is the inability of the infected animal to stand. BovineSpongiformEncephalopathy BSE ... equally susceptible. ref name FSRIO cite web title A Focus on BovineSpongiformEncephalopathy ... to the recognition of BSE. ref http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 9169904 Bovinespongiformencephalopathy ... BovineSpongiformEncephalopathy and Canadian Beef Imports. CRS Report for Congress. RL32627 ... AP News ref Wiktionary Bovinespongiformencephalopathy Cause File Aphis.usda.gov BSE 5.jpg ... . BSE is a type of transmissible spongiformencephalopathy TSE . ref name TSE cite web title Bovine ... time, that a 10 year old cow from Alabama with an atypical form of bovinespongiformencephalopathy ... 06 20 ref ref cite web title BovineSpongiformEncephalopathy Mad Cow Disease url http www.fsis.usda.gov Fact Sheets BovineSpongiformEncephalopathy Mad Cow Disease index.asp accessdate 2008 04 08 year .... ref cite journal author Colchester AC, Colchester NT title The origin of bovinespongiformencephalopathy ... Origin of bovinespongiformencephalopathy Authors reply journal The Lancet volume 367 issue 9507 ... become ataxia ataxic . ref name WikiVet http en.wikivet.net BovineSpongiformEncephalopathyBovineSpongiformEncephalopathy reviewed and published by WikiVet , accessed 11 October 2011. ref Systemic ... to BovineSpongiformEncephalopathy and the Emergence of a New Variant of Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease ... Bovinespongiformencephalopathy Commons category Bovinespongiformencephalopathy DMOZ Health Animal Conditions and Diseases Transmissible SpongiformEncephalopathyBovineSpongiformEncephalopathy ... cases of bovinespongiformencephalopathy BSE in farmed cattle worldwide excluding the United Kingdom Prion diseases DEFAULTSORT BovineSpongiformEncephalopathy Category Bovine diseases Category ... spongiforme bovine gl Encefalopat a esponxiforme bovina ko id Bovinespongiformencephalopathy ... failure of the infectious disease model of spongiformencephalopathy. journal Clin Invest Med issue ... more details
Feline spongiformencephalopathy is a disease that affects the brains and livers Citation needed date January 2008 of felidae feline s. It is caused by protein s called prion s. Disease Feline spongiformencephalopathy FSE is a prion disease thought to be related to Bovinespongiformencephalopathy BSE . This disease is known to affect domestic and captive feline species . Lezmi S. et al. 2003 , suggested that this infectious agent might be spread by both Hematology haematogenous and Nervous system nervous pathways. Like BSE, this disease can take several years to develop. It is probable, but not proven, that the affected animals contract the disease by eating contaminated bovine meat. Clinical signs Ataxia was observed to last for about 8 weeks in the affected animals. The ultimate result is death of the infected animals. Epidemiology This disease was first reported in the United Kingdom in 1990. Up until about 5 years ago, there were reports of 87 FSE cases only domestic cats in the UK, one in Norway, one in Northern Ireland and one in Switzerland. However, since 1990, other feline species in zoo s were reported to have contracted this disease. Diagnosis This disease can only be confirmed at the post mortem , which includes identification of bilaterally symmetrical vacuole vacuolation of the neuropil and vacuolation in neuron es. Lesion s are likely to be found in basal ganglia , cerebral cortex and thalamus of the brain . Treatment This is a Terminal illness terminal condition and there is currently no specific treatment for the disease. See also Bovinespongiformencephalopathy References http www.provet.co.uk petfacts healthtips fse2.htm Lezmi S., Bencsik A., Monks E., Petit T., Baron T. First case of spongiformencephalopathy in a captive cheetah born in France PrP sc analysis in various tissues revealed unexpected targeting of the kidney and adrenal gland Histochem ... diseases veterinary med stub Category Cat diseases Category Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies ... more details
deer , Mule Deer and Red Deer CWD prion MDePrP sup Sc sup 90.001.0.01.004. Bovinespongiformencephalopathy ... amplification of Bovinespongiformencephalopathy BSE in the British cattle herd heightened fear of transmission ... exposed to Bovinespongiformencephalopathy BSE . ref cite journal author Will RG, Ironside JW ...Infobox disease Name Transmissible spongiformencephalopathy Image Caption DiseasesDB 25165 ICD10 ICD10 ... volume 56 issue 9 pages 1235 1242 title Spiroplasma spp. from transmissible spongiformencephalopathy brains or ticks induce spongiformencephalopathy in ruminants author Bastian FO, Sanders DE, Forbes ... animals consume tainted tissues from others with the disease. In recent times a type of TSE called bovinespongiformencephalopathy BSE spread in cattle in an epidemic fashion. This occurred because cattle .... Feline spongiformencephalopathy FSE Cats FSE prion FePrP sup Sc sup 90.001.0.01.006. Exotic ungulate ... P, Bradley R title 1755 and all that a historical primer of transmissible spongiformencephalopathy ... with an explanation of how a prion protein might transmit spongiformencephalopathy. ref cite ... 03 15171 9 ref It wasn t until 1988 that the neuropathology of spongiformencephalopathy was properly ... disease of our times failure of the infectious disease model of spongiformencephalopathy journal ... in the use of the term spongiformencephalopathy for this group of disorders. Prions appear to be most ... PSL which is a spongiformencephalopathy is also probably not caused by a prion, although ... SL, King D, et al. title High titers of transmissible spongiformencephalopathy infectivity associated ... links DMOZ Health Animal Conditions and Diseases Transmissible SpongiformEncephalopathy Prion diseases ... Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies TSE s , also known as prion diseases , are a group of progressive ... causing it to appear like a sponge hence spongiform when brain tissue obtained at autopsy is examined ... prions non infective. Classification class wikitable Known spongiform encephalopathies http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ... more details
