Taxobox name Bovinae fossil range Miocene to Recent image Water buffalo bathing.jpg image width 240px image caption domestic Asian Water buffalo water buffalo regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla Taxobox norank entry taxon Ruminantiamorpha subordo Ruminantia infraordo Pecora familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae subfamilia authority John Edward Gray Gray , 1821 subdivision ranks Tribes subdivision Bovini br Boselaphini br Strepsicerotini range map Bovine range.png range map caption Bovine range The biological subfamily Bovinae includes a diverse group of 10 genera of medium to large sized ungulate s, including domestic cattle , the bison , African buffalo , the Bubalus water buffalo , the yak , and the four horned and spiral horned antelopes . The evolutionary relationship between the members of the group is obscure, and their classification into loose tribes rather than formal sub groups reflects this uncertainty. General characteristics include cloven hoof s and usually at least one of the sexes of a species having Horn anatomy true horn s. In most countries, bovids are used for food. Cattle are eaten almost everywhere except in major parts of India and Nepal , where bovids are considered sacred by Hindu s. Evolution Empty section date February 2011 Systematics and classification FAMILY Bovidae BOVIDAE Subfamily Bovinae Tribe Boselaphini Genus Tetracerus Four horned antelope , Tetracerus quadricornis Genus Boselaphus Nilgai or blue bull, Boselaphus tragocamelus not to be confused with the extinct bluebuck Hippotragus leucophaeus , Hippotraginae ... Bovines Category Bovidae Link FA hu als Rinder az k zl r zh min nan Bovinae br Bovinae bg ca Bov cs Tu i da Bovinae de Rinder es Bovinae eo Bovenoj eu Bovinae fr Bovinae hr Goveda id Bovinae it Bovinae he jv Bovinae lv V r u apak dzimta lt Jau iai hu Tulokform k nl Runderen ja no Oksedyr oc Bovinae pl Bovinae pt Bovinos ru scn Buvini simple Bovinae fi Nautael imet ... more details
Taxobox name Eotragus fossil range Early Miocene image Eotragus sansaniensis.JPG image width 250px image caption Eotragus sansaniensis regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae tribus Boselaphini genus Eotragus genus authority Pilgrim , 1939 species E. sansaniensis E. cristatus E. halamagaiensis E. noyei E. artenensis Eotragus is an early bovid from Europe , Africa , and Asia during the Miocene some 20 18 million years ago. It is related to the modern Nilgai and Four horned Antelope . It was small and probably lived in woodland environments. External links http www.helsinki.fi mhaaramo metazoa deuterostoma chordata synapsida eutheria artiodactyla bovioidea boselaphini.html Bovidae Bovinae Boselaphini http paleodb.org cgi bin bridge.pl The Paleobiology Database Category Prehistoric bovids Category Miocene mammals Category Transitional fossils paleo eventoedungulate stub ca Eotragus fr Eotragus it Eotragus ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2007 Image TurnShoe.JPG thumb right 180px A modern reproduction of a medieval turn shoe A turnshoe is a type of shoe made of leather used during the Middle Ages . It was so named because it was put together inside out , and then was turned right side out once finished. This hides the main seam between the sole and vamp upper prolonging the life of the shoe and inhibiting moisture leaking in through the seam. In the very beginning, turnshoes consisted of only one piece of leather sewn on only one side. In the late early and the high medieval ages, turnshoes mostly constisted of one shoe Sole sole bovinae and one piece of shoe Vamp upper vamp caprinae bovinae . In the late Middle Ages, additional elements were added, like doubled soles. Turnshoes were displaced by Welt shoe welted shoe s in the beginning of the 16th century. Turnshoes were most often made in the home. References refs See also Shoe External links http web.me.com leathstitch leathstitch Work For Sale Pages Shoe making.html 3 An example of turnshoe construction Category Shoes shoe stub de Wendeschuh ... more details
Orphan date October 2008 Taxobox name Leptobos fossil range Pleistocene image Leptobos.jpg image width 250px image caption Leptobos etruscus lower jaw and silhouette regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Leptobos genus authority R timeyer , 1878 species L. falconeri L. stenometopon L. syrticus Leptobos is a genus of large Pleistocene bovid found in Europe and Asia . External links http www.helsinki.fi mhaaramo metazoa deuterostoma chordata synapsida eutheria artiodactyla bovioidea boselaphini.html http paleodb.org cgi bin bridge.pl Category Prehistoric bovids Category Pleistocene mammals paleo eventoedungulate stub fr Leptobos ... more details
