Multiple issues primarysources July 2010 refimprove July 2010 orphan July 2010 original research March 2011 Budder is a concentrated form of tetrahydrocannabinol THC , the main psychoactive chemical in cannabis marijuana that has 80 99.7 THC and 5 15 total cannabinoids THC CBN CBD , ref http www.cannabisculture.com articles 3589.html Beautiful Budder article at cannabisculture.org ref several times more potent than the buds of the cannabis plant that are usually consumed 5 25 . Method of creation The methodology behind budder production involves a multi step butane extraction process, leaving a refined oil ref http cannabisculture.com articles 3589.html It was refined oil made with a multi step alcohol process, BudderKing explains ref When done incorrectly it can be very dangerous due to the explosive nature of butane and high grade alcohol. Consumption Inhalation is the primary method of consumption. This is performed by smoking in a pipe, bong, or other conventional marijuana paraphernalia. Alternatively, one could heat a piece of metal, preferably Grade 2 Titanium, with a propane torch, or with a budder kit, which consists of a butane torch with a small strip of metal attached. It is designed to be heated when the lighter is lit. A minuscule amount about the size of the head of a pin of the Budder is applied to the heated metal. This vaporizes the cannabinoids which can then be inhaled. One can also use charcoal and inhale through a hookah . Contents Unreferenced section date June 2011 According to Dr Paul Hornby, a chemist and plant analyst who runs a company www.hedron.ca that tests cannabis products for purity and potency, Budder is the cleanest, most potent cannabis product I ve ever tested. Marijuana contains various cannabinoids, Hornby explains, with THC usually predominant. Hemp has barely a percent or two of THC. The best dried marijuana bud generally maxes out at about 27 THC. Sieved hashish averages about 45 THC. Bubblehas ... more details
refimprove date April 2010 The Mossmorran NGL natural gas liquids fractionation plant is part of the North Sea Brent oilfield Brent oil and gas field system located on the outskirts of Cowdenbeath , Fife. After the gas is separated from oil on the platforms offshore, the gas is then pumped ashore in the FLAGS and Fulmar Gas Line Fulmar pipelines to a terminal at St Fergus operated by Royal Dutch Shell Shell . At the St Fergus Gas Plant the methane is separated from the rest of the gas product. The methane is then sent to a neighbouring national grid plant, leaving the remaining NGL to be piped south via a convert 223 km mi 0 pipeline to the Mossmorran site in Fife . ref name shell expro cite news author Ron Gilmour, Jonathan Theakston url http www.energy solutions.cn articles shell expro.pdf title Shell Expro s St Fergus to Mossmorran NGL Pipeline publisher Energy Solutions date 2002 07 22 accessdate 2008 03 11 ref At the Mossmorran NGL fractional plant natural gas fluid is separated by distillation in a number of fractionation columns into ethane C2H6 , propane C3H8 , butane C4H10 and natural gasoline C5H12 . The ethane is then piped to an adjacent ethylene cracker plant operated by ExxonMobil for further processing and cracking. The propane and butane is chilled, liquefied and stored on site within double integrity tanks, the gasoline is also stored on site within floating roof tanks. These liquids are then transported via pipeline to the marine terminal at Braefoot Bay on the Firth of Forth for loading onto ships for export. Mossmorran also has an adjacent road tanker terminal for road transportation of Propane and Butane. The plant originally operated using two identical process modules each with three columns with a capacity of approximately 10,000 tonnes per day. This was later increased to 15,000 tonnes per day by the addition of a third process module and a few other up grades in 1992 at a cost of roughly 100 million. As well as the Brent fields the plants a ... more details
