Taxobox virus group i familia Herpesviridae genus Varicellovirus species Bovineherpesvirus1 BoHV 1 Introduction Bovineherpesvirus1 BoHV 1 is a virus of the family Herpesviridae and the subfamily Alphaherpesviridae , known to cause several diseases worldwide in cattle , including infectious bovine ... marker vaccine for use in improved bovineherpesvirus1 control programs. Veterinary Microbiology ... name Bosch J 1517 Bosch J, Kaaschoek M, van Oirschot JT. Inactivated bovineherpesvirus1 marker vaccine ... also Bovineherpesvirus disambiguation Bovineherpesvirus 2 Bovineherpesvirus 4 Bovineherpesvirus 5 References references DEFAULTSORT BovineHerpesvirus1 Category Bovine diseases Category Herpesviruses Category Animal virology Category Pneumonia non human de Bovines Herpesvirus1 fr Rhinotrach ite infectieuse bovine ja 1 tr Bovineherpesvirus1 ... . BoHV 1 is also a contributing factor in shipping fever , also known as Bovine Respiratory Disease ... Muylkens B., Thiry J., Kirten P., Schynts F., Thiry E. Bovine herpes virus 1 infection and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. Vet. Res. 2007 38 181 209. ref This is made possible because of the virus ... for routine detection of bovine herpes virus 1 DNA in fresh bull semen. Journal of Virologoical Methods ... Signs Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis The respiratory disease caused by BoHV 1 is commonly known as infectious ... across the placenta. BoHV 1 can cause both clinical and subclinical infections, depending on the virulence ... other herpesviruses, BoHV 1 causes a lifelong latent infection and sporadic shedding of the virus. The sciatic ... commonly seen between the ages of 6 and 18 months . Transmission BoHV 1 enters the animal through ... JT. Airborne transmission of BoHV 1 among cattle is possible under experimental conditions. Veterinary ... the virus in their semen. Once infected it is hard for the animal to get rid of BoHV 1 because it has ... regulatory factor 3 IRF3 , effectively halting transcription of Interferon type I interferon type 1 ... more details
Bovineherpesvirus is a group of virus es from the family Herpesviridae that affect cattle . Bovineherpesvirus1 of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae and genus Varicellovirus Bovineherpesvirus 2 of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae and genus Simplexvirus Bovineherpesvirus 4 of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae and genus Rhadinovirus Bovineherpesvirus 5 of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae and genus Varicellovirus Disambig ja ... more details
for BHV 5, but BHV 1 vaccines seem to provide some cross protection. See also Bovineherpesvirus disambiguation Bovineherpesvirus1Bovineherpesvirus 2 Bovineherpesvirus 4 References BovineHerpesvirus 5, reviewed and published by WikiVet at http en.wikivet.net BovineHerpesvirus 5, accessed 23 08 2011. External links MeshName Bovineherpesvirus 5 http jvi.asm.org cgi content full 77 19 10339 Genome of BovineHerpesvirus 5 at asm.org DEFAULTSORT BovineHerpesvirus 5 Category Herpesviruses Category Bovine diseases Category Animal virology Virus stub ja 5 ... following BHV 1 infection become latent carriers. To diagnose infection, the virus is identified using ... more details
used. See also Bovineherpesvirus disambiguation Bovineherpesvirus1Bovineherpesvirus 2 Bovineherpesvirus 5 References BovineHerpesvirus 4, reviewed and published by WikiVet at http en.wikivet.net BovineHerpesvirus 4, accessed 14 08 2011. Category Animal virology Category Viral diseases Category Bovine diseases Veterinary med stub ...Taxobox virus group i familia Herpesviridae genus Rhadinovirus species Bovineherpesvirus 4 BHV 4 Introduction Bovineherpesvirus 4 is a member of the Herpesviridae family. It is part of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae and genus Rhadinovirus . Infection is normally sub clinical but can cause reproductive disease in cattle such as endometritis , vulvovaginitis and also Mastitis in dairy cattle mastitis . Transmission is both Vertical transmission vertical and Horizontal transmission horizontal . It can also be indirectly spread by fomite fomites . Distribution is worldwide and the virus infects a range of ruminant ruminants , including bison , African Buffalo buffalo , sheep and goat goats . The disease may also be referred to as passenger virus and moyar virus . Clinical Signs & Diagnosis BHV 4 infection is often subclinical , with no observable clinical signs. However the virus may cause abortion and retained foetal membranes , and if an infected fetus is born alive it may be weak . It can also cause Mastitis in dairy cattle mastitis in dairy cattle. It may be isolated from conjunctivitis and respiratory disease cases but it is unknown whether the EHV 4 is a primary or opportunistic pathogen in these cases. Diagnosis is achieved by virus isolation from tissues or secretions , PCR , ELISA , and indirect immunofluorescence . It should be noted that because EHV 4 infection can be asymptomatic, the presence of the virus does not confirm that it was the cause of the observed clinical signs. Treatment & Control Treatment is symptomatic . The virus can remain Virus latency latent ... more details
