Unreferenced date December 2009 Taxobox name Waterbucks, Reedbucks fossil range Late Miocene to Recent image Uganda Kob.jpg image width 250px image caption Kob regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Reduncinae subfamilia authority Meyer, 1907 subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Kobus antelope Kobus br Reedbuck Redunca The subfamily Reduncinae is composed 8 species of antelope all of which dwell in marsh es, floodplain s or other well watered areas, including the waterbuck s and reedbuck s. These antelopes first appeared in fossil record 7.4 million years ago in Eurasia and 6.6 Mya unit mya in Africa . FAMILY Bovidae BOVIDAE Subfamily Bovinae cattle and spiral horned antelopes, 24 species in 9 genera Subfamily duiker Cephalophinae duikers, 19 species in 2 genera Subfamily grazing antelope Hippotraginae grazing antelopes, 23 species in 11 genera Subfamily Antilopinae gazelles, dwarf antelopes and the saiga, 38 species in 14 genera Subfamily goat antelope Caprinae sheep, goats, 26 species in 12 genera Subfamily Reduncinae Genus Kobus antelope Kobus Upemba lechwe , Kobus anselli Waterbuck , Kobus ellipsiprymnus Kob , Kobus kob Lechwe , Kobus leche Nile Lechwe , Kobus megaceros Puku , Kobus vardonii Genus Reedbuck Redunca Southern Reedbuck , Redunca arundinum Mountain Reedbuck , Redunca fulvorufula Bohor Reedbuck , Redunca redunca Subfamily impala Aepycerotinae impala, 1 species in 1 genus Subfamily Grey Rhebok Peleinae rhebok, 1 species in 1 genus Subfamily Alcelaphinae wildebeest, 7 species in 4 genera Alternate sub classification Adenota is an alternate genus or sub genus composed of kob and puku. Nowak 1991 Artiodactyla R.2 Category Marsh antelopes Category Bovidae az Su ke il ri bg br Reduncinae ca Redunc cs Bahnivci da Reduncini de Reduncinae es Reduncinae fr Reduncinae it Reduncinae he kk lt Vandeniniai o iai hu N diantilop form k nl Rietbokken en waterbokken pl Reduncinae ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Cebu tamaraw fossil range fossil range Pleistocene Holocene Pleistocene Holocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Bubalus species B. cebuensis binomial Bubalus cebuensis binomial authority Croft, Heaney, Flynn, and Bautista, 2006 The Cebu tamaraw Bubalus cebuensis is a fossil dwarf buffalo discovered in the Philippines , and first described in 2006. Anatomy and morphology The most distinctive feature of B. cebuensis was its small size. Large contemporary domestic water buffalo stand two metres roughly six ft at the shoulder and can weigh up to one tonne around 2,000 lbs , B. cebuensis would have stood only 75 cm about 2 ft 6 in and weighed about 150 to 160 kg around 300 lbs , smaller than another dwarf species Bubalus mindorensis B. mindorensis . ref name Croft Croft, D.A. L. R. Heaney, J. J. Flynn, and A. P. Bautista. 2006. FOSSIL REMAINS OF A NEW, DIMINUTIVE BUBALUS ARTIODACTYLA BOVIDAE BOVINI FROM CEBU ISLAND, PHILIPPINES. Journal of Mammalology 87 1037 1051 ref ref name terra cite web url www.terradaily.com reports New Dwarf Buffalo Discovered By Chance In The Philippines 999.html title New Dwarf Buffalo Discovered By Chance In The Philippines date October 18, 2006 publisher TerraDaily ref The fossil specimen is likely Pleistocene or Holocene in age. ref name Croft Evolutionary history The fossil was discovered in a horizontal tunnel in soft karst at approximately 50 m elevation in K Hill near Balamban, Cebu Island , Philippines by mining engineer Michael Armas. ref http www.eurekalert.org pub releases 2006 10 fm ndb100606.php New dwarf buffalo discovered by chance in the Philippines , EurekAlert, October 17, 2006 ref The fossil was donated to America s Field Museum where it stayed un analysed for almost 50 years. See also Tamaraw Bubalus mindorensis References reflist Category Bovines Category Prehistoric bovids Category Prehistoric mammals of Asia Ca ... more details
For other people by the same name Eric Hansen disambiguation nofootnotes date March 2009 Eric Hansen is a travel writer, most famous for his book Stranger in the Forest On Foot Across Borneo , about a 4,000 km trek through the heartland of Borneo . He lives in San Francisco . For 25 years he has traveled throughout Europe , the Middle East , Australia , Nepal , and Southeast Asia . He lived in the deserts , jungles , rain forest s and islands of the Middle East and Asia throughout the 1980s and has worked as a goldsmith , a Bovinae buffalo catcher, a pig farmer , a wild dog hunter and as a barber in Mother Teresa s Home for the Destitute Dying in Calcutta . His articles, photographs, and reviews have appeared in the New York Times , National Geographic Society National Geographic , Travel