The CambridgeReferenceSequence CRS for human mitochondrial DNA was first published in 1981 ref cite journal author Anderson S, Bankier AT, Barrell BG, de Bruijn MH, Coulson AR, Drouin J, Eperon IC, Nierlich DP, Roe BA, Sanger F, Schreier PH, Smith AJ, Staden R, Young IG title Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome journal Nature volume 290 issue 5806 pages 457 465 year 1981 pmid 7219534 doi 10.1038 290457a0 ref leading to the initiation of the human genome project . A group under Dr. Fred Sanger at University of CambridgeCambridge University sequenced the mitochondrial genome of one individual of European descent during the 1970s, determining it to have a length of 16,569 base pairs 0.0006 of the total human genome containing some 37 genes. When other researchers repeated the sequencing, some striking discrepancies were noted. The original published sequence included eleven errors, including one extra base pair in position 3107, and incorrect assignments of single base pairs. Some of these were the result of contamination with bovine and HeLa specimens. The corrected revised CRS was published by Andrews et al. in 1999. ref cite journal author Andrews RM, Kubacka I, Chinnery PF, Lightowlers RN, Turnbull DM, Howell N title Reanalysis and revision of the Cambridgereferencesequence for human mitochondrial DNA journal Nat Genet volume 23 issue 2 pages 147 year 1999 pmid 10508508 doi 10.1038 13779 ref The original nucleotide numbering was retained to avoid confusion. The referencesequence belongs to European haplogroup H mtDNA haplogroup H2a2a . The revised CRS is designated as rCRS . When genealogical DNA test Mitochondrial DNA mtDNA testing mitochondrial ... nuccore NC 012920 GenBank record of the revised CambridgeReferenceSequence rCRS http www.phylotree.org rCRS annotated.htm An annotated revised CambridgeReferenceSequence rCRS at PhyloTree.org Category ... from the revised CRS. The CRS is a referencesequence rather than a record of the earliest human ... more details
Other uses In mathematics , a sequence is an ordered list of objects or events . Like a Set mathematics ... possibly infinite is called the length of the sequence. Unlike a set, order matters, and exactly the same elements can appear multiple times at different positions in the sequence. A sequence is a Discrete mathematics discrete function mathematics function . For example, C, R, Y is a sequence of letters ..., or Infinite set infinite , such as the sequence of all even and odd numbers even ... notions of sequence, but may be excluded depending on the context. Image Cauchy sequence illustration2.svg right thumb 350px An infinite sequence of real numbers in blue . This sequence is neither increasing, nor decreasing, nor convergent, nor Cauchy sequence Cauchy . It is, however, bounded ... of which e.g. , exact sequence are not covered by the notations introduced below. In addition to identifying the elements of a sequence by their position, such as the 3rd element , elements may be given names for convenient referencing. For example a sequence might be written as a sub 1 sub , a sub ... definition of a finite sequence with terms in a set S is a function mathematics function from 1, 2, ..., n to S for some n 0. An infinite sequence in S is a function from 1, 2, ... to S . For example, the sequence of prime numbers 2,3,5,7,11, is the function 1 2 , 2 3 , 3 5 , 4 7 , 5 11 , . A sequence of a finite length n is also called an n tuple n tuple . Finite sequences include the empty sequence ... sequence or two way infinite sequence . An example is the bi infinite sequence of all even integers , 4, 2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 . Multiplicative Let A a sequence defined by a function f 1, 2, 3, ... 1, 2, 3, ... , such that a sub i sub f i . The sequence is multiplicative if f xy f x f y for all x , y ... of sequences A subsequence of a given sequence is a sequence formed from the given sequence by deleting ... of the sequence are a subset of an partially ordered set ordered set , then a monotonically ... more details