Taxobox virus group i familia Herpesviridae genus Simplexvirus species Bovineherpesvirus 2 BoHV 2 Bovineherpesvirus 2 BoHV 2 is a virus of the family Herpesviridae that causes two diseases in cattle , bovine mammillitis and pseudo lumpy skin disease . BoHV 2 is similar in structure to human herpes simplex virus . . ref name Carter cite web author Carter, G.R. Flores, E.F. Wise, D.J. year 2006 title Herpesviridae work A Concise Review of Veterinary Virology url http www.ivis.org advances Carter Part2Chap11 chapter.asp?LA 1 accessdate 2006 06 04 ref Pseudo lumpy skin disease was originally discovered in South Africa where a similar but more serious disease caused by a poxvirus , lumpy skin disease , is also prevalent. Symptoms include fever and skin nodules on the face, back, and perineum . The disease heals within a few weeks. Bovine mammillitis is characterized by lesions restricted to the teat s and udder . BoHV 2 probably spreads through an arthropod Vector epidemiology vector , ref name Fenner 1993 cite book author Fenner, Frank J. Gibbs, E. Paul J. Murphy, Frederick A. Rott, Rudolph Studdert, Michael J. White, David O. title Veterinary Virology 2nd ed. publisher Academic Press, Inc year 1993 isbn 0 12 253056 X ref but can also be spread through milkers and milking machine s. ref name Carter A review publication from 2011 presents a series of controversial but scientifically based conclusions concerning the pathogenesis and epidemiology of the infection summary https sites.google.com site bovineherpesvirus2 , among these that spread among cattle is mainly by the respiratory route, and that skin lesions result from viremic spread and complement activation by the classical ... 2011 . Epidemiology and pathogenesis of the Bovineherpesvirus 2 BoHV 2 infection. ISBN 978 87 994685 0 8 http bovineherpesvirus 2.blogspot.com ref References references DEFAULTSORT BovineHerpesvirus 2 Category Bovine diseases Category Herpesviruses Category Animal virology Virus stub Veterinary ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Haliotid herpesvirus1 image virus group i ordo Herpesvirales familia Malacoherpesviridae genus Haliotivirus genus authority Savin et al., 2010 ref name Savin 2010 Savin K. W., Cocks B. G., Wong F., Sawbridge T., Cogan N., Savage D. & Warner S. 2010 . A neurotropic herpesvirus infecting the gastropod, abalone, shares ancestry with oyster herpesvirus and a herpesvirus associated with the amphioxus genome . Virology Journal 7 308. PMID 21062506 , doi 10.1186 1743 422X 7 308 . ref subdivision ranks Species subdivision Haliotid herpesvirus1 AbHV 1 br Haliotid herpesvirus1 AbHV 1 , common name abalone herpesvirus , is a virus in the family family biology family Malacoherpesviridae . ref name Savin 2010 Discovery In 2005 there was an outbreak of acute ganglioneuritis in an Australian population of the edible gastropod mollusc , abalone or Haliotis spp. ref name Savin 2010 Potential herpesvirus particles had also been identified previously in Taiwan following mortalities in Haliotis diversicolor . ref name Savin 2010 Using transmission electron microscopy , herpes like particles were observed in ganglia of affected abalone and purified virion s from moribund abalone Nervous system of gastropods nervous tissues were identified as resembling those of herpesviruses . ref name Savin 2010 A diagnostic PCR test has been developed to detect the abalone virus in 2010. ref name Savin 2010 The test has detected viral DNA sequences in diseased abalone from separate geographical ... and isolated and sequenced genomic DNA of the Haliotid herpesvirus1. ref name Savin 2010 Description Haliotid herpesvirus1 has an icosohedral capsid approximately 100 nm in diameter, surrounded by a 150 nm diameter spiked viral envelope . ref name Savin 2010 Taxonomy Haliotid herpesvirus1 is the only known species in the genus Haliotivirus . ref name Savin 2010 Host range Haliotid herpesvirus1 infects the large edible sea snail s known as abalone s Haliotis species such as Haliotis diversicolor ... more details