Taxobox name Bos palaesondaicus status Extinct status system status ref image width 250px image Bibos palaesondaicus Naturalis PeterMaas.JPG image caption Bos palaesondaicus skull at Naturalis . regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Bos species B. palaesondaicus range map range map caption binomial Bos palaesondaicus binomial authority Eug ne Dubois Dubois , 1908 synonyms Bibos palaesondaicus Dubois, 1908 Bos palaesondaicus occurred on Pleistocene Java Indonesia and belongs to the Bovinae subfamily. It has been described by the Dutch people Dutch paleoanthropologist Eug ne Dubois in 1908 ref name Dubois1908 Dubois, E. 1908 . Das Geologische Alter der Kendengoder TrinilFauna. Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardr. Gen., ser. 2, vol. 25, pp. 12351270, pl. 39. ref . The holotype of Bos palaesondaicus is a skull from Trinil . This species is the likely ancestor to the banteng Bos javanicus . ref name Hooijer1958A Hooijer, D.A. 1958a . Fossil Bovidae from the Malay archipelago and the Punjab, Zoologische Verhandelingen van de Museum Leiden 38 1 112. ref ref name Hooijer1958B Hooijer, D. A. 1958b . Sexual differences in the skull of fossil and recent banteng. Mammalia 22 73 75. ref References Reflist Use dmy dates date November 2010 DEFAULTSORT Bos Palaesondaicus Category Bovines Category Extinct animals of Indonesia Category Prehistoric mammals of Asia Bos, palaesondaicus Category Prehistoric bovids Bos, palaesondaicus Category Pleistocene mammals Bos, Palaesondaicus paleo eventoedungulate stub es Bos palaesondaicus ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Bos acutifrons status Fossil regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Bos species B. acutifrons binomial Bos acutifrons binomial authority Richard Lydekker Lydekker , 1898 Bos acutifrons is the most ancient representative of the genus Bos . Bos acutifrons lived till in the middle of the Pleistocene still in India . It is widely accepted that from this species all later species arose. Between 1.5 and 2 million years ago the aurochs descended probably from this species. References Van Vuure, Cis. 2003. De Oeros Het spoor terug, Cis van Vuure, Wageningen University and Research Centrum Ministry of the Flemish Community, Brussels & Wageningen. Van Vuure, C. 2005. Retracing the Aurochs History, Morphology and Ecology of an extinct wild ox. Sofia Moscow Pensoft Publishing. Category Bovines Category Prehistoric bovids Category Prehistoric mammals of Asia Category Pleistocene mammals vi Bos acutifrons eu Bos acutifrons zh ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Bos planifrons status Fossil regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Bos species B. planifrons binomial Bos planifrons binomial authority Richard Lydekker Lydekker , 1878 Bos planifrons flat fronted cattle was a bovine species from the Siwalik Hills Siwaliks of India and Pakistan . It may have been the ancestor of the Indian Aurochs Bos primigenius namadicus . Its type is a skull. References Zong, G. 1984. A record of Bos primigenius from the Quaternary of the Aba Tibetan Autonomous Region. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, Volume XXII No. 3 pp. 239 245. Translated by Will Downs, April 1991. http www.nau.edu qsp will downs 79.Bos.pdf Online pdf 62 kB Category Bovines Category Prehistoric bovids Category Prehistoric mammals of Asia Category Pleistocene mammals vi B tr n ph ng zh ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Taxobox name Kipsigicerus fossil range fossil range Middle Miocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae tribus Boselaphini genus Kipsigicerus genus authority Kipsigicerus is an extinct genus of East Africa n antelope from the Middle Miocene . ref cite web last Tsujikawa first Hiroshi title The updated late miocene large mammal fauna from Samburu hills, northern kenya url http jambo.africa.kyoto u.ac.jp kiroku asm suppl abstracts pdf ASM s32 1 50.pdf work African Study Monographs, Supplement volume 32 date 2005 12 accessdate 2008 07 27 ref Its closest living relative is the Four horned Antelope four horned antelope . Sources Classification of Mammals by Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell References reflist portal Paleontology Category Prehistoric bovids Category Miocene mammals paleo eventoedungulate stub ... more details
