File Bonded leather.jpg thumb An array of bondedleather swatches, in various colors and patterns. Bonded ... leather. ref Evans, Gary. Thomas, Larry. http www.furnituretoday.com article 542500 Bondedleather making inroads in upholstery.php?nid 2373&mid 227202156 BondedLeather Making Inroads in Upholstery. Furniture Today . Aug. 29, 2011. Retrieved 2011 8 29. ref Bondedleather can be found in furniture ... with different varieties of bondedleather are books, diaries, art books, desk accessories, bags, belts, chairs, and Couch sofas . There are different types of bondedleather, but the type being used ... material. The actual leather content of bondedleather varies depending on the manufacturer and the quality ... the term bondedleather to describe a vinyl upholstery product. Nick Cory of the Leather Research Laboratory said that calling this product bondedleather is deceptive because it does not represent ... http www.furnituretoday.com article 41918 For consumers sake let s not call it bondedleather .php For consumers sake, let s not call it bondedleather , Furniture Today , July 8, 2007 ref Other types of bondedleather include fragile paper backed bondedleather constructions used to cover books and desk accessories. These bonded leathers may contain a smaller proportion of leather and have some ... trade to stop further confusion about bondedleather. The minimum amount of 50 in weight of dry leather is needed to use the term bondedleather . The Federal Trade Commission, Washington ... material consisting of 60 shredded leather fibers may be described as BondedLeather Containing ... Claimed advantages of bondedleather include Environmentally friendly made from recycled leather fibre ... Naugahyde External links http www.furnituretoday.com article CA6531441.html Bondedleather making ... s sake, let s not call it bondedleather Furniture Today , July 2007 http www.fibretechleathers.com ... Bondedleather manufacturer leather DEFAULTSORT BondedLeather Category Leathermaking Category Leather ... more details
leather material. Depending on jurisdiction, they may still be labeled as Genuine LeatherBonded ... tanneries or leather workshops bonded together with latex binders to create a look and feel similar to that of leather at a fraction of the cost. This bondedleather is not as durable as other leathers and is recommended for use only if the product will be used infrequently. Bondedleather upholstery ... is stamped to give it a leather like texture. Bondedleather upholstery is durable and its manufacturing ... construction material BondedLeather , man made material composed of leather fibers Chamois ...Other uses File leathertools.jpg thumb Modern leather working tools Leather is a durable and flexible ... to heavy industry . Forms Several tanning processes transform hides and skins into leather Vegetable tanned leather is tanning tanned using tannin and other ingredients found in vegetable matter ... form of leather suitable for use in leather carving or stamping. Vegetable tanned leather is not stable ... rigid and eventually brittle. Boiled leather is an example of this, where the leather has been hardened ... tanned leather , invented in 1858, is tanned using chromium sulfate and other salts of chromium . It is more supple and pliable than vegetable tanned leather and does not discolor or lose shape as drastically .... More esoteric colors are possible using chrome tanning. Aldehyde tanned leather is tanned using glutaraldehyde or oxazolidine compounds. This is the leather that most tanners refer to as wet white leather due to its pale cream or white color. It is the main type of chrome free leather, often .... They are known for their exceptional softness and their ability to be washed. Chamois leather ... leather. Chamois leather is made by using oils traditionally cod oil that oxidize easily to produce the aldehydes that tan the leather to make the fabric the color it is. Rose tanned leather is a variation ... oil and emulsified oils. It has been called the most valuable leather on earth but this is mostly due ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Bonded by Blood Type studio Artist Exodus band Exodus Cover ExodusBondedbyblood.jpg Released April 25, 1985 ref http www.metal archives.com albums Exodus Bonded by Blood 728 Bonded by Blood at Encyclopaedia Metallum ref Recorded July 1984 br Prairie Sun Studios Genre Thrash metal Length 40 49 br 48 37 small Re release small Label Torrid Combat Records Combat Producer Mark Whitaker Last album This album Bonded by Blood br 1985 Next album Pleasures of the Flesh br 1987 Misc Extra album cover Upper caption Alternative cover Type studio Cover Exodus Bonded By blood3.jpg Lower caption Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1score Rating 4 5 ref name allmusic Allmusic class album id r6982 pure url yes Allmusic review ref Automatically generated by DASHBot For other uses of the phrase, see Bonded by Blood disambiguation Bonded