sources date November 2008 An operating budget is the annual budget of an activity stated in terms of Budget Classification Code, functional subfunctional categories and cost accounts. It contains estimates of the total value of factors of production resources required for the performance of the operation including reimbursable work or services for others. It also includes estimates of workload in terms of total work units identified by cost accounts. In the United States, businesses along with state and local governments divide their budgets into two types the operating budget and capital budget . The operating budget is used to keep track of maintenance operations, salaries, and interest payments. econ stub Category Budgets more information http www.plu.edu mgtacctg operational budgeting.htm ... more details
, Hodder Headline Group, London, pg. 11 14 ref To assess the sedimentary budget the coast ... and have a fixed sediment budget, although usually leaky to some extant. Littoral cells can either .... ref name ref1 ref name ref2 Woodroffe, C, 2003, Coasts form, process and evolution , Cambridge University ... name list List, Jeffrey H. 2005 Sedimentary budget in Schwartz, Maurice L. e.d. Encyclopedia of Coastal ... budget of a coastal environment it is important to know the different types of feedback that can ... are allowed to develop. Identifying littoral cells is crucial to determine the sediment budget ... are usually defined to better measure the sediment budget of a coast with varying rates of accretion ..., a sediment budget can be determined. ref name list Sources Rivers File Waimakariri02 gobeirne.jpg ... contribution to the coastal sedimentary budget, this being particularly true of coasts with a steep ... budget, creating major erosion and shifting of sediment along the coast. ref cite journal last1 Sharff ... for the sediment budget of a shoreline. Longshore drift Image Longshore drift.svg thumb right 300px ... north, which can be classified as a sink, putting a deficit to the coasts sedimentary budget. ref name ... budget, if they are integrated over the correct timescale. ref name list The sediment budget ... drift. A good example of the sediment budget and longshore drift working together in the coastal ... a good sources and sinks for the sediment budget. ref name Brunn ref name MichelandHowa Cross shore movement Wave swash and currents can impact significantly on the sediment budget, although it is difficult to measure. Swash can be either an erosive or accretion process depending on many factors ... sedimentary budget can be maintained. This type of coastal erosion management has been adopted all ... first2 T last3 Lange first3 W. jstor 4298253 year 1994 title Sediment Budget and Equilibrium Beach ... is on going in order to ensure the sedimentary budget remains balanced. Coastal protection ... more details
In telecommunication , a power budget or system budget is the allocation, within a system , of available transmitter power output to achieve the desired effective radiated power , among the various functions that need to be performed. An example of a power budget in a communications satellite is the allocation of available power among various functions, such as maintaining satellite orientation, maintaining orbital control, performing Signalling telecommunication signal reception, and performing signal transmission. References FS1037C Category Telecommunications terms comm stub ... more details
A budget freeze is a term for when a budget for an aspect of government or business is fixed or frozen ... as in a government, often to reduce taxes . Budget freezes become especially notable in difficult ... and faces pressure to lower tax burdens. This means that budget freezes may be used as a way of reducing money spent. In government spending, budget freezes cause controversy and political debates ... on government funded programs and on wages for government employees. Reasons for a budget freeze There are many different reasons for a business or a government to implement a budget freeze. In the case of a loss of profit or tax revenue, the budget may need to be cut or frozen so that a company or a government does not spend more than its intake. An excess in spending can also necessitate a budget freeze. Government In government, a politician may implement a budget freeze to lower the amount ... businesses face losses or increases in prices, they can also implement budget freezes to fix spending .... Effects of a budget freeze A reduction in the amount of money spent is the most obvious and intended effect of a budget freeze. But a budget freeze can have other often unintended consequences. When a government freezes a budget taxes can be reduced. When a budget freeze successfully lowers the amount of money that a business or government spends, the act of freezing the budget can gain positive ... the reason behind a budget freeze. When a budget freeze is aimed at the amount of money spent on wages, many workers are denied benefits, bonuses, and wage increases. Governments can use budget freezes on organizations and programs that they fund. While this does