Refimprove date April 2010 pp move indef Reference is a relation between objects in which one object ... object refers is called the referent of the first object. The term reference is used in many spheres ... hide the reference from some observers, as in cryptography . The following sections give specific usages of reference in different subjects. Etymology The word reference is derived from ... science Main Reference computer science In computer science , Reference computer science reference ... of data structure s, such as linked list s. Generally, a reference is a value that enables a program to directly access the particular data item. Most programming language s support some form of reference. The C programming language has a specific type of reference also referred to as a reference see reference C . Bibliographies Bibliographies are special reference work s that are used to identify ... or researchers. Library and information sciences In a library , reference may refer to a dictionary , an encyclopedia or other reference work , that contains many brief articles that cover a broad scope of knowledge in one book, or a set of books. However, the word reference is also used to mean a book that cannot be taken from the room, or from the building. Many of the books in the reference department of a library are reference works, but some are books that are simply too large or valuable to loan out. Conversely, selected reference works may be shelved with other library circulation ... Resource Identifier URI . Librarians also conduct reference interview s at the library reference ... though virtual reference and digital reference services . Encyclopedias & books of facts Some published sources are produced as reference work s that allow quick access to essential information about .... Psychology In terms of mental processing, a self reference is used in psychology to establish ... own frames of reference in a greater state of immediate awareness. However, it can laso lead ... more details
Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians name The Sequence image caption image size Only for images narrower than 220 pixels background group or band alias origin Columbia, South Carolina Columbia , South Carolina , United States U.S. genre Old school hip hop br Funk years active 1979 1985 label Sugar Hill Records rap Sugar Hill associated acts Spoonie Gee website past members Angie Stone Angie Brown Stone Angie B. br Cheryl Cook Cheryl The Pearl br Gwendolyn Chisolm Blondy The Sequence is a former female old school hip hop trio signed to the Sugar Hill Records rap Sugar Hill label in the early 1980s. The group consisted of Cheryl Cook Cheryl The Pearl , Gwendolyn Chisolm Blondie , and lead singer rapper Angie Stone Angie Brown Stone Angie B. . The group originated from Columbia, South Carolina Columbia , South Carolina as a group of high school cheerleader s. Their most notable single was Funk You Up 1979 , which was the first rap record released by a female group and the second single released by Sugar Hill Records rap Sugar Hill Records . ref name Greenberg1999 Greenberg, Steve Light, Alan ed. 1999 . The VIBE History of Hip Hop . Three Rivers Press. p. 28. ISBN 0609805037 ref Elements of Funk You Up were later used by Dr. Dre for his 1995 single Keep Their Heads Ringin . ref Ego Trip s Book of Rap Lists Book of Rap Lists . 1999. Macmillan Publishers Macmillan ... song Let s Do It Again Discography Albums Sugarhill Presents the Sequence 1980 , Sugar Hill Records rap Sugar Hill The Sequence 1982 , Sugar Hill 51 Black Albums The Sequence Party 1983 , Sugar Hill Compilations Funky Sound 1995 , P Vine The Best of the Sequence 1996 , Deep Beats Monster Jam Back ... class artist id p194849 pure url yes The Sequence . Allmusic . External links http www.discogs.com artist Sequence, The Discography DEFAULTSORT Sequence, The Category African American musical groups ... Musical trios Hiphop band stub no The Sequence ... more details
about the city in England Cambridge disambiguation Use British English date August 2011 Infobox settlement ... of Cambridge other name nickname settlement type City status in the United Kingdom City & non metropolitan ... type Coat of Arms of the City Council blank emblem size 150px blank emblem link Cambridge City Council, England image map Cambridge UK locator map.svg mapsize 200px map caption Cambridge shown within ... Admin HQ subdivision name4 Cambridge Guildhall Politics government footnotes government type Non metropolitan ... name Cambridge City Council leader title1 Mayor leader name1 Ian Nimmo Smith politician Ian Nimmo Smith ... title Biography of the mayor publisher Cambridge City Countil date No date accessdate ... grid reference system OS grid reference blank2 info gbmappingsmall TL450588 website http www.cambridge.gov.uk www.cambridge.gov.uk INFOBOX END File Cambridge 1575.png thumb 300px Cambridge in 1575 The city status in the United Kingdom city of Cambridge IPAc en audio en uk Cambridge.ogg k e ... http www.ons.gov.uk ons publications re reference tables.html?edition tcm 3A77 231847 title Population ... in the area in bronze age and Roman invasion of Britain Roman times, and under Viking rule Cambridge ... granted in the 12th century , although city status was not conferred until 1951. Cambridge is most widely known as the home of the University of Cambridge , founded in 1209 and consistently ranked one ... Chapel, Cambridge King s College Chapel , and the Cambridge University Library . The Cambridge ... in the far south of the city and St John s College, Cambridge St John s College Chapel tower. Today, Cambridge is at the heart of the high tech nology centre known as Silicon Fen a play on Silicon Valley ... Fair music and arts festival is held on Midsummer Common . Cambridge is adjacent to the M11 motorway .... File Elm Street.JPG thumb Cottages in Orchard Street, Cambridge History Prehistory and Roman Settlements have existed around the Cambridge area since before the Roman Empire . The earliest clear ... more details