by Blood is the debut album by the bay area thrash metal San Francisco thrash metal band Exodus band Exodus . Although the album was completed in the summer of 1984, it was not released until 1985 due to issues with Exodus and its record label. It is considered one of the most influential thrash metal albums of all time, ref name allmusic utilizing the solo trade off method which will later become a staple of many thrash and death metal songs. It is also the only full length studio album of Exodus to feature Paul Baloff ... pp 25&start 1 Songs by Exodus at Ascap ref Bonded by Blood 3 43 Exodus 4 05 And then there were ... DEFAULTSORT Bonded By Blood Category Exodus albums Category 1985 debut albums Category English language albums Category Combat Records albums thrash metal album stub 1980s metal album stub da Bonded by Blood de Bonded by Blood Album es Bonded by Blood fr Bonded by Blood hr Bonded by Blood it Bonded by Blood album no Bonded by Blood pl Bonded by Blood pt Bonded by Blood ru Bonded by Blood fi Bonded by Blood sv Bonded by Blood ... more details
Multiple issues orphan April 2010 unreferenced April 2010 notability April 2010 Bonded Neo powder is produced by processing specific combination of Classical element element s that result in distinct magnetic and physical characteristics. These powders are the primary material used in the manufacture of bonded rare earth magnet rare earth permanent magnet s, which, in turn, are used in Electric motor motors and sensor s utilized in a wide variety of products for consumer and industrial end markets. Neodymium metal, one of the rare earth elements, is the primary raw material in Neo powder. It is alloy ed with iron and boron , occasionally along with other elements in small quantities such as cobalt . The alloy is melted and then rapidly solidified by melt spinning to produce Neo powders with the desired characteristics for the manufacture of bonded Neo magnet s. Bonded Neo magnets were first invented in 1982 and since that time they have been refined to a point where they now possess the highest magnetic strength of the four types of permanent magnets. Production Nd Fe B powder is combined with Synthetic resin or polymer to form the Bonded Magnets. An important way of manufacturing these magnets is through the process of Injection molding. The Nd Fe B alloy used for the production ... magnet is Inspected and packed up. Applications of Bonded Neo powder Bonded Neo powder is incorporated into numerous end market applications that utilize bonded Neo magnets. These products are primarily ... bag sensors and home ventilation systems e.g., ceiling fan s Type of Bonded Neo Powders MQP MQP products are isotropic magnetic powders that are used in the manufacture of bonded magnets. No alignment ... powders that are used in the manufacture of bonded magnets. An alignment field is necessary during ..., which are fully dense isotropic magnets. Further information http www.mqitechnology.com bonded neo powder.jsp Bonded Neo Powder Category Types of magnets ... more details
A Bonded warehouse is a building or other secured area in which dutiable goods may be stored, manipulated, or undergo manufacturing operations without payment of duty . ref http www.law.cornell.edu uscode 19 usc sec 19 00001555 000 .html 19 U.S.C. 1555 ref It may be managed by the government state or by private enterprise. In the latter case a customs bond finance bond must be posted with the government. This system exists in all developed countries of the world. Upon entry of goods into the warehouse, the importer and warehouse proprietor incur liability under a bond. This liability is generally cancelled when the goods are Exported or deemed exported Withdrawn for supplies to a vessel or aircraft in international traffic Destroyed under Customs supervision or Withdrawn for consumption domestically after payment of duty. While the goods are in the bonded warehouse, they may, under supervision by the customs authority, be manipulated by cleaning, sorting, repacking, or otherwise changing their condition by processes that do not amount to manufacturing. After manipulation, and within the warehousing period, the goods may be exported without the payment of duty, or they may be withdrawn for consumption upon payment of duty at the rate applicable to the goods in their manipulated condition at the time of withdrawal. In the United States, goods may remain in the bonded warehouse up ... title 19 us code section 1311 bonded manufacturing warehouses 19 U.S.C. 1311 ref Bonded warehouses ... . History Image Bonded warehouse.JPG right thumb 300px Mason Transfer and Grain Co., bonded warehouse ... of bonded warehouses in England the payment of duties on import imported goods had to be made ...... Advantages of a Bonded Warehouse http www.kellysearch.com qz product 120655.html Bonded Warehousing Suppliers Worldwide http www.impatex.org solutions warehousing bonded warehouse.html Software Solution for Bonded Warehousing References Reflist 1911 DEFAULTSORT Bonded Warehouse Category Commercial ... more details