, and a 100 mortality rate. Includes bovinespongiformencephalopathy mad cow disease , scrapie ... cause Transmissible spongiformencephalopathy transmissible spongiform encephalopathies , are invariably ... failure, or intoxication Transmissible spongiformencephalopathy A collection of diseases all caused ...Refimprove date March 2008 Infobox disease Name Encephalopathy Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 348.30 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D001927 Encephalopathy IPA en n s f l p i ... cite web url http www.emedicine.com asp dictionary.asp?keyword Encephalopathy title eMedicine Stedman ... H3llBot ref In modern usage, encephalopathy does not refer to a single disease , but rather to a syndrome ... In some contexts it refers to permanent or degenerative ref DorlandsDict three 000035088 encephalopathy ..., toxins, and several other causes. Types There are many types of encephalopathy. Some examples include MELAS Mitochondrial encephalopathy Metabolic disorder caused by dysfunction of mitochondrial DNA. Can affect many body systems, particularly the brain and nervous system. Glycine encephalopathy A genetic metabolic disorder involving excess production of glycine Hepatic encephalopathy Arising from advanced cirrhosis of the liver Cerebral hypoxia Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy Permanent or transitory encephalopathy arising from severely reduced oxygen delivery to the brain Static encephalopathy Unchanging, or permanent, brain damage Uremic encephalopathy Arising from high levels of toxins normally cleared by the kidneys rare where dialysis is readily available Wernicke s encephalopathy Arising from thiamine deficiency, usually in the setting of alcoholism Hashimoto s encephalopathy Arising from an auto immune disorder Hypertensive encephalopathy Arising from acutely increased blood pressure Lyme encephalopathy Arising from Lyme disease bacteria, including Borrelia burgdorferi . Toxic encephalopathy A form of encephalopathy caused by chemicals, often resulting in permanent brain ... more details
from transmissible spongiformencephalopathy. Gonzo , Cameron s traveling companion, a Dwarfism dwarf ...Infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name Going Bovine image image caption author Libba Bray country USA language English translator cover artist Yuan Lee genre Young adult fiction Surrealism surreal black comedy dark comedy publisher Delacorte Press release date 2009 media type Print Hardcover pages 496 isbn 9780385733977 oclc preceded by followed by Going Bovine is a 2009 in literature 2009 Surrealism surreal black comedy dark comedy novel by Libba Bray . It follows the experiences of high school junior Cameron Smith as he suffers from transmissible spongiformencephalopathy . ref http www.amazon.com dp 0385733976 ref Plot summary Cameron Smith is a high school slacker from Texas living a somewhat aimless life. His father is a college physics professor his mother is a community college English teacher. Cameron s life starts to spiral out of control when he is diagnosed with Creutzfeldt Jakob disease Creutzfeldt Jakob variant BSE , a slowly progressive fatal disease also known as mad cow disease , for which there is no cure. But he is visited in the hospital by Dulcie, an angel with pink hair who wears boots and spray paints her wings she tells him that he can possibly save his life, but only by first finding Dr. X, a time traveling physicist. Cameron starts thinking about his journey and how he can succeed and get the most out of it.Unconvinced at first by Dulcie s suggestion, Cameron changes his mind when he is attacked by fire giants and a mysterious Wizard of Reckoning a masked figure wearing a silver space suit who is intent on killing him. Cameron sneaks out of the hospital with his roommate and high school classmate, Gonzo, a video game playing dwarf with an overprotective mother on a quest that takes them from Texas to New ... Bovine work randomhouse.com accessdate 11 January 2010 ref 2010 Michael L. Printz Award winner ref ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Toxic encephalopathy Image MRI toxic encephalopathy.gif Caption MRI of the brain in a patient with chronic toxic encephalopathy shows a generalized volume loss. DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 ... encephalopathy , also known as toxic metabolic encephalopathy , is a Neurodegenerative disease degenerative ... Toxic encephalopathy can be caused by various chemicals, some of which are commonly used in everyday life. ref name NTEF Toxic encephalopathy can permanently damage the brain and currently, treatment is mainly just for the symptoms. ref name NINDS2 Signs and symptoms Encephalopathy is a general term .... ref name TBE cite web last Rogers first Sherry title Toxic Brain Encephalopathy url http www.burningissues.org ... Publishing year 1996 accessdate 2009 04 