Taxobox virus group I familia Herpesviridae genus Varicellovirus species Equine herpesvirus1 EHV 1 Equine herpesvirus1 EHV 1 is a virus of the family Herpesviridae that causes abortion, respiratory disease and occasionally neonatal mortality in horse s. Initial spread of EHV 1 by a newly introduced horse through direct and indirect contact can lead to abortion and perinatal infection in up to 70 percent of a previously unexposed herd. ref name Fenner 1993 cite book author Fenner, Frank J. Gibbs, E. Paul J. Murphy, Frederick A. Rott, Rudolph Studdert, Michael J. White, David O. title Veterinary Virology 2nd ed. publisher Academic Press, Inc year 1993 isbn 0 12 253056 X ref Abortion usually occurs in the last four months of gestation , two to four weeks after infection of the mare. ref name Carter cite web author Carter, G.R. Flores, E.F. Wise, D.J. year 2006 title Herpesviridae work A Concise ... of Equid Herpesvirus1 Strain Variation Reveals a Point Mutation of the DNA Polymerase Strongly .... ref cite web title Equine Herpesvirus EHV 1 Final Situation Report June 23, 2011 publisher United ... reflist DEFAULTSORT Equine Herpesvirus1 Category Herpesviruses Category Horse diseases Category Animal ... 1 accessdate 2006 06 08 ref Perinatal around the time of birth infection can lead to pneumonia and death ... cross reacts with Equine herpesvirus 4 in many serological laboratory tests. Commercial diagnostic ... have identified a single nucleotide polymorphism SNP which varies between EHV 1 field isolates and shows ... during an outbreak. In 2006, an outbreak of EHV 1 among stables in Florida resulted in the institution ... Equine Herpes Virus Myeloencephalopathy EHM is the neurotropic virus neurotropic form of EVH 1, most often attributed to mutant or neuropathogenic strains of EVH 1. There is currently no licensed vaccine against EHM and no treatment other than palliative care. ref cite web title Equine Herpesvirus EHV ... Service url http www.aphis.usda.gov vs nahss equine ehv equine herpesvirus brochure 2009.pdf ... more details
Taxobox virus group i familia Herpesviridae genus Iltovirus species Gallid herpesvirus1 GaHV 1 Gallid herpesvirus1 GaHV 1 also known as Avian herpesvirus1 is a virus of the family Herpesviridae that causes avian infectious laryngotracheitis . It was originally recognized as a disease of chicken s in the United States in 1926. ref name Fenner 1993 cite book author Fenner, Frank J. Gibbs, E. Paul J. Murphy, Frederick A. Rott, Rudolph Studdert, Michael J. White, David O. title Veterinary Virology 2nd ed. publisher Academic Press, Inc year 1993 isbn 0 12 253056 X ref The disease also occurs in pheasant s. ref name Carter cite web author Carter, G.R. Flores, E.F. Wise, D.J. year 2006 title Herpesviridae work A Concise Review of Veterinary Virology url http www.ivis.org advances Carter Part2Chap11 chapter.asp?LA 1 accessdate 2006 06 10 ref The disease is usually referred to as Infectious laryngotracheitis or simply LT in the poultry industry. It is widely viewed as one of the most contagious viruses that affect the poultry industry. A confirmed case will usually result in the establishment of a quarantine zone around the farm. Inside this quarantine zone, poultry workers will avoid poultry farms to prevent the spread of the virus. GaHV 1 is shed in respiratory secretions and transmitted by droplet inhalation or via fomite s. A previously unexposed flock will develop cases for two to eight weeks following introduction. The incubation period is two to eight days. ref name Fenner 1993 Clinical signs and diagnosis Symptoms include coughing, sneezing, head shaking, lethargy, discharge from the eyes and nostrils sometimes bloody , and difficulty breathing. The name comes from the severe inflammation of the larynx and Vertebrate trachea trachea . A diphtheritic membrane may form in the trachea ... en.wikivet.net Gallid Herpesvirus1 Avian Infectious Laryngotracheitis , expert reviewed and published ... Database and Analysis Resource ViPR Herpesviridae DEFAULTSORT Gallid Herpesvirus1 Category Herpesviruses ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Equine herpesvirus is a group of virus es of the family Herpesviridae that affect horse s. Equine herpesvirus1 of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae and genus Varicellovirus Equine herpesvirus 2 of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae and genus Rhadinovirus Equine herpesvirus 3 of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae and genus Varicellovirus Equine herpesvirus 4 of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae and genus Varicellovirus Equine herpesvirus 5 of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae and genus Rhadinovirus DEFAULTSORT Equine Herpesvirus Category Horse diseases Herpesvirus Category Herpesviruses de Herpesvirusinfektion des Pferdes fi Hevosten herpesvirukset ... more details
Taxobox virus group i familia Herpesviridae genus Varicellovirus species Canine herpesvirus1 CHV 1 Canine herpesvirus CHV is a virus of the family Herpesviridae which most importantly causes a fatal bleeding hemorrhagic disease in dog puppies and in wild Canidae less than two to three weeks old. It is known to exist in the United States , Canada , Australia , Japan , England and Germany . ref name DVM cite journal last Hoskins first Johnny title Herpesvirus DVMs must manage infected litters journal DVM date May 1, 2005 url http www.dvmnewsmagazine.com dvm article articleDetail.jsp?id 162444 accessdate 2006 11 26 ref CHV was first recognized in the mid 1960s from a fatal disease in puppies. ref name Vetres cite journal author Buonavoglia C, Martella V title Canine respiratory viruses journal ..., L. year 2004 