decrease the budget and save money .... Effects of budget freezes on education Budget freezes and cuts can negatively influence public ... of living increases. ref cite news last Birnbaum first Micheal title School Board Approves Budget Plan ... jan 28 school board considers budget plan freezes teacher date January 28, 2009 ref These types of freezes ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 about budget legislation failure in a presidential system presidential style government the corresponding situation in a parliamentary system parliamentary style government Loss of supply A budget crisis is an informal name for a situation in which the legislative and the executive in a presidential system deadlock and are unable to pass a budget. In presidential systems, the legislature has the power to pass a budget, but the executive often has a veto in which there are insufficient votes in the legislature to override. If no emergency provisions are made for the government s budget, a budget crisis may develop into a government shutdown in which the government temporarily suspends non essential services until a budget is passed. Unlike parliamentary systems, where a Loss of Supply would trigger resignations and new elections, a budget crisis can often lead to an extended stand off. At the federal level in the United States , a crisis can often be averted by a continuing resolution which appropriates funding at the same level as the previous budget. A budget crisis can also occur if the legislative branch has a constitutionally mandated dissolution or suspension date and the budget hasn t been passed up to that point. Examples United States federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996 Main United States federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996 A particularly severe budget crisis occurred in the United States in November 1995, when the United States House of Representatives House of Representatives under Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Speaker Newt Gingrich and the administration of President of the United States President ... budget resolution to apportion temporary funds forced a closure of most non essential United ... Wing Shutdown of The West Wing TV Series The West Wing , a budget crisis situation like the United ... disagree over budget cuts and shuts down the government for a number of days. DEFAULTSORT Budget ... more details
Budget Day is the day that a government presents its government budgetBudget to a legislature for approval ... of Ireland Ireland , Budget Day is the annual statement to the D il by the Minister for Finance ... a list of budgetary changes detailing the cost yield of same , iii Budget Statistics and Tables ... to Budget Day in the United Kingdom. In the early afternoon, the Minister for Finance will normally hold a photocall in the car park of Leinster House , with the traditional budget briefcase in recent years, a floppy disk or CD ROM purportely containing the contents of the Budget speech has often been used instead . At 15 45, the Minister for Finance presents the budget speech in D il ireann ... to the Budget speech first, followed by the spokespersons on finance of other opposition parties. A vote on Confidence and supply Supply supply normally takes place before midnight on the night of the budget ... in the Oireachtas following the budget, eventually becoming the Finance Act . United Kingdom This section is linked from Autumn Statement In the United Kingdom , Budget Day is the day that the Chancellor of the Exchequer delivers the Budget, first privately to the Budget Cabinet government Cabinet ... . Nowadays, Budget Day occurs on a Wednesday in March, before the start of the new fiscal year ... have had varying opinions on Budget Day. Nigel Lawson wrote, in his memoirs, that it is best described ..., said that he thought Budget Day to be rather like a school Speech Day a bit of a bore, but there it is . ref ... ministers, and officials will have been working on the Budget some time in advance of Budget Day. Geoffrey ... of London and some time in advance of Budget Day, for discussing the Budget. This meeting is now a customary part of the annual Budget preparations. ref name Brazier Presentation to the Monarch The monarch is the first person to be told of the Budget. Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom Queen Elizabeth II has customarily invited the Chancellor to dinner the day before Budget Day, where she ... more details
seems to have been discontinued in recent years with games frequently becoming part of the budget range without being million sellers. Examples of Budget re release ranges Electronic Arts ... budget ranges Legendary Hits and Ultimate Hits Taito Square Enix budget ranges Eternal Hits Eternal ... Examples of Budget priced new releases Activision Activision Value Value label Dinamic Multimedia ... index.php?m games European Publisher Budget ranges DEFAULTSORT Budget Range Category Video game development Category Video game marketing it Budget range ... more details
