Otheruses Bottleneck disambiguation A bottleneck is a phenomenon where the performance or capacity of an entire system is limited by a single or limited number of components or resources. The term bottleneck ... is limited by the width of the conduit of exit that is, bottleneck. By increasing the width of the bottleneck one can increase the rate at which the water flows out of the neck at different frequencies. Such limiting components of a system are sometimes referred to as bottleneck points . Project management A bottleneck in project management is one process in a chain of processes, such that its ... the bottleneck element towards the end of the process, inducing the better and faster machines to always ... be heeded as a deleterious and significant overall drawback on the process. Management Bottleneck ... Business Unit Function versus Function Inside versus Outside Partners Engineering In engineering , a bottleneck ... by a single component. Formally, a bottleneck lies on a system s critical path and provides the lowest ... processor , a communication link , a data processing software , etc. Traffic main Traffic bottleneck ... to travel through one lane, causing a bottleneck and a traffic jam. Image Knelpunt.jpg thumb Bottleneck in traffic caused by a road construction Metaphor ically a bottleneck is a section of a route with a carrying ..., a bottleneck link for a given data flow is a link that is fully utilized is saturated and of all ... is substantially different from a common meaning of a bottleneck . Also note, that this definition does not forbid a single link to be a bottleneck for multiple flows. A data rate allocation is max min fair if and only if a data flow between any two nodes has at least one bottleneck link. Population genetics Image Population bottleneck.svg thumb right Population bottleneck and recovery or extinction In population genetics , a population bottleneck occurs when the effective population size, effective ... effect of a population bottleneck is to decrease genetic diversity, promoting the effects ... more details
Wiktionarypar bottleneckBottleneck literally refers to the top narrow part of a bottle . Other than the narrow part of a bottle bottleneck may also refer to Bottleneck , a phenomenon where the capacity of an entire system is limited by lowest capacity part of such system Free State Bottleneck , a quasi state that existed in Germany during the time of the Weimar Republic Population bottleneck , an evolutionary event that drastically reduces a population Slide guitar , also known as a Bottleneck guitar The Bottleneck K2 , a mountaineering feature near the top of K2 mountain Von Neumann bottleneck , described within Von Neumann architecture as a limit of throughput between a computer s processor and its memory Bottleneck cartridge , where the cartridge body narrows at the neck, providing a shoulder that may be used for Headspace firearms headspacing disambig de Flaschenhals es Cuello de botella eu Botila lepo argipena fr Goulot d tranglement ko it Collo di bottiglia nl Bottleneck ru zh ... more details
File K2 above Bottleneck.jpg thumb High on K2 Seracs above the Bottleneck The Bottleneck is a location along the South East Spur, known also as Abruzzi Spur the most used route to the top of K2 , the second highest mountain in the world in the Karakoram on the Pakistan China border. The Bottleneck is a narrow couloir , which is overhung by serac s from the ice field east of the summit. The couloir is located only 400m below the summit, and climbers have to traverse about 100m exposed to the seracs to pass it. Due to the height 8200m and the steepness 50 60 degrees this stretch is the most dangerous part of the route and has claimed at least 11 fatalities. ref http www.k2climb.net expguide route.htm K2climb.net, The climb from the Pakistan side ref According to AdventureStats, the last 13 fatalities on K2 have have occurred at or near the Bottleneck. ref http www.adventurestats.com tables k2fatilities.shtml K2 fatalities adventurestats.com. Retrieved 18 October 2011. ref Despite all the dangers, the Bottleneck is still technically the easiest and the fastest route to the summit. Most climbers choose to use it to minimize time required to spend above 8,000 meters the death zone . The standard route, the Abruzzi SE Ridge, as well as the Cesen route SSE Ridge, which joins SE Ridge , and the American ... the Bottleneck. The climbers approaching the bottleneck start from a shoulder , an almost level ground ... the icefield. It is possible to pass the Bottleneck by rock climbing the cliffs on the left. Unfortunately ... once, by Fritz Wiessner and Pasang Dawa Lama Sherpa in 1939. Skiing the Bottleneck On August 4, 2009, Dave Watson became the first person in history to ski down the Bottleneck. ref http www.k2tracks.com ... News including the picture of a line of climbers in the Bottleneck. The picture was taken August ... 86&sez 1&skip 16&recxpg 16&id tipologia 43 Bottleneck &ndash The Bottleneck from below. Photo by Renato ... Zone &ndash Ed Viesturs in the Bottleneck. coord missing Pakistan Category K2 NorthernAreas geo stub ... more details