for regular Cauchy sequence Cauchy sequence In constructive mathematics In commutative algebra , if R is a commutative ring and M an R Module mathematics module , a nonzero element r in R is called M regular if r is not a zerodivisor on M , and M rM is nonzero. An R regular sequence on M is a d tuple r sub 1 sub , ..., r sub d sub in R such that for each i &le d , r sub i sub is M sub i 1 sub regular, where M sub i 1 sub is the quotient R module M r sub 1 sub , ..., r sub i 1 sub M . Such a sequence is also called an M sequence. An R regular sequence is usually called simply a regular sequence . It may be that r sub 1 sub , ..., r sub d sub is an M sequence, and yet some permutation of the sequence is not. It is, however, a theorem that if R is a local ring or if R is a graded ring and the r sub i sub are all homogeneous, then a sequence is an R sequence only if every permutation of it is an R sequence. The depth ring theory depth of R is defined as the maximum length of a regular R sequence on R . More generally, the depth of an R module M is the maximum length of an M regular sequence on M . The concept is inherently module theoretic and so there is no harm in approaching it from this point of view. The depth of a module is always at least 0 and no greater than the Krull dimension of the module. Examples If k is a field, it possesses no non zero non unit elements so its depth as a k module is 0 . If k is a field and X is an indeterminate, then X is a nonzerodivisor on the formal power series ring R k nowiki nowiki X nowiki nowiki , but R XR is a field and has no further nonzerodivisors. Therefore R has depth 1. If k is a field and X sub 1 sub , X sub 2 sub , ..., X sub d sub are indeterminates, then X sub 1 sub , X sub 2 sub , ..., X sub d sub form a regular sequence of length d on the polynomial ring k X sub 1 sub , X sub 2 sub , ..., X sub d sub and there are no longer ... rings . Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics, 39. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993 ... more details
An automatic sequence or k automatic sequence is an infinite sequence of terms characterized by a finite automaton . The n th term of the sequence is a mapping of the final state of the automaton when its input is the digits of n in some fixed base k . ref name as1 Allouche & Shallit 2003 p.152 ref A k automatic set is a set of non negative integers for which the sequence of values of its characteristic function is an automatic sequence that is, membership of n in the set can be determined by a finite state automaton on the digits of n in base k . ref Allouche & Shallit 2003 p.168 ref Automaton point of view Let q be an integer , and A E , , e be a deterministic automaton where E is the finite Set mathematics set of State computer science state s E 0, q 1 E is the transition function math e in E math is the initial state also let A be a finite set, and E A a Projection mathematics projection towards A . For each n , take m n e , math n math where math n math is n written in base q . Then the sequence m m 1 m 2 m 3 ... is called a q automatic sequence . ref name as1 ... is a q automatic sequence over A . ref Allouche & Shallit 2003 p.175 ref 1 automatic sequences k automatic ... by defining a 1 automatic sequence to be a sequence whose n th term depends on the unary numeral system ... Examples The following sequences are automatic Thue Morse sequence take E A 0, 1 , e 0, id, and ... base 2 representation of n and the sequence is thus 2 automatic. ref name as1 Rudin Shapiro sequence Baum Sweet sequence Regular paperfolding sequence Automatic real number An automatic real number is a real number for which the base b expansion is an automatic sequence. ref name hejhal556 ... Allouche and Jeffrey Shallit Automatic Sequences Cambridge University Press 2003, ISBN 0 521 82332 ... 13 of New Advances in Transcendence Theory , ed. Alan Baker mathematician A. Baker , Cambridge University Press 1988, ISBN 0521335450 DEFAULTSORT Automatic Sequence Category Combinatorics on words ... more details