unreferenced date November 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Zero budget is a reference to the monetary resources of an independently made project, amateur ly as a hobby or otherwise, without any financial commitments made to it save those its owners developers are willing to invest onto. A direct meaning being that all work on the project is done voluntarily without any of its contributing members being compensated for their labor. See also Z movie DEFAULTSORT Zero Budget Category Budgets econ stub ... more details
A film production budget determines how much money will be spent on the entire film project. It involves the identification and estimation of cost items for each phase of filmmaking development, pre production, production, post production and distribution . The budget structure is normally split into Above the line film production above the line creative and Below the line film production below the line technical costs. See also Film budgeting Film crew Television crew References Film Budgeting by Ralph S. Singleton 1996 Film Production Management by Bastian Clev 2nd Ed, 2000 The Complete Film Production Handbook 3rd Ed, 2001 The On Production Budget Book by Robert J. Koster 1997 Production Management for TV and Film. The Professional s Guide by Linda Stradling 2010 Methuen Category Film and video terminology Category Television terminology ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 File Budget constraint.svg thumb 250px Budget constraint, where math A frac m P y math and math B frac m P x math A budget constraint represents the combinations of goods and services that a consumer can purchase given current prices with his or her income. Consumer theory uses the concepts of a budget constraint mathematics constraint and a preference map to analyze consumer ... case. Uses Individual choice File Indifference curves showing budget line.svg thumb right An individual ... of indifference curves preference map is tangent to their budget constraint. That is, the indifference curve tangent to the budget constraint represents the maximum utility obtained utilizing the entire budget of the consumer. The tangent point the xy coordinate represents the amount of goods x and y the consumer should purchase to fully utilize their budget to obtain maximum utility. ref Lipsey 1975 . p 182. ref A line connecting all points of tangency between the indifference curve and the budget ... two dimensional budget constraints are generalized into the equation math P x x P y y m math Where ... and math P x P y math is the slope, representing a downward sloping budget line. The factors that can shift the budget line are a change in income m , a change in the price of a specific good ... budget constraints on production. A production possibility frontier is a budget constraint presented ... and Krugman models of international trade, the budget constraint of the economy its CPF is determined ... . Many goods While low level demonstrations of budget constraints are often limited to two good ... between multiple goods through a budget constraint. In such a case, assuming there are math n , math ... is denoted by math p i , math , and if math ,W , math is the total amount that may be spent, then the budget ... entirely, the budget constraint binds math sum i 1 np ix i W. math In this case, the consumer cannot ... isbn 0 297 76899 9 DEFAULTSORT Budget Constraint Category Consumer theory Category Budgets Constraint ... more details
formed Start date and years ago mf no 1958 7 29 budgetbudget 18.724 billion Fiscal Year 2011 ref http ... year, the United States Congress passes a Federal Budget detailing where federal tax money will be spent .... Annual budget, 1958 2012 Image Bolden NASA Budget 2012.jpg thumb left upright 0.85 NASA Administrator Charles Bolden during an overview briefing on NASA s fiscal year 2012 budget. Seen in the year ... s expenditures 101.5 billion, or 2 billion a year. ref name NSF Budget cite web url http dellweb.bfa.nsf.gov title Budget Internet Information System publisher National Science Foundation accessdate 2009 01 12 ref NASA s FY 2011 budget of 18.4 billion represents about 0.5 of the 3.4 trillion 2011 United States federal budget United States federal budget during the year, or about 35 of total ... 01 13 ref According to the Office of Management and Budget and the Air Force Almanac, when measured ... budget millions of US dollars font col begin col break class wikitable width 100px rowspan 2 Year Colspan 3 NASA budget width 50px Nominal in Millions width 30px sub of Fed Budget ref name tbl1 of total ... space travel ref ref name tbl2 1999 2010 based on federal outlays from Federal budget United States Total outlays in recent budget submissions ref sub width 100px 2007 Constant br Million Dollars ... col break class wikitable width 100px rowspan 2 Year Colspan 3 NASA budget width 50px Nominal width 30px sub of Fed Budget ref name tbl1 ref name tbl2 sub width 100px 2007 Constant br Million Dollars ... Budget Overview ref 17,782 0.57 align right 2010 ref name Space cite web url http www.space.com 11374 nasa budget 2011 congress compromise.html title U.S. Budget Compromise Includes 18.5 Billion for NASA ... 20Presentation.pdf title Fiscal Year 2013 Budget Estimates publisher NASA accessdate 13 February 2013 ... colspan 4 small Notes Sources U.S. Office of Management and Budget OMB needs proper citation link ... omb budget fy2010 assets hist04z1.xls http www.seattle.gov financedepartment cpi docs US CPI History ... more details