21 ref The most prominent characteristic of toxic encephalopathy is an altered mental status. Toxic encephalopathy has a wide variety of symptoms, ref Bradley ... What is Encephalopathy? url http www.ninds.nih.gov disorders encephalopathy encephalopathy.htm What ... last Chalela first Julio coauthors Kasner, Scott date 2007 11 28 title Acute toxic metabolic encephalopathy ... risk for developing toxic encephalopathy. ref name CTE Baker, E. 2008 . Chronic toxic encephalopathy ... compensation. A thorough and standard diagnostic process is paramount with toxic encephalopathy ... testing. ref name CTE Causes In addition, chemicals, such as lead , that could instigate toxic encephalopathy ... of air fresheners or applied in the case of perfumes . ref name NTEF cite web title National Toxic Encephalopathy Foundation url http national toxic encephalopathy foundation.org work publisher date accessdate ..., the symptoms of toxic encephalopathy begin to emerge. ref name TBE However, in chronic situations ... and increased concentration of the chemical solvents will worsen the effects of toxic encephalopathy ... CTE Treatment Treatment is mainly for the symptoms that toxic encephalopathy brings upon victims ...? url http www.ninds.nih.gov disorders encephalopathy encephalopathy.htm Is there any treatment work ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Wernicke encephalopathy Image Thiamine 2D skeletal.png Caption Thiamine DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 E 51 2 e 50 ICD9 ICD9 265.1 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj emerg eMedicineTopic 642 MeshID Wernicke encephalopathy is a syndrome characterised by ataxia , ophthalmoplegia , nystagmus, confusion, and impairment of short term memory . ref name Aminoff Aminoff, Michael J., Greenberg, David A., Simon, Roger P. 2005 Clinical Neurology 6th ed. , page 113. Lange Medical Books McGraw Hill. ISBN 0 07 142360 5 ref ref name Beers Beers, Mark H. et al. 2006 , The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy 18th ed. , pages 1688 1689. Merck Research Laboratories 2006, ISBN 0911910 18 2 ref It is caused ... bariatric surgery . ref name Aasheim Aasheim, Erlend Tuseth 2008 , Wernicke encephalopathy after bariatric ... s Encephalopathy after Gastric Bypass Surgery, Neuro Ophthalmology, Jul Aug2006, Vol. 30 Issue ... s encephalopathy begins abruptly, usually with eye movement disorders pathologic nystagmus nystagmus ... ref name Beers The pathological changes seen in Wernicke s encephalopathy are concentrated in the mammillary ..., IVth, VIth, and VIIIth cranial nerve nuclei. Despite its name, Wernicke s encephalopathy is not related ... The neuropathy of Wernicke s encephalopathy causes neuron death due to the effects of thiamine deficiency ... target in thiamine deficiency and Wernicke s encephalopathy journal Neurochemistry international volume ... encephalopathy ref cite journal author Zimitat C, Nixon PF title Glucose loading precipitates acute encephalopathy in thiamin deficient rats journal Metab Brain Dis volume 14 issue 1 pages 1 20 year 1999 .... When treated early, recovery is normally rapid and complete. Established Wernicke s encephalopathy ... care. ref NHS Fife Pharmacy Services. Wernicke s encephalopathy WE and Thiamine Supplementation for Alcohol ... home special subjects drug use and abuse alcohol.html v835103 The Merck Manual, Wernicke s encephalopathy ... s encephalopathy MR and Gross Brain Pictures Nutritional pathology Category Brain disorders Category ... more details
Use British English date October 2010 Infobox disease Name Hepatic encephalopathy ICD10 ICD10 K 72 k ... II astrocyte s, as may be seen in hepatic encephalopathy. Alt MedlinePlus 000302 No diseasesDB entry ... encephalopathy also known as portosystemic encephalopathy is the occurrence of mental confusion ... . The diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy requires the presence of impaired liver function and the exclusion ... . ref name Cash ref name ChungPodolsky Hepatic encephalopathy is reversible with treatment ... liver failure , the onset of encephalopathy may indicate the need for a Liver transplantation liver transplant . ref name Cash ref name Polson Signs and symptoms The mildest form of hepatic encephalopathy ... as forgetfulness, mild confusion and irritability. More severe encephalopathy is characterised ... and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy journal QJM volume 103 issue 1 pages 9 16 year ... encephalopathy lead to a worsening level of consciousness, from lethargy to somnolence and eventually ... advanced stage cerebral edema swelling of the brain tissue leads to death. ref name Cash Encephalopathy ..., namely extending rather than flexing Babinski s sign in severe encephalopathy. A particular smell Fetor ... 1858 69 chapter Cirrhosis and its complications ref Causes In a small proportion of cases, the encephalopathy ..., especially in chronic liver disease, hepatic encephalopathy is caused or aggravated by an additional ... encephalopathy pathophysiology and emerging therapies journal Med. Clin. North Am. volume 93 issue ... encephalopathy may also occur after the creation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt ... with refractory ascites editor1 last Saab editor1 first Sammy ref TIPSS related encephalopathy occurs in about 30 of cases, with the risk being higher in those with previous episodes of encephalopathy ... and grading West Haven Criteria The severity of hepatic encephalopathy is graded with the West ... and neomycin in the treatment of chronic portal systemic encephalopathy. A double blind controlled ... more details