Image Bottleneck.svg Right thumb Bottleneck caused by construction. A traffic bottleneck is a localized disruption of vehicular traffic on a street, road or highway. As opposed to a traffic jam , a bottleneck is a result of a specific physical condition, often the design of the road, badly timed traffic lights, or sharp curves. They are also caused by temporary situations, such as vehicular accidents Causes Traffic bottlenecks can be caused by a wide variety of things. A construction zone, where one or more existing lanes may become unavailable, is pictured on the right. An accident site can also temporarily close lanes. Even in the absence of construction, a highway permanently narrowing by a lane or more can be a bottleneck because the capacity falls. Bottlenecks are also caused by terrain, such as uphill sections or very sharp curves. A poorly timed traffic signal traffic light is another example. Slow vehicles also disrupt traffic flow upstream. This is known as a Moving bottleneck moving bottleneck . Furthermore, bottlenecks can be psychological in nature. Vehicles safely pulled to the shoulder by a police car, for example, often induce passing drivers to slow down to get a better look at the situation. See rubbernecking . Graphical & theoretical representation Traffic flow theory can be used to model and represent bottlenecks. Stationary bottleneck Image Wikipedia TrafficBottlenecks regular.svg right Consider a stretch of highway with two lanes in one direction. Suppose ... the bottleneck event. Suppose that at time 0, traffic begins to flow at rate B and speed v sub f sub ... d sub , as taken from the fundamental diagram. Downstream of the bottleneck, vehicles transition to state ... D. Moving bottleneck Image Tractor OnTheRoad01.jpg thumb A slow tractor creates a moving bottleneck ... flow, the vehicle density is less because fewer vehicles get around the bottleneck. Image Wikipedia ... Categories DEFAULTSORT Traffic Bottleneck Category Road transport Category Road traffic management ... more details
tp 140,000 years. The Toba catastrophe theory suggests that a bottleneck of the human population ... However, such coalescence is genetically expected and does not, in itself, indicate a population bottleneck ... hand, in 2000, a Molecular Biology and Evolution paper suggested a transplanting model or a long bottleneck ... variation within the population remains very low. A classic example of a population bottleneck ... population bottleneck in the past. The genome of the giant panda shows evidence of a severe bottleneck that took place about 43,000 years ago. ref cite journal url http www.iupac.org publications ..., the golden snub nosed monkey , that also suffered from a bottleneck around this time. Further deductions can sometimes be inferred from an observed population bottleneck. Among the Gal pagos Islands Gal pagos tortoise giant tortoises themselves a prime example of a bottleneck the comparatively ... populations on the same island. DNA analyses date the bottleneck to around 88,000 years before ... bottleneck. In evolutionary theory See Evolutionary biology As a population becomes smaller, genetic ... Population Bottleneck Category Population genetics Category Human evolution Category Demography ... more details
Update date March 2011 The interconnect bottleneck , the point at which integrated circuit s ICs reach their capacity, is expected sometime around 2010. ref http www.sciencedaily.com releases 2006 04 060417124542.htm Quantum Paint on Laser Could Rescue Computer Chip Industry ref Improved performance of computer systems has been achieved, in large part, by downscaling the IC minimum feature size. This allows the basic IC building block, the transistor , to operate at a higher frequency, performing more computations per second. However, downscaling of the minimum feature size also results in tighter packing of the wires on a microprocessor , which increases parasitic capacitance and signal propagation delay. Consequently, the delay due to the communication between the parts of a chip becomes comparable to the computation delay itself. This phenomenon, known as an interconnect bottleneck , is becoming a major problem in high performance computer systems. ref http www.ece.rochester.edu weiss SMW 20papers MH SPIE2004.pdf Dynamically tunable 1D and 2D photonic bandgap structures for optical interconnect applications ref This problem of interconnect bottleneck can be solved by utilizing optical interconnects to replace the long metallic interconnects. ref name iptronics cite news url http www.iptronics.com 36209 Optical 20interconnects.html title Parallel Optical Interconnects last Bek first Jesper date 2008 06 09 publisher IPtronics accessdate 2010 04 09 ref Such hybrid optical electronic interconnects promises better performance even with larger designs. Optics has widespread use in long distance communications still it has not yet been widely used in chip to chip or on chip interconnections because they in centimeter or micrometer range are not yet industry manufacturable owing to costlier technology and lack of fully mature technologies. As optical interconnections move from ... access memory Memory wall References references DEFAULTSORT Interconnect Bottleneck Category Digital ... more details