title Neonatal Viral Infections of Pups Canine Herpesvirus and Minute Virus of Canines Canine Parvovirus 1 work Recent Advances in Canine Infectious Diseases url http www.ivis.org advances Infect Dis Carmichael carmichael chapter frm.asp?LA 1 accessdate 2006 06 25 ref CHV is transmitted ..., Kern T, Haley N, Schatzberg S title Corneal ulceration associated with naturally occurring canine herpesvirus1 infection in two adult dogs journal J Am Vet Med Assoc volume 229 issue 3 pages 376 84 ... advances Carter Part2Chap11 chapter.asp?LA 1 accessdate 2006 06 08 ref and death usually ... J, Hashimoto A, Okazaki K, Kida H title Detection of canine herpesvirus DNA in the ganglionic neurons ... an infrequent cause of kennel cough . Like other types of herpesvirus, previously infected dogs ... Y, Tohya Y, Akashi H title Construction of an infectious clone of canine herpesvirus genome as a bacterial ... N, Strive T title Suitability of canine herpesvirus as a vector for oral bait vaccination of foxes ... 0&C 0&A 2058 Canine Herpes Infection from The Pet Health Library DEFAULTSORT Canine Herpesvirus Category Dog health Herpesvirus Category Herpesviruses Category Animal virology de Canines Herpesvirus ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Herpesvirus gorilla virus group i familia Herpesviridae subfamilia Gammaherpesvirinae genus Lymphocryptovirus species Herpesvirus gorilla Herpesvirus gorilla was the fifth virus described in the lymphocryptovirus genus of herpesviridae herpesviruses . Previously described members of that genus were the human Epstein Barr virus as well as lymphocryptoviruses that infect baboons , chimpanzees , and orangutans . As its name implies, herpesvirus gorilla infects gorillas . ref cite journal author Neubauer RH, Rabin H, Strnad BC, Nonoyama M, Nelson Rees WA title Establishment of a lymphoblastoid cell line and isolation of an Epstein Barr related virus of gorilla origin journal J Virol volume 1979 Sep 31 3 845 8 pmid 92573 doi year 1979 issue 3 pages 845 8 pmc 353513 ref References references See http en.wikipedia.org wiki Wikipedia Footnotes for a discussion of different citation methods and how to generate footnotes using the ref & ref tags and the Reflist template DEFAULTSORT Herpesvirus Gorilla Category Herpesviruses ... more details
Bovine podiatry is a branch of veterinary medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of the defects of a bovine hoof . See also Cow hoof References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Bovine Podiatry Category Bovine health Category Veterinary professions Category Cattle veterinary med stub ... more details
of bovine enterovirus. J Mol Biol. 1993 Jun 5 231 3 930 2. Smyth MS, Trudgett A, Hoey EM, Martin SJ, Brown F. Characterization of neutralizing antibodies to bovine enterovirus elicited by synthetic peptides. Arch Virol. 1992 126 1 4 21 33. Smyth MS, Hoey EM, Trudgett A, Martin SJ, Brown F. Chemically synthesized peptides elicit neutralizing antibody to bovine enterovirus. J Gen Virol. 1990 Jan 71 Pt 1 231 4. Bovine Enterovirus, reviewed and published by WikiVet at http en.wikivet.net Bovine ...Taxobox color violet name Bovine enterovirus image caption Virion Structure Bovine Enterovirus . image BEV Structure.jpg virus group iv familia Picornaviridae genus Enterovirus species Bovine enterovirus Introduction Bovine enterovirus BEV is a picornavirus of the genus enterovirus . The virus may also be referred to as enteric cytopathic bovine orphan virus ECBO . It is endemic in cattle populations ... 7500 bases. The bovine enteroviruses are endemic in cattle populations worldwide. BEVs were originally classified into seven serotypes but are now accepted as falling into two serotypes, 1 and 2, which are further classified into subtypes. BEV strain VG 5 27 of serotype 1, subtype 1 is the most extensively studied. The tissue tropism of serotype 1 is extremely broad, including human, sheep ... from water contaminated with bovine faeces. Serotype 2 viruses are only found in domestic cattle ... has yet to be identified but is sensitive to neuraminidase 1 . Clinical Signs of Infection Most ... As clinical signs are fairly non specific and bovine enterovirus is ubiquitous in cattle populations ... of normal and transformed mammalian cells to bovine enterovirus 261. Nature. 1973 245 319 ... Virol 148 1225 33. Smyth MS, Symonds A, Brazinova S and Martin JHJ 2002 Bovine Enterovirus ... specificity in bovine enteroviruses. Archives Virol. 146, 347 355 Smyth, M., Trudgett, A., Martin, J ... D. Implications for viral uncoating from the structure of bovine enterovirus. Nat Struct Biol. 1995 ... more details
et al . Bovine HapMap Consortium title Genome wide survey of SNP variation uncovers the genetic ... Composite SINE transposons in the bovine genome Bovine genome database References Reflist External links ... project species m Bovine.hgsc?pageLocation Bovine http www.sciencedirect.com science article pii 0022283682901371 ... more details