Taxobox name Bovini image Water buffalo bathing.jpg image width 240px image caption Water Buffalo regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae tribus Bovini tribus authority John Edward Gray Gray , 1821 subdivision ranks Genus Genera subdivision Bison br Bos br Bubalus br Pseudoryx br Syncerus The Bovini tribe is made up of large to very large grazers, including large animals of great economic significance to humans in Domestic Cattle , Domestic buffalo , and the Yak , as well as smaller Asian relatives, and large free roaming bovids in the African Buffalo and the American Bison . Evolution The closest relations to this tribe are the Boselaphini and Strepsicerotini Tragelaphini tribes. The common ancestor of all the Bovini species appears to have lived about 5 8 million years ago. The first clade to diverge was the buffalo clade Bubalus and Syncerus species . This was followed by the banteng gaur mithan clade and the domestic cattle clade. A fourth clade leading to the bison and yak species may also exist. ref name Maceachern2009 Maceachern S., McEwan J., Goddard M. 2009 http www.biomedcentral.com 1471 2164 10 177 abstract Phylogenetic reconstruction and the identification of ancient polymorphism in the Bovini tribe Bovidae, Bovinae . BMC Genomics 10 1 177 ref Taxonomy Family Bovidae Sub Family Bovinae Tribe Bovini Genus Bubalus Water Buffalo , Bubalus bubalis Lowland Anoa , Bubalus depressicornis Mountain Anoa , Bubalus quarlesi Tamaraw , Bubalus mindorensis Genus Bos Aurochs , Bos primigenius extinct Bos javanicus Banteng , Bos javanicus Gaur , Bos gaurus Gayal , Bos frontalis domestic gaur Yak , Bos mutus Domestic Cattle , Bos taurus increasingly considered a subspecies of Bos primigenius Zebu , Bos indicus Kouprey , Bos sauveli Genus Pseudoryx Saola , Pseudoryx nghetinhensis Genus Syncerus African Buffalo , Syncerus caffer Genus Bison American Bison , Bison bison Wisent , Bison bonasus Steppe Wi ... more details
Taxobox name Strepsicerotini image Taurotragus oryx.jpg image width 240px image caption Common Eland regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae tribus Strepsicerotini subdivision ranks Genus Genera subdivision See text Where the Boselaphini and Bovini are mostly Asian, members of the Strepsicerotini tribe, the spiral horned antelopes , are found only on the continent of Africa . This group tends to large size, a lighter build, longer necks and considerable sexual dimorphism . Eight of the 10 species are of conservation concern, being classified as lower risk, conservation dependent, the remaining two, the Common Eland and the Giant Eland are secure. Family Bovidae Subfamily Bovinae Tribe Strepsicerotini Genus Tragelaphus antelope antelope like Sitatunga , Tragelaphus spekeii Nyala , Tragelaphus angasii Bushbuck , Tragelaphus sylvaticus K wel , Tragelaphus scriptus Mountain Nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni Lesser Kudu , Tragelaphus imberbis Greater Kudu , Tragelaphus strepsiceros Bongo antelope Bongo , Tragelaphus eurycerus Genus Taurotragus Common Eland , Taurotragus oryx Giant Eland , Taurotragus derbianus The above is considered the traditional taxonomy for the spiral horned antelope group, but recently the relationships between the various species has changed somewhat. The Lesser Kudu is now considered the most basal member of the group followed by the Nyala, then the Greater Kudu, both species of Eland, and all other groups of Spiral Horned Antelope group together. This has led to a change in taxonomy for several of the members of the group. Assuming that the Elands Taurotragus are a separate genus, which most biologists seem to agree on, then all the more basal members of the group are deserving of their own genus. What was consider two genera is now considered five. Family Bovidae Subfamily Bovinae Tribe Strepsicerotini Genus Ammelaphus Lesser Kudu Genus Nyala Nyala Genus Strepsiceros Greater Kudu ... more details
italic title Taxobox color khaki name Babesia divergens image regnum Protist a phylum Apicomplexa classis Aconoidasida ordo Piroplasmasina familia Babesiidae genus Babesia species B. divergens binomial Babesia divergens Babesia divergens is an red blood cell intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite, transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus . It is the main agent of bovinae bovine babesiosis , or redwater fever , in Europe. Young cattle are less susceptible. The current emphasis in Europe on sustainable agriculture and extensification is likely to lead to an increase in Vector epidemiology vector tick populations with increased risk of infection. It is not only a cause of significant loss to the cattle industry it can also infect immunodeficiency immunocompromised humans, causing medical emergencies characterized by rapid fulmination and parasitemias that may exceed 70 . References Zintl A, Mulcahy G, Skerrett HE, Taylor SM, Gray JS. 2003 Babesia divergens , a bovine blood parasite of veterinary and zoonotic importance. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 16 4 622 636 Category Apicomplexa Category Parasitic protists Category bovine diseases Category Veterinary protozoology parasite stub ja pl Babesia divergens zh ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2007 Taxobox name African Forest Buffalo image African Forest Buffalo.jpg status ref VU regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Syncerus species Syncerus caffer S. caffer subspecies S. caffer nanus trinomial Syncerus caffer nanus trinomial authority The African Forest Buffalo Syncerus caffer nanus is smaller than the Cape Buffalo , with horns that curves out backwards and upwards. Usually weighing convert 265 565 kg , they are reddish brown in color. Its native habitat is the equatorial forest found in central and western Africa , and its diet consists primarily of grass es, twigs, and young shoots. African Forest Buffalo are sought after by hunters for their meat and horns. In the wild, leopard s are its primary predator . JZool271 178. commonscat Syncerus caffer nanus Category Bovines Category Mammals of Africa Category Fauna of Sierra Leone even toed ungulate stub cs Buvol pralesn es Syncerus caffer nanus fr Buffle nain hu V r s bivaly nl Bosbuffel pl Baw le ny ru ... more details
Taxobox name Boselaphini image Nilgai.jpg image width 240px image caption Nilgai regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae tribus Boselaphini tribus authority subdivision ranks Genus Genera subdivision Tetracerus Boselaphus and see Genera text . Boselaphini is a tribe biology tribe of antelope s belonging to the subfamily Bovinae of the family biology family Bovidae . It contains only two extant taxon extant genus genera . Description The Boselaphini or four horned antelope tribe are the last survivors of a form very similar to that of the ancestors of the entire subfamily. The oldest fossil members of the tribe, such as Eotragus , date to the Miocene about 16 to 18 million years ago. Such fossils possessed horns very similar to those of males belonging to the two living species, although in some cases, they were also present in females. ref name Kostopoulos2005 cite journal author Kostopoulos, D.S. year 2005 title The Bovidae Mammalia, Artiodactyla from the late Miocene of Akka da i, Turkey journal Geodiversitas volume 27 issue 4 url http www.mnhn.fr museum front medias publication 6877 g05n4a11.pdf pages 747 791 ref Both extant species have relatively primitive anatomical and behavioural characteristics and the females have no horns. They are native to the rapidly diminishing forests of India , and tend to avoid open plains. The nilgai has been introduced into southern Texas where a population of a little under 15,000 animals provides some long term insurance for its survival. citation needed date March 2011 Genera The following are the genera classified under the tribe. Genera marked with are extinct. ref cite web author Haaramo, M. title Mikko s Phylogency Archive Boselaphini url http www.helsinki.fi mhaaramo metazoa deuterostoma chordata synapsida eutheria artiodactyla bovioidea boselaphini.html accessdate 25 March 2011 ref Tribe Boselaphini Boselaphus Boselaphus tragocamelus Nilgai or blue ... more details
Taxobox image Water buffalo bathing.jpg image width 240px image caption Bubalus bubalis regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Bubalus genus authority Charles Hamilton Smith C.H. Smith , 1827 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Bubalus bubalis br Bubalus depressicornis br Bubalus quarlesi br Bubalus mindorensis br Bubalus cebuensis Bubalus is a genus of bovine s, whose English name is buffalo. Species that belong to this genus are Subgenus Bubalus Water Buffalo , Bubalus bubalis Carabao , Bubalus bubalis carabanesis Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis bubalis Wild Asian Water Buffalo , Bubalus arnee Bubalus cebuensis Cebu Dwarf buffalo Bubalus cebuensis Short horned Water Buffalo , Bubalus mephistopheles Tamaraw , Bubalus mindorensis European Water Buffalo , Bubalus murrensis Subgenus Anoa Lowland Anoa , Bubalus depressicornis Mountain Anoa , Bubalus quarlesi File Bubalus murrensis.JPG thumb left Bubalus murrensis fossil Some zoologist s split the Water Buffalo into two or three species, the Domestic Asian Water Buffalo , the Philippines Carabao and the Wild Asian Water Buffalo , a rare endangered species which is the domestic buffalo s ancestor. Dwarf Buffalo The Tamaraw , Anoa and extinct Bubalus cebuensis are all island dwarfism island dwarf species of Bubalus . Citation