cleanup Production and festival sections should be wikified date April 2012 Infobox film name Bonded Parallels image alt see WP ALT caption director Hovhannes Galstyan producer Gevorg Gevorgyan br Jean Marie Delbary br Hovhannes Galstyan br Marie Anne Le Metayer Djivelekian br Olivier Oursel br Trond Brede Andersen writer Hovhannes Galstyan starring Siri Helene M ller br Laurence Ritter br Sos Janibekyan br Serge Avedikian music Vahagn Hayrapetyan cinematography Rouben Gasparyan editing studio Parallels Film Production distributor released Film date df y 2009 6 23 Moscow International Film Festival MIFF 2009 7 15 Armenia runtime 91 minutes country Film Armenia language Armenian budget gross Bonded Parallels lang hy is a 2009 film written and directed by Armenian filmmaker Hovhannes Galstyan . This film deals with two stories which take place at different times and linked by the birth of the protagonist, the daughter, and the death of the second main character, the mother. The destiny of these two heroines has been influenced by the true story of an Armenians Armenian soldier during World War II in Norway and by director s personal history. Plot Norway, World War II. Hanna, whose husband Henrik participates in the resistance movement, gives temporary asylum to a prisoner of war, Arakel, by hiding him in her house in northern Norway. The presence of this stranger changes Hanna s life, and she starts writing about her mixed feelings in her diary. USSR, Armenia ... part of Bonded Parallels. 2006 Contribution from Norwegian Film Fund for commencement of shootings ... July Shooting the Norwegian part of Bonded Parallels. 2006 Oct. Contribution from Hubert Bals Fund ... of Defense of Russia to Film Director Hovhannes Galstyan for the film Bonded Parallels Volokolamsky ... cinema.theiapolis.com movie 002U bonded parallels Bonded Parallels at Theiapolis Cinema Category ... World War II films Category Films set in 1988 fr Bonded Parallels ru ... more details
Bonded amalgam is used in dentistry . Dental amalgam does not by itself Adhesive bond to tooth structure. This was recognized as a shortcoming by early practitioners such as Baldwin ref Baldwin H. Cement and amalgam fillings. Br J Dent Sci 1897 vol. XL no. 699 193 234 ref . He recommended that the prepared cavity be coated with zinc phosphate cement just prior to filling with amalgam, in order to improve the seal and retention. The practice did not become universally accepted and eventually fell into disuse. Until the 1980 s, most amalgam restorations placed worldwide were done without adhesives, although in the 1970 s a polycarboxylate based adhesive liner was formulated specifically for this purpose ref Zardiackas L D, Stoner G E, Smith F K. Dental amalgam stabilization by selective interfacial amalgamation. Biota Med Dev Art Org 1976 4 193 203 ref In the mid 1980 s the first reports of the use of Synthetic resin resins to bond amalgam to etched tooth structure, much like is done for composite resins, appeared in the literature ref Varga J, Matsumura H, Masuhara E. Bonding of amalgam filling to tooth cavity with adhesive resin. Dent Mater J 1986 5 158 164 ref ref Shimizu A, Ui T, Kawakami M. Bond strength between amalgam and tooth hard tissues with application of fluoride, glass ionomer cement and adhesive resin cement in various combinations. Dent Mater J 1986 5 225 232 ref ref Shimizu A, Ui T, Kawakami M. Microleakage of amalgam restorations with adhesive resin cement lining, glass ionomer cement base and fluoride treatment. Dent Mater J 1987 6 64 69 ref ref Shimizu A, Ui T, Kawakami M, Tsuchitani Y. Adhesive amalgam restoration with resin cement lining Basic technique and three clinical cases. Jpn J Conserv Dent 1987 30 68 75 ref ref Staninec M, Holt M. Bonding of amalgam to tooth structure Tensile adhesion and microleakage tests. J Prosthet Dent 1988 59 397 402 ref . Since then, a number of papers have been published on laboratory as well as clinical studies of the technique ... more details
for one grade of microfibre See also Alcantara material Bondedleather Clarino micro fiber used in sports ...Artificial leather is a fabric or finish intended to substitute for leather in fields such as upholstery , clothing , and fabrics , and other uses where a leather like finish is required but the actual ... leather not to be confused with the more modern Plastic leather Pleather or American leather cloth , large quantities of a material having a more or less leather like surface were once used, principally ... varnish . A grained Morocco leather Morocco surface was given to the material by passing it between ... , and to such manufactures as ordinary waxcloth . An artificial leather which was patented and proposed for use as soles for boots, etc., was composed of powdered scraps and cuttings of leather ... linseed oil or dissolved