and Leisure , Cond Nast Traveler , and Outside magazine Outside magazine , among other publications worldwide. Hansen is a graduate of the University of California , where he studied industrial art and environmental design . Hansen was interviewed by Michael Feldman on the latter s Whad Ya Know? radio show. Works Stranger in the Forest book Stranger in the Forest 1988 Motoring with Mohammed 1991 The Traveler An American Odyssey in the Himalayas 1993 Orchid Fever 2000 The Bird Man and the Lap Dancer 2004 References cite news author Tim Cahill authorlink Tim Cahill writer title Taken for a Beast in the Jungle date 1988 03 06 work New York Times url http query.nytimes.com gst fullpage.html?res 940DE2D61131F935A35750C0A96E948260&sec &spon &pagewanted 1 accessdate 2008 08 05 External links http www.nationalgeographic.com adventure 0404 adventure books 40 59.html National Geographic s 100 Greatest Adventure Books of All Time http www.concierge.com cntraveler articles 11341 Cond Nast Traveler 86 Greatest Travel Books of All Time http www.cnyos.org hansenletter.html Open Letter Regarding Kew Gardens Allegations http www.rolfpotts.com writers index.php?writer Eric Hansen Intervi ... more details
This article refers to the animal. For the Indonesian made military vehicle see Anoa Armoured Personnel Carrier . Taxobox name Anoa status EN status system IUCN3.1 image Lowland Anoa Drawing historic.jpg image caption Lowland Anoa image width 300px regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Bubalus species B. quarlesi br B. depressicornis binomial Bubalus quarlesi binomial authority Ouwens, 1910 binomial2 Bubalus depressicornis binomial2 authority H. Smith, 1827 Anoa , also known as midget buffalo and sapiutan , are a subgenus of Bubalus comprising two species native to Indonesia the mountain anoa Bubalus quarlesi and the lowland anoa Bubalus depressicornis . Both live in undisturbed rainforest, and are essentially miniature Domestic buffalo water buffalo . They are similar in appearance to a deer, weighing convert 150 300 kg lb . Both are found on the island of Sulawesi and the nearby island of Buton in Indonesia . They apparently live singly or in pairs, rather than in herds like most cattle, except when the cows are about to give birth. One young is born per year. Both species of anoa have been classified as endangered since the 1960s and the population continues to decrease. It is believed unlikely that there are more than 5000 animals of each species remaining. Reasons for the decline of the anoa include hunting for hide, horns and meat by the local peoples and loss of habitat due to the advancement of settlement. Currently, hunting is the more serious factor in most areas. Lowland anoa Image Lowland anoa.jpg thumb left Lowland anoa The lowland anoa Bubalus depressicornis is a small bovid, standing barely over convert 90 cm in at the shoulder. They are also known as anoa de Ilanura or anoa des plaines. It is most closely allied to the larger Asiatic buffaloes, showing the same reversal of the direction of the hair on the back. The horns are peculiar for their upright direction and compa ... more details
Taxobox name Steppe bison image Steppe Bison.jpg image width 250px image caption Bison priscus skeleton fossil range Irvingtonian to Late Pleistocene fossilrange 1.8 0.011 regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Bison species B. priscus binomial Bison priscus binomial authority Ludwig Heinrich Bojanus Bojanus , 1827 Image Bison skull.jpg thumb left Bison priscus skull Image AltamiraBison.jpg thumb left Cave painting in Altamira, Spain The steppe bison ref name priscus http www.beringia.com research bison.html Steppe Bison Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre ref or steppe wisent Bison priscus was a bison found on steppes throughout Europe , ref name Europe http www.kirmuseum.ru issue guide detail.php?ID 3055 9 2006 . , . . ref Central Asia , ref name Asia http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob ArticleURL& udi B8JJ9 4T6DSVG 5& user 10& coverDate 06 2F30 2F2008& rdoc 1& fmt high& orig search& origin search& sort d& docanchor &view c& acct C000050221& version 1& urlVersion 0& userid 10&md5 c97aa16fc7e0f6c64cf6a3662a160503&searchtype a S.K. Vasiliev. Late pleistocene bison Bison p. priscus Bojanis, 1827 from the Southeastern part of Western Siberia ref Beringia , and North America ref name Pleisto cite journal last1 Zazula first1 Grant D. last2 MacKay first2 Glen last3 Andrews first3 Thomas D. last4 Shapiro first4 Beth authorlink4 Beth Shapiro last5 Letts first5 Brandon last6 Broc first6 Fiona title A late Pleistocene steppe bison Bison priscus partial carcass from Tsiigehtchic, Northwest Territories, Canada journal Quaternary Science Reviews volume 28 issue 25 26 pages 2734 2742 doi 10.1016 j.quascirev.2009.06.012 url http www.sciencedirect.com science article B6VBC 4WRD6BK 1 2 7cfc13ccb81e9a0877cfd4195fc74314 accessdate 19 March 2011 ref during the Quaternary . It is believed that it evolved somewhere in South Asia whic ... more details