Hypertensive encephalopathy is a neurological dysfunction induced by malignant hypertension . The term hypertensive encephalopathy was introduced to describe this type of encephalopathy by Oppenheimer ..., caused by sudden and sustained severe elevation of blood pressure . Hypertensive encephalopathy ... encephalopathy include headache, restlessness, nausea, disturbances of consciousness, seizure s, retina ... encephalopathy was introduced by Oppenheimer and Fishberg in 1928 to describe the case of a patient ... 1928 In the past, the term hypertensive encephalopathy has been applied to a range of neurological ... FA Jr 1972 Hypertensive encephalopathy. Am J Med 52 672 678. ref ref Ram CVS 1978 Hypertensive encephalopathy recognition and management. Arch Int Med 138 1851 1853. ref ref name Dinsdale 1983 Clinical features Hypertensive encephalopathy is most commonly encountered in young and middle aged people who suffer from hypertension . ref name Dinsdale 1983 Dinsdale HB 1983 Hypertensive encephalopathy ... RO 1953 Malignant hypertension and hypertensive encephalopathy. Am J Med 14 175 183 ref ref name Chester et al. 1978 Chester EM, Agamanolis DP, Banker BQ, Victor M 1978 Hypertensive encephalopathy ... hypertension developed hypertensive encephalopathy. ref name Clarke and Murphy 1956 Clarke ... ref name Ziegler et al. 1965 Ziegler DK, Zosa A, Zileli T 1965 Hypertensive encephalopathy Arch Neurol ... Hypertensive encephalopathy and the neurological manifestations of malignant hypertension. Neurology ... of hypertension, hypertensive encephalopathy has been becoming more rare. Symptoms of hypertensive encephalopathy typically start to occur 12 48 hours after a sudden and sustained increase in blood ... areas. Pathogenesis Hypertensive encephalopathy is caused by an increase in blood pressure. Several ... encephalopathy may occur in pheochromocytoma , Cushing s syndrome, renal artery thrombosis . The impairment of cerebral blood flow that underlies hypertensive encephalopathy is still controversial. Normally ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 refimprove date February 2008 Infobox Disease Name Ethylmalonic encephalopathy Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 602473 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Ethylmalonic encephalopathy is a rare autosome autosomal dominance genetics recessive ref name eear cite journal pmid 18593870 year 2008 month Jul author Mineri R, Rimoldi M, Burlina AB, Koskull S, Perletti C, Heese B, Von D beln U, Mereghetti P, Di Meo I, Invernizzi F, Zeviani M, Uziel G, Tiranti V title Identification of new mutations in the ETHE1 gene in a cohort of 14 patients presenting with ethylmalonic encephalopathy volume 45 issue 7 pages 473 8 doi 10.1136 jmg.2008.058271 journal Journal of medical genetics ref genetic disorder defined as an inborn error of metabolism , in detail a failure to detoxify hydrogen sulfide in mitochondria which results normally from cysteine degradation. It affects several body systems, including the gastrointestinal system , circulatory system , and particularly the nervous system . ref name eeo cite journal author Zafeiriou DI, Augoustide Savvopoulou P, Haas D, Smet J, Triantafyllou P, Vargiami E, Tamiolaki M, Gombakis N, van Coster R, Seweil AC, Vianey Saban C, Gregersen N title Ethylmalonic encephalopathy clinical and biochemical observations journal Neuropediatrics volume 38 issue 2 pages 78 82 year 2007 pmid 17712735 doi 10.1055 s 2007 984447 ref ref cite pmid 19136963 ref Symptoms Neurologic signs and symptoms include progressively delayed development, weak muscle tone hypotonia , seizures, and abnormal movements. The body s network ... encephalopathy. The signs and symptoms of ethylmalonic encephalopathy are apparent at birth or begin ... encephalopathy has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance . Mutations in the ETHE1 gene cause ethylmalonic encephalopathy. The ETHE1 gene makes an enzyme that plays an important role ... enzyme leads to progressive brain dysfunction and the other features of ethylmalonic encephalopathy ... more details
Hashimoto s Encephalopathy is a very rare condition associated with Hashimoto s thyroiditis . It was first described in 1966. It is classified as a neuroendocrine disorder. Up to and including 2005 there have been almost 200 case reports of this disease. Up to 1990 only 8 cases reports including the original case had been published. Between 1990 and 2000 43 cases were published. More cases are being reported now, this suggests that this rare condition is likely to have been undiagnosed in the past. MRI s in combination with CSF test are utilized for the diagnosis. History The first case was described by Brain et al. in 1966. ref name Brain1966 Brain L, Jellinek EH Ball K 1966 Hashimoto s disease and encephalopathy. Lancet 2 512 514 ref The patient was a 48 year old man with hypothyroidism , multiple episodes of encephalopathy, stroke like symptoms and Hashimoto s thyroiditis confirmed by elevated anti thyroid antibodies. Definition A relapsing encephalopathy occurring in association with Hashimoto s thyroiditis, with high titers of anti thyroid antibodies. Clinically, the condition may present one or more symptoms. Onset is gradual and may go unnoticed by the patient and close associates to the patients. Symptoms can resolve themselves within days to weeks, leaving a patient undiagnosed ... of serum autoantibodies against the amino terminal of alpha enolase in