resin could be used as the binding medium for the leather powder. Clothing and fabric uses File DOLCE SH851i.jpg thumb Artificial leather cover for mobile phones. Synthetic leathers, at times made from plastic s, are often used in clothing and fabrics. Artificial leather is marketed under many brands, including leatherette , faux leather , Naugahyde , and pleather . ref ... ref Plastic leather The term pleather plastic leather is a slang term for synthetic leather made of plastic .... Upon the arrival of a new line, a plastic leather, Jujj needed a way to advertise the product to customers ... and leather , the term is sometimes used derogatorily, implying a cost cutting Ersatz for genuine hide. Besides cost, pleather may also be preferred because it is lighter than leather, or as an alternative to real leather citing reasons of animal cruelty . ref cite book title Why Animals Matter The Case ... solvents can make the PVC unbearably stiff. Types Poromeric imitation leather Sometimes referred to as poromerics, poromeric imitation leathers are a group of synthetic breathable leather substitutes ... . Its major advantages over natural leather were its durability and its high gloss finish that could ... more details
Bonded by Blood may refer to Bonded by Blood , an album by the California band Exodus Bonded by Blood band , an American thrash metal band Bonded by Blood poster , a limited edition poster for the All Blacks rugby team Bonded by Blood film Bonded by Blood film , a 2010 film starring Adam Deacon Bonded by Blood book Bonded by Blood book , the biographies of Robert Pattinson and Taylor Lautner Garrett Baldwin dab de Bonded by Blood it Bonded by Blood ... more details
wiktionary Leather commons Leather TOCright BEFORE ADDING TO THIS PAGE Please read About disambiguation pages on the discussion page. Thanks Leather is a material created through the tanning of hides and skins of animals. Leather or Leathers may also refer to Characters Leather comics , a fictional character from DC Comics Bret Leather , a fictional character appearing in the comic book series Planetary Music Leather , a song by Tori Amos from the album Little Earthquakes Leather album Leather album , a studio album by Enrique Iglesias L ther , album by Frank Zappa People Edwin Leather , a conservative politician in the United Kingdom, and Governor of Bermuda Roland Leather , a British cricketer for Yorkshire County Cricket Club Stephen Leather , an English author of thrillers Suzi Leather , a British member of the Labour Party Frederick Leathers, 1st Viscount Leathers , a British industrialist and public servant Subculture Leather subculture is a culture eroticizing leather dress and often associated with BDSM and kink cultures surname Leather disambig ... more details
Mountain leather refers to flexible, sheet like formations of asbestos asbestiform minerals , resembling leather . Minerals known to form mountain leather include Palygorskite Actinolite Saponite Sepiolite Tremolite References http www.mindat.org min 9168.html Mindat.org Category Minerals ... more details
Aniline leather is a type of leather dyed exclusively with soluble dye s without covering the surface with a topcoat paint or insoluble pigments. The resulting product retains the hide s natural surface with the grain , i.e. visible pores, scars etc. of the complete original animal s skin structure. Originally, the dyes used for this process were synthesized from aniline through chemical reaction s. Citation needed date August 2011 These dyes used to be called Mauveine aniline dyes or tar dyes . Citation ... health risks. Citation needed date August 2011 Typically, leather is dyed both for aesthetic reasons and to conceal blemishes. The dye colours leather without producing the uniform surface of pigmented leather. Any visible variations on the surface of the undyed leather such as natural blemishes will remain visible. ref http www.rodenleather.com faqs.html About Leather , Roden Leather Company ref There are different kinds of aniline leather, but the same kinds of dyes are used in the process. The dyes used are clear and transparent chemicals that allow the grain structure of the leather to be seen. These dyes show the natural texture, but do not protect the leather from damage. Aniline leather may be referred to as full aniline or full sauvage leather to differentiate between this dye treatment and variants. Semi aniline leather is produced through a very similar process to full aniline, but has a thin protective top coat added to protect it from wear and staining. Pull up aniline leather has additional oil or wax applied to the leather to give it a distressed look. ref http www.leathermasteruk.com index leather types.htm Leather types , Leather Care Master ref ref http www.modernfurnitureclassics.com index.php main page editorial title Title 205 A Guide to Leather Upholstery , Monique Stern, The Furniture Collection ref References references leather Category Leathermaking Category Leather de Anilinleder ... more details