Orphan date November 2011 The Budget of France , setting revenues and spending levels is set after approval of the national assembly and the senate. The french Constitution of France Constitution provides for a maximum of 70 days between the budget being proposed to parliament and it being approved. Article 40 of the Constitution stops the National Assembly of France national assembly and Senate of France senate from making any amendments to the total spending and revenue amounts proposed by the government. Once approved by parliament the government may make adjustments of up to 2 to the budget without having to seek further parliamentry approval. In 2011 the government introduced a bill to amend article 34 of the Constitution to ensure a balanced budget Golden Rule . The french budget concerns only spending and revenue by central government. It thus excludes the Social Security budget and regional and local authorities budgets. Public spending in 2010 class sortable wikitable bgcolor ececec valign top Item Central Government Social Security Local & Regional Government Quasi governmental bodies Total Expenditures br billion 454 513.7 210.6 113.1 1291.4 Revenues br billion 332.4 490.8 209.1 121.9 1154.2 Surplus Deficit br billion 121.6 22.9 1.5 8.8 137.2 ref http www.insee.fr fr themes theme.asp?theme 16&sous theme 3.2 ref ref http www.insee.fr fr themes comptes nationaux tableau.asp?sous theme 3.2&xml t 3201 ref See also D centralisation in France Government spending References Reflist Category Economy of France ... more details
Multiple issues wikify March 2012 context October 2009 unreferenced January 2008 The main way standard budget are established is by using historical information. If standards are set using historical information they may become out of date quickly. A Standard Budget is a vehicle for Variance accounting . It is commonly derived from estimates on future costs that have Fixed and Variable cost components . Standard budgets present information at only one level of activity and do not provide information on how the variable portion of the costs would affect the budget. When used in Variance Analysis this can lead to unfavorable variances being falsely identified. A standard budget is a list of goods and services that a family of a specified size and composition would need to live at a designated level of well being, together with the costs of those goods and services. Considerable work on standard budgets has been done in the United States and other countries in recent years, mostly by non government analysts. Budgets have not been used to develop official poverty lines, and in most cases have not been used to calculate the size of a nation s low income population. Category Finance Category Household behavior and family economics econ stub ... more details
infobox government budget title United Kingdom Budget year 1909 country United Kingdom previous budget 1908 United Kingdom Budget previous year 1908 next budget 1910 United Kingdom Budget next year 1910 image ChurchillGeorge0001.jpg imagesize 200px caption David Lloyd George and Winston Churchill . submitter submitted to date submitted presented 29 April 1909 passed 29 April 1910 parliament MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 1906 28th MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, January 1910 29th party Liberal Party UK Liberal Party minister treasurer chancellor David Lloyd George Total Revenue Total Expenditures spending tax cut debt payment surplus deficit debt bill bill link url http hansard.millbanksystems.com commons 1909 apr 29 budget statement Hansard distinguish The People s Budget 2011 The 1909 People s Budget was a product of then Prime Minister of the United ... image The People Budget.pdf The People s Budget An Edwardian Tragedy ref Churchill s biographer, William Manchester , called the People s Budget a revolutionary concept because it was the first budget ... election s in 1910 and the enactment of the Parliament Act 1911 . Overview The Budget was introduced ...&dq people 27s budget introduced&q april 29 ref Lloyd George argued that the People s Budget would eliminate poverty, and commended it thus blockquote This is a war Budget. It is for raising money ... Learningcurve.gov.uk date accessdate 2010 01 24 ref The budget included several proposed tax increases ... rearmament. More controversially, the Budget also included a proposal for the introduction of a land ... vetoed the new budget on 30 November 1909, ref cite book last Palmer first Alan coauthors Veronica ... relying on Labour and the Irish Nationalists for their majority. The Lords accepted the Budget ...&dq people 27s budget introduced&q april 29 ref &mdash when the land value tax land tax proposal ... budget Category 1909 in the United Kingdom Category United Kingdom budgets Category Edwardian era Category ... more details