Infobox Hollywood cartoon cartoon name Baby Bottleneck series Looney Tunes Daffy Duck Porky Pig director Bob Clampett story artist Warren Foster animator Rod Scribner br Manny Gould br Bill Melendez br I. Ellis layout artist Thomas McKimson background artist Dorcy Howard voice actor Mel Blanc uncredited br Sara Berner uncredited musician Carl Stalling producer Edward Selzer studio Warner Bros. Cartoons, Inc. distributor Warner Bros. Warner Bros. Pictures release date March 16, 1946 USA color process Technicolor runtime 7 min. movie language English language English Baby Bottleneck is a 1945 Warner Brothers Looney Tunes reissued as a Merrie Melodies Blue Ribbon Merrie Melodies Blue Ribbon theatrical cartoon short released in 1946 and directed by Bob Clampett and written by Warren Foster . Plot There is a Baby boomers baby boom of the post war United States an overworked stork a clear Jimmy Durante reference gets drunk in the Stork Club Stork Klub . There is an emergency delivery in which inexperienced animals, mostly older animals but including Dumbo four crows attempting to deliver an elephant , take the babies to their parents. As a result, babies are getting sent to the wrong parents such as a baby Hippopotamus to a Scottish Terrier , a baby alligator to a pig and a baby skunk to a goose . To clear up the confusion, Porky Pig is brought in to manage the factory, with Daffy Duck as his assistant. The babies are seen going through a conveyor belt to the tune of Raymond Scott s famous Powerhouse and getting sent by various animals, while Daffy mans the phones, making quick references to Bing Crosby , Eddie Cantor , and the Dionne Quintuplets . When a stray egg is found without an address, Porky decides to have Daffy sit on it until it hatches. However, Daffy refuses to sit around on top of an egg. Porky chases Daffy around the factory complete with an imitation of Porky by Daffy , until they wind up trapped on the conveyor belt. The belt winds up stuffing both of them ... more details
Infobox Single Name Delta Sun Bottleneck Stomp Cover Artist Mercury Rev from Album Deserter s Songs B side Released January 25, 1999 Format CD, 12 vinyl Recorded Tarbox Studios, NRS Studios, Six Hours Studios Genre Alternative rock Length 3 06 edit br 3 51 album version Label V2 Records Writer Jimy Chambers, Jonathan Donahue , Sean Grasshopper musician Grasshopper Mackowiak Producer Dave Fridmann , Jonathan Donahue , Aaron Hurwitz Certification Last single Goddess on a Hiway br 1998 This single Delta Sun Bottleneck Stomp br 1999 Next single Opus 40 song Opus 40 br 1999 Delta Sun Bottleneck Stomp is the second single from Mercury Rev s fourth studio album, Deserter s Songs . The single was released in the UK on January 25, 1999, and peaked at number 26 on the UK Singles Chart . Mercury Rev drummer Jimy Chambers is credited as the lyrics writer for Delta Sun Bottleneck Stomp. B sides include live covers of Vampire Blues Neil Young and Isolation John Lennon . Track listing UK CD 1 Delta Sun Bottleneck Stomp Edit 3 06 Delta Sun Bottleneck Stomp The Chemical Brothers Remix 6 22 Vampire Blues Live 2 50 CD 2 Delta Sun Bottleneck Stomp Edit 3 06 Holes I Collect Coins unlisted Live 7 04 Isolation Live 4 10 12 vinyl Delta Sun Bottleneck Stomp The Chemical Brothers Remix 6 22 Delta Sun Bottleneck Stomp Edit 3 06 Endlessly instrumental 4 25 Australia CD Delta Sun Bottleneck Stomp Edit 3 06 Delta Sun Bottleneck Stomp The Chemical Brothers Remix 6 22 Vampire Blues Live 2 50 Holes I Collect Coins Live 7 04 Isolation Live 4 10 Category 1999 singles Category Mercury Rev songs ... more details
