complement factor C4b. C4d is typically initiated by binding of antibodies to specific target molecules ... allow transient, covalent binding of the degradation product C4d to endothelial cell surfaces and extracellular matrix components of vascular basement membranes near the sites of C4 activation. C4d is also found in intracytoplasmic vacuoles of endothelial cells. Covalent binding renders C4d a stable molecule that can easily be detected by immunohistochemistry. Detection of C4d is regarded as an indirect ... time, a general and robust immunohistochemical marker for humoral rejection is identified. Since C4d ..., the mannan binding lectin pathway. Thus, C4d may also be potentially deposited without prior antibody ..., C4d accumulation is considered to be a marker for an antibody mediated allo response . The detection of C4d in a graft biopsy, in ideal circumstances, should be amended by clinical information on circulating ... Genome Information Center NCBI , NIH ref C4d has been identified as a biomarker for systemic lupus ..., Ruffing MJ, Ahearn JM title Reticulocytes bearing C4d as biomarkers of disease activity for systemic ... more details
Communication for Development C4D is a broad term used to refer to all the different types of communication that need to take place in societies if sustainable democratic development is to occur. It encompasses access to and exchange of information, dialogue, creation of knowledge and open access to knowledge, development communication , strategic communication, participatory communication, expressive culture, media, information and communications infrastructure and technologies. C4D recognises that communication processes often reflect power relations and aims to address this by enabling people s capacities to understand, negotiate and take part in decision making that affects their lives. The growing interest in this sector lead to the first World Congress on Communication for Development organized by the FAO ComDev Team, The World Bank and The Communication initiative in Rome , Italy , in October 2006. External links http www.fao.org oek communication for development en FAO ComDev http www.twitter.com FAOcomdev FAO ComDev on twitter http www.panos.org.uk Panos London http www.comminit.com The Communication Initiative Network http www.unicef.org cbsc index.html UNICEF C4D http www.csdinitiative.org Communication for Sustainable Development Initiative CSDI Further reading ftp ftp.fao.org docrep fao 010 ai143e ai143e00.pdf World Congress on Communication for Development Lessons, Challenges, and the Way Forward 2007 Panos London, http www.panos.org.uk heartofchange At the heart of change The role of communication in sustainable development 2007 Panos London, http www.panos.org.uk ?lid296 The case for communication in sustainable development 2007 South South DEFAULTSORT Communication For Development Category Food and Agriculture Organization Category World Bank Category Communication Category Development ... more details
The Biovision Hierarchy BVH character animation file format was developed by Biovision, a defunct motion capture services company, to give motion capture data to customers. This format largely displaced an earlier format Biovision providing skeleton hierarchy information as well as motion data. As of 2008, BVH is widely used, however not all applications support importing and exporting files in this format. Examples of software using files in BVH format Lightwave 3D 3ds Max version 9 or later Blender software Blender Cobalt CAD program Cobalt DAZ Studio Esenthel Engine Lifeforms software Lifeforms Maya software Maya Poser Seamless3d Free open source modeller Second Life Avimator and its Qt port Qavimator C4D Maxon Cinema 4d formZ Milkshape 3D Papervision Papervision 3D OpenQwaq See also List of motion and gesture file formats Category Animation software Category Computer file formats fr Biovision Hierarchy ... more details
Infobox software name Maxon CINEMA 4D logo Image C4D Logo.png 129px screenshot File C4dwindow.png 256px caption Screenshot of CINEMA 4D Release 12 running under Windows 7 developer MAXON Computer GmbH latest release version R13.029 latest release date September, 2011 operating system Mac OS X , Microsoft Windows , Linux genre 3D computer graphics license Proprietary software Proprietary website http www.maxon.net Maxon CINEMA 4D site CINEMA 4D is a 3D modeling, animation and rendering application developed by MAXON Computer GmbH of Friedrichsdorf , Germany . It is capable of procedural and polygonal Catmull Clark subdivision surface subd modeling, animating, lighting, texturing, rendering, and common features found in 3d modelling applications. Overview The application relies on widely used 3D computer graphics computer 3D technology which works by creating groups of points known as vertex vertices who form surfaces when connected. The illusion of three dimensions is created by modeling objects out of multiple surfaces. Still pictures, movies and game environments among other things can be created with this technique. When a scene is finished it is normally Rendering computer graphics rendered . Rendering refers to the act of calculating the scene, the 3D computer graphics Reflection and shading models shading , the colors and the Texture mapping textures . After rendering one is able to save the project in many different file formats including high resolution image and video files such as AVI or QuickTime . Rendering a 3D scene can take anywhere from few seconds to several days depending on the complexity of the scene and the power of the computer. Rendering a movie is especially time consuming. CINEMA 4D has its own programming language, C.O.F.F.E.E., to develop platform ... on line communities such as http www.c4dcafe.com c4d cafe and http www.cgtalk.com CGTalk available ... MAXON English page http www.c4dzone.com International C4D community http www.c4des.com Spanish C4D ... more details