UML diagram types Image CheckEmail.png thumb 250px right Example of a UML 2 diagram A sequence diagram in a Unified Modeling Language UML is a kind of interaction diagram that shows how processes operate with one another and in what order. It is a construct of a Message Sequence Chart . A sequence diagram shows object interactions arranged in time sequence. It depicts the objects and classes involved in the scenario and the sequence of messages exchanged between the objects needed to carry out the functionality of the scenario. Sequence diagrams typically are associated with use case realizations in the Logical View of the system under development. Sequence diagrams are sometimes called event ... . http georgewbush whitehouse.archives.gov omb egov documents CRM.PDF FEA Consolidated Reference Model Document . May 2005. p.91. ref Overview A sequence diagram shows, as parallel vertical lines ... in circle found message in UML or from a border of the sequence diagram gate in UML . UML 2 has introduced significant improvements to the capabilities of sequence diagrams. Most of these improvements .... External links Commons category Sequence diagrams http www.uml.org Current UML Specification by Object ... Introduction to UML 2 Sequence Diagrams by Scott W. Ambler. http www.tracemodeler.com articles a quick introduction to uml sequence diagrams A Quick Introduction to UML Sequence Diagrams by Yanic Inghelbrecht http www.uml diagrams.org sequence diagrams.html UML 2 Sequence Diagrams http www.websequencediagrams.com A free Sequence Diagram web based tool By WebSequenceDiagrams.com http www.ckwnc.com ckwnc Web based UML Sequence Diagram creation tool References references UML DEFAULTSORT Sequence Diagram Category Unified Modeling Language diagrams id sequence diagram ca Diagrama de seq ncia de Sequenzdiagramm es Diagrama de secuencia fr Diagramme de s quence hi Sequence diagram it Sequence Diagram he lt Sekos diagrama ja pl Diagram interakcji pt Diagrama ... more details
magnitude of a star against its color index represented as B V . The main sequence is visible as a prominent ... Catalogue of Nearby Stars . The main sequence is a continuous and distinctive band of star ... and Henry Norris Russell . Stars on this band are known as main sequence stars or dwarf stars ... s lifetime, it is located along the main sequence at a position determined primarily by its mass, but also based upon its chemical composition and other factors. All main sequence stars are in hydrostatic ..., higher opacity or both. The main sequence is sometimes divided into upper and lower parts, based ... to form helium, a sequence called the proton proton chain . Above this mass, in the upper main sequence ... in the CNO cycle that produces helium from hydrogen atoms. Main sequence stars with more than two ... of the star forming a convective envelope steadily increases, while main sequence stars ... the star the shorter its lifespan on the main sequence. After the hydrogen fuel at the core has been consumed, the star stellar evolution evolves away from the main sequence on the HR diagram. The behavior ... for these stars. These plots showed a prominent and continuous sequence of stars, which he named the Main Sequence. ref name brown At Princeton University , Henry Norris Russell was following a similar ..., once a star s chemical composition and its position on the main sequence is known, so too is the star ... type s of stars followed, in order of decreasing temperature with colors ranging from blue to red, the sequence O, B, A, F, G, K and M. A popular mnemonic for memorizing this sequence of stellar classes ... luminosity. Stars of luminosity class V belonged to the main sequence. ref name tnc Formation Main ... science295 5552 During the initial collapse, this pre main sequence star generates energy through ... a curve on the Hertzsprung Russell diagram or HR diagram called the standard main sequence. Astronomers will sometimes refer to this stage as zero age main sequence , or ZAMS. ref name zams sao The ZAMS ... more details
An M sequence may refer to Regular sequence algebra Regular sequence , which is an important topic in commutative algebra. A maximum length sequence , which is a type of pseudorandom binary sequence. disambig ... more details