needed date April 2011 See also List of Domestic Asian Water buffalo breeds Wikisource1911Enc Buffalo animal Artiodactyla R.4 Category Bovines Category Herbivorous animals az Asiya cam lar br Bubalus bg ca Bubalus cs Asijsk buvol de Asiatische B ffel es Bubalus eo Bubalo fr Bubalus ga Buabhall gd Buabhall ilo Nuang it Bubalus he ka la Bubalus lv Bife i lt Azijiniai buivolai hu Bubalus ce Goma pl Bubalus pt B falo ro Bubalus ru sk Bubalus sv Bubalus tl Bubalus uk vi Chi Tr u zh ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Taxobox name Grazing antelopes image Sable bull.jpg image width 200px image caption Hippotragus niger regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Hippotraginae subfamilia authority Victor Brooke Brooke , 1876 subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Hippotragus br Oryx br Addax A grazing antelope is any of the species of antelope that make up the subfamily Hippotraginae in the family biology family Bovidae , which also includes sheep, goats, and cattle. FAMILY Bovidae BOVIDAE Subfamily Bovinae cattle and spiral horned antelopes, 28 species in 10 genera Subfamily Cephalophinae duikers, 19 species in 2 genera Subfamily Hippotraginae Genus Hippotragus Roan Antelope , Hippotragus equinus Sable Antelope , Hippotragus niger Giant Sable Antelope Hippotragus niger varani Bluebuck , Hippotragus leucophaeus extinct Genus Oryx East African Oryx , Oryx beisa Scimitar Oryx , Oryx dammah Gemsbok , Oryx gazella Arabian Oryx , Oryx leucoryx Genus Addax Addax , Addax nasomaculatus Subfamily Antilopinae gazelles, dwarf antelopes and the Saiga, 38 species in 14 genera Subfamily Caprinae sheep, goats, and allies Subfamily Reduncinae waterbucks, reedbucks, 8 species in 2 genera Subfamily impala Aepycerotinae impala, 1 species in 1 genus Subfamily Grey Rhebok Peleinae rhebok, 1 species in 1 genus Subfamily Alcelaphinae wildebeest, haartbeast, 7 species in 5 genera Commons category Hippotraginae Wikispecies Hippotraginae Artiodactyla R.2 DEFAULTSORT Grazing Antelope Category Bovidae Category Grazing antelopes az Q l ncbuynuz antiloplar bg br Hippotraginae ca Hipotrag da Hippotraginae de Pferdeb cke es Hippotraginae fr Hippotraginae it Hippotraginae he ka lt Arklin s antilop s hu L antilopform k nl Paardantilopen ja pl Hippotraginae pt Hippotraginae ru fi Hevosantiloopit sv Gr s tande antiloper uk zh ... more details
Taxobox name Gayal status image Gayal Bos frontalis .png image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Bos species B. frontalis range map range map caption binomial Bos frontalis binomial authority Aylmer Bourke Lambert Lambert , 1804 Gayal or mithun Bos frontalis is the Domestication domestic gaur . Taxonomy In his first description of 1804, Aylmer Bourke Lambert applied the Binomial nomenclature binomial Bos frontalis to a domestic specimen probably from Chittagong . ref Ellerman, J. R., Morrison Scott, T. C. S. 1966 http www.archive.org stream checklistofindia00elle page 380 mode 2up Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946 . Second edition. London British Museum of Natural History. Page 380 ref In 2003, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature has fixed the first available specific name zoology specific name based on a wild population that the name for this wild species is valid by virtue of its being antedated by a name based on a domestic form. Most authors have adopted the binomial Bos frontalis for the domestic species as valid for the taxon . ref Gentry, A. Clutton Brock, J., Groves, C. P. 2004 http arts.anu.edu.au grovco J 20Arch 20Sci.pdf The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives . Journal of Archaeological Science 31 645 651 ref In culture File Mithun.jpg thumb left 300px Mithun To the Adi people Bangni Bokar Lhoba s , the possession of gaur is the traditional measure of a family s wealth. In the Adi language, gaur are called tadok and in Apatani and Nishi called subu often referred to as mithun . Gaur are not milked or put to work but given supplementary care while grazing in the woods, until they are slaughtered in ritual or for the local consumption. The gaur, or mithun as it is commonly known in the northeast region of India , is the state animal of Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland . References Reflist Category Bo ... more details