gas, see Propane torch butane gas liquid petroleum gas LPG with ambient atmospheric air via a replaceable ... confused in word usage with a flamethrower . Media gallery Image Small butane torch.jpg A small butane torch Image Aa butaneblowlamp.jpg Handheld butane blowlamp UK blowtorch USA Image Aa paraffin ... propane blowlamp UK blowtorch USA gallery See also Butane torch Gas burner Oxy fuel welding and cutting ... more details
in fuel choice from naphtha to butane , as butane allows for a controllable flame and has ... volatile liquid from evaporating, and to conveniently extinguish the flame. Butane lighters have a valved orifice that meters the butane gas as it escapes. A spark is created by striking metal ... volatile, and flammable vapour is present as soon as the top of the lighter is opened. Butane ... naphtha type , or the valve is released butane type . A metal enclosure with air holes generally ... less sensitive to wind. The high energy jet in butane lighters allows mixing to be accomplished by using ... from the flame. Specialized windproof butane lighters are manufactured for demanding conditions such as shipboard ... from higher pressure fuel. Windproof lighters use the same fuel butane as standard lighters, and therefore ... Operation mix the fuel with air , and may also pass the butane air mixture through a catalytic coil ... 2 January 2012 ref See also Butane torch Car adaptor Ferrocerium References reflist External ... more details
150px Image Ethane eclipsed depth cue 3D balls.png 150px center In butane , the two staggered ... anti vs gauche conformations center Image Butane anti side 3D balls.png 150px Image Butane eclipsed side 3D balls.png 150px Image Butane negative gauche side 3D balls.png 150px center Both conformations ... stored in butane conformers with greater steric hindrance than the anti conformer ground state is given ... compared to lone hydrogen atoms. image Butane conformers.svg 400px thumb center Relative energies of conformations of butane with respect to rotation of the central C C bond. The textbook explanation ... more details
Oil.jpg Honey oil File Butane honey oil being evaporated.JPG Butane honey oil evaporating gallery ... Butane Extraction Tips http www.marijuana.com news 2012 03 dab life a brief and wondrous history of concentrates ... more details
In organic chemistry , butyl is a four carbon alkyl radical chemistry radical or moiety chemistry substituent group with general chemical formula C sub 4 sub H sub 9 sub , derived from either of the two isomer s of butane . The isomer n butane can connect either at one of the two terminal carbon atoms or at one of the two internal carbon atoms, giving rise to two butyl groups Normal butyl or n Butyl CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub CH sub 2 sub CH sub 2 sub fully systematic name butyl Secondary butyl or sec Butyl CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub CH CH sub 3 sub fully systematic name 1 methylpropyl The second, branched isomer of butane, isobutyl, can connect either at one of the three terminal carbons or at the central carbon, giving rise to another two groups Isobutyl CH sub 3 sub sub 2 sub CH CH sub 2 sub fully systematic name 2 methylpropyl Tertiary butyl , tert Butyl or t butyl CH sub 3 sub sub 3 sub C fully systematic name 1,1 dimethylethyl Nomenclature According to IUPAC nomenclature , isobutyl , sec butyl , and tert butyl are all retained trivial names. class wikitable Skeletal formula Common name IUPAC name Systematic name Alternate notation File Butyl group 2D skeletal.png 100px n butyl butyl butyl butan 1 yl File Isobutyl group 2D skeletal.png 80px isobutyl isobutyl 2 methylpropyl 2 methylpropan 1 yl File Sec butyl group 2D skeletal.png 80px sec butyl sec butyl 1 methylpropyl butan 2 yl File Tert butyl group 2D skeletal.png 60px tert butyl tert butyl 1,1 dimethylethyl 2 methylpropan 2 yl Butyl is the largest substituent for which trivial name s are commonly used for all isomers. The butyl group s carbon that is connected to the rest R of the molecule is called the R sup I sup or R prime carbon Citation needed date January 2011 . The prefixes sec from secondary and tert from tertiary refer to the number of additional side chain s connected to the first butyl carbon. The prefix iso from isomer means equal while the prefix nowiki nowiki n nowiki nowiki stands for normal . S ... more details