Inappropriate tone date August 2008 In mathematics , the Kolakoski sequence named after William Kolakoski ... this sequence are as follows 1 The only numbers allowed are 1 and 2 2 Each number tells us how many numbers to append to the sequence 2a 1 tells us to append one more number 2b 2 tells us to append two more numbers 3 We can have no more than two of the same number in sequence 3a This is because if we write 222 that means that somewhere in the sequence it told us to append 3 twos, but the only numbers ... A sub 0 sub 1 This is an example of a self generating sequence, with the first term as 1. Each individual ... the sequence we have to write one 2 after the 1 because the 1 tells us to write one number, and because ... sequence so far 1 2 . Next, The 2 tells us that the length, or the run, of the next set of numbers must be 2, but we cannot have any more than two ones or two twos in sequence because that would mean that the sequence told us to write three 2 s, which would mean a 3 would have to be in the sequence, which is not allowed. Therefore, we must write 2 1. This gives us our sequence so far 1 2 2 1 . The next ... write is a 1 however, we cannot write three 1 s in a row, so we must append 1 2 to the sequence. This gives us our sequence so far 1 2 2 1 1 2 . The fourth number in the list is a 1. As we wrote a 2 last we write a 1 now. This gives us our sequence so far 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 . The fifth number in the sequence is a 1. As we wrote a 1 before, we must write a 2 now. This gives us our sequence so far 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 . This continues on. Another explanation for the generation of the Kolakoski sequence is indicated ... 5 so far... 1,2,2,1,1,2,1 continue generating forever. To truly understand how the sequence is generated ... 1993 93 84.html Notes on the Kolakoski Sequence , Chv tal proved that the upper density of 1 s is less than 0.50084. Kolakoski s self generating sequence has attracted the interest of Computer ..., Stephen Wolfram describes the Kolakoski sequence in connection with the history of cyclic tag system ... more details
annotations in major sequence databases with a considerable degree of skepticism, unless they can be verified by reference to published papers describing high quality experimental data, or at least by reference to a human curated sequence database. See also Database formats FASTA format Distributed ...see also Protein structure database In the field of bioinformatics , a sequence database is a large collection of computerized digital nucleic acid sequence s, protein sequence s, or other sequences stored on a computer. A database can include sequences from only one organism e.g., a database for all proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , or it can include sequences from all organisms whose DNA has been sequenced. Search issues Sequence databases can be searched using a variety of methods. The most common is probably searching for a sequence similar to a certain target protein or gene whose sequence is already known to the user. The BLAST program is a method of this type. Many inputs create inconsistencies unreferenced section date December 2010 A major problem with all the large genetic sequence databases is that records are deposited in them from a wide range of sources, from individual researchers to large genome sequencing centers. As a result, the sequences themselves, and especially the biological annotations attached to these sequences, vary tremendously in quality. Also there is much redundancy, as multiple labs often submit numerous sequences that are identical, or nearly identical, to others in the databases. Many annotations are based not on laboratory experiments, but on the results of sequence similarity searches for previously annotated sequences. Of course, once a sequence has been annotated based on similarity to others, and itself deposited in the database, it can also become the basis for future annotations. This leads to the transitive annotation problem because there may be several such annotation transfers by sequence similarity between a particular database ... more details
puzzles and problems connection. planetmath reference id 7917 title Primefree sequence mathworld ...In mathematics , a primefree sequence is a sequence of integer s that does not contain any prime number s. More specifically, it usually means a sequence defined by the same recurrence relation as the Fibonacci number s, but with different initial conditions causing all members of the sequence to be composite number s that do not all have a common divisor . To put it algebraically, a sequence of this type ... > 2 there are no primes in the sequence of numbers calculated from the formula a sub ... s sequence Perhaps the best known primefree sequence is the one found by Herbert Wilf , with initial ... term of this sequence is composite relies on the periodicity of Fibonacci like number sequences modulo the members of a finite set of primes. For each prime p , the positions in the sequence ... have overlapping patterns that result in a covering set for the whole sequence. Nontriviality The requirement that the initial terms of a primefree sequence be coprime is necessary for the question to be non ... y p and more generally all subsequent value in the sequence will be multiples of p . In this case, all the numbers in the sequence will be composite, but