Merge from Kudu date June 2011 Italic title Unreferenced type animal auto yes date December 2009 Taxobox name Tragelaphus image Tragelaphus strepsiceros Chobe River front, Botswana 8.jpg image width 300px image caption An adult male Greater Kudu by the Chobe River , Botswana regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae tribus Strepsicerotini genus Tragelaphus genus authority Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville Blainville , 1816 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Nyala T. angasii br Mountain Nyala T. buxtoni br Bongo antelope T. eurycerus br Lesser Kudu T. imberbis br K wel T. scriptus br Sitatunga T. spekeii br Greater Kudu T. strepsiceros br Imbabala T. sylvaticus The genus Tragelaphus contains several species of bovine , all of which are relatively antelope like. Species in this genus tend to be large sized, lightly built, have long necks and considerable sexual dimorphism . The Common Eland Taurotragus oryx was once classified in this genus as T. oryx . The name Tragelaphus comes from the mythical hircocervus tragelaph . File Deer Goat.jpg thumb Tragelaphus or Deer Goat Species Genus Tragelaphus Bongo antelope Bongo Tragelaphus eurycerus Greater Kudu Tragelaphus strepsiceros Imbabala Tragelaphus sylvaticus see Bushbuck K wel Tragelaphus scriptus Lesser Kudu Tragelaphus imberbis Mountain Nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni Nyala Tragelaphus angasii Sitatunga Tragelaphus spekeii Commons Artiodactyla R.4 Category Bovines eventoedungulate stub az Me antilopu br Tragelaphus ca Tragelaphus cs Tragelaphus de Tragelaphus es Tragelaphus fr Tragelaphus it Tragelaphus he sw Tandala lt Sraigtarag s antilop s hu Tragelaphus ja pl Tragelaphus pt Tragelaphus ru ss Impalampala sv Tragelaphus uk zh ... more details
Image CominoValley.jpg thumb right 300px View in the Valle di Comino. The Comino Valley , or Valle di Comino, is a valley located in the province of Frosinone , in central Italy. It runs from San Biagio Saracinisco to Vicalvi and is adjacent to the Abruzzi mountains. It grossly corresponds to the River Melfa s upper valley, which runs through it before joining the Liri River . Its economy is based on the production of wine, olive oil, cheese and wheat, and on animal husbandry domestic sheep sheep and bovinae . History According to tradition, the name of the valley can be traced to ancient Cominium, destroyed in 293 BC. In Livy s History of Rome , there are early references to Cominium as the site of a battle between the Samnites and the ancient Rome Romans . Some suggest that the town of San Donato Val di Comino San Donato is the ancient Cominium, others believe the battle site was at Vicalvi . The area was however already settled in prehistoric times later it was inhabited by Oscan Osco Sabelli an tribes. Its main center was Atina FR Atina , mantioned in Virgil s Aeneid . In the Middle Ages, numerous castles were built in the valley, which was part of the Lombards Lombard Duchy of Spoleto , the Principality of Capua and the county of Aquino , until it became part of the Italo Normans Norman unified Kingdom of Naples . For a period it was also contented between the monasteries of Monte Cassino and San Vincenzo al Volturno . Later it was a fief of families such as the Aquino, Cantelmo , Borgia and Gallio family Gallio . References Livy s The History of Rome http etext.lib.virginia.edu toc modeng public Liv1His.html http www.valledicomino.it Valle di Comino website Paolo Tullio s North of Naples , South of Rome ISBN 0312243170 coord missing Italy Category Valleys of Lazio Comino Lazio geo stub it Valle di Comino nn Valle di Comino ... more details
Taxobox name Murrah Water Buffalo image Murrah buffalo.JPG image caption Murrah buffaloes in the Philippine Carabao Center PCC at its Central Mindanao University CMU facility in Maramag, Bukidnon . regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo even toed ungulate Artiodactyla familia Bovid ae subfamilia Bovinae tribus Bovini genus Bubalus species B. bubalis binomial Bubalus bubalis binomial authority Linnaeus , 1758 The Murrah breed of Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis is a breed of domestic water buffalo kept for dairy production. It is originally from Punjab India Punjab and Haryana states of India and Punjab Pakistan Punjab province of Pakistan , but has been used to improve the milk production of dairy buffalo in other countries, such as Italy , Bulgaria and Egypt . In Italy , it is the basis of Mozzarella cheese production, and therefore Italian Pizza . By Italian law, Mozzarella may only be made from Domestic buffalo Importance to humans buffalo milk , which is preferred for its very high butterfat content, up to 16 compared with 4 for European Bos taurus dairy breeds such as Jersey cattle and 8 for Zebu Bos indicus breeds such as Sahiwal cattle Sahiwal . Appearance File B falo Murrah.JPG thumb Murrah Buffalo in Brazilian Farm It seems to cry Jet black in colour, sometimes with white markings on face or legs. Bulls weigh 550 kg and cows 450 kg ref cite web url http www.ansi.okstate.edu breeds other buffalo murrah index.htm title Murrah work ansi.okstate.edu ref . In Brazil this breed of buffalo is very used for production of meat and also milk. They are docile and productive animals. References reflist Category Water buffalo breeds Category Haryana Category Animal breeds originating in India Category Animal breeds originating in Pakistan cattle stub ... more details