Infobox Film name Budget Padmanabham image image size caption director S. V. Krishna Reddy producer G. Naraya Rao writer narrator starring Jagapathi babu br Ramyakrishna music S. V. Krishna Reddy cinematography Sarath editing studio distributor released 2001 runtime country India language Telugu budget gross preceded by followed by Budget Padmanabham lang te is a 2001 Cinema of Andhra Pradesh Tollywood film and remake of Tamil film Budget Padmanabhan ref http en.wikipedia.org wiki Budget Padmanabhan ref directed by S. V. Krishna Reddy and produced by G. Naraya Rao . Jagapathi babu and Ramyakrishna played the lead roles. ref http www.raaga.com channels telugu moviedetail.asp?mid a0000194 ref Plot Budget Padmanabham Jagapathi babu is about a miser who will do anything to save money. He eats only one meal a day, and won t do anything that will involvespending. If he gives a lift to his colleagues he collects money from them. You wouldn t consider him to be one of those persons you would give an arm and a leg to associate with, but, strangely, Ramya Ramya Krishna not only likes him, she also falls deeply in love with him.Padmanabham doesn t want to do anything with her, but when Ramya suggests that two salaries are better than one, he thinks it s a brilliant idea and marries her. So much for the institution. Now start the troubles first, his sister Vijaya Y Vijaya and her husband Vaastu Subramanyam L.B. Sriram pile on to him,and then Ramya s good for nothing brother Ravi Ravi Teja also seeks shelter in their house. The worst, though, is yet to come for the grumbling Padmanabham his wife gives birth to triplets. Cast Jagapathi babu Ramyakrishna Vidya Tanikella Bharani L.B. Sriram Rallapalli actor Rallapalli Y.Vijaya M. S. Narayana Ravi Teja Music Infobox album Name Budget Padmanabham Tagline Type soundtrack Artist S. V. Krishna Reddy Cover Released 2001 Recorded Genre Length 18.93 Label Producer S. V. Krishna Reddy Reviews Last album This album Budget Padmanabham ... more details
Budget albums also known as drugstore records were low priced vinyl record LPs released during the 1950s to 1970s consisting either of previously released material usually the releases from major labels featuring older performances of well known performers or material recorded especially for the line often cover versions of popular songs made famous by name artists sung or performed on these albums ... their own budget labels, the budget album companies, such as Coronet who sold their LPs for 99 cents ... Sound Routledge 2005 ref Major labels enter the budget album market In 1954 Pickwick entered ... Records in 1955, a budget label for re releasing older recordings by currently popular artists on the label ... album of country music recorded especially for the budget label by many of its newer country acts of the 1960s ... among the select few budget albums to actually make the national best selling charts. The major labels budget album releases were seldom sold at drug stores , mainly at record shops and department ... in speciality drug store racks. The major label budget albums usually had eight to ten songs on them ... introduced the Harmony Records line around the same time for budget releases of older product repackaged. Harmony, however, seldom issued material that had not been previously released. The budget ... record label before the star s current popularity. Other major labels of the day with their own budget ... MGM Lion Records Liberty Records budget label was Sunset Records Columbia Records budget label ... budget label, Clarion Records Modern Records created Crown Records ref http www.bsnpubs.com modern crown.html ref Other budget record labels were Somerset Records that became Alshire Records in 1963 ... of Aladdin Records US Aladdin Records , Custom, and Diplomat Records budget Diplomat Records ref ... done for budget albums Some artists such as Jerry Cole , ref http www.hdtracks.com index.php ... covers of Kitty Wells hits for budget album release. See List of record labels References references ... more details
merge Government budget deficit date December 2011 Public finance Image 2006budget income.PNG thumb 400px right Budgeted revenues of governments in 2006 A government budget is a legal document that is often passed by the legislature , and approved by the chief executive or president. For example, only certain types of revenue may be imposed and collected. Property tax is frequently the basis for municipal and county revenues, while sales tax and or income tax are the basis for state revenues, and income tax and corporate tax are the basis for national revenues. The two basic elements of any budget are the revenues and expenses . In the case of the government, revenue s are derived primarily from tax es. Government expense s include spending on current goods and services, which economists call National Income and Product Accounts Accounting for National Product The Right Side of the Report government consumption National Income and Product Accounts Accounting for National Product The Right Side of the Report government investment expenditures such as