Hashimoto s encephalopathy ... days. Some of the more common symptoms of Hashimoto s encephalopathy include personality changes aggression ... May contain antithyroid antibodies Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities consistent with encephalopathy ... is now also referred to as steroid responsive encephalopathy. Initial treatment is usually ... stay in remission after discontinuation of treatment. Alternative names Steroid responsive encephalopathy ... An article on Hashimoto s encephalopathy http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 18990131 cite doi 10.1016 S0140 6736 03 12517 2 References references DEFAULTSORT Hashimoto s Encephalopathy Category Neuroendocrinology ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Glycine Encephalopathy Non ketotic Hyperglycinemia Image Glycin Glycine.svg ... D020158 Glycine encephalopathy also known as non ketotic hyperglycinemia or NKH is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of glycine metabolism. After phenylketonuria , glycine encephalopathy is the second ... glycine in bodily fluids and tissues, especially the cerebral spinal fluid. Glycine encephalopathy ... confusion, the term glycine encephalopathy is often used, as this term more accurately describes the clinical ... encephalopathy, although some causes of the disease are still unknown. The GCS has its highest ... types on glycine encephalopathy show elevated levels of glycine in the plasma, and cerebral spinal fluid ... encephalopathy nonketotic hyperglycinemia should not be confused with other metabolic disorders that can ... Acidemias An Overview GeneReviews NCBI Bookshelf format work accessdate ref Glycine encephalopathy ... There are several different forms of glycine encephalopathy, which can be distinguished by the age of onset, as well as the types and severity of symptoms. All forms of glycine encephalopathy ... With the classical, or neonatal presentation of glycine encephalopathy, the infant is born after .... ref name scriver Patients with the infantile form of glycine encephalopathy do not show lethargy .... ref name genereviews cite web title Glycine Encephalopathy url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov books NBK1357 ... 2011 09 22 ref Glycine encephalopathy can also present as a milder form with episodic seizures ... Image autorecessive.svg thumb right Glycine Encephalopathy Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Glycine encephalopathy has an estimated incidence of 1 in 60,000 ... have been linked to glycine encephalopathy. ref name sarafaglou cite book title Pediatric Endocrinology ... subunit, also called glycine decarboxylase About 70 75 of cases of glycine encephalopathy ... been no mutations in GCSL found to be associated with glycine encephalopathy. A small percentage ... more details
Bovine podiatry is a branch of veterinary medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of the defects of a bovine hoof . See also Cow hoof References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Bovine Podiatry Category Bovine health Category Veterinary professions Category Cattle veterinary med stub ... more details
Bovine herpesvirus is a group of virus es from the family Herpesviridae that affect cattle . Bovine herpesvirus 1 of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae and genus Varicellovirus Bovine herpesvirus 2 of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae and genus Simplexvirus Bovine herpesvirus 4 of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae and genus Rhadinovirus Bovine herpesvirus 5 of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae and genus Varicellovirus Disambig ja ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Bovine enterovirus image caption Virion Structure Bovine Enterovirus . image BEV Structure.jpg virus group iv familia Picornaviridae genus Enterovirus species Bovine enterovirus Introduction Bovine enterovirus BEV is a picornavirus of the genus enterovirus . The virus may also be referred to as enteric cytopathic bovine orphan virus ECBO . It is endemic in cattle populations and although normally fairly non pathogenic it can cause reproductive, respiratory or enteric disease particularly when the animal is concurrently infected with another pathogen. BEV has a non enveloped, icosahedral protein capsid composed of four structural proteins, VP1, VP2, VP3 and VP4. The capsid ... 7500 bases. The bovine enteroviruses are endemic in cattle populations worldwide. BEVs were ... from water contaminated with bovine faeces. Serotype 2 viruses are only found in domestic cattle ... As clinical signs are fairly non specific and bovine enterovirus is ubiquitous in cattle populations ... of normal and transformed mammalian cells to bovine enterovirus 261. Nature. 1973 245 319 ... Virol 148 1225 33. Smyth MS, Symonds A, Brazinova S and Martin JHJ 2002 Bovine Enterovirus ... specificity in bovine enteroviruses. Archives Virol. 146, 347 355 Smyth, M., Trudgett, A., Martin, J ... D. Implications for viral uncoating from the structure of bovine enterovirus. Nat Struct Biol. 1995 ... of bovine enterovirus. J Mol Biol. 1993 Jun 5 231 3 930 2. Smyth MS, Trudgett A, Hoey EM, Martin SJ, Brown F. Characterization of neutralizing antibodies to bovine enterovirus elicited by synthetic ... synthesized peptides elicit neutralizing antibody to bovine enterovirus. J Gen Virol. 