Taxobox name Taurotragus image Taurotragus oryx captive .jpg image width image caption Taurotragus oryx regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Taurotragus genus authority Wagner, 1855 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Taurotragus oryx br Taurotragus derbianus Taurotragus , commonly called Eland , is a genus of antelope s of the African savannah , containing two species the Common Eland and the Giant Eland . The elands are the largest African antelopes. Males range in size from 600 to 800 kg 1300 1760 lb and may even reach a ton on rare occasions females range from 400 to 600 kg 880 1300 lb . The meat of the eland contains more protein than cattle meat and less fat , and eland milk has a very high calcium level. For this reason, eland have undergone selection for meat quality and milk quantity in the Askaniya Nova Zoological Park in Ukraine . However, domestication of the animal in Europe to take advantage of their nutritional value has thus far been unsuccessful. ref Diamond, Guns, Germs and Steel 1997 , pp. 167 ref The common eland is farmed in some parts of Africa, where it is well adapted to local conditions. See also Taurotragus derbianus Gray, 1847 Giant Eland Taurotragus oryx Pallas, 1766 Common Eland Notes Reflist Artiodactyla R.4 Category Bovines Even toed ungulate stub az Maral k zl r br Taurotragus bg ca Taurotragus de Elenantilopen es Taurotragus fr Taurotragus he sw Pofu jenasi hu Taurotragus ja pl Taurotragus ru sv Elandantiloper zh yue ... more details
Taxobox name Bison latifrons image Bison latifrons.JPG image caption Bison latifrons skull at the AMNH fossil range Fossilrange Pleistocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Bison species B. latifrons binomial Bison latifrons binomial authority Richard Harlan Harlan , 1825 Bison latifrons is an extinct https www.dmr.nd.gov ndfossil education pdf bison.pdf species of bison that lived in North America during the Pleistocene . Also known as the giant bison , it reached a shoulder height of 2.5 metres 8.5 feet , and had horns that spanned over 2 metres 6.5 feet . The known dimensions of the species are much larger than either extant species of bison it was approximately twice the body size and other extant large bovids, and B. latifrons may be the largest bovid in the fossil record. ref https www.dmr.nd.gov ndfossil education pdf bison.pdf ref References http www.paleocraft.com paleobison.html At Paleocraft.com http www.royalsaskmuseum.ca research faqs ex 9.shtml Cast at Royal Saskatchewan Museum Reflist Category Bison Category Prehistoric bovids Category Pleistocene mammals Category Pleistocene extinctions Category Prehistoric mammals of North America Category Megafauna of North America paleo eventoedungulate stub ar ca Bison latifrons es Bison latifrons eu Bison latifrons fr Bison latifrons it Bison latifrons hu Hossz szarv b l ny nl Bison latifrons no Kjempebison pt Bis o de cornos longos ... more details
Taxobox fossil range Pleistocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Bison species B. occidentalis binomial Bison occidentalis binomial authority Lucas, 1898 ref cite journal title Holocene Bison occidentalis from Iowa author Stephen Austin Hall journal Journal of Mammalogy volume 53 issue 3 year 1972 pages 604 606 jstor 1379052 ref Bison occidentalis is an extinct species of bison that lived in North America during the Pleistocene . It probably evolved from Bison priscus . B. occidentalis was smaller and smaller horned than the steppe bison. Unlike any bison before it, its horns pointed upward, parallel to the plane of its face from nose to forehead, instead of pointing forward through that plane. Around 5,000 years ago, B. occidentalis was replaced by today s smaller Bison bison . It has been theorized that B. occidentalis declined in numbers because of competition with other grass eaters of the megafauna epoch. ref cite book title American Bison A Natural History last Lott first Dale F. authorlink coauthors year 2002 publisher University of California Press location Berkeley isbn 0520233387 pages url ref References CanJEarthSci45 827. reflist Category Bison Category Prehistoric bovids Category Pleistocene mammals Category Prehistoric mammals of North America Category Holocene extinctions Category Megafauna of North America Category Fossil taxa described in 1898 paleo eventoedungulate stub ar ca Bison occidentalis eu Bison occidentalis nl Bison occidentalis ... more details