Taxobox name Alcelaphinae fossil range Late Miocene to Recent image Damaliscus lunatus.jpg image width 220px image caption Tsessebe Damaliscus lunatus regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Alcelaphinae subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Hirola Beatragus br Damaliscus br Hartebeest Alcelaphus br Wildebeest Connochaetes br Megalotragus Extinction The subfamily Alcelaphinae contains Wildebeest , Hartebeest , Bontebok s and several similar species . All in all it contains 10 species in 4 genera, although Beatragus is sometimes considered a subgenus of Damaliscus , and Sigmoceros for the Lichtenstein s Hartebeest . ref name WilsonReeder2005 Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. editors . 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference 3rd ed , Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. http www.bucknell.edu msw3 Available online ref Family Bovidae Subfamily Bovinae cattle and spiral horned antelopes, 24 species in 9 genera Subfamily Cephalophinae duikers, 19 species in 2 genera Subfamily Hippotraginae grazing antelopes, 23 species in 11 genera Subfamily Antilopinae gazelles, dwarf antelopes and the saiga, 38 species in 14 genera Subfamily Caprinae sheep, goats, 26 species in 12 genera Subfamily Reduncinae waterbucks, reedbucks, 8 species in 2 genera Subfamily impala Aepycerotinae impala, 1 species in 1 genus Subfamily Grey Rhebok Peleinae rhebok, 1 species in 1 genus Subfamily Alcelaphinae Genus Beatragus Hirola , Beatragus hunteri Genus Damaliscus Topi Topi and Korrigum , Damaliscus korrigum Korrigum , Damaliscus korrigum korrigum Topi , Damaliscus korrigum jimela Coastal Topi , Damaliscus korrigum topi Tsessebe , Damaliscus lunatus Bontebok , Damaliscus pygargus Bontebok , Damaliscus pygargus pygargus Blesbok , Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi Bangweulu Tsessebe , Damaliscus superstes Genus Alcelaphus Hartebeest , Alcelaphus buselaphus Bubal Hartebeest , Alcelaphu ... more details
Expand list date August 2010 File BUFFALO159.JPG thumb right 250px Water buffalo This is a list of herbivorous animals . Herbivore s are animal s that are adapted to eat plants. Herbivory is a form of predation in which an organism heterotroph consume s principally autotroph s ref name Campbell Campbell, N. A. 1996 Biology 4th edition Benjamin Cummings, New York ISBN 0 8053 1957 3 ref Page needed date September 2010 such as plant s, algae and photosynthesizing bacteria . More generally, organisms that feed on autotroph s in general are known as primary consumers . Mammals Mammals formally Mammalia are a class biology class of vertebrate , air breathing animal s whose females are characterized by the possession of mammary gland s while both males and females are characterized by hair and or fur, three middle ear bone s used in hearing sense hearing , and a neocortex region in the brain. Some mammals have sweat glands , but most do not. Some mammals are herbivorous, and some are not. Herbivorous mammals include Main Bovinae bubalus Buffalo Citation needed date August 2010 Cape Buffalo Citation needed date August 2010 Cattle Citation needed date August 2010 Tamaraw Citation needed date August 2010 Carabao Citation needed date August 2010 Saola Wisent Yak Kouprey Giant Eland Main Equidae Horse Zebra Main Rodentia Capybara Citation needed date August 2010 Chinchilla Beaver Octodont Others Chevrotain Citation needed date August 2010 Chinkara Citation needed date August 2010 Deer Elephant Panda Giraffe Goat Gorilla Guinea Pig Hippopotamus Kangaroo Koala Citation needed date August 2010 Llama Citation needed date August 2010 Manatee Citation needed date August 2010 Megabat Fruit Bat Citation needed date August 2010 Okapi Citation needed date August 2010 Rabbit Rhinoceros Sambar deer Citation needed date August 2010 Sheep Tapir Citation needed date August 2010 Wildebeest Citation needed date April 2012 Wombat Citation needed date August 2010 Birds Birds Class biology class A ... more details