infrastructure investment or research expenditure and transfer payment s like unemployment or retirement benefits. Budgets have an economic, political and technical basis. Unlike a pure economic budget, they are not entirely designed to allocate scarcity scarce resources for the best economic use. They also have a political basis wherein different interests push and pull in an attempt to obtain benefits and avoid burdens. The technical element is the forecast of the likely levels of revenues and expenses. References reflist http blog pfm.imf.org pfmblog 2007 10 making performa.html Performance Budgeting Linking Funding and Results ... item to Program Budgeting, John Kim, Seoul, 2007 http www.photius.com rankings economy budget expenditures 2012 0.html List of countries by budget its reference is the https www.cia.gov library publications ... Presupuesto p blico fr Budget de l tat hr Dr avni prora un it Bilancio dello Stato he ... more details
A no budget film is a produced cinematography film made with very little, or no money. Young directors starting out in filmmaking commonly use this method because there are few other options available to them at that point. All the actors and technicians are employed without remuneration , and the films are largely non profit organization non profit . Usually the film director director works alone ... or financing is available, not including the cost of film. No budget films are made every day ... of a Master Film Maker publisher I. B. Tauris ISBN 1860649653 page 77 ref which was produced on a budget ... Jack Smith used discarded color reversal film stock to film his no budget film classic, Flaming ..., represented by filmmakers such as Vivienne Dick , produced many notable no budget films shot on Super ..., The Lollipop Generation , Eye Weekly , 2 Apr, 2008 ref Footage for no budget films is often shot ... and yields an output of several hunded movies each year. Many of these no budget movies have been ... audiences. One of the most prolific directors in this short film genre is Dave Lojek . The no budget ... on the streets of New York, and was financed from the sales of used books during shooting. No budget ... taken advantage of low cost digital cameras and editing programs. No budget films have frequently been screened at experimental film festivals which highlight low budget productions, such as the Flicker ... in the world of alternative culture and arts. It is rare that a no budget film manages to receive ... Following . Other successful no budget films include The Gamers film The Gamers , Heathen film Heathen ... B Independent.com The leading networking and how to site for no budget cinema. http www.indie film making.com Indie Filmmaking The comprehensive guide to no budget filmmaking. http www.easyMovieMaking.com EasyMovieMaking.com Go ahead, make your movie. See also Low budget film Underground film Video ... No Budget Film ... more details
Big Budget was a British comic which ran weekly from 1897 until 1909. Deleted image removed Image Bigbudgetcover.jpg thumb right 200px 19th century issue of the British comic magazine Big Budget Published by C. Arthur Pearson Big Budget was first published on June 19th 1897. ref name BCH cite web url http www.comicsuk.co.uk History HistoryWhole.asp?PassedEra Comics 202 title British Comics History Comics UK publisher British Comics History accessdate 2009 07 25 ref Initially comprising three eight page sections The Big Budget a comic , The Comrade s Budget and The Story Budget , the latter two being text fiction sections. ref name BCH By 1898 the page count was reduced to 20 with all the sections merged into one comic. In 1905 it incorporated a story paper entitled, The Boys Leader with the comic strips started gradually disappearing until it became a fully fledged story paper. Its title changed to The Comet in 1909 and lasted for just 14 further issues. ref name BCH Notable contributors include Jack Butler Yeats Signor McCoy the Circus , John Duff Pie , Little Boy Pink and Kiroskewero the Detective , ref cite web url http lambiek.net artists w wilkinson ernest.htm title Jack Yeats publisher Lambiek.net accessdate 2009 07 25 ref and Ernest Wilkinson Doings of Von Puff, Von Eye, Iko Italiano and Von Sausage the Dog ref cite web url http www.lambiek.net artists y yeats jack.htm title Ernest Wilkinson publisher Lambiek.net accessdate 2009 07 25 ref , C. H. Chapman ref cite web url http lambiek.net artists c chapman ch.htm title C. H. Chapman publisher Lambiek.net accessdate 2009 07 25 ref and Ralph Hodgson under the pseudonym Yorick . ref cite web url http www.echological.co.uk the north east history echomemories darlington 205 110505.html title Poet s star is ready to rise once more publisher Northern Echo accessdate 2009 07 25 Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref It is also notable as the first publication to publish the work of cartoonist David Low cartoonist ... more details