for a trivial reason. The order of the initial ... who loved only numbers , the Wilf sequence is cited but with the initial terms switched. The resulting sequence appears primefree for the first hundred terms or so, but term 138 is the 45 digit ..., a sub 2 sub 1510028911088401971189590305498785 sequence OEIS A083104 A083104 in On Line Encyclopedia ... sequence OEIS A083105 A083105 in On Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences OEIS Knuth 1990 , and a sub 1 sub 407389224418, a sub 2 sub 76343678551 sequence OEIS A082411 A082411 in On Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences OEIS Nicol 1999 . The sequence of this type with the smallest known initial ... like sequence of composite numbers journal Mathematics Magazine volume 37 year 1964 issue ... more details
America . CambridgeCambridge University Press. Marlett, Stephen A. 1984 . Switch reference and subject ... National University. Stirling, Lesley 1993 . Switch Reference and Discourse Representation . Cambridge, England Cambridge U. Press. Watkins, Laurel 1993 . The Discourse Function of Kiowa Switch Reference ...In linguistics , switch reference SR describes any clause level morpheme that signals whether certain prominent arguments in adjacent clauses reference co refer . In most cases, it marks whether the subject ... clause to the matrix main clause dominating it. Meanings of switch reference The basic distinction made by a switch reference system is whether the following clause has the same subject SS or a different subject DS . This is known as canonical switch reference . For purposes of switch reference, subject is defined as it is for languages with a nominative accusative alignment a subject ... a switch reference system. When the subject of one verb is the same as the subject of the following verb, then the verb takes no switch reference marker. However, if the subject of one verb differs ... also has a switch reference system which is similar in most ways to those of other languages except ... . ref Non subject switch reference The nominative subject is not always marked by SR. For instance ..., yet can bear as well as trigger SR. Non canonical switch reference In addition, many languages exhibit non canonical switch reference , where the co referents of arguments besides the subject are marked ... wrote a letter and Esther wrote one, too. The form of switch reference markers SR markers often ... of switch reference SR is found in hundreds of languages in North and South America, Australia, New ..., Peter. 1981 . Switch Reference in Australia . Language, 57 . Farrell, Patrick Stephen A. Marlett & David M. Perlmutter. 1991 . Notions of subjecthood and switch reference Evidence from Seri. Linguistic Inquiry 22 431 456. Finer, Daniel. 1985 . The syntax of switch reference . Linguistic Inquiry ... more details
In mathematics , recurrent sequence may refer to A sequence satisfying a recurrence relation A sequence such that any subsequence appears infinitely often, such as the Thue Morse sequence or a Sturmian word mathdab ... more details
The mathematical term fundamental sequence can refer to In analysis, Cauchy sequence . In discrete mathematics and computer science, Unary coding . In set theory, a fundamental sequence ordinals fundamental sequence for an ordinal is a sequence of ordinals approaching the limit ordinal from below. disambig ... more details
Sequence was a short lived but influential British film journal founded in 1947 by Lindsay Anderson , Gavin Lambert and Karel Reisz . Anderson had returned to Oxford after his time with the army Intelligence Corps United Kingdom Intelligence Corps in Delhi , Lambert was a schoolfriend of Anderson from Cheltenham College who had dropped out of English at Magdalen College, Oxford Magdalen College on discovering that he would have to study Middle English under C. S. Lewis , while Reiz was a chemistry graduate from Emmanuel College, Cambridge who later said I met Lindsay Anderson on a Green Line Coaches Green Line bus. I was going to the British Film Institute to look at some film for my editing book and he was going to see Ford s The Iron Horse film The Iron Horse . ref name reisz Tom Vallance http findarticles.com p articles mi qn4158 is 20021128 ai n12655212 Obituary Karel Reisz , The Independent , 28 November 2002 ref Founded as the Film Society Magazine , the organ of the Oxford Film Society, in 1947, with Penelope Houston film critic Penelope Houston as its first editor, the journal quickly changed its name to Sequence , and produced fourteen issues between 1947 and 1952, the last few being edited by Reisz and Anderson. ref name reisz The British Free Cinema movement, co founded in 1956 by Lindsay Anderson , Karel Reisz , Tony Richardson and Lorenza Mazzetti , drew on the principles first expressed by the journal. Articles from Sequence by Anderson were published in Lindsay Anderson The Collected Writings edited by Paul Ryan London Plexus, 2004 . References reflist Category Cinema of the United Kingdom Category Film studies journals Category Article Feedback 5 External links wikiquote Screenonline name id 444789 name Free Cinema http www.screenonline.org.uk tours mcdowell tourmcdowell.html Interactive video talk by Malcolm McDowell on Free Cinema, made for BFI Screenonline http issuu.com hardworkmagazine docs Sequence magazine on Issuu art mag stub it Sequence ... more details