Taxobox name Pelorovis fossil range Late Pliocene Holocene , Fossil range 2.5 0.004 image Pelorovis oldowayensis .jpg image width 250px image caption P. oldowayensis skull regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae genus Pelorovis subdivision ranks Species subdivision Pelorovis antiquus br Pelorovis howelli br Pelorovis oldowayensis br Pelorovis turkanensis Pelorovis prodigious monstrous Ovis sheep is an extinct genus of Africa n wild Bovinae cattle , which first appeared in the Pliocene , 2.5 million years ago, ref name Evolving Alan Turner & Mauricio Anton Evolving Eden, An Illustrated Guide to the Evolution of the African Large Mammal Fauna . Columbia University Press, New York 2004 ISBN 0 231 11944 5 pp. 159 167 ref and became extinct at the end of the Late Pleistocene about 12,000 years ago or even during the Holocene , some 4,000 years ago. ref name Walkers Ronald M. Nowak Walker s Mammals of the World . Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999 ISBN 0 8018 5789 9 ref Surprisingly, recent detailed anatomical and morphometric studies come to the conclusion, that Pelorovis is probably not monophyletic . According to this findings, the early forms of the genus P. turkanensis und P. oldowayensis are close relatives, and possibly the first members, of the genus Bos . In contrast, the late Pleistocene form Pelorovis antiquus seems to be a close relative of the modern African buffalo Syncerus caffer . ref Bienvenido Mart nez Navarro, Juan Antonio P rez Claros, Maria Rita Palombo, Lorenzo Rook, and Paul Palmqvist The Olduvai buffalo Pelorovis and the origin of Bos. Quaternary Research Volume 68, Issue 2, September 2007, Pages 220 226. http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob ArticleURL& udi B6WPN 4P5RVY1 1& user 10& coverDate 09 2F30 2F2007& rdoc 1& fmt high& orig search& sort d& docanchor &view c& searchStrId 1394191661& rerunOrigin scholar.google& acct C000050221& version 1& urlVersion 0& userid 10&md5 99ac96f25788629af7ff730a6f2101 ... more details
Infobox family name name Bossi image coat of arms image size 150px caption pronunciation meaning Derived from buxus boxwood region Lombardy in northern Italy, particularly Milan language Italian related names Bosio , Boselli disambiguation Boselli , Bossy and Bossie search prefix footnotes wikt wiktionary bossi Bossi is a surname native to the Lombardy region of Italy , particularly in Milan . Variations include Bosio surname Bosio and Boselli disambiguation Boselli , the former being among the original derivations of Bossi and the latter being a common variation of Italian names. Also, Bossy disambiguation Bossy and Bossie are two etymologically related forms found in French language French speaking regions as well as in the United States . The coat of arms and family standard are of a Bovinae bovine bull with the Latin phrase In Domino Confido , which translates as In God I trust . Etymologically, the name appears to be derived from two possible words. Buxus Boxwood a prized wood historically used for landscaping or crafting is Bosso singular or Bossi plural in Italian language Italian . ref http www.castellodibossi.it storia engl.html History of Castello di Bossi ref . Alternately, the name may also be derived from the plural of the genus Bos , which consists of both wild and domestic cattle. This possible relationship is reinforced by the bull on the coat of arms and family standard. People The surname can refer to the following people Carmelo Bossi born 1939 , Italian boxer Caroline Bossi , American actress http www.imdb.com name nm0098146 Consabecco Bossi , Earliest recorded instance of the surname, in 1170, of the Commune of Milan Costante Adolfo Bossi 1876 1953 , Italian organist for the Milan Cathedral David Bossie David N. Bossie , American, President of Citizens United Enea Bossi, Sr. 1888 1963 , Italian American inventor and aviation pioneer Enrico Bossi 1861 1925 , Italian farmer and theologian in Turin in the 20th century Giuseppe Bossi 1777 1815 , Ita ... more details
Image Flank steak.jpg thumb Two pieces of flank steak . The left one is covered with a sheet of real chelev , the right one has only some non kosher tendon s Krumim . The Hebrew noun chelev is the term given to some kinds of animal fats in Judaism. The fat of animal sacrifices is subject to specific regulations in the Hebrew Bible . ref Leviticus and Numbers Page 25 Richard Nelson Boyce 2008 Prohibition of Fat and Blood Leviticus 7 22 27 Before leaving the first run through of the Manual of Sacrifice, the people are reminded of God s claim on two portions of any animal sacrifice the fat and the blood. ref Although modern Judaism does not sacrifice animals on altars, there is some application of the rules regarding sacrificial fats to dietary practice. Hebrew Bible , , , , And he shall offer of it all the fat cheilev thereof the fat tail alyah , and the fat that covereth the inwards, Lev. 7, 3 Hebrew language In Hebrew the word for fat is lang he khelev , often transliterated