T kai disambiguation , literally East Sea in Japanese may refer to T kai region , a subregion of Ch bu T kai, Ibaraki , a village, also nown as Tokaimura Tokai village T kai, Aichi , a city T kai University , a private university in Tokyo T kai Nuclear Power Plant , Ibaraki 2478 Tokai , a main belt asteroid T kai train , a train service between Tokyo Station and Shizuoka Station T kai Gakki or Tokai Guitars, a Japanese guitar company Ky sh Q1W T kai , an anti submarine bomber of Imperial Navy Tokai earthquakes , major earthquakes occurring regularly with an interval of 100 to 150 years Tokaimura nuclear accident , a fatal criticallity accident in T kai, Ibaraki on 30 September 1999 Tokai may refer to Tokai, Cape Town , a large residential suburb of Cape Town, South Africa Tokai cartoon character , of Bangladesh, a creation of Rafiqun Nabi Tokai lighter , a German disposable butane lighter See also T kaid disambiguation Tokaj disambiguation Tokay disambiguation disambig ar bg de Tokai fr Tokai ko nl Tokai pt Tokai ru sv Tokai uk vi T kai ja ... more details
and gauche conformations of butane. Examples of the anti and gauche conformations of butane. Enthalpy ... say in the equilibrium. For example, butane n butane has two possible conformations, alkane stereochemistry ... would expect that butane is roughly 82 anti and 18 gauche at room temperature. However, there are two ... conformational distribution of butane is 70 anti and 30 gauche at room temperature. Determining ... interrupts this stabilizing force. More complex molecules, such as butane, have more than one possible staggered conformation. The anti conformation of butane is approximately 3.8 kcal mol more ... , the strain energy in butane is due to both steric interactions between methyl groups and angle ... more details
Infobox Company name br Naftal company logo Image Naftal.jpg 120px center type Public company foundation January 1982 location city Algiers location country Algeria location modifies Headquarters entry locations of locations key people SAID AKRETCHE President and CEO area served industry Energy , Petrochemical products Gasoline , Diesel fuel Diesel , br Sirghaz oil s Butane services revenue operating income net income ... billion dinars ... billion USD ... num employees 29.885 2008 parent divisions subsid ... br ... br slogan homepage http www.naftal.dz Naftal not yet in Arabic And English languages dissolved footnotes intl Enter yes to change labels to international instead of US terminology Image Naftal.jpg thumb right A Naftal gas pump Naftal Arabic is the principal company selling petroleum based fuels for domestic consumption in Algeria its gas station s are a familiar sight throughout the country. Founded in 1982 by government decree, it was responsible for refining and distribution until 1987. In 1998, it became a subsidiary of Sonatrach . It employs about 30,000 workers, and has about 10,000 gas stations as of 2005. External links http www.naftal.dz Naftal Category Oil and gas companies of Algeria Category Companies established in 1982 Category Energy in Algeria Category Companies of Algeria Companies of Algeria Algeria company stub petroleum company stub ar fr Naftal ... more details
Chembox Reference ref http www.orionchem.com DMNB.htm Orion Chem PVT LTD Manufacture Information ref ImageFile 2,3 dimethyl 2,3 dinitrobutane 2D skeletal.png ImageSize 160px ImageFile1 DMDNB 3D balls.png ImageSize1 160px IUPACName 2,3 Dimethyl 2,3 dinitrobutane OtherNames 2,3 Dimethyl 2,3 dinitro n butane, DMDNB, DMNB Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID 69982 InChIKey DWCLXOREGBLXTD UHFFFAOYAA CASNo 3964 18 9 PubChem 77577 SMILES CC C C C C N O O N O O InChI 1 C6H12N2O4 c1 5 2,7 9 10 6 3,4 8 11 12 h1 4H3 Section2 Chembox Properties C 6 H 12 N 2 O 4 Appearance Density MeltingPt 210 214 C BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition DMDNB , or also DMNB , chemically 2,3 dimethyl 2,3 dinitrobutane, is a volatile organic compound used as a taggant detection taggant for explosive s, mostly in the United States where it is virtually the only such taggant in use. DMNB can be detected in the laboratory using physical means but, ironically, Dog s cannot detect it in field tests ref Furton and Myers 2001 Talanta 54 487 500 Harper et al 2005 Talanta 67 313 327 ref References reflist DEFAULTSORT Dmdnb Category Nitro compounds Category Explosives detection fa ja pl DMDNB ... more details