Composition leather is made from recycled leather off cuts, trimmings and shavings that would normally be sent by the leather industry to landfill . The type of leather specifically used in the manufacture of composition leather is called wet blue . This raw material, which is duck egg blue in colour ... Composition leather enables a higher cutting yield than leather. This is because the material is man made from leather fibres , produced in rolls 1.4m wide and is not derived from leather hides, as in traditional leather. A leather hides hide at its widest point is 914.4mm 36 and 2,286mm 90 long, whereas composition leather is available, cut to length, from a roll width of 1.4m 55 . ref http www.irvingtanning.com leather glossary.htm ref This in turn results in less wastage and reduced material costs. Composition leather gives a uniform finish with minimal batch to batch variation. It has no natural defects that are associated with real leather made from leather hides which will always bear the marks of its natural origin . The characteristics of leather from hides can show up as Healed ... Composition leather is up to 50 per cent lighter than traditional leather and can be up to 30 per ... featurepage.aspx?id 3413&categoryid 3 ref Uses Composition leather is increasingly being adopted as an alternative to traditional leather for footwear , leather goods including document ... miscellaneous leather or composition leather items http www.businesslink.gov.uk bdotg action detail?itemId 1080282147&type RESOURCES The 2009 World Forecasts of Composition Leather with a Leather or Leather ... reportinfo.asp?report id 665665 The 2009 Import and Export Market for Composition Leather with a Leather or Leather Fiber Base in the Forms of Slabs, Sheets, or Strip in the United Kingdom http www.researchandmarkets.co.uk reportinfo.asp?report id 1077554 Imports of Manufacturers of Leather or Composition Leather Saddlery and Harness http www.craftsintheenglishcountryside.org.uk pdfs Table ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image Howard A. Wooten.jpg thumb upright Howard A. Wooten wearing leather helmet and goggles A leather helmet is a form of Protective clothing protective headgear a helmet fashioned primarily out of leather usually Leather Leather from other animals cowhide . People have manufactured leather clothing , including headgear, for millennia. In World War I , tank personnel wore leather helmets with soft interior padding, while aviator pilots of the same era wore soft leather helmets and aviator goggles . In the early days of the automobile , some motorists also adopted this style of headgear. Even today people who drive classic and or open cars or fly open cockpit planes also often use leather helmets and goggles. In World War II , American, Soviet, German, Italian and French crews wore leather helmets, the Germans disguising theirs under a beret before disposing of both and switching to cloth caps. Flight crews continued with the leather helmets, appropriately extended to enclose radio headphones. The comedian Roy Chubby Brown wears a leather flying helmet with goggles as part of his stage costume. DEFAULTSORT Leather Helmet Category Helmets Category Leather clothing Helmet Clothing stub ca Casquet d aviador de Fliegerhaube ... more details
Original research date October 2007 Unreferenced date October 2007 Image Leather skirt PLAY.jpg thumb A woman in a leather skirt A leather skirt is a skirt made of leather . Although durable material, the particular combination of style and material makes for a certain fashion statement . Leather skirts appear in a variety of lengths and styles. Fashion Use varies with current trends in fashion, eg. during the 80s and 90s they were a popular item on the catwalks with popularity dwindling in the early 2000s Fact date October 2008 . Suitability A short leather skirt might be regarded as more sexy than an equivalent short skirt of other material, and thus as more suitable to a night out than as office wear. A long leather skirt might look professional and chic without looking too sexy for the office. Subculture Leather garments, including skirts, see use in heavy metal fashion heavy metal , Gothic fashion goth and BDSM fashion BDSM subcultures. Gender Like other skirts in western culture they are almost exclusively worn by women , but there are movements, such as Men in skirts MIS that fight for making them acceptable for everyday wear by men. External links commonscat Leather Skirts See also LeatherLeather fetishism Gothic fashion leather Clothing Category 1980s fashion Category 1990s fashion Category 2000s fashion Category Skirts Category Fetish clothing Category Leather clothing Skirt clothing stub ar ... more details