The Bottleneck traveling salesman problem bottleneck TSP is a problem in discrete optimization discrete or combinatorial optimization . It is stated as follows Find the Hamiltonian path Hamiltonian cycle in a Glossary of graph theory weighted graph which minimizes the weight of the most weighty Glossary of graph theory edge of the cycle. ref name gj cite book author Michael R. Garey and David S. Johnson year 1979 title Computers and Intractability A Guide to the Theory of NP Completeness publisher W.H. Freeman isbn 0 7167 1045 5 A2.3 ND24, pg.212. ref The problem is known to be NP hard . The decision problem version of this, for a given length x , is there a Hamiltonian cycle in a graph g with no edge longer than x ? , is NP complete . ref name gj In an asymmetric bottleneck TSP , there are cases where the weight from node A to B is different from the weight from B to A e. g. travel time between two cities with a traffic jam in one direction . Euclidean bottleneck TSP , or planar bottleneck TSP, is the bottleneck TSP with the distance being the ordinary Euclidean distance . The problem still remains NP hard, however many heuristics work better. If the graph is a metric space then there is an efficient approximation algorithm that finds a Hamiltonian cycle with maximum edge weight being no more than twice the optimum. ref cite journal author R. Garey Parker and Ronald L. Rardin year 1984 title Guaranteed performance heuristics for the bottleneck traveling salesman problem publisher Operations Research Letters 2 6 269 272 ref See also Travelling salesman problem References reflist 3. G. Carpaneto, S. Martello and P. Toth 1984 . An algorithm for the bottleneck travelling salesman problem . Operations Research 32 2 380 389. Category Combinatorial optimization Category Graph algorithms ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Coord 39 03 37 N 110 41 15 W type mountain region US UT scale 10000 display title Bottleneck Peak is a natural monolith located on the eastern side of Sids Mountain in the Utah San Rafael Swell wilderness area. DEFAULTSORT Bottleneck Peak And Moon Category Natural monoliths Category Rock formations in Utah Category Landforms of Emery County, Utah Utah geo stub es Pico Cuello de Botella ... more details
Infobox Former Country native name Freistaat Flaschenhals conventional long name Free State Bottleneck common name Bottleneck continent Europe region Rhineland country Germany era Interwar period status Special status text Unoccupied territory within post WWI Weimar Republic Germany government type Republic year start 1919 year end 1923 event start date start 10 January event end Occupation of the Ruhr ... footnotes The Free State Bottleneck lang de Freistaat Flaschenhals was a short lived quasi state that existed ... following World War I . The Bottleneck is now part of the modern German states of Hesse and Rhineland ... bridgeheads, this enclosed territory took on the shape of a bottleneck, hence the name that was given to the microstate, when it was declared on 10 January 1919. Life in the Bottleneck File Flaschenhals briefmarke.jpg 200px thumb right 50 Pfennig postage stamp of the Bottleneck, containing a map showing how the two Allied bridgeheads give the state its bottleneck like shape The region ... territory. Pnischeck headed the Bottleneck s administration for the time of its existence, which even oversaw the production of its own stamps and currency. There were no roads connecting the Bottleneck ... R desheim Rhein R desheim and taken to the Bottleneck, where the coal was distributed among the populace ... of the Free State Bottleneck ref Foreign relations The state issued its own passports to its citizens ... Hessischer Rundfunk ref Abolition After four years of existence, the Free State Bottleneck was abolished on 23 February 1923 following the French Occupation of the Ruhr . The Bottleneck was eventually ... Nassau . The Bottleneck today The territory that formerly comprised the Bottleneck is now part of the Rhine Gorge UNESCO World Heritage Site . The history of the Bottleneck is now a tourist attraction ... , Kaub and Lorch Rheingau Lorch . Bottleneck stamps and currency are now sought after rarities. Wine ... eng index.htm Official website of the Free State Bottleneck States of the Weimar Republic ... more details
In mathematics, the quadratic bottleneck assignment problem QBAP is one of fundamental combinatorial optimization problems in the branch of Optimization mathematics optimization or operations research , from the category of the facilities location problems. ref http www.assignmentproblems.com Assignment Problems , by Rainer Burkard , Mauro Dell Amico, Silvano Martello, 2009 ref It is related to the quadratic assignment problem in the same way as the linear bottleneck assignment problem is related to the linear assignment problem , the sum is replaced with max in the objective function . The problem models the following real life problem There are a set of n facilities and a set of n locations. For each pair of locations, a distance is specified and for each pair of facilities a weight or flow is specified e.g., the amount of supplies transported between the two facilities . The problem is to assign all facilities to different locations with the goal of minimizing the maximum of the distances multiplied by the corresponding flows. Computational complexity The problem is NP hard . Special cases Bottleneck traveling salesman problem Graph bandwidth problem References reflist Category NP hard problems Category combinatorial optimization ... more details