For the geometry of staggered rows lattice group context date March 2011 Image Staggered Conformation.svg thumb 200px Staggered conformation image right in Newman projection Image Eclipsed Conformation.svg 200px thumb Eclipsed conformation Image Ethane conformation.gif thumb right 200px conformational freedom in ethane In organic chemistry, a staggered conformation is a chemical conformation of an ethane like moiety abcX Ydef in which the substituents a,b,and c are at the maximum distance from d,e,and f. This requires the torsion angles to be 60 . ref Ernest L. Eliel and Samuel H. Wilen, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds , Wiley 1994 , p.1207 ref Such a conformation exists in any open chain single chemical bond connecting two sp sup 3 sup orbital hybridisation hybridised atoms, and is normally a conformational energy minimum .For some molecule s such as those of n butane , there can be special versions of staggered conformations called gauche and anti see first Newman projection diagram in Conformational isomerism . See also Alkane stereochemistry References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Staggered Conformation Category Stereochemistry ar nl Geschrankte conformatie sr Stepeni asta konformacija sv Staggered ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2009 The petroleum industry is usually divided into three major components Upstream petroleum industry upstream , midstream and Downstream petroleum industry downstream . Midstream operations include elements of traditional upstream and downstream business. The midstream gas business starts at the gathering system. The gathering system is collecting wet natural gas from the well heads and transports it to a gas processing plant. A gathering system can range from a small system where gas is processed close to the well head, to a system that consists of thousands of miles of small diameter, low pressure pipes collecting from many hundred wells. At the gas processing plant methane a.k.a. dry natural gas is separated from the wet natural gas, leaving natural gas liquids as a by product. NGLs are heavier elements of the wet natural gas, these include ethane , propane , butane , isobutane , and other condensates. The midstream companies makes money by fractionating , transporting and marketing these natural gas liquids. Source http naturalgas.org naturalgas processing ng.asp NaturalGas.org Natural Gas Liquids NGL should not be confused with Liquified Natural Gas LNG which is methane condensed into a liquid at close to atmospheric pressure . See also Upstream petroleum industry Downstream petroleum industry Oil production plant External links Petroleum industry Category Business terms Category Petroleum production petroleum stub nn Petroleumsverksemd ... more details
Image Spectrum of blue flame.png thumb right 350px Spectrum of the blue flame from a butane torch showing excited molecular Radical chemistry radical band emission and Swan bands. Swan bands are a characteristic of the emission spectrum spectra of carbon star s, comets and of burning hydrocarbon fuels. ref cite journal author R.C. Johnson year 1927 title The structure and origin of the Swan band spectrum of carbon journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A volume 226 pages 157 230 doi 10.1098 rsta.1927.0005 bibcode 1927RSPTA.226..157J issue 636 646 ref ref cite journal author W.E. Pretty year 1927 title The Swan band spectrum of carbon journal Proceedings of the Physical Society volume 40 pages 71 78 doi 10.1088 0959 5309 40 1 313 bibcode 1927PPS....40...71P ref They are named for the Scottish physicist William Swan who first studied the spectral analysis of radical carbon C sub 2 sub in 1856. ref cite journal author W. Swan year 1857 title On the prismatic spectra of the flames of compounds of carbon and hydrogen journal Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh volume 21 pages 411 430 ref References Reflist See also Spectroscopy Category Spectroscopy Category Fire Category Astronomical spectroscopy Category Astrochemistry physics stub ar fr Raie de Swan ... more details