File 2005military spending.png right 350px thumb right Military spending in 2005 A military budget or military expenditure , also known as a defence budget , is the amount of finances financial resources dedicated by an entity most ften a nation or a Sovereign state state , to raising and maintaining an armed forces . Military budgets often reflect how much an entity perceives the likelihood of threats against it, or the amount of aggression it wishes to employ. It also provides an idea of how much finances could be provided for the upcoming year. The size of a budget also reflects the entity s ability to fund military activities, with factors including the size of that entity s economy, other financial demands on that entity, and the willingness of that entity s government or people to fund such military activity. Generally excluded from military expenditures is spending on Law enforcement internal law enforcement and disabled veteran rehabilitation. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute , in 2010, world military expenditure for the world amounted to 1.630 trillion United States dollar US . ref http www.sipri.org research armaments milex resultoutput 15majorspenders The World and top 15 countries with the highest military expenditure in 2010 ref Current world military expenditure SIPRI Yearbook 2011 See List of countries by military expenditures Image Military.svg thumb 350px right Military spending in 2008. Darker colors indicating a higher of GDP ... to 2002 6.5 percent in volume . In some countries, this budget had been increased to the level maintained during the Cold War. The military budget of the United States lead this increase U.S. purchases ... http milexdata.sipri.org SIPRI military expenditure database DEFAULTSORT Military Budget Category Government budgets Category Military economics Budget de Verteidigungsetat es Presupuesto de defensa fr Budget de la D fense ja ru zh ... more details
A link budget is the accounting of all of the gains and losses from the transmitter, through the medium free space, cable, waveguide, fiber, etc. to the receiver in a telecommunication system. It accounts for the attenuation of the transmitted signal due to propagation, as well as the antenna gain s, feedline and miscellaneous losses. Randomly varying channel gains such as fading are taken into account by adding some margin depending on the anticipated severity of its effects. The amount of margin required can be reduced by the use of mitigating techniques such as antenna diversity or frequency hopping . A simple link budget equation looks like this Received Power dBm Transmitted Power dBm Gains decibel dB Losses dB Note that decibels are logarithmic measurements, so adding decibels is equivalent to multiplying the actual numeric ratios. Link budget radio systems For a Line of sight propagation ... in telecommunication systems, so almost every link budget equation must consider antenna gain. Transmitting ... antenna gain . This systemic gain is expressed by including the antenna gain in the link budget ... budgets are achieved. Simplifications needed br Often link budget equations can become messy and complex, so there have evolved some standard practices to simplify the link budget equation The wavelength ... Budget Equation A link budget equation including all these effects, expressed logarithmically ... into the link budget equation above, the result is the logarithmic form of the Friis transmission ... wlan budgetcalc.html Link budget calculator for Wireless LAN http www.afar.net rf link budget calculator RF Link budget calculator http www.sss mag.com pdf an9804.pdf Link budget tutorial http www.ligowave.com linkcalc Point to Point Link budget calculator http www.questinygroup.com muos MUOS Link budget calculator planner http sites.google.com site lteencyclopedia lte radio link budgeting and rf planning lte link budget comparison Example LTE, GSM and UMTS Link Budgets Category Budgets ... more details
Infobox film name Budget Padmanabhan image caption director writer starring Prabhu Ganesan br Ramya Krishnan br Karan actor Karan br Mumtaj br Vivek Actor Vivek br Manivannan br Kovai Sarala br Nizhalgal Ravi producer music cinematography editor released runtime language Tamil language Tamil country FilmIndia budgetBudget Padmanabhan is a South Indian Tamil film released in 2000. Plot When he was a young boy, Padmanabhan Prabhu Ganesan was driven out of his house along with his parents by an evil hearted money lender Nizhalgal Ravi , who gave him a condition if by a stipulated time period Padmanabhan could raise enough money to buy back the house he could reclaim it as his own. Since then, Padmanabhan has been living a very thrifty life, always counting the cost of his daily expenses. Even after marriage to Ramya Ramya Krishnan , he still focuses on his finances, at times to the detriment of his personal relationships with his wife and relatives, who all live together in a small house. In a sub plot, Padmanabhan hires a housemaid Mumtaj , who turns out to be the estranged and separated wife of his boss s son. The story focuses on Padmanabhan s attempt to raise the money to buy back his house and his struggles to adapt with changes in his life, including Ramya giving birth to triplets. But he gradually learns about the importance of relationships and human values and how some things in life are more important than money. In a final twist to the story, after raising the money, Padmanabhan realises that it has been stolen from his motorcycle. In despair he is about to give up and officially hand over the house to the money lender, but then his boss s son helps him out by providing him the money just in time. The earlier delighted money lender is now shocked at realising that he must give up the house where his family members have long since settled, and orders his relatives to pack up and leave. He drags his two children out of the house and they burst into tears at the prospect ... more details