The Shifting Bottleneck Heuristic is a procedure intended to minimize the time it takes to do work, or specifically, the makespan in a job shop . The makespan is defined as the amount of time, from start to finish, to complete a set of multi machine jobs where machine order is pre set for each job. Assuming that the jobs are actually competing for the same resources machines then there will always be one or more resources that act as a bottleneck in the processing. This heuristic , or rule of thumb procedure minimises the effect of the bottleneck. The Shifting Bottleneck engineering Bottleneck Heuristic is intended for job shops with a finite number of jobs and a finite number of machines. Uses Image processingTimes.png thumb right Machine Sequence and Processing Times Example The Shifting Bottleneck engineering Bottleneck Heuristic is used in manufacturing and service industries that include ... makespan Determine optimal sequence for bottleneck machine Considering precedence constraints ... Iteration 1 The next step is to determine which resource machine is currently the Bottleneck engineering bottleneck . This is done by considering the production time, denoted p sub ij sub , that each ... for each of the respective machines, the machine with the largest maximum lateness is the bottleneck ... be chosen for the bottleneck. All of this work is considered the first iteration. Once the Bottleneck engineering bottleneck has been determined, the path for the machine needs to be included in the drawing ... determined to be the bottleneck. Second iteration Image Iteration2.png thumb right Iteration 2 The next ... the second iteration. Again, determine which machine is the new Bottleneck engineering bottleneck . The new makespan is the old makespan plus the maximum lateness from the new bottleneck ... Iteration 3 . At this point the Shifting Bottleneck engineering Bottleneck Heuristic is complete. The drawing ... links http www.inderscience.com filter.php?aid 9059 The shifting bottleneck procedure for job ... more details
In combinatorial optimization , a field within mathematics, the linear bottleneck assignment problem LBAP is similar to the linear assignment problem . ref http www.assignmentproblems.com Assignment Problems , by Rainer Burkard , Mauro Dell Amico, Silvano Martello, 2009, Chapter 6.2 http books.google.com books?id nHIzbApLOr0C&pg PA198&dq 22bottleneck assignment problem 22&hl en&ei A7f0S9DjMYH6sQOYt8CIBQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 2&ved 0CDIQ6AEwAQ v onepage&q 22bottleneck 20assignment 20problem 22&f false Linear Bottleneck Assignment Problem p. 172 ref In plain words the problem is stated as follows There are a number of agents and a number of tasks . Any agent can be assigned to perform any task, incurring some cost that may vary depending on the agent task assignment. It is required to perform all tasks by assigning exactly one agent to each task in such a way that the maximum cost among the individual assignments is minimized. The term bottleneck is explained by a common type of application of the problem, where the cost is the duration of the task performed by an agent. In this setting the maximum cost is maximum duration , which is the bottleneck for the schedule of the overall job, to be minimized. Formal definition The formal definition of the bottleneck assignment problem is Given two sets, A and T , together with a weight function C A × T &rarr real number R . Find a bijection f A &rarr T such that the cost function math max a in A C a,f a math is minimized. Usually the weight function is viewed as a square real valued matrix mathematics matrix C , so that the cost function is written down as math max a in A C a,f a math Mathematical programming formulation math min , max i,j c ij x ij math subject to math sum n j 1 x ij 1 i 1,2, dots, n , math math sum n i 1 x ij 1 j 1,2, dots, n , math math x ij in 0,1 i, j 1,2, dots,n math References reflist Category Combinatorial optimization ... more details
Wikify date June 2010 in particular references The information bottleneck method is a technique introduced by Naftali Tishby et al. 1 for finding the best tradeoff between accuracy and complexity Data compression compression when random variable summarizing e.g. data clustering clustering a random variable X , given a joint probability distribution between X and an observed relevant variable Y . Other ... T , math and math T Y , math respectively. Gaussian information bottleneck 2 A relatively simple application of the information bottleneck is to Gaussian variates and this has some semblance to a least ... math where math r i U i T Sigma XX U i. , math Applying the Gaussian information bottleneck on time ... dynamic systems can be revealed in the so called past future