Compressed natural gas CNG carrier ships are designed for transportation of natural gas under high pressure . CNG carrier technology relies on high pressure, typically over 200 Bar unit bar 2900 Pounds per square inch psi , to increase the density of the gas. Full scale CNG carriers are under development. Whether CNG carriers may find their place in competition with the well established technology of liquefied natural gas by LNG carrier s in yet to be demonstrated. Pressure container technology Several approaches to the problem of a cost effective high pressure containers. The main variables are the material to be used and the geometry of the containers. Standard method of storing non condensed gases in metal flasks is not cost effective for high volume storage at high pressure. This does not apply to gases such as butane and propane or their mixtures as in liquefied petroleum gas LPG . LPG gases liquefy at ambient temperatures under moderate pressure and can be economically stored in steel containers of various sizes. New approaches to CNG technology include fiber reinforced plastic containers and containers in the form of metal tubes of moderate diameter typically 6 or 168 mm internal diameter . In one approach http www.coselle.com coselle.php Coselle convert 17 km mi of tubing is wound on a spindle. Such spindles are stackable and may be connected to achieve the desired capacity. Unreferenced date June 2009 Category Ships Ship type stub ... more details
The Benedict Webb Rubin equation BWR , named after M. Benedict, G. B. Webb, and L. C. Rubin, is an equation of state used in fluid dynamics . The original BWR equation math P rho RT left B 0 RT A 0 frac C 0 T 2 right rho 2 left bRT a right rho 3 alpha a rho 6 frac c rho 3 T 2 left 1 gamma rho 2 right exp left gamma rho 2 right math The BWRS equation of state A modification of the Benedict Webb Rubin equation of state by Professor Kenneth E. Starling of the University of Oklahoma math P rho RT left B 0 RT A 0 frac C 0 T 2 frac D 0 T 3 frac E 0 T 4 right rho 2 left bRT a frac d T right rho 3 alpha left a frac d T right rho 6 frac c rho 3 T 2 left beta gamma rho 2 right exp left gamma rho 2 right math &rho the molar density . Values of the various parameters for 15 substances can be found in K.E. Starling, Fluid Properties for Light Petroleum Systems. Gulf Publishing Company 1973 . The Modified BWR equation mBWR A further modification of the Benedict Webb Rubin equation of state by Jacobsen and Stewart math P sum n 1 9 a n rho n exp left gamma rho 2 right sum n 10 15 a n rho 2n 17 math where math gamma 1 rho c 2 math See also Real gas References Benedict, M., Webb, G. B., and Rubin, L. C., An Empirical Equation for Thermodynamic Properties of Light Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures I. Methane, Ethane, Propane, and n Butane , J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 8, No.4, pp. 334&ndash 345 1940 . ibid, II. Mixtures of Methane, Ethane, Propane and n Butane , J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 10, No. 12, pp. 747&ndash 758 1942 . ibid, III. Constants for Twelve Hydrocarbons , Chem. Eng. Progr., Vol. 47, No. 8, pp. 419&ndash 422 1951 . ibid, IV. Fugacities and Liquid Vapor Equilibria , Chem. Engr. Progr., Vol. 47, No. 9, pp. 449&ndash 454 1951 . R.C. Reid, J.M. Prausnitz, B.E. Poling The Properties of Gases & Liquids , 4th Ed., McGraw Hill, New Vork 1987 R.T. Jacobsen and R.B. Stewart, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 2, 757 1973 . fluiddynamics stub Category Equations of fluid dynamics de Zustandsgleichung von B ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE n Butylamine chembox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 412364052 Name n Butylamine ImageFile Ref chemboximage correct ?? ImageFile N Butylamine.svg ImageSize 150px ImageName n Butylamine IUPACName butan 1 amine OtherNames NBA Monobutylamime 1 Butanamine 1 Aminobutane Section1 Chembox Identifiers DrugBank Ref drugbankcite changed drugbank DrugBank DB03659 UNII Ref fdacite changed FDA UNII N2QV60B4WR ChEBI Ref ebicite changed