many cases of urea cycle disorders remain undiagnosed and or infants ... cases may be attributed to an undiagnosed inborn error of metabolism such as urea cycle disorder citation needed date December 2011 . In April 2000, research experts at the Urea Cycle Consensus Conference ... urea cycle disorders typically show symptoms after the first 24 hours of life. The baby may be irritable ... are caused by rising ammonia levels in the blood. Acute neonatal symptoms are most frequently ... Children with mild or moderate urea cycle enzyme deficiencies may not show symptoms until early ... and eating problems. Childhood episodes of hyperammonemia high ammonia levels in the blood may be brought .... Adulthood Recently, the number of adult individuals being diagnosed with urea cycle disorders ... an anti epileptic drug . The six urea cycle disorders There are six disorders of the urea cycle .... This urea cycle disorder is acquired in one of three ways as an X linked trait from the mother ... to have been unknown carriers of the disorder. Treatment The treatment of urea cycle disorders ... pathways for the removal of ammonia from the blood. These medications are usually given by way of tube ... acid formulas developed specifically for urea cycle disorders, multiple vitamin s and calcium supplements ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 449910966 Name Nitrogen trifluoride ImageFile Nitrogen trifluoride 2D dimensions.png ImageSize ImageName Nitrogen trifluoride ImageFile1 Nitrogen trifluoride 3D vdW.png ImageSize1 ImageName1 Nitrogen trifluoride IUPACName Nitrogen trifluoride OtherNames Nitrogen fluoride br Trifluoramine ... of nitrogen trifluoride , J. Phys. Chem. 1967,71 2 , pp 359 360, doi 10.1021 j100861a022 ref Section7 Chembox Hazards ExternalMSDS http mfc.engr.arizona.edu safety MSDS 20FOLDER Nitrogen 20Trifluoride.pdf AirLiquide EUIndex Not listed NFPA H 1 NFPA F 0 NFPA R 0 NFPA O OX FlashPt Non flammable Nitrogen trifluoride is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula formula NF sub 3 sub . This nitrogen ... in microelectronics . Applications Nitrogen trifluoride is used in the plasma etching of silicon wafers. Today nitrogen trifluoride is predominantly employed in the cleaning of the PECVD ... nitride and silicon oxide . Nitrogen trifluoride can be used as well with tungsten silicide , and tungsten ... chemistry environmentally friendly replacement for nitrogen trifluoride in the manufacture ... ref Nitrogen trifluoride is also used in hydrogen fluoride laser hydrogen fluoride and deuterium fluoride ... , as well as several plastics. Synthesis and reactivity Nitrogen trifluoride is a rare example ... Ruff prepared nitrogen trifluoride by the electrolysis of a molten mixture of ammonium fluoride and hydrogen ... nitrogen trihalides nitrogen trichloride , nitrogen tribromide and nitrogen triiodide , all of which are explosive. Alone among the nitrogen trihalides it has a negative enthalpy of formation. Today .... ref name Kirk Philip B. Henderson, Andrew J. Woytek Fluorine Compounds, Inorganic, Nitrogen in Kirk ... and highly polar 1.47 D . ref Thomas M. Klap tke Nitrogen fluorine compounds Journal of Fluorine Chemistry ... pair electrons on the nitrogen atom. NF sub 3 sub is a potent yet sluggish oxidizer. It oxidizes hydrogen ... and global warming potential of nitrogen trifluoride journal Geophysical Research Letters Geophys ... more details
Nitrogen acid may refer to any of the following Nitric acid , HNO sub 3 sub Nitrous acid , HNO sub 2 sub disambig simple Nitrogen acid ... more details
Natural Nitrogen N consists of two stable isotopes, nitrogen 14 , which makes up the vast majority of naturally occurring nitrogen, and nitrogen 15 . Fourteen radioactive isotopes radioisotope s have also ... N. All of these radioisotopes are short lived, with the longest lived one being nitrogen 13 with a half ... . The shortest lived known isotope is nitrogen 10, with a half life of about 2.3 microsecond s. The standard atomic mass of nitrogen is 14.0067 atomic mass units. Natural isotopes Nitrogen 14 Nitrogen 14 is one of two stable isotope stable non radioactive isotope s of the chemical element nitrogen , which makes up about 99.636 of natural nitrogen. Nitrogen 14 is one of the very few isotope Odd ... of nitrogen 14 and nitrogen 15 in the Universe is believed to be stellar nucleosynthesis , where they are produced as part of the carbon nitrogen oxygen cycle . Nitrogen 14 is the source of naturally occurring carbon 14 . Some kinds of cosmic radiation causes a nuclear reaction with nitrogen 14 in the upper atmosphere of the Earth, creating the carbon 14. This radioisotope decays back to nitrogen 14 after a half life of several thousand years. Nitrogen 15 Nitrogen 15 is a rare stable isotope of nitrogen . This isotope is often used in agriculture agricultural and medicine medical research ... 328 334. ref Nitrogen 15 is extensively used to trace mineral nitrogen compounds particularly fertilizers .... Sims, and R. L. Mulvaney. 2005. Availability of urea to autotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria as related to the fate of 14C and 15N labeled urea added to soil. Biol. Fert. Soil. 42 137 145. ref ref Bichat, F., G.K. Sims, and R.L. Mulvaney. 1999. Microbial utilization of heterocyclic nitrogen from atrazine. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 63 100 110. ref Nitrogen 15 is frequently used in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy NMR , because unlike the more abundant nitrogen 14, that has a n integer atomic ... labelled by cultivating them in a medium containing nitrogen 15 as the only source of nitrogen. In addition ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Nitrogen assimilation is a fundamental biological process that occurs in plant s and algae that are incapable of independent nitrogen fixation . The assimilation of nitrogen has marked effects on plant productivity, biomass, and crop yield, and nitrogen deficiency leads to a decrease in structural components. Initial conversion of nitrate to nitrite by nitrate reductase is followed by a reduction to ammonia by nitrite reductase also called nitrite oxidoreductase . The ammonia is incorporated into glutamine as an amido nitrogen and is reductively transferred to 2 oxoglutarate to form 2 molecule s of glutamate by glutamate synthase. The general steps of assimilation have been known for several years, however, the chemical mechanisms that occur in these processes remain poorly understood in large part due to the lack of detailed structural information concerning the enzyme s that catalyze these reactions. See also Nitrogenomics DEFAULTSORT Nitrogen Assimilation Category Nitrogen metabolism Category Metabolism Category Plant physiology ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