information bottleneck http www.user.tu berlin.de creutzig Creutzig PhysRevE.pdf 4 . Data clustering using the information bottleneck This application of the bottleneck method to non Gaussian sampled data is described in 4 by Tishby et. el ... are drawn and secondly the use of these densities within the information theoretic framework of the bottleneck. Density estimation Main Density estimation Since the bottleneck method is framed in probabilistic ... by use of a Markov transition matrix method and this has some mathematical synergy with the bottleneck ... to the reference or categorical data math Y , math in accordance with the fundamental bottleneck ... Papers allerton.pdf The Information Bottleneck method . The 37th annual Allerton Conference on Communication .... Tishby and Y. Weiss http www.jmlr.org papers volume6 chechik05a chechik05a.pdf Information Bottleneck ... future information bottleneck in dynamical systems , 2009, Physical Review E 79, 041925 5 N Tishby, N Slonim Data clustering by Markovian Relaxation and the Information Bottleneck Method , Neural Information ... Word Clusters via the Information Bottleneck Method , SIGIR 2000, pp. 208&ndash 215 8 Y. Weiss ... Bottleneck Revisited or How to Choose a Good Distortion Measure . In proceedings of the International ... more details
An Information Product is any final product in the form of information that a person needs to have. This Information Product consists of several Information Element , which are located in the organizational value chain . To illustrate the concept of an IP, an example is shown of a bottleneck analysis in HR by J. Willems 2008 . Here, the illustration shows how the Information Elements e.g. Qualifications build up the Information Product e.g. HR File . File Bottleneck analysis.png See also Information logistics , Information Element External links http community.nyenrode.nl blogs ilblog default.aspx Nyenrode Information Logistics Weblog Sources http www.nyenrode.nl facultyandresearch nri Documents Working 20papers NRI08 02.pdf From Having to Using by Willems 2008 Information Logistics Working Paper Nyenrode Category Logistics Category Business nl Informatieproduct ... more details
Expert subject Computing date February 2009 nofootnotes date August 2009 In computer networking networking and in graph theory , capillary routing , for a given network, is a multi path solution between a pair of source and destination nodes. Unlike shortest path routing or max flow routing for any network topology only one capillary routing solution exists. Capillary routing can be constructed by an iterative linear programming LP process transforming a single path flow into a capillary route. First optimization mathematics minimize the maximal value of the load of all links by minimizing an upper bound value applied to all links. The full mass of the flow will be split equally across the possible parallel routes. Find the bottleneck links of the first layer see below and fix their load at the found minimum. Minimize similarly the maximal load of all remaining links without the bottleneck links of the first layer. This second iteration further refines the path diversity. Find the bottleneck links of the second layer. Minimize the maximal load of all remaining links, but now without the bottlenecks of the second layer as well. Repeat this iteration until the entire communication footprint is enclosed in the bottlenecks of the constructed layers. At each layer, after minimizing the maximal load of links, the bottlenecks of the layer are discovered in a bottleneck hunting loop. At each iteration of the hunting loop, we minimize the load of the traffic over all links having maximal load and being suspected as bottlenecks. Links not maintaining their load at the maximum are removed from the suspect list. The bottleneck hunting loop stops if there are no more links to remove. The animated image shows capillary routing footprint between a pair of nodes in a mobile ad hoc network. References reflist External links http switzernet.com people emin gabrielyan 060129 capillary documentation Capilary routing documentation Category Routing Category Computer networking Category F ... more details