EBI ChEBI 43799 SMILES NCCCC ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 7716 PubChem 8007 ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 13968 InChI 1 C4H11N c1 2 3 4 5 h2 5H2,1H3 InChIKey HQABUPZFAYXKJW UHFFFAOYAE StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C4H11N c1 2 3 4 5 h2 5H2,1H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey HQABUPZFAYXKJW UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 109 73 9 RTECS UNNumber UN 1125 Section2 Chembox Properties C 4 H 11 N 1 Appearance Colorless liquid Density 0.74 g cm sup 3 sup Solubility Miscible MeltingPtC 49 BoilingPtC 77 pKa 10.59 ref cite journal doi 10.1021 ja01577a030 author Hall, H.K. journal J. Am. Chem. Soc. year 1957 volume 79 pages 5441 issue 20 ref Viscosity 0.5 Pascal second mPa.s at 20 C Section7 Chembox Hazards ExternalMSDS http hazard.com msds mf baker baker files b6340.htm JT Baker MainHazards Corrosive, if touched, can cause smelling and taste problems and Highly flammable FlashPt 14 C RPhrases R11 R35 R20 R21 R22 SPhrases S3 S16 S26 S29 S45 S36 S37 S39 Section8 Chembox Related OtherCpds sec butylamine sec butylamine br Tert Butylamine tert butylamine br isobutylamine br butane br n Butanol n butanol n Butylamine is an organic compound specifically, an amine with the formula CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub CH sub 2 sub CH sub 2 sub NH sub 2 sub . This colourless liquid is one of the four isomer ic amine s of butane , the others being sec Butylamine sec butylamine , tert Butylamine tert butylamine and isobutylamine . At standard temperat ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 443883203 Name Isobutylamine ImageFile Isobutylamine.svg ImageName isobutylamine IUPACName 2 methylpropan 1 amine OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII 1H60H4LOHZ ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 15997 SMILES NCC C C ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 6310 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG C02787 InChI 1 C4H11N c1 4 2 3 5 h4H,3,5H2,1 2H3 InChIKey KDSNLYIMUZNERS UHFFFAOYAP StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C4H11N c1 4 2 3 5 h4H,3,5H2,1 2H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey KDSNLYIMUZNERS UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo 78 81 9 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS RTECS UNNumber UN 1125 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 4 sub H sub 11 sub N MolarMass 73.14 g mol Appearance colorless liquid Density 0.736 g cm sup 3 sup , liquid Solubility miscible miscible MeltingPt 72 C BoilingPt 63 C pKa Alkaline 12.5 at 20 C at 100g l Viscosity 0.5 Pascal second mPa.s at 20 C Section7 Chembox Hazards ExternalMSDS http physchem.ox.ac.uk MSDS BU sec butylamine.html External MSDS EUClass Dangerous for the environment N Highly flammable F Harmful Xn FlashPt 19 C RPhrases R11 R35 R20 R21 R22 SPhrases S3 S16 S26 S29 S45 S36 S37 S39 Section8 Chembox Related OtherCpds N Butylamine n butylamine br sec butylamine sec butylamine br Tert Butylamine tert butylamine br butane br isobutanol Isobutylamine is an organic chemical compound specifically, an amine with the formula CH sub 3 sub sub 2 sub CHCH sub 2 sub NH sub 2 sub , and occurs as a colorless liquid. ref http www.chemicalbook.com ChemicalProductProperty EN CB9211238.htm Isobutylamine chemicalbook.com ref ref http www.chemblink.com products 78 81 9.htm Isobutylamine Chemblink.com ref Isobutylamine is one of the four isomeric amines of butane , the others being N Butylamine n butylamine , sec butylamine sec butylamine and Tert Butylamine tert butylamine . References reflist Category Amines amine stub de Isobutyla ... more details