chelev in the Hebrew Bible this is first used for the fats of Abel s offering, and most often used for fats of animal sacrifices on the altar of the Tabernacle or Temple and which the Israelites and the priests were forbidden to eat. The same word is also used in the phrase the fat of the land. On the other hand, shuman are called those fats which were not offered Clarify date July 2011 , and therefore kosher for human consumption. Rabbinical interpretation The punishment for eating chelev bemeizid on purpose is kareth . The Atonement in Judaism atonement for eating it by mistake is to bring a Sin offering korban hattath atonement sacrifice . The prohibition on chelev is only regarding those animal types which were used as a korban cattle , domestic sheep lamb and goat , which are the only kosher domestic animals domestic livestock . Fats from bird avians and deer may be eaten, and different types of bovinae ... more details
Taxobox image Tragelaphus scriptus male .jpg image caption Male Tragelaphus scriptus , Zambia name K wel status NR status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Tragelaphus species T. scriptus binomial Tragelaphus scriptus binomial authority Peter Simon Pallas Pallas , 1766 The k wel Tragelaphus scriptus is a small to medium sized antelope widespread in west and central Africa. Formerly and alongside the imbabala it was generically known as the bushbuck , however, it has since been found to be a species in its own right, with a separate geographic distribution. Of all the other tragelaphine antelopes, the k wel is most closely related to the nyala Tragelaphus angasi . ref Moodley Y, Bruford MW, Bleidorn C, Wronski T, Apio A, Plath M 2008 Analysis of mitochondrial DNA data reveals non monophyly in the bushbuck Tragelaphus scriptus complex. Mammalian Biology , doi 10.1016 j.mambio.2008.05.003 ref Distribution The k wel is distributed from Senegal and southern Mauritania across the Sahel , east to Ethiopia and Eritrea and south to Angola and the southern Democratic Republic of the Congo DRC . It is common across this broad geographic distribution and is found in wooded savannas, forest savanna mosaics, penetrating into some of the rain forest zones of the southern Central African Republic , Gabon , DRC and the Republic of Congo Congo , in montane forests of the Bamenda Highlands and Mt. Cameroon and in the semi arid zones of the Ethiopian lowlands and Eritrea. It does not occur in the deep rain forests of the central Congo Basin. Description and Genetics The k wel is in general smaller than other tragelaphines, with a mainly red or yellow brown ground colour. It is conspicuously striped with several vertical and at least one horizontal stripe and there is little to no sexual dimorphism with respect to patterning and ground colouration. It has been referred to as the harnessed ... more details
taxobox image Cumaru.JPG status VU status system IUCN2.3 regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Fabales familia Fabaceae genus Dipteryx species D. alata binomial Dipteryx alata binomial authority Julius Rudolph Theodor Vogel Vogel synonyms Coumarouna alata small Vogel Paul Hermann Wilhelm Taubert Taub. small br Dipteryx pteropus small Mart. small br Dipteryx pterota small Benth. small br Dipteryx alata Baru is a species of legume in the Fabaceae family. It is a large tree usually referred to as Baruzeiro Baru tree in Portuguese and its fruits or almond like beans are known as Baru. Other names besides Baru are Cumaru and Cumbaru. It is found only in the Cerrado region of Brazil and is threatened by habitat loss . Historically it has been used as lumber , for charcoal production and for shadow in pastures. The fruits are used as Bovinae bovine feed or as nourishment and are also an important food source for native animals species as small mammals, rodents, birds, bats, etc. The tree can measure up to 25 m in height, 0.7 m in diameter and have a useful lifespan of 60 years. A tree will produce about 150 kg of fruit per harvest. Its fruits, which are brown in color, are either collected off the floor or picked from the tree when they are almost ripe. A fruit usually weighs 25g of which 30 is pulp, 65 is ligneous endocarp and 5 is seed bean almond . File Dipteryx alata fruits.jpg thumb left Fruits of Dipteryx alata .l Out of the fruit, the pulp is sweet and can be consumed but is also used to manufacture jams and liquors the beans Baru almonds are rich in flavor and are typically served after being roasted and salted or as a part of any number of dishes as bread, cakes, Pesto sauce and ice cream additionally the oil extracted from the almonds may be used as a culinary ingredient or in many other varied forms. Baru is known to be rich in proteins, fibers, magnesium, potassium and iron and to have a high energ ... more details