, Xipapillomavirus species BPV 1 br BPV 2 br BPV 3 br BPV 4 br BPV 5 br BPV 6 Bovine papillomavirus ... 3101 Campo, MS. Bovine papillomavirus old system, new lessons? . In Papillomavirus Research From Natural ... 1 to BPV 6, which are divided into three broad subgroups. Deltapapillomavirus or fibropapillomaviruses formerly known as subgroup A , including types 1 and 2, have a genome of around 7.9 kb. Similar ... and the underlying dermis . The specificity of the types differs BPV 1 infects paragenital ... detection of papillomaviruses in bovine teat papillomas and healthy teat skin. J Gen Virol 85 2191 2197 ... lesions in the UK. ref name Campo Campo MS 1995 Infection by bovine papillomavirus and prospects ... 2006 File Bovine warts.jpg left thumb 150px Multiple small facial warts Warts contain large amounts ... 1 2 causes carcinomas and haemangioendothelioma s of the urinary bladder, in both cases in animals ... countries and risk of developing oesophageal cancer. ref name Campo 2006 Other mammals BPV 1 and BPV ... name Chambers Chambers G, Ellsmore VA, O Brien PM et al. Association of bovine papillomavirus with the equine ... ref name Boiron Boiron M, Levy JP, Thomas M, Friedmann JC, Bernard, J. 1964 Some properties of bovine ... 28 8 1596 Robl MG, Olson C 1968 Oncogenic action of bovine papilloma virus in hamsters. Cancer Res ... skin tumour affecting horses, donkeys and mules, is associated with strains of BPV 1 2 which may be equine ... Vaccine s against BPV types 1, 2 and 4 have been developed by M. Saveria Campo and others ... ACIP . MMWR 56 1 24 ref ref name Harper Harper DM, Franco EL, Wheeler CM, et al. 2006 Sustained ... DEFAULTSORT Bovine Papillomavirus Category Bovine diseases Category Horse diseases Category Papillomavirus ... more details
F title Nucleotide sequence of the bovine insulin like growth factor 1 IGF 1 and its IGF 1A precursor ... to increase milk production. Bovine somatotropin abbreviated bST and BST , or BGH , is a peptide ... files publications factsheet FN 250 6.pdf title Bovine Somatotropin in Milk accessdate 2011 03 06 ... bovine somatotropin rBST , recombinant bovine growth hormone rBGH , or artificial growth hormone ... to become rBST free. ref name seattlepi.nwsource.com cite news title Safeway milk free of bovine ... from Monsanto s Bovine Growth Hormone last North first R accessdate 2008 01 29 date 2007 01 10 publisher ... as the sole source of the hormone was from bovine cadaver s. During this time, the knowledge of the structure ... and Bovine Somatotropin url http www.extension.umn.edu distribution livestocksystems DI6337.html publisher ... info index.html archivedate January 1, 2008 ref which is produced through a Genetic engineering ... IGF 1 lower nutritional quality when produced at certain points in the cow s lactation cycle ... on bovine health. ref name Dohoo2003 cite journal author Dohoo, I. coauthors Leslie, K. Desc teaux, L. Shewfelt, W. date 1 October 2003 title A meta analysis review of the effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin 1. Methodology and effects on production journal Can J Vet Res volume 67 issue 4 pages ... L, Leslie K, et al. title A meta analysis review of the effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin ... of Bovine Somatotrophin url http ec.europa.eu food fs sc scah out21 en.pdf format pdf date 1999 03 ... ahc asc media nr cp 1999 1999 03 e.html publisher Health Canada title Health Canada rejects bovine ... rBST treated milk. ref name Bauman 1992 3432 3451 cite journal last Bauman first Dale title Bovine ... 3 pmid 1474210 issue 12 ref Insulin like growth factor IGF , normally occurs in bovine and human ... which increases growth and milk production. Bovine and porcine IGF I are identical to human ... 18.3.676 pmc 333498 ref Injected IGF Neither IGF 1 or IGF 2 are absorbed by the stomach or intestine ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Bovine coronavirus virus group iv ordo Nidovirales familia Coronaviridae species Bovine coronavirus Introduction Bovine coronavirus BCV is as a member of the Coronaviridae family which are enveloped, single stranded, positive sense RNA viruses with a club shaped surface. Infection causes Calf Enteritis and contributes to the Enzootic Pneumonia complex in calves. It can also cause Winter Dysentry in adult cattle. It can infect both domestic and wild ruminants and has a worldwide distribution. Transmission is Horizontal transmission horizontal , via Fecal oral route oro fecal or respiratory routes. Clinical Signs & Diagnosis Infection normally occurs in calves between the ages of one week and three months . Gastrointestinal signs include profuse diarrhea , dehydration , depression, reduced weight gain and Anorexia symptom anorexia . Respiratory infection in the calf produces a serous to purulent nasal discharge. Clinical signs may worsen with secondary bacteria infection. Infection in adults is normally Subclinical infection subclinical , the exception being with Winter Dysentry, which affects