list Propane n Propyl iodide n Propyl iodide Isopropyl iodide Butane Pentane OtherCpds Diiodohydroxypropane Butyl iodide is an organic compound which is an iodine iodo derivative of butane . It is used ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 428730398 ImageFile Chiraphos.png OtherNames 2 S ,3 S Bis diphenylphosphino butane 2 R ,3 R Bis diphenylphosphino butane for the corresponding enantiomer Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 8288775 PubChem 10113249 InChI 1 C28H28P2 c1 23 29 25 15 7 3 8 16 25 26 17 9 4 10 18 26 24 2 30 27 19 11 5 12 20 27 28 21 13 6 14 22 28 h3 24H,1 2H3 t23 ,24 m0 s1 InChIKey FWXAUDSWDBGCMN ZEQRLZLVBA SMILES P c1ccccc1 c2ccccc2 C H C H P c3ccccc3 c4ccccc4 C C StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C28H28P2 c1 23 29 25 15 7 3 8 16 25 26 17 9 4 10 18 26 24 2 30 27 19 11 5 12 20 27 28 21 13 6 14 22 28 h3 24H,1 2H3 t23 ,24 m0 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey FWXAUDSWDBGCMN ZEQRLZLVSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct ?? CASNo 74839 84 2 CASNo Comment R , R Enantiomer CASNo1 64896 28 2 CASNo1 Comment S , S Enantiomer Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 28 sub H sub 28 sub P sub 2 sub Appearance White powder MolarMass 426.47 g mol MeltingPt 104 109 C Section3 Chembox Hazards EUClass Irritant XI RPhrases R36 37 38 SPhrases S26 S37 39 Chiraphos is a Chirality chemistry chiral diphosphines diphosphine employed as a ligand in organometallic chemistry . This bidentate ligand chelates metals via the two phosphine groups. Its name is derived from its description &mdash being both chiral and a phosphine . Chiraphos is available in two enantiomeric forms, S , S and R , R , each with C sub 2 sub symmetry. meso is not chiraphos Preparation Chiraphos is prepared from S , S or R , R 2,3 Butanediol 2,3 butanediol , which are derived from commercially available S , S or R , R tartaric acid the technique of using cheaply available enantiopure starting materials is known as chiral pool synthesis . The diol is sulfonamide chemistry tosylated and then the ditosylate is treated with lithium diphenylphosphide. ref cite journal author M. D. Fryzuk, B. Bosnich title Asymmetric synthesis ... more details
Slaughter received negative reviews. Johnny Butane wrote, It s probably the single most boring film I have ever seen on the big screen from any genre. ref Johnny Butane, http www.dreadcentral.com ... more details
on grade ref Butane convert 405 C F abbr on ref cite web url http www.wolframalpha.com input ?i butane title Butane Safety Properties by Wolfram Alpha curated data, 2009 Wolfram Mathematica ChemicalData ... more details
file Brennschere, Brennzange.jpg thumb historical image of hair irons top A hair iron or hair tong is a tool used to change the structure of the hair using heat . There are three general kinds curling irons , used to make the hair curl y, straightening irons , commonly called straighteners or flat irons , used to straighten the hair , and crimping irons , used to create Hair crimping crimps of the desired size in the hair. Most models have electric heating cordless curling irons typically use butane . ref http www.wisegeek.com what is a butane curling iron.htm wiseGEEK What Is a Butane Curling Iron? ref History It is generally acknowledged that Ian Gutgold was the first to experiment with hard chemicals to straighten hair, but this often resulted in burnt scalps. ref cite web last Polliski first Edie title Origins of Flat Iron url http www.hairflatiron.org publisher Hair Flat Iron Training Council ref Simon Monroe patented a hair straightener in 1906 that comprised 7 metallic teeth that are combed through the hair, ref http www.google.com patents?hl en&lr &vid USPAT819444&id T89RAAAAEBAJ&oi fnd&dq hair straightener Hair Straightener Patent Number 819444 ref while in 1909 Isaac K. Shero patented a hair straightener composed of two flat irons that are heated and pressed together. ref http www.google.com patents?hl en&lr &vid USPAT943321&id 10hiAAAAEBAJ&oi fnd&dq first hair straightener Hair Straightener Patent Number ref Types of hair irons Curling iron File Curling iron unbranded.jpg thumb right 300px An electric curling iron. File Bodindecha Sing Singhaseni School Student 014.jpg A Thailand Thai student with her hair straightened by a hair iron right 250px thumb Curling irons , also known as curling tongs , create waves or curls in the hair. There are many different types of modern curling irons, which can vary by diameter , material, and shape of barrel and the type of handle. The barrel s diameter can be anywhere from convert .5 in cm to convert 2 in cm . Smaller ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