other uses Taxobox name Kalabaw image Carabao.jpg image width 290px status dom image caption A carabao in the Philippines regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae tribe Bovini genus Bubalus species Domestic buffalo B. bubalis subspecies B. b. carabanesis trinomial Bubalus bubalis carabanesis trinomial authority Linnaeus , 1758 The carabao Filipino language Filipino kalabaw lang ms kerbau or Bubalus bubalis carabanesis is a subspecies of the domesticated Domestic buffalo water buffalo Bubalus bubalis found in the Philippines , Guam , Indonesia , Malaysia , and various parts of Southeast Asia . Carabaos are associated with farmers, being the farm animal of choice for pulling both a plow and the cart used to haul produce to the market. Description File 2011 Feb, Puerto Princesa to Nasiduan, 10.jpg thumb left Adult Female & Calf. Note the mud on the animals hair. Carabaos are indigenous to Southeast Asia . Adult carabaos weigh seven to eight hundred kilograms almost 2,000 pounds and have fairly long gray or black hair thinly covering their huge bodies. They have a tuft of hair on their forehead, and at the tip of their tail. Normally, they are silent and docile, but they will give a trembling snort if they are surprised. Both male and female have massive horns. Since the carabao has no sweat glands, it cools itself by lying in a waterhole or mud during the heat of the day. Mud, caked on to its body, also protects it from bothersome insects. The carabao eats grass and other vegetation, feeding mainly in the cool of the mornings and evenings. In some places of the world the carabao is a source of milk just like the cow, or it may be slaughtered for its hide and its meat. Its life span is 18 to 20 years and the female carabao can deliver one calf each year. In Guam The carabao is considered a national symbol of Guam . They were imported from the Philippines in the late 17th century during the Spanish c ... more details
Taxobox name Lesser Kudu status NT status system IUCN3.1 status ref ref name iucn http www.iucnredlist.org apps redlist details 22053 0 ref trend down image Male Lesser Kudu.jpg image caption Diorama from the Natural History Museum, Bern image2 Southern Lesser Kudu.jpg image2 caption Southern lesser kudu at the San Diego Zoo regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Even toed ungulate Artiodactyla familia Bovid ae subfamilia Bovinae genus Ammelaphus species A. imberbis binomial Ammelaphus imberbis binomial authority Edward Blyth Blyth , 1869 The lesser kudu Ammelaphus imberbis formerly Tragelaphus imberbis is a forest antelope found in East Africa . The Lesser Kudu at one time was thought to be a smaller version of the Greater Kudu , but now is considered to be a more primitive species. Lesser kudu range between convert 90 to 110 cm in abbr on tall at the shoulder. Females weigh between convert 50 to 70 kg lb abbr on and the males between convert 60 to 90 kg lb abbr on maximum. Lesser kudu males are grey brown while females are chestnut with a lighter coat on their underside. Both have about ten white stripes on their backs and two white tufts on the underside of their necks. Males have a small mane and horns of about convert 70 cm in abbr on with one twist. Lesser kudu live in dry thorn The Bush bush and forest and eat mainly leaves. Lesser kudu are Nocturnality nocturnal and crepuscular matinine crepuscular . They live in groups of two to five ranging up to twenty four. Lesser kudu can jump distances more than convert 9 m ft abbr on and convert 2.5 m ft abbr on high. They can also reach running speeds of around convert 100 km h mph abbr on . Unlike its cousin the greater kudu , which is one of the slowest antelopes, the lesser kudu is one of fastest. The population is in decrease. It is currently estimated at 118,000 individuals ref http www.iucnredlist.org apps redlist details 22053 0 IUCN RED LIST Lesser Kudu ref , in East Africa. Reports ... more details