The School of Applied Sciences SAS at Cranfield University , formerly the School of Industrial and Manufacturing Science, operates across materials , manufacturing , natural resources and sustainable systems. The School s focus is on research and its application to meet the needs of industry and society. This research informs the teaching, training and consultancy services on offer. ref Cranfield University ref The School offers full and part time Master s courses and postgraduate level programmes together with research opportunities across a wide range of areas including automotive and motorsport, environment, manufacturing, materials, offshore, sustainability and water. Consultancy services to clients and a range of continuing professional development CPD courses are also offered. The School of Applied Sciences is led by Professor Tom Stephenson http www.cranfield.ac.uk sas aboutus staff stephensont.jsp who is a graduate of the University of York and Imperial College , London. Rankings Applied Sciences is a major contributor towards Cranfield University being ranked third in the UK in the Research Assessment Exercise RAE for the impact of its mechanical, aeronautical and manufacturing research and for receiving a strong result in the Agriculture Unit of Assessment with 85 gaining international status and 40 of that research being deemed of an internationally excellent standard . ref Research Assessment Exercise ref Department Research Manufacturing department Cranfield s manufacturing research integrates decision engineering, manufacturing systems and competitive creative design. The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council EPSRC supported Cranfield Innovative Manufacturing Research Centre IMRC provides a platform for further integration across the wider university and for continued growth of manufacturing research including Product service system PSS research. Manufacturing research centres Centre for Competitive Creative Design C4D Decision Engineering ... more details
NW Biennial. C4D PNCA supports a fully functioning professional design firm, operated by the students and their mentors, the or http www.center4design.com C4D . This firm, operated in a separate satellite ... more details
Cranfield University C4D building.jpg 250px thumb C4D Building, the Centre for Creative Competitive ... information. http www.centrefordesign.co.uk C4D, the Centre for Creative Competitive Design Universities ... more details
The School of Applied Sciences SAS , Cranfield University , formerly the School of Industrial and Manufacturing Science SIMS , operates across materials , manufacturing , natural resources and sustainable systems . The School s focus is on research and its application to meet the needs of industry and society. This research informs the teaching, training and consultancy services offered by the School. ref Cranfield University ref The School provides full and part time Master s degree and postgraduate level courses together with research opportunities across a wide range of areas including automotive and motorsport, environment, manufacturing, materials, offshore, sustainability and water. Consultancy services to clients and a range of continuing professional development CPD courses are also offered. The School of Applied Sciences is led by Professor Tom Stephenson http www.cranfield.ac.uk sas aboutus staff stephensont.jsp who is a graduate of the University of York and Imperial College London . Rankings Applied Sciences is a major contributor towards Cranfield University being ranked third in the UK s Research Assessment Exercise for the impact of its mechanical, aeronautical and manufacturing research and for receiving a strong result in the Agriculture Unit of Assessment with 85 gaining international status and 40 of that research being deemed of an internationally excellent standard . ref Research Assessment Exercise ref Department Research Manufacturing department Cranfield s manufacturing research integrates decision engineering, manufacturing systems and competitive creative design. The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council EPSRC supported Cranfield Innovative Manufacturing Research Centre IMRC provides a platform for further integration across the wider university and for continued growth of manufacturing research including Product service system PSS research. Manufacturing research centres Centre for Competitive Creative Design C4D http www.cent ... more details
A Master of Design MDes , M.Des. or M.Design is a postgraduate academic master degree in the field of Design awarded several academic institutions around the world. The degree level has different equivalecies some MDes are equivalent to Master of Fine Arts and others to a Master of Arts postgraduate Master of Arts or Master of Science postgraduate degree in alternative disciplines. It usually follows a Bachelor of Design degree and requires around two years of study, although there is no governing body or regulations. Awarding institutions incomplete list date February 2011 Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design , Jerusalem, Israel , awards a M.Des. degree in Industrial Design in a two year program. ref name vatat ref Cite web url http www.bezalel.ac.il en academics masters degree industrial about title M.Des. About Bezalel work bezalel.ac.il accessdate 4 August 2010 ref Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, PA , awards two year MDes degrees in Communication Planning and Information Design offered jointly with the School of English , as well as interaction design, both through the School of Design. Both are terminal degrees in a two year program. ref Cite web url http design.cmu.edu show program.php?s 2&t 1 accessdate 14 May 2011 title Graduate Programs Carnegie Mellon School of Design ref University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, OH , awards a M.Des. terminal degree in a two year program. ref http daap.uc.edu academics design m of design.html ref Cranfield University , Cranfield, UK, awards an MDes in Innovation and Creativity in Industry ref http www.cranfield.ac.uk sas competitivedesign ref and an MDes in Design and Innovation for Sustainability ref http www.cranfield.ac.uk students courses page1284.html ref , both through the Centre for Competitive Creative Design C4D . University of Dundee , Dundee, Scotland awards an MDes over one year of full time study. ref http www.dundee.ac.uk postgraduate courses design mdes.htm ref Edinburgh Napier University , Edinburgh, UK ... more details
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