a file sequence has a more strong locality of reference, particularly when it is related to their actual ... locality of reference except for the final part excluding the extension , which is a sequence ... their locality of reference , because it is related to the storage medium hosting the whole sequence than to the sequence itself or its metadata . At the same time, it is a high level feature, because ...Unreferenced date February 2009 In computing , as well as in non computing contexts, a file sequence ... way. In computing, file sequences should ideally obey some kind of locality of reference principle, so that not only all the files belonging to the same sequence ought to be locally referenced to each ... or alphanumeric tag in the end excluding file extension . The aforementioned locality of reference ... sharing the same filename and possibly extension , only differing by the sequence number at the end of the filename, automatically belong to the same file sequence, at least when they are located ... zero es in their filenames so that all the files in the sequence share exactly the same number ... systems GUI s, do not erroneously permute them within the sequence. To better explain the latter point, consider that, strictly speaking, code file1.ext code 1st file in the sequence comes alphanumerically ... usually represent a file sequence as a single virtual file object, whose name is comprehensively written in C programming language C like formatted string notation to represent where the sequence number ... file sequence. Notable software packages anckowledging explitic file sequences as single filesystem ... After Effects . File scattering A file sequence located within a mass storage device is said to be contiguous if every file in the sequence is unfragmented, i.e. each file is stored in one contiguous ... files in the sequence occupy contiguous portions of storage space extents , yet consistently with their file ... filesystem structure. At low level , each file in a contiguous sequence must be placed in contiguous ... more details
A reference tone is a pure tone corresponding to a known frequency, and produced at a stable sound pressure level volume , usually by specialized equipment. In media The most common reference tone in audio engineering is a Audio 1000Hz.ogg 1000 Hz tone at 0 Decibel dB . It is meant to be used by audio engineers in order to adjust the playback equipment so that the accompanying Electronic media media is at a comfortable volume for the audience. In video production , this tone is usually accompanied by a test card so the video signal may be calibrated as well. It is sometimes played in sequence between a 100 Hz and 10 kHz tone to ensure an accurate response from the equipment at varying audio frequencies. This is also the bleep censor bleep tone commonly used to Censorship censor obscene or sensitive audio content. In music Many electronic tuner s used by musicians emit a tone of A440 pitch standard 440Hz , corresponding to a pitch music pitch of A above Middle C A4 . More sophisticated tuners offer a choice of other reference pitches to account for differences in Musical tuning tuning . Some specialized tuners offer pitches used commonly on a particular instrument standard guitar tuning, fifth intervals for string instruments, the open tones for various brass instruments . References reflist External links http www.freesound.org packsViewSingle.php?id 2103 Downloadable reference tones, from The Freesound Project http betasptodvd.com postproduction911 category color bars tone leaders audio reference tone Post Production 911 Archive for Audio Reference Tone Category Audio engineering Category Music production Sound tech stub ... more details