Boiled leather , sometimes called cuir bouilli , was a historical construction material for armour . It consists of thick leather , boiled in water some sources hold that Cooking oil oil and wax were used as well, others posit the use of ammonia from fermented animal urine Citation needed date July 2008 . The boiling causes the leather to be harder but more brittle. The boiled leather can be fashioned into lames or Scale armour scales to make lamellar armour lamellar or scale armor . The leather remains flexible for a short time after boiling, allowing it to be molded into larger plates . Cuir bouilli has also been employed to bookbinding bind books . External links http www.daviddfriedman.com Medieval Articles Perfect Armor Improved.htm Water hardened leather for armour http www.dagorhir.com HowTo cbgryml.htm Boiled leather in wax http www.personal.utulsa.edu marc carlson leather hl.html Cuir Bouilli Hardened Leather FAQ Types of armour leather DEFAULTSORT Boiled Leather Category Medieval armour Category Personal armour Category Leatherworking Category Leather Medieval armour stub de Lederr stung fr Cuir bouilli lt Virinta oda pl Zbroja sk rzana ... more details
Bicast leather also known as bycast leather , split leather or PU. leather is a split leather with a layer of polyurethane applied to the surface and then embossed. Bycast was originally made for the shoe industry for glossy shoes, and recently was adopted by the furniture industry. The resulting product has an artificially consistent texture that is easier to clean and maintain. The use of the term 100 leather in relation to this bicast treatment is considered a misrepresentation and therefore not permitted in the United Kingdom and New Zealand . ref cite web url http www.comcom.govt.nz media ... associated with aniline leather it will not develop a patina or suppleness nor otherwise improve with age ... url http advleather.com bicast.html title Consumer Tips and Alerts Bicast leather author Gillan, Kevin ... advleather.com Advanced Leather Solutions ref ref cite web url http www.mainlychairs.co.nz leather 20advice.htm title THE LEATHER CONTROVERSY " Split leather, " bi cast leather" , " corrected grain" LEATHER ADVICE & INFORMATION author Stevens, Richard authorlink accessdate ... permits up to three or four horizontal layers being taken from a single hide. The leather used ... leather work. Citation needed date August 2009 Furniture manufacturers ref cite web url http www.furnituretoday.com article 22060 Bycast Leather s latest price cutting move.php title Bycast Leather ... benefit of bicast leather is its price. Lower grades of leather can be used during the manufacturing ... new appearance. Bicast leather looks best, they say, on furniture with taut seat cushions and pillows. It can easily be cleaned with a damp cloth. New bicast leather furniture can have a slight chemical ... url http www.furnituretoday.com article 22060 Bycast Leather s latest price cutting move.php title Bycast Leather s latest price cutting move 2003 04 01 00 00 00 Furniture Today author Gunin, Joan authorlink ... ref Notes references leather DEFAULTSORT Bicast Leather Category Leather Category Leathermaking material ... more details
Leather interior Connolly Leather was for over 125 years, a United Kingdom British family run company supplying highly finished leather primarily to car manufacturers. The term is also used to describe the particular brand of leather itself, when fitted in a car interior. Connolly supplied most if not all of the leather for the British car industry, including but not limited to Rolls Royce ... Lexus , Ferrari. This leather was also used for the seats in the Supermarine Spitfire s used in World War 2. In addition to car upholstery, Connolly Leather has been used in the manufacture of high ... and luxury status of the item. Connolly Leather was also used in other products even retro transistor radios from British manufacturer Roberts Radio Roberts . Connolly leather gained such prominence ... with Connolly leather as well as the benches in Britain s Houses of Parliament together with many other parliaments around the world. Connolly earned a Royal Warrent, being appointed Leather Tanners ... Limited, selling exclusive and bespoke leather goods and accessories. The business developed ... accessory designs can be found in museum around the world. The company also sold leather care products e.g. Connolly Hide Food restoring leather is sometimes known as Connollising , thanks to the reputation ... scrubbing down the leather with a cleaner soap while using a stiff brush such as a nail brush or slightly abrasive sponge which thins and removes most of the original surface color & finish. The leather .... Connollising involves the leather surface more than the leather itself. Connollising can not fix cracks or extremely dry leather. Connollising fixes the wear and tear of the surface due to typical usage ... leather and bring it back to life, except they can not advertise it as Connollising. Despite having been in the leather tanning and curing business since 1878, Connolly Leather ceased trading in June 2002. ref cite web url http www.dtconcours.co.uk leather care.htm title Leather care information ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Village Bonded Societies are the largest classification of Acephalous Society acephalous societies . They differ from lineage bonded societies and land bonded societies mainly in that they are large enough to support both secret societies and age sets . With both of those institutions in place, a village bonded society can make the transition to statehood , if the need arises. Based on material presented by Joseph C. Dorsey at Purdue University DEFAULTSORT Village Bonded Society Category Anthropological categories of peoples ... more details