In computer science , CPU bound or compute bound is when the time for a computer to complete a task is determined principally by the speed of the Central processing unit central processor processor utilization is high, perhaps at 100 usage for many seconds or minutes. Interrupt s generated by peripheral s may be processed slowly, or indefinitely delayed. The concept of CPU bound was developed during early computers, when data paths between computer components were simpler, and it was possible to visually see one component working while another was idle. Example components were CPU, tape drives, hard disks, card readers, and printers. Computers that predominantly used peripherals were characterized as I O bound . Establishing that a computer is frequently CPU bound implies that upgrading the CPU or optimizing code will improve the overall computer performance. With the advent of multiple busses, parallel processing, Computer multitasking multiprogramming , preemption computing preemptive scheduling, advanced graphics cards , advanced sound cards and generally, more decentralized loads, it became less likely to identify one particular component as always being a Bottleneck engineering bottleneck . It is likely that a computer s bottleneck shifts rapidly between components. Furthermore, in modern computers it is possible to have 100 CPU utilization with minimal impact to another component. Finally, tasks required of modern computers often emphasize quite different components, so that resolving a bottleneck for one task may not affect the performance of another. For these reasons, upgrading a CPU does not always have a dramatic effect. The concept of being CPU bound is now one of many factors considered in modern computer performance. References Unreferenced date April 2007 Category Computer performance ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In computer science , a local bus is a computer bus that connects directly, or almost directly, from the Central processing unit CPU to one or more slots on the expansion bus . The significance of direct connection to the CPU is avoiding the bottleneck engineering bottleneck created by the expansion bus, thus providing fast throughput . There are several local buses built into various types of computers to increase the speed of data transfer. Local buses for expanded memory and video boards are the most common. VESA Local Bus is an example of a local bus design. Although VL Bus was later succeeded by Accelerated Graphics Port AGP , it is not correct to categorize AGP as a local bus. Whereas VL Bus operated on the CPU s memory bus at the CPU s clock speed, an AGP peripheral runs at specified clock speeds that run independently of the CPU clock usually using a divider of the CPU clock . DEFAULTSORT Local Bus Compu hardware stub Category Computer buses ko ... more details
In computer science , I O bound refers to a condition in which the time it takes to complete a computation is determined principally by the period spent waiting for input output operations to be completed. This is the opposite of a task being CPU bound . This circumstance arises when the rate at which data is requested is slower than the rate it is consumed or, in other words, more time is spent requesting data than processing it. ref http osr507doc.sco.com en PERFORM ident IO bound.html ref I O bound as an inherent problem in computing misleading date March 2008 I O in this case does not refer to CPU to memory but exclusively CPU to peripheral the whole von Neumann bottleneck story therefore DOES NOT apply to I O bound The I O bound state has been identified as a problem in computing almost since its inception. The Von Neumann architecture , which is employed by many computing devices ever conceived, is based on a logically separate central processor unit which requests data from main memory , Clarify date February 2009 main memory access is not I O access processes it and writes back the results. Since data must be moved between the CPU and memory along a Bus computing bus which has a limited data transfer rate , there exists a condition that is known as the Von Neumann architecture Von Neumann bottleneck Von Neumann bottleneck . Put simply, this means that the data Bandwidth computing bandwidth between the CPU and memory tends to limit the overall speed of computation. In terms of the actual technology that makes up a computer, the Von Neumann Bottleneck predicts that it is easier to make the CPU perform calculations faster than it is to supply it with data at the necessary rate for this to be possible. In recent history, the Von Neumann bottleneck has become more apparent. The design philosophy of modern computers is based upon a physically separate CPU and main memory. It is possible to make the CPU run at a high data transfer rate because data is moved between ... more details
This list includes relevant Bluegrass music Bluegrass , Rockabilly , Country blues , Country rock , Dobro , Slide Guitar , and Pedal Steel Guitar columns list 3 Chet Atkins Jerry Douglas Dobro, Bluegrass B.J. Cole Pedal Steel Bonnie Raitt Bottleneck Leo Kottke Acoustic Arlen Roth Danny Gatton Jerry Donahue Will Ray John Jorgenson Ricky Skaggs Steve Wariner Brent Mason James Burton Scotty Anderson Roy Buchanan Jerry Reed Albert Lee Merle Haggard Carl Perkins Rockabilly Buddy Holly Rockabilly Scotty Moore Rockabilly Ry Cooder Bottleneck Merle Travis Country Roy Clark Country Tony Rice Bluegrass , acoustic Doc Watson Bluegrass , Traditional Country Norman Blake American musician Norman Blake Bluegrass , Traditional Country Clarence White Vince Gill Country Keith Urban Country Dan Crary Bluegrass Joe Maphis Country Mark O Connor Bluegrass Hank Snow Country Les Paul Contemporary , Country Luther Perkins Rockabilly Pete Drake Pedal Steel Don Reno Bluegrass , Country Speedy West Pedal Steel Bob Wootton Country Buddy Emmons Pedal Steel Jerry Byrd Pedal Steel Tom Brumley Pedal Steel Leon McAuliffe Western Swing Glen Campbell Country Travis Tritt Country Brad Paisley Country Category Lists of guitarists Country Music ... more details