reference id 1354 title Exact sequence MathWorld title Exact Sequence urlname ExactSequence MathWorld ...An exact sequence is a concept in mathematics , especially in Ring mathematics ring and module mathematics ... sequence is a sequence , either finite or infinite, of objects and morphism s between them such that the Image ... of the next. Definition In the context of group theory , a sequence math G 0 xrightarrow f 1 G ... 1 . math Note that the sequence of groups and homomorphisms may be either finite or infinite. A similar ... sequence of vector space s and linear map s, or of module mathematics modules and module homomorphism s. More generally, the notion of an exact sequence makes sense in any category mathematics category with kernel category theory kernel s and cokernel s. Short exact sequence math A xrightarrow f B twoheadrightarrow C math The most common type of exact sequence is the short exact sequence . This is an exact sequence of the form math A overset f hookrightarrow B overset g twoheadrightarrow C ... f . A short exact sequence of abelian groups may also be written as an exact sequence with five terms ... instead of 0 . So in that case a short exact sequence would be written as follows math 1 xrightarrow A xrightarrow f B xrightarrow g C xrightarrow 1 math Example Consider the following sequence of abelian ... sequence because the image 2 Z of the monomorphism is the kernel of the epimorphism. This sequence ... Z 2 Z is given by reducing integers modular arithmetic modulo 2. This is indeed an exact sequence the image of the map 0 Z is 0 , and the kernel of multiplication by 2 is also 0 , so the sequence ... 2 is also 2 Z , so the sequence is exact at the second Z . the image of reducing modulo 2 is all of Z 2 Z , and the kernel of the zero map is also all of Z 2 Z , so the sequence is exact at the position ..., it is helpful to consider what it means in relatively simple cases where the sequence is finite and begins or ends with 0. The sequence 0 A B is exact at A if and only if the map from A to B has ... more details
A sequence point in imperative programming defines any point in a computer program s execution computers execution at which it is guaranteed that all side effect computer science side effect s of previous evaluations will have been performed, and no side effects from subsequent evaluations have yet been performed. They are often mentioned in reference to C programming language C and C , because the result of some expressions can depend on the order of evaluation of their subexpressions. Adding one or more sequence points is one method of ensuring a consistent result, because this restricts the possible ... and code g code . In C and C , the code code operator is not associated with a sequence point, and therefore ... or code g code will be executed first. The comma operator introduces a sequence point, and therefore ... g code is called. Sequence points also come into play when the same variable is modified more .... ref Clause 6.5 2 of the C99 specification Between the previous and next sequence point an object ..., the prior value shall be accessed only to determine the value to be stored. ref Sequence points in C and C In C ref Annex C of the C99 specification lists the circumstances under which a sequence point may be assumed. ref and C , ref The 1998 C standard lists sequence points for that language in section 1.9, paragraphs 16&ndash 18. ref sequence points occur in the following places. In C , Operator ... introduce sequence points in the same way as function calls. Between evaluation of the left and right ..., in the expression code a p ? p 0 code there is a sequence point after the first code p code , meaning ... are evaluated is not specified, but this sequence point means that all of their side effects .... At a function return, after the return value is copied into the calling context. This sequence point ... in each declarator sequence for example, between the two evaluations of code a code in code ... faq.com expr seqpoints.html Question 3.8 of the FAQ for comp.lang.c DEFAULTSORT Sequence Point Category ... more details
Leader sequence may refer to Leader sequence mRNA , a sequence of mRNA Leading strand , in DNA replication disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
In mathematics, a Sturmian sequence may refer to A Sturmian word a sequence with minimal complexity function A sequence used to determine the number of distinct real roots of a polynomial by Sturm s theorem mathdab ... more details
In mathematics , a Sheffer sequence or poweroid is a polynomial sequence , i.e., a sequence p sub n sub x n 0, 1, 2, 3, ... of polynomial s in which the index of each polynomial equals its degree, satisfying ... . Definition Fix a polynomial sequence p sub n sub . Define a linear operator Q on polynomials in x by math Qp n x np n 1 x , . math This determines Q on all polynomials. The polynomial sequence p sub n sub is a Sheffer sequence if the linear operator Q just defined is shift equivariant . Here ... math p circ q math is the polynomial sequence whose n th term is math p n circ q x sum k 0 ... , since this is the n term of that sequence, but not in q , since this refers