1990 Jan 71 Pt 1 231 4. Bovine Enterovirus, reviewed and published by WikiVet at http en.wikivet.net Bovine Enterovirus, accessed 14 08 2011. DEFAULTSORT Bovine Enterovirus Category Animal virology Category Picornaviruses Category Bovine diseases es Enterovirus bovino ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Bovine coronavirus virus group iv ordo Nidovirales familia Coronaviridae species Bovine coronavirus Introduction Bovine coronavirus BCV is as a member of the Coronaviridae family which are enveloped, single stranded, positive sense RNA viruses with a club shaped surface. Infection causes Calf Enteritis and contributes to the Enzootic Pneumonia complex in calves. It can also cause Winter Dysentry in adult cattle. It can infect both domestic and wild ruminants and has a worldwide distribution. Transmission is Horizontal transmission horizontal , via Fecal oral route oro fecal or respiratory routes. Clinical Signs & Diagnosis Infection normally occurs in calves between the ages of one week and three months . Gastrointestinal signs include profuse diarrhea , dehydration , depression, reduced weight gain and Anorexia symptom anorexia . Respiratory infection in the calf produces a serous to purulent nasal discharge. Clinical signs may worsen with secondary bacteria infection. Infection in adults is normally Subclinical infection subclinical , the exception being with Winter Dysentry, which affects housed cattle over the Winter months. Clinical signs include profuse diarrhea and a significant drop in milk yield is seen in Winter Dysentry outbreaks. A presumptive diagnosis can be made based on the history and clinical signs . Definitive diagnosis of an enteric coronavirus infection is achieved by performing electron microscopy or an ELISA on a faecal or tissue sample. In respiratory disease, diagnosis is confirmed by performing a immunofluorescence direct fluorescent antibody test on nasal washes which identifies the viral antigen. The haemagglutination haemagglutination ... reduce disease incidence. References Bovine Coronavirus, reviewed and published by WikiVet at http en.wikivet.net Bovine Coronavirus, accessed 20 08 2011. Category Animal virology Category Viral diseases Category Bovine diseases Veterinary med stub ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Bovine parvovirus virus group ii familia Parvoviridae genus Parvovirus species Bovine parvovirus Bovine parvovirus BPV , also known as Haemadsorbing Enteric Virus , is a member of the Parvoviridae parvivirus group, with three significant sub species BPV1, 2 and 3. BPV most commonly causes diarrhoea in neonatal calves and respiratory and reproductive disease in adult cattle . The distribution of the virus is worldwide. Transmission is both Vertical transmission vertical transplacental route and Horizontal transmission horizontal Fecal oral route oro faecal route . The virus is very resistant to chemical and physical challenges. Clinical signs and diagnosis Diarrhoea is often the only clinical sign in neonatal calves. Reproductive infection causes abortion and the birth of weak or stillborn calves. Respiratory signs such as coughing, dyspnoea and nasal discharge also can occur. The clinical signs of BPV may be made worse by concurrent GI infections. Immunofluorescence IF , PCR , Agglutination haemagglutination , ELISA and electron microscopy can be used to identify and diagnose the virus. Aborted fetuses are oedematous and have increased pleural and peritoneal fluid. Immunofluorescence IF can be used to detect the virus in fetal organs. Autopsy Post mortem examination of infected calves should show intestinal lesions. Treatment and control Treatment and control is achieved by vaccination of the dams during gestation . Appropriate hygiene and disinfection methods should also be employed. See Also Parvovirus Parvovirus, canine Parvovirus, feline Parvovirus, porcine References Bovine Parvovirus, reviewed and published by Wikivet at http en.wikivet.net Bovine Parvovirus, accessed 23 08 2011. Category Animal virology Category Viral diseases Category Bovine diseases Veterinary med stub ... more details
et al . Bovine HapMap Consortium title Genome wide survey of SNP variation uncovers the genetic ... Composite SINE transposons in the bovine genome Bovine genome database References Reflist External links ... project species m Bovine.hgsc?pageLocation Bovine http www.sciencedirect.com science article pii 0022283682901371 ... more details
one source date August 2011 Taxobox name Bovine adenovirus virus group i familia Adenoviridae genus Atadenovirus species Bovine adenovirus Bovine Adenovirus , also known as BAdV , is a member of the Adenoviridae family that causes disease in cattle . There are 10 serotypes recognised and the virus had a worldwide distribution being particularly common in Africa and Central America . Infection usually results in disease of the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract. Infection may also cause ocular or generalised signs and may contribute to enzootic pneumonia , depending on the serotype of the virus. However, infection may not always result in disease as the virus can be isolated in healthy cattle. Once infected, the cattle Viral shedding shed the virus for approximately 10 days in the respiratory secretions or feces some cattle may become persistently infected, resulting in excretion of the virus for much longer. Clinical Signs & Diagnosis Clinical signs are more common in younger animals as the levels of Passive immunity maternal antibodies begin to wane, from as young as two weeks old. Gastrointestinal signs include diarrhoea , a reduced appetite and abdominal distension. Respiratory signs include coughing , serous nasal discharge, dyspnea and tachypnea . Signs may worsen if a secondary infection occurs. The classical signs of a generalised disease, such as pyrexia , weight loss, depression, weakness, lymphadenopathy and lethargy may also be seen. Sudden death is also reported. Definitive diagnosis can only be achieved by measuring a fourfold rise in antibody titre over the course of the disease. Presence of the virus alone cannot confirm diagnosis due to it presence in healthy cattle. Virus isolation is the only way to identify the serotype of the adenovirus. Autopsy Postmortem .... References Bovine Adenovirus, reviewed and published by WikiVet at http en.wikivet.net Bovine Adenovirus, accessed 18 08 2011. Category Animal virology Category Viral diseases Category Bovine diseases ... more details