citations missing date February 2009 Image leathertools.jpg thumb 250px Modern leather working tools Leather crafting or simply Leathercraft is the practice of making leather into craft objects or works ... thumb right 200px A dyed leatherLeather carving carving Leather dyeing usually involves the use of Ethers spirit or alcohol based dye s where alcohol quickly gets absorbed into moistened leather ... polish can be used to dye and preserve leather. Oils such as Neatsfoot oil neatsfoot or Linseed oil linseed can be applied to preserve leather but darkens them. A wax paste more often than not serves as the final coat. Sweat and grime will also stain and antique leather over time. Gun holsters, saddlebags ..., although they tend not to work as well. Painting Leather painting differs from leather dyeing in that paint remains only on the surface while dyes are absorbed into the leather. Due to this difference, leather painting techniques are generally not used on items that can or must bend nor on items ... to crack and flake off. However, latex paints can be used to paint such flexible leather items. In the main though, a flat piece of leather, backed with a stiff board is ideal and common, though ... is a common medium, often painted on tooled leather pictures, backed with wood or cardboard, and then framed. Unlike photographs, leather paintings are displayed without a glass cover, to prevent mold . Carving main Leather carving Leather carving entails using metal implements to compress moistened leather in such a way as to give a three dimensional appearance to a two dimensional surface. The surface of the leather is not intended to be cut through, as would be done in filigree . The main tools used to carve leather include swivel knife , veiner , beveler , pear shader , seeder , cam, and background tool. The swivel knife is held similar to pencil and drawn along the leather to outline patterns. The other tools are Leather punch punch type implements struck with a wooden, nylon or rawhide ... more details
COI date August 2010 Unreferenced date August 2009 The State of Bonded Labor in Pakistan , by Shujaat Ali Rahi , is a treatise that reflects the status of bonded labor in Pakistan , a country with an estimated population of 1.7 million in bonded labor . The book has been published by National Coalition Against Bonded Labor NCABL , with the support of TRoCAIRE . The book deals with the issue of the bonded labor, its definition, its magnanimity in the scenario in SAARC , and Pakistan s commitment to the abolition of the bondage system in various fields such as agriculture, brick kilns, and other industries. The book analyses the issue and suggests certain practical measures to handle the issue. See also Feudalism in Pakistan References Reflist 2 Reference The State of Bonded Labor in Pakistan publishers National Coalition Against Bonded Labour, Islamabad, Pakistan 2009 The book is available on internet. Go to PDF Bonded Labor ncabl.pk wp.content ... State of Bonded Labor FINAL FINAL 1 21 07 pd.. Poli book stub DEFAULTSORT State Of Bonded Labor In Pakistan Category Debt bondage in South Asia Category Political books Category South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Land Bonded Societies are Acephalous Society acephalous societies that fall in between lineage bonded societies and village bonded societies . Land bonded societies are strictly agrarian , excluding inherently nomadic pastoralists from society. They form from the fragments of lineage bonded societies that merge together, and their only claim to social ties is the land they occupy. While definitively larger than lineage bonded societies, land bonded societies share many of the same traits, including the inability to support age grade sets and secret societies. As land bonded societies grow larger, they can change into Village bonded societies , which are able to simultaneously support age sets and secret societies , and enable them to transition to statehood Based on material presented by Joseph C. Dorsey at Purdue University DEFAULTSORT Land Bonded Society Category Anthropological categories of peoples ... more details