Taxobox name Giant eland status LC status system IUCN3.1 status ref ref name iucn IUCN2008 assessors IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group year 2008 id 44172 title Tragelaphus derbianus downloaded 29 March 2009 Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern. ref image Taurotragus derbianus gigas.jpg image caption Taurotragus derbianus gigas at the Cincinnati Zoo image2 Western Derby Eland Taurotragus derbianus derbianus .jpg image2 caption Western Derby eland T. d. derbianus regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Taurotragus species T. derbianus binomial Taurotragus derbianus binomial authority John Edward Gray Gray , 1847 The giant eland Taurotragus derbianus also known as the Lord Derby eland is an open forest savanna h antelope . It is found in Central African Republic , South Sudan , Cameroon and Senegal . There are two subspecies the endangered T. d. derbianus , found in Senegal s Niokolo Koba National Park , and the low risk T. d. gigas , found in Central Africa, especially in Cameroon and the Central African Republic. Characteristics Giant eland are typically between convert 220 290 cm ft abbr on in length, stand approximately convert 150 to 175 cm ft abbr on at the shoulder, and weigh convert 440 900 kg lb abbr on . Despite its common name, it is of very similar size to the common eland . The smooth coat is reddish brown to chestnut, usually darker in males than females, with several well defined vertical white stripes on the torso. A crest of short black hair extends down the neck to the middle of the back, and is especially prominent on the shoulders. The slender legs are slightly lighter on their inner surfaces, with black and white markings just above the hooves . There are large black spots on the upper forelegs. The bridge of the nose is charcoal black, and there is a thin, indistinct tan coloured chevron between the eyes. The lips are wh ... more details
About cattle feces feces used as fertiliser Manure Refimprove date March 2009 Image CowPie JeffVanuga.JPG thumb right 250px Fresh cow dung Image Drying cow dung.jpg thumb right 250px Cow dung being dried for fuel in India. Image Yuanyang cow pat.jpg thumb right 250px Water buffalo dung drying on the wall of a house, Yuanyang County, Yunnan Cow dung , also known as cow scat , is the waste waste product of Bovinae bovine animal species. These species include domestic cattle cows , bison buffalo , yak and water buffalo . Cow dung is the undigested residue of plant matter which has passed through the animal s gut. The resultant feces faecal matter is rich in mineral s. Colour ranges from greenish to blackish, often darkening soon after exposure to air . It is also known in the American southeast and west as cow pies . Uses Cow dung usually combined with soiled bedding and urine is often used as manure agricultural fertilizer . If not recycled into the soil by species such as earthworms and dung beetle s, cow dung can dry out and remain on the pasture, creating an area of grazing land which is unpalatable to livestock. In many parts of the developing world, caked and dried cow dung is used as fuel . Dung may also be collected and used to produce biogas to generate electricity and heat. The gas is rich in methane and is used in rural areas of India Pakistan and elsewhere to provide a renewable and stable source of electricity. Fact date May 2010 In central Africa, Maasai people Maasai villages have burned cow dung inside to repel mosquito s. In cold places, cow dung is used to line the walls of rustic houses as a cheap thermal insulation thermal insulator . Cow dung is also an optional ingredient in the manufacture of adobe mud brick housing depending on the availability of materials at hand. ref http www.greenhouse.gov.au yourhome technical fs34d.htm Your Home Technical Manual 3.4d Construction Systems Mud Brick Adobe Bot generated title ref A deposit of cow dung is refe ... more details
This is a list of known mammal s in Missouri , United States . Order Artiodactyla Family Bovidae Subfamily Bovinae Genus Bos Cattle Bos taurus Genus Bison American Bison Bison bison Subfamily Caprinae Genus Ovis Domestic Sheep Ovis aries Family Cervidae Subfamily Capreolinae Genus Odocoileus White tailed Deer Odocoileus virginianus Subfamily Cervinae Genus Cervus Elk Cervus canadensis Red Deer Cervus elaphus Family Suidae Genus Pig Sus Wild Boar Sus scrofa Order Carnivora Family Canidae Genus Canis Domestic Dog Canis familiaris Coyote Canis latrans Gray Wolf Canis lupus Red Wolf Canis rufus Genus Urocyon Gray Fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus Genus Vulpes Red Fox Vulpes vulpes Family Felidae Genus Felis Domestic Cat Felis catus Genus Lynx Bobcat Lynx rufus Genus Puma genus Puma Cougar Puma concolor Family Mephitidae Genus Mephitis genus Mephitis Striped Skunk Mephitis mephitis Genus Spilogale Eastern Spotted Skunk Spilogale putorius Family Mustelidae Subfamily Lutrinae Genus Lontra North American River Otter Lontra canadensis Subfamily Mustelinae Genus Mustela Long tailed Weasel Mustela frenata Least Weasel Mustela nivalis Genus Neovison American Mink Neovison vison Genus Taxidea American Badger Taxidea taxus Family Procyonidae Genus Bassaricus Ring tailed Cat Bassariscus astutus Genus Procyon Raccoon Procyon lotor Family Ursidae Genus Ursus genus Ursus American Black Bear Ursus americanus Order Chiroptera Family Molossidae Genus Nyctinomops Big Free tailed Bat Nyctinomops macrotis Genus Tadarida Mexican Free tailed Bat Tadarida brasiliensis Family Vespertilionidae Subfamily Vespertilioninae Genus Lasiurus Eastern Red Bat Lasiurus borealis Hoary Bat Lasiurus cinereus Genus Corynorhinus Rafinesque s Big Eared Bat Corynorhinus rafinesquii Townsend s Big eared Bat Corynorhinus townsendii Genus Eptesicus Big Brown Bat Eptesicus fuscus Genus Lasionycteris Silver haired Bat Lasionycteris noctivagans Genus Myotis Southeastern Myotis Myotis austroriparius Western Small footed Ba ... more details