Image Cowfight0a.jpg right thumb 250px A cow fight in the amphitheatre in Martigny, Switzerland . Bovine sports is an overarching term that describes a group of sports that involve a bovine, commonly a bull, ox, cow or calf. This can be for sporting, recreational or work purposes. American rodeo main Rodeo American rodeo is a sporting event that consists of different events that involve cattle and horses, designed to test the skill and speed of the cowboy cowgirl, for example bull riding . Asian water buffalo festivals main Domestic buffalo In South east Asia, domestic buffalo water buffalo racing or fighting is a feature during various festivals in Vietnam , Thailand , Malaysia , Cambodia and Bhogali Bihu Assam . Basque oxen trials main Idi probak The idi probak Basque language Basque for oxen tests is the most popular form of the Basque dragging games. It involves oxen, usually a pair, dragging a rock from one side of a quare to another. Bovine bingo main Bovine bingo Bull baiting main Bull baiting Bullfighting main Bullfighting Bullfighting is a traditional sport in Spain , Portugal , some cities of southern France , and several Latin America Latin American countries. Bull leaping main Bull leaping Bull leaping is an ancient sport depicted in Bronze Age art. It is often interpreted as a ritual performed in connection with bull worship and consists of acrobatic leaps over a bull. Cantabrian bovine dragging Image arrastrecantabria.jpg thumb 216px Tudanca Cattle Tudanca cows in a dragging competition in Cantabria , northern Spain . The concurso de arrastre Spanish language Spanish for dragging test is a pulling game where oxen or cows drag a weight. It is also known as tiru g eis , tira bueis Cantabrian dialect Cantabrian for oxen pulling , arrastre de narras , arrastre de basnas sleigh dragging , arrastre de piedra stone dragging or simply arrastre dragging . Chilean rodeo main Chilean rodeo Chilean rodeo has been the national sport of Chile since 1962. It is different ... more details
3101 Campo, MS. Bovine papillomavirus old system, new lessons? . In Papillomavirus Research From Natural ... detection of papillomaviruses in bovine teat papillomas and healthy teat skin. J Gen Virol 85 2191 2197 ... lesions in the UK. ref name Campo Campo MS 1995 Infection by bovine papillomavirus and prospects ... 2006 File Bovine warts.jpg left thumb 150px Multiple small facial warts Warts contain large amounts ... name Chambers Chambers G, Ellsmore VA, O Brien PM et al. Association of bovine papillomavirus with the equine ... ref name Boiron Boiron M, Levy JP, Thomas M, Friedmann JC, Bernard, J. 1964 Some properties of bovine ... 28 8 1596 Robl MG, Olson C 1968 Oncogenic action of bovine papilloma virus in hamsters. Cancer Res ... DEFAULTSORT Bovine Papillomavirus Category Bovine diseases Category Horse diseases Category Papillomavirus ... more details
to increase milk production. Bovine somatotropin abbreviated bST and BST , or BGH , is a peptide ... files publications factsheet FN 250 6.pdf title Bovine Somatotropin in Milk accessdate 2011 03 06 ... bovine somatotropin rBST , recombinant bovine growth hormone rBGH , or artificial growth hormone ... to become rBST free. ref name seattlepi.nwsource.com cite news title Safeway milk free of bovine ... from Monsanto s Bovine Growth Hormone last North first R accessdate 2008 01 29 date 2007 01 10 publisher ... as the sole source of the hormone was from bovine cadaver s. During this time, the knowledge of the structure ... and Bovine Somatotropin url http www.extension.umn.edu distribution livestocksystems DI6337.html publisher ... on bovine health. ref name Dohoo2003 cite journal author Dohoo, I. coauthors Leslie, K. Desc teaux, L. Shewfelt, W. date 1 October 2003 title A meta analysis review of the effects of recombinant bovine ... L, Leslie K, et al. title A meta analysis review of the effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin ... of Bovine Somatotrophin url http ec.europa.eu food fs sc scah out21 en.pdf format pdf date 1999 03 ... ahc asc media nr cp 1999 1999 03 e.html publisher Health Canada title Health Canada rejects bovine ... rBST treated milk. ref name Bauman 1992 3432 3451 cite journal last Bauman first Dale title Bovine ... 3 pmid 1474210 issue 12 ref Insulin like growth factor IGF , normally occurs in bovine and human ... which increases growth and milk production. Bovine and porcine IGF I are identical to human ... F title Nucleotide sequence of the bovine insulin like growth factor 1 IGF 1 and its IGF 1A precursor ... www.elanco.us products pdfs posilac Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin rbST A Safety Assessment.pdf ref ... associated with rBST. ref cite web title Report on Public Health Aspects of the Use of Bovine Somatotrophin ... Administration stated that food products made from recombinant bovine somatotropin rBST treated ... s Review of the Safety of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin accessdate 2009 05 02 year 1999 ref ... more details