Refimprove date February 2008 Nappa leather or Napa leather is a full grain leather , typically dyed, made from unsplit goat kid , domestic sheep lamb or sheep skin by tanning with salts of chromium or aluminium sulfate , and noted for softness and durability. It is often used in high quality leather products such as high end furniture and accessories. The tanning process which produces Napa leather was invented by Emanuel Manasse in 1875 while working for the Sawyer Tanning Company in Napa, California. ref name Emanuel Manasse http www.ancestry.com Emanuel Manasse obituary article 1899 and patent 1875 , retrieved 11 08 2010 from Ancestry.com ref Notes B Ellis 1921 , Gloves & Glove Trade , page 58, Nappa gloves are made from tawed leathers. reflist leather Category Leather material stub de Nappaleder it Nappa pellame sv Nappa tr Napa ... more details
This article describes leather carving in detail. For information about leather craft in general, see Leather crafting . How to date September 2009 Unreferenced date November 2007 Leather carving is the process of giving a three dimensional appearance to leather by a process of cutting and stamping the surface. Materials The only type of leather suitable for carving is vegetable tanned, full grain leather. This is because the vegetable tanning process allows the leather to absorb water, which is used to soften the leather before the carving process, and the grain of the leather is necessary to allow the leather to hold the shape after the carving process is complete. Other leathers lack these two essential qualities. Tools Leather carving is accomplished using three main tools Swivel knife ... A set of stamping tools used to shape and color the leather to create the final image. Usually contains ... to other stamping tools, by holding it vertically over the leather and striking with the rawhide mallet ... of the design that need to appear curved. The action of the pear shader causes the leather tooled ... so that it creates a consistent shading of the leather. Veiner or shell tool These tools create ... striking that you do not cut right through the leather. If stamping an area using this tool, stamp ... leather article is used to emphasise the design, and is not even necessary in some cases. It consists of the pushing down of any areas of leather that have not been already carved. The background tool has a crosshatched pattern on its head, which has the effect of significantly darkening the leather ... a variety of faces that include striped, checked, rounded,smoothed, and crosshatched Method All leather needs to be prepared a certain way for leather carvers to carve the leather. The leather carver soaks the leather with water, thus making the leather easier to tool If the leather ends up too wet it will not hold a sharply defined carving properly cased leather feels cool to the touch, and has the feel ... more details
Image Leather, Latex, and BDSM pride.svg thumb The leather pride flag , which has become a symbol of BDSM and fetish subcultures. Image Leather Contingent Pride 2004.jpg thumb Start of the Leather contingent at the 2004 San Francisco gay pride pride parade parade . The leather subculture denotes practices and styles of dress organized around sexual activities. Wearing leather garments is one way that participants .... Leather culture is most visible in Gay community gay communities and most often associated with gay ... straight worlds. Many people associate leather culture with BDSM Bondage Discipline, Dominance ..., wearing Leather black leather clothing is an eroticism erotic fashion that expresses heightened ... in kink sexual sexual kink or sexual fetish leather fetishism . ref name Rubin Elegy for the Valley ... Gay male leather culture has existed since the late 1940s, ref name Rubin when it likely grew out of post World War II WWII biker culture . Early gay leather bars were subcultural versions of the motorcycle .... The Miracle Mile South of Market and Gay Male Leather, 1962 1997 in Reclaiming San Francisco History, Politics, Culture City Light Books, 1998 . ref Leather Clubs for gay men started in Amsterdam and Berlin ..., a leather jacket, and muir cap, played on pop cultural fascination with the Hollister riot and promoted ... . Perhaps as a result, the leather community that emerged from the motorcycle clubs also became the practical ... Traditions Throughout the history of the leather subculture, a variety of traditions have been ... title THE OLD GUARD The History of Leather Traditions accessdate 2010 10 27 year 1993 author ... are the original or true traditions, or whether the romanticized versions of leather history ever existed at all. ref name wiseman leather Cite web url http www.evilmonk.org a wiseman11.cfm title An Essay ... has progressed and BDSM has become more mainstream see below , the traditions of leather has adapted. The first major evolution has become known as New Leather or New Guard . However, even this is the subject ... more details
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