. Bottleneck links A Bottleneck 28network 29 bottleneck link for a data flow i is a link that is fully ... ref Note that this definition is substantially different from a common meaning of a bottleneck . Also note, that this definition does not forbid a single bottleneck link to be shared between multiple ... at least one bottleneck link. Progressive filling algorithm If resources are allocated in advance ... have a bottleneck link. This is because they use a saturated link, and all other sources using the saturated ..., all sources have been stopped at some time and thus have a bottleneck link. This allocation is max ... more details
Geomipmapping or geometrical mipmapping is a real time block based terrain rendering algorithm developed by W.H. de Boer in 2000 that aims to reduce CPU processing time which is a common bottleneck in level of detail approaches to terrain rendering. ref geomipmapping Prior to geomipmapping, techniques such as quadtree rendering were used to divide the terrain into square tiles created by binary division with quadradically diminishing size. The subdivison step is typically performed on the CPU which creates a bottleneck as geometry commands are buffered to the GPU. Unlike quadtrees which send 1x1 polygon units to the GPU, to reduce the CPU processing time geomipmapping divides the terrain into grid based tiles which are themselves regularly subdivided. Typically, a fixed number of vertex buffer objects VBOs are stored on the GPU at different grid resolutions, such as 10x10 and 20x20, and then placed at major terrain regions selectively chosen by the CPU. A vertex shader is then used to reposition the vertices for a given VBO, all on the GPU. Overall, this results in a major reduction in CPU processing, and reduced CPU to GPU bandwidth as the GPU then performs most of the work. Geoclipmap s and GPU raycasting are two other modern alternatives to geomipmapping for interactive rendering of terrain. References note geomipmapping de Boer, W.H., Fast Terrain Rendering using Geometrical Mipmapping , in flipCode featured articles, October 2000. Available at http www.flipcode.com tutorials tut geomipmaps.shtml. compu graphics stub Category Computer graphics algorithms ... more details
highway bottleneck Traffic bottlenecks . While doing so, the mean velocity of the downstream front ... through any other state of traffic flow and through any bottleneck while maintaining the velocity ... front of synchronized flow is often fixed at a bottleneck. The term synchronized flow is meant ... constant velocity of the downstream front, moving straight through the freeway bottleneck. According ..., the downstream front of the other pattern is fixed at a bottleneck. According to the definition ... congestion through a bottleneck is necessary. This is often considered as a drawback of the traffic ... between the phases J and S without a study of the propagation of congested traffic through a bottleneck ..., because in measured traffic data after a traffic breakdown at a bottleneck the downstream front of the congested traffic is fixed at the bottleneck. Therefore, the resulting congested traffic ... been free flow at the bottleneck as well as both up and downstream of the bottleneck. This implies ... flow in a neighbourhood of a bottleneck. In contrast, an induced F S phase transition occurs through a disturbance that initially emerged at a different road location downstream from the bottleneck ... or a wide moving jam. An empirical example of an induced breakdown at a bottleneck leading to synchronized ... breakdown Kerner s explanation of traffic breakdown at a highway bottleneck by the F S phase transition is associated with the following fundamental empirical features of traffic breakdown at the bottleneck found in real measured data i Spontaneous traffic breakdown in an initial free flow at the bottleneck leads to the emergence of congested traffic whose downstream front is fixed at the bottleneck ... rates at the bottleneck. iii At the same bottleneck, traffic breakdown can be either spontaneous ... of spontaneous or induced traffic breakdowns at the same freeway bottleneck there is a range of highway capacities at a bottleneck. This range of freeway capacities is between a minimum capacity ... more details
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