other uses italictitle Taxobox image Bos javanicus.jpg image width 250px image caption Banteng Bos javanicus regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Bos genus authority Carolus Linnaeus Linnaeus , 1758 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Bos acutifrons B. acutifrons extinction br Bos frontalis B. frontalis br Gaur B. gaurus br Bos grunniens B. grunniens br Zebu B. indicus br Bos javanicus B. javanicus br Bos palaesondaicus B. palaesondaicus extinction br Bos planifrons B. planifrons extinction br Aurochs B. primigenius extinction br Kouprey B. sauveli br Bos taurus B. taurus Bos is the genus of wild and domestication domestic cattle . Bos can be divided into four subgenus subgenera Bos , Bibos , Novibos , and Poephagus , but these divisions are controversial. The genus has five extant taxon extant species. However, this may rise to seven if the domesticated varieties are counted as separate species, and nine if the closely related genus Bison is also included. ref Groves, C. P., 1981. Systematic relationships in the Bovini Artiodactyla, Bovidae . Zeitschrift f r Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung , 4 264 278., quoted in Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder editors . 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference 3rd ed , Johns Hopkins University Press Bison . http www.bucknell.edu msw3 browse.asp?s y&id 14200668 online edition ref Modern species of cattle are believed to have originated from the extinct aurochs . Anatomy and morphology Most species are grazers, with long tongues to twist the plant material they favor and large teeth to break up the plant material they ingest. They are ruminant s, having a four chambered stomach that allows them to break down plant material. Range and distribution There are about 1.3 billion domestic cattle alive today, making them one of the world s most numerous mammals. Members of this genus are currently found in Africa, ... more details
A freemartin or free martin sometimes martin heifer is an infertility infertile female mammal which has Virilization masculinized behavior and non functioning ovaries . ref MeshName Freemartinism ref Genetically and externally the animal is female, but it is Sterility physiology sterilized in utero in the womb by hormone s from a male twin , becoming an infertile partial intersex . Freemartinism is the normal outcome of mixed sex twins in all bovinae cattle species that have been studied, and it also occurs occasionally in other mammals including sheep, goats and pigs. History The 18th century physician John Hunter surgeon John Hunter discovered that a freemartin always has a male twin. ref http links.jstor.org sici?sici 0261 0523 1779 69 3C279 3AAOTFMB 3E2.0.CO 3B2 4 description needed ref It was hypothesized early in the 20th century that masculinizing factors travel from the male twin to the female twin through the vascular connections of the placenta because of the vascular fusion and affect the internal anatomy of the female. ref Nelson, Randy. An introduction to behavioral endocrinology. Sinauer Associates Massachusetts. 2005 pg 145 ref Several researchers made the discovery that a freemartin results when a female fetus has its chorion fuse in the uterus with that of a male twin. The result was published in 1916 by Tandler and Keller. ref Keller, K. and Tandler, J. Wiener Tieraztl. Wochensch., 3, 513 526 1916 . ref The discovery was made independently by American biologist Frank R. Lillie , who published it in Science journal Science in 1916. ref http www.sciencemag.org cgi content citation 43 1113 611 ref Both teams are now credited with the discovery. ref cite journal pmid 17219370 year 2007 last1 Freeman first1 G title Explaining the freemartin Tandler and Keller vs. Lillie and the question of priority volume 308 issue 2 pages 105 12 doi 10.1002 jez.b.21151 journal Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution ref In rural a ... more details
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