housed cattle over the Winter months. Clinical signs include profuse diarrhea and a significant drop in milk yield is seen in Winter Dysentry outbreaks. A presumptive diagnosis can be made based on the history and clinical signs . Definitive diagnosis of an enteric coronavirus infection is achieved by performing electron microscopy or an ELISA on a faecal or tissue sample. In respiratory disease, diagnosis is confirmed by performing a immunofluorescence direct fluorescent antibody test on nasal washes which identifies the viral antigen. The haemagglutination haemagglutination ... reduce disease incidence. References Bovine Coronavirus, reviewed and published by WikiVet at http en.wikivet.net Bovine Coronavirus, accessed 20 08 2011. Category Animal virology Category Viral diseases Category Bovine diseases Veterinary med stub ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Bovine parvovirus virus group ii familia Parvoviridae genus Parvovirus species Bovine parvovirus Bovine parvovirus BPV , also known as Haemadsorbing Enteric Virus , is a member of the Parvoviridae parvivirus group, with three significant sub species BPV1, 2 and 3. BPV most commonly causes diarrhoea in neonatal calves and respiratory and reproductive disease in adult cattle . The distribution of the virus is worldwide. Transmission is both Vertical transmission vertical transplacental route and Horizontal transmission horizontal Fecal oral route oro faecal route . The virus is very resistant to chemical and physical challenges. Clinical signs and diagnosis Diarrhoea is often the only clinical sign in neonatal calves. Reproductive infection causes abortion and the birth of weak or stillborn calves. Respiratory signs such as coughing, dyspnoea and nasal discharge also can occur. The clinical signs of BPV may be made worse by concurrent GI infections. Immunofluorescence IF , PCR , Agglutination haemagglutination , ELISA and electron microscopy can be used to identify and diagnose the virus. Aborted fetuses are oedematous and have increased pleural and peritoneal fluid. Immunofluorescence IF can be used to detect the virus in fetal organs. Autopsy Post mortem examination of infected calves should show intestinal lesions. Treatment and control Treatment and control is achieved by vaccination of the dams during gestation . Appropriate hygiene and disinfection methods should also be employed. See Also Parvovirus Parvovirus, canine Parvovirus, feline Parvovirus, porcine References Bovine Parvovirus, reviewed and published by Wikivet at http en.wikivet.net Bovine Parvovirus, accessed 23 08 2011. Category Animal virology Category Viral diseases Category Bovine diseases Veterinary med stub ... more details
one source date August 2011 Taxobox name Bovine adenovirus virus group i familia Adenoviridae genus Atadenovirus species Bovine adenovirus Bovine Adenovirus , also known as BAdV , is a member of the Adenoviridae family that causes disease in cattle . There are 10 serotypes recognised and the virus had a worldwide distribution being particularly common in Africa and Central America . Infection usually results in disease of the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract. Infection may also cause ocular or generalised signs and may contribute to enzootic pneumonia , depending on the serotype of the virus. However, infection may not always result in disease as the virus can be isolated in healthy cattle. Once infected, the cattle Viral shedding shed the virus for approximately 10 days in the respiratory secretions or feces some cattle may become persistently infected, resulting in excretion of the virus for much longer. Clinical Signs & Diagnosis Clinical signs are more common in younger animals as the levels of Passive immunity maternal antibodies begin to wane, from as young as two weeks old. Gastrointestinal signs include diarrhoea , a reduced appetite and abdominal distension. Respiratory signs include coughing , serous nasal discharge, dyspnea and tachypnea . Signs may worsen if a secondary infection occurs. The classical signs of a generalised disease, such as pyrexia , weight loss, depression, weakness, lymphadenopathy and lethargy may also be seen. Sudden death is also reported. Definitive diagnosis can only be achieved by measuring a fourfold rise in antibody titre over the course of the disease. Presence of the virus alone cannot confirm diagnosis due to it presence in healthy cattle. Virus isolation is the only way to identify the serotype of the adenovirus. Autopsy Postmortem .... References Bovine Adenovirus, reviewed and published by WikiVet at http en.wikivet.net Bovine Adenovirus, accessed 18 08 2011. Category Animal virology Category Viral diseases Category Bovine diseases ... more details