into two clades, the Boodontia with the Bovinae as sole members and the Aegodontia composed of all ... Bovinae without change and Antilopinae with all of the Aegodontid subfamilies as tribes within it . Among ... phylogeny . The Bovinae, for example, are Monophyly monophyletic and Basal phylogenetics basal ... ref Classification Family Bovidae Subfamily Bovinae cattle, buffaloes and spiral horned antelopes ... more details
Taxobox name Situtunga image Sitatunga Tragelaphus spekei gratus RB1.jpg status LC status system IUCN3.1 status ref ref name iucn IUCN2008 assessors IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group year 2008 id 22050 title Tragelaphus spekeii downloaded 29 March 2009 Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern. ref regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Tragelaphus species T. spekeii binomial Tragelaphus spekeii binomial authority Philip Sclater Sclater , 1863 The situtunga or marshbuck Tragelaphus spekii is a swamp swamp dwelling antelope found throughout Central Africa , centering on the Democratic Republic of the Congo , Cameroon and parts of Southern Sudan as well as in Ghana , Botswana , Zambia , Gabon , Tanzania , Uganda and Kenya . Description Situtunga stand about one and a half metres at the shoulder. Situtunga have a water proof coat which is dark brown in males and reddish brown in females. Both sexes have white stripes and spots as well as white splotches on their faces. Their hooves are long and thin to deal with the Situtunga s swampy habitat ecology habitat . Males have a mane as well as horns, which are twisted and can reach almost a metre in length. Behavior Situtunga live in Cyperus papyrus papyrus swamps and are very good swimmers. They may take to the water to evade predators such as leopards or wild dogs, lying submerged in pools with only their nostrils above the surface. They are crepuscular although they are also somewhat active at night and day. Situtunga can be wikt solitary solitary females tend to stick in herds while males become mostly solitary after mating. References reflist commons Tragelaphus spekei External links http www.awf.org wildlives 186 African Wildlife Fund Artiodactyla R.4 Category Bovines Category Mammals of Africa Category Mammals of Zambia Category Fauna of West Africa Category Fauna of East Africa Category Mammal ... more details
Taxobox name Mountain Nyala image Tragelaphus buxtoni.jpg status EN trend unknown status system iucn3.1 status ref ref name iucn IUCN2008 assessors Sillero Zubiri, C. year 2008 id 22046 title Tragelaphus buxtoni downloaded 29 March 2009 Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of endangered. ref regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Tragelaphus species T. buxtoni binomial Tragelaphus buxtoni binomial authority Richard Lydekker Lydekker , 1910 The Mountain Nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni found in Oromia, Ethiopia as gadumsa, is an antelope found in high altitude woodland in a small part of central Ethiopia . Mountain Nyala were named for their similarity to the Nyala but they are now considered closer relatives of the Kudu . Mountain Nyala stand around a metre at the shoulder and weigh 150 to 300 kilograms, males being considerably larger than females. Mountain Nyala have grey brown coats sometimes with poorly defined white stripes and splotches, their coats darken as they age, the underside is lighter than the rest of the coat. Males have horns which twist one or two times and average slightly less than a metre in length. Mountain Nyala are endemic to the Ethiopian highlands southeast of the Main Ethiopian Rift Rift Valley , between 6 N and 10 N. Their former range was from Mount Gara Muleta in the east to Shashamene woreda Shashamene and the northern Bale Zone to the south currently, the main area of distribution is the Bale Mountains National Park . Within this range, the Mountain Nyala prefer woodland, heath, and scrub at altitudes of at least 2000 metres above sea level sometimes wandering as high as 4000 metres. Mountain Nyala mainly eat herbs and shrubs . Mountain Nyala live in groups of about four to six animals sometimes ranging to thirteen and occasionally more, these groups are mainly females and calves often with one old male. There are about 2500 Mounta ... more details
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