Transmissible mink encephalopathy TME is rare sporadic disease that affects the central nervous system of ranch raised mink . It is classified as a transmissible spongiformencephalopathy , believed to be caused by proteins called prions . This disease is only known to affect adult mink. Clinical diagnosis This illness has a minimum incubation period of 7 months with a maximum incubation period of 12 months. This disease normally results in mortality of adult animals. Medical sign Clinical signs of TME include the characteristic behavioural changes such as confusion, loss of cleanliness, and aimless circling. Affected animals show signs of weight loss , might develop matted fur , hind quarter ataxia and arching its tail over its back. Seizures may very rarely occur. Near death stages include the animals showing signs of drowsiness and unresponsiveness. There are currently no tests to detect signs of this illness in live animals. However, veterinary pathologists can confirm this illness by microscopic examination of the brain tissue in animals suspected to have died of this disease, where they expect to detect areas of distinct sponge like formations, or by the identification of the prion protein in these tissue samples. See also Creutzfeldt Jakob disease Kuru disease Kuru Scrapie References Stanley B. Prusiner, Prion Biology and Diseases, second edition, 2004, United States of America Prion diseases Category Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies Category Animal diseases veterinary med stub bg ja ... more details
Exotic ungulate encephalopathy is a transmissible spongiformencephalopathy TSE , or prion disease , identified in infected organs of zoo animals. This subgroup of the TSEs in captive animals was identified in zoo animals in Great Britain including species of greater kudu , nyala , gemsbok , the common eland , Arabian oryx Arabian and Scimitar Oryx , an Ankole Watusi cow, and an American bison . ref name TransfusionMicrobiology2008 cite book author Contreras, Marcela Barbara, John A. J. Fiona A. M. Regan title Transfusion microbiology publisher Cambridge University Press location Cambridge, UK year 2008 pages 141 isbn 0 521 45393 3 oclc doi accessdate ref Studies indicate that transmission likely occurred via the consumption of feed supplemented with meat and bone meal , although some animals died after the British ban on ground offal in animal feed. ref name Strauss2008 cite book author Strauss, Ellen G. Strauss, James H. title Viruses and Human Disease publisher Elsevier Academic Press location Boston, MA year 2008 pages isbn 0 12 373741 9 oclc doi accessdate ref ref name Baird Parker2000 cite book author Baird Parker, A. C. Gould, G. W. Lund, Barbara M. title The Microbiological Safety and Quality of Food publisher Aspen Publishers location Gaithersburg, Md year 2000 pages 1590 1598 isbn 0 8342 1323 0 oclc doi accessdate ref All animals died during the 1990s, with the last death occurring in 1998. ref name Baird Parker2000 References Reflist Prion diseases Category Ungulates Category Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies Category Foodborne illnesses veterinary med stub ... more details
refimprove date June 2010 Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB 32948 ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 277.87 ICDO OMIM 603041 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome MNGIE , also called myoneurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome or POLIP syndrome , ref name omim OMIM 603041 ref is a rare autosome autosomal dominance genetics recessive ref name mnear cite pmid 19056268 ref mitochondrial disease usually appearing between the second and fifth decades of life. Unlike typical mitochondrial diseases caused by mitochondrial DNA mtDNA mutations, MNGIE is caused by mutations in the ECGF1 TYMP gene, which encodes the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase. ref name omim A secondary form of MNGIE, called MNGIE without leukoencephalopathy , can be caused by mutations in the POLG gene. ref name omim Signs and symptoms MNGIE is a multisystem disorder. Gastrointestinal symptoms may include gastrointestinal dysmotility possibly resulting in pseudo obstruction in which the muscular contractions peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract become inefficient causing malabsorption . Borborygmi stomach rumbling , early satiety, diarrhea, constipation, gastroparesis , nausea, vomiting, weight loss, diverticulitis . Neurological symptoms may include diffuse leukoencephalopathy , peripheral neuropathy , and myopathy .Ocular symptoms may include retinal degeneration, ophthalmoplegia paralysis of eye muscles , ptosis drooping eyelids . Those with MNGIE are often thin, experiencing continuous weight loss. References reflist External links http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov bookshelf br.fcgi?book gene&part mngie GeneReview NIH UW entry on Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalopathy Disease Mitochondrial diseases Inborn errors of purine pyrimidine metabolism DEFAULTSORT Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalopathy Syndrome Category Mitochondrial diseases Category Rare diseases Category Syndromes Category Autosomal recessive di ... more details
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