Image Cowfight0a.jpg right thumb 250px A cow fight in the amphitheatre in Martigny, Switzerland . Bovine sports is an overarching term that describes a group of sports that involve a bovine, commonly a bull, ox, cow or calf. This can be for sporting, recreational or work purposes. American rodeo main Rodeo American rodeo is a sporting event that consists of different events that involve cattle and horses, designed to test the skill and speed of the cowboy cowgirl, for example bull riding . Asian water buffalo festivals main Domestic buffalo In South east Asia, domestic buffalo water buffalo racing or fighting is a feature during various festivals in Vietnam , Thailand , Malaysia , Cambodia and Bhogali Bihu Assam . Basque oxen trials main Idi probak The idi probak Basque language Basque for oxen tests is the most popular form of the Basque dragging games. It involves oxen, usually a pair, dragging a rock from one side of a quare to another. Bovine bingo main Bovine bingo Bull baiting main Bull baiting Bullfighting main Bullfighting Bullfighting is a traditional sport in Spain , Portugal , some cities of southern France , and several Latin America Latin American countries. Bull leaping main Bull leaping Bull leaping is an ancient sport depicted in Bronze Age art. It is often interpreted as a ritual performed in connection with bull worship and consists of acrobatic leaps over a bull. Cantabrian bovine dragging Image arrastrecantabria.jpg thumb 216px Tudanca Cattle Tudanca cows in a dragging competition in Cantabria , northern Spain . The concurso de arrastre Spanish language Spanish for dragging test is a pulling game where oxen or cows drag a weight. It is also known as tiru g eis , tira bueis Cantabrian dialect Cantabrian for oxen pulling , arrastre de narras , arrastre de basnas sleigh dragging , arrastre de piedra stone dragging or simply arrastre dragging . Chilean rodeo main Chilean rodeo Chilean rodeo has been the national sport of Chile since 1962. It is different ... more details
Infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name Going Bovine image image caption author Libba Bray country USA language English translator cover artist Yuan Lee genre Young adult fiction Surrealism surreal black comedy dark comedy publisher Delacorte Press release date 2009 media type Print Hardcover pages 496 isbn 9780385733977 oclc preceded by followed by Going Bovine is a 2009 in literature 2009 Surrealism surreal black comedy dark comedy novel by Libba Bray . It follows the experiences of high school junior Cameron Smith as he suffers from transmissible spongiform encephalopathy . ref http www.amazon.com dp 0385733976 ref Plot summary Cameron Smith is a high school slacker from Texas living a somewhat aimless life. His father is a college physics professor his mother is a community college English teacher. Cameron s life starts to spiral out of control when he is diagnosed with Creutzfeldt Jakob disease Creutzfeldt Jakob variant BSE , a slowly progressive fatal disease also known as mad cow disease , for which there is no cure. But he is visited in the hospital by Dulcie, an angel with pink hair who wears boots and spray paints her wings she tells him that he can possibly save his life, but only by first finding Dr. X, a time traveling physicist. Cameron starts thinking about his journey and how he can succeed and get the most out of it.Unconvinced at first by Dulcie s suggestion, Cameron changes his mind when he is attacked by fire giants and a mysterious Wizard of Reckoning a masked figure wearing a silver space suit who is intent on killing him. Cameron sneaks out of the hospital with his roommate and high school classmate, Gonzo, a video game playing dwarf with an overprotective mother on a quest that takes them from Texas to New Orleans and into Florida , all the while pursued by the Wizard of Reckoning and his fire giants. Throughout ... Bovine work randomhouse.com accessdate 11 January 2010 ref 2010 Michael L. Printz Award winner ref ... more details
Image Ah2 nih.PNG thumb widthpx 3D NIH Image of typical structure of alcelaphine herpesvirus Alcelaphine herpesvirus 2 is a type of rhadinovirus that is believed to be responsible for causing hartebeest infections of malignant catarrhal fever ref cite book last Fauquet first C authorlink coauthors J. Maniloff, U. Desselberger, L.A. Ball title Virus Taxonomy Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses Eighth Report of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses publisher Academic Press year 2005 location pages url doi id isbn 0 12 249951 4 ref . Clinical Definition Distantly related to human herpes , a virus of this type is composed of a series of double strand sequences of up to 100 gene segments, aligned along a long chromosome surrounded by terminal DNA segments. The effect of the virus is to cause nasal discharge, a high fever, filmed over eyes, failures of the lymphatic system , inflammation of various mucus membranes , and occasionally necrosis of the upper digestive system. Very advanced cases show signs of decay of the nervous system . Occasionally, lesions, arthritis , and digestive problems such as diarrhea have been observed. ref Adams, S.W., and Mutt, LM. 1990. Characterization of