The Process Redesign methodology was developed by H. James Harrington in the early 1980s and is applied to the current process to remove all of its waste and to streamline its activities. It first streamlines ... The Process Redesign methodology consists of five phases as shown in Figure 1 below. File ... center Benefits The benefits of Process Redesign are It documents and quantifies the current process. It prepares a simulation model of the current and future state processes. It reduces cost and cycle ... customer satisfaction. It reduces internal conflict. Features The major features of Process Redesign are It boxes in the current process. It prepares a value state map for the current process ... process. It provides simplification to the current state process. It applies error proofing to the future ... elimination to the current state process. It applies cycle time reduction to the current state process ... Lean approaches to refine the future state processes Background The Process Redesign approach started ... in August 1990 ref in the early 1990s. It was first published to the general public in Business Process ... name Business Process Improvement http www.amazon.com dp 0070267685 Business Process Improvement ISBN .... Overall ProcessProcess Redesign is very different from Process Reengineering . Process Redesign operates under the concept that the current process has many good features and that the current process could be redefined and streamlined. A typical Process Redesign approach takes about 30 days to develop a future state solution. Process Reengineering operates under the belief that the current process ... a totally new process. This typically takes between nine twelve months to accomplish. Typically Process Reengineering is applied to a process when cost or cycle time needs to be improved between 60 90 . In other words, when a current process is being performed by a 100 people and to be competitive, it needs to be done by less than 40 people. Only about 10 of the process improvement activities ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date November 2006 Process merging is a technique that brings together several existing process models and creates a new process model . The new process model incorporates activities of the existing process models. DEFAULTSORT Process Merging Category Process management Business stub ... more details
The term process model is used in various contexts. For example, in business process modeling the enterprise process model is often referred to as the business process model . Process models are core concepts in the discipline of process engineering . Image meta levels.png thumb right 300px Abstraction ... Process. 3rd European Japanese Seminar on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases . ref Overview Process models are wiktionary Processprocess es of the same nature that are classified together into a model. Thus, a process model is a description of a process at the type level. Since the process model is at the type level, a process is an instantiation of it. The same process model is used ... use of a process model is to prescribe how things must should could be done in contrast to the process itself which is really what happens. A process model is roughly an anticipation of what the process will look like. What the process shall be will be determined during actual system development. ref name Rolland1998 Colette Rolland and Pernici, C. Thanos 1998 . A Comprehensive View of Process Engineering ... 1413. Springer. ref The goals of a process model are to be Descriptive Track what actually happens during a process. Take the point of view of an external observer who looks at the way a process ... process performance. They can range from strict enforcement to flexible guidance. Explanatory ... purposes. Purpose From a theoretical point of view, the meta process modeling explains the key concepts needed to describe what happens in the development process, on what, when it happens, and why. From an operational point of view, the meta process modeling is aimed at providing guidance ... modeling a business process usually predicates a need to change processes or identify issues to be corrected ... for the need to model a business process. Change management programmes are desired to put the processes ... process models BPM becoming fully executable and capable of round trip engineering is coming closer ... more details
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