envelope proteins of alcelaphine herpesvirus1 & 2. Journal of. Virology, 64 3382 3390. ref Etiology The agent of MCF in hartebeests, it is related to other variants that strike down ... or at least carry this virus. ref Katz, J 991. Molecular diagnosis of alcelaphine herpesvirus malignant catarrhal fever infections by nested amplification of viral DNA in bovine blood buffy coat specimens ... RANGING CERVIDS ASSOCIATED WITH OVHV 2 AND CPHV 2 DNA J. Wildl. Dis., October 1, 2006 42 4 797 807 ... Red Deer Cervus elaphus barbarus Naturally Infected with a Virus Resembling Alcelaphine Herpesvirus ... herpesvirus 2 is primarily transmitted by nasal emissions, by contact with water, flood, feces ... Alcelaphine Herpesvirus 2 Category Animal diseases Category Herpesviruses ... more details
Taxobox virus group i familia Herpesviridae subfamilia Gammaherpesvirinae genus Rhadinovirus species Murid herpesvirus 4 MuHV 4 Murid herpesvirus 4 MuHV 4 is a virus in the genus Rhadinovirus . It is a member of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae in the family Herpesviridae . MuHV 4 infects mice via the nasal passages and causes an acute infectious mononucleosis like syndrome with elevated levels of leukocytes , and shifts in the relative proportion of lymphocytes along with the appearance of atypical mononuclear cells. ref cite journal title Comparison of pathogenic properties of the murid gammaherpesvirus MuHV 4 strains a role for immunomodulatory proteins encoded by the left 5 end of the genome journal Central European Journal of Biology volume 3 issue 1 March, 2008 author Jela Mistr kov , and J lius Raj ni url http www.springerlink.com content mu67168148k1464x ref Murid herpesvirus 4 currently serves as a model for study of human gamma herpesvirus pathogenesis . ref cite journal title Murine gammaherpesvirus MHV MK3 gene sequence diversity among 72, 4556, and 68 strains journal Virus Genes volume 2006 Aug 33 1 51 8 author Valovicov M, Rezuchor I, Mac kov K, Petrov P, Matis J, K delov M pmid 16791419 doi 10.1007 s11262 005 0038 4 year 2006 pages 51 issue 1 ref Seven strains of MuHV 4 have been isolated, including the following six MHV um MHV 60 Murid herpesvirus 68 MHV 68 MHV 72 MHV 76 MHV 4556 References references DEFAULTSORT Murid Herpesvirus 4 Category Herpesviruses Category Animal virology ... more details
. ref name flamand cite journal doi 10.1002 jmv.21839 title Review, part 1 Human herpesvirus 6 basic ... 1 infection in human CD8 T lymphocytes by human herpesvirus 6 author1 Lusso first1 Paolo last2 De ... 49 1 34 AID JMV6 3.0.CO 2 L title Human herpesvirus 6 induces IL 8 gene expression in human hepatoma ...Taxobox color violet name Human herpesvirus 6 image HHV 6 EM.jpg image caption Electron micrograph of HHV ... ranks Species subdivision Human herpesvirus 6 HHV 6 Human herpesvirus 6 HHV 6 is one of the eight known herpesvirus es that infect humans. HHV 6 is a double stranded DNA virus within the betaherpesvirinae ... susceptibilities of human herpesvirus 6 variants to type I interferons year 2010 last1 Jaworska first1 ... into two subspecies HHV 6A and HHV 6B. ref cite journal doi 10.1007 BF01316913 title Human herpesvirus ... volume 129 pages 363 6 pmid 8385923 issue 1 4 ref HHV 6A is more neurovirulent, and as such is more ... herpesvirus 6 infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients year 2004 last1 Yoshikawa ... Analysis of a Neutralizing Antibody for Human Herpesvirus 6B Reveals a Role for Glycoprotein Q1 in Viral ... Pellett first3 PE title Human herpesvirus 6 volume 10 issue 3 pages 521 67 pmc 172933 journal Clinical ... title The latent human herpesvirus 6A genome specifically integrates in telomeres of human ... title Human herpesvirus 6 entry into the central nervous system through the olfactory ... virus Group I virus. herpesvirus was established initially as a genus in 1971 in the first report ..., this order currently has 3 families, 3 subfamilies plus 1 unassigned, 17 genera, 90 species ... title Herpesvirus systematics year 2010 last1 Davison first1 Andrew J. journal Veterinary Microbiology volume 143 pages 52 69 pmid 20346601 issue 1 pmc 2995426 ref Structure The diameter of an HHV ... title Y Human herpesvirus 6 envelope components enriched in lipid rafts Evidence for virion associated ... journal doi 10.1016 j.virol.2010.08.018 title Human herpesvirus 6 encoded glycoprotein Q1 gene is essential ... more details
Journal of Virology date January 2007 pages 280 291 volume 81 issue 1 title Glycoprotein L Disruption ... 81 1 280 ref The open reading frame M7 of the MHV 68 genome encodes for the surface receptor glycoprotein ... 220. ref name Mac kov MHV 68 is more closely related to the Kaposi s Sarcoma associated herpesvirus ... H, K delov M pmid 12683351 year 2003 issue 1 pages 89 95 ref Glycoprotein 150 allows MHV 68 to bind to B cells . ref name Stewart References references DEFAULTSORT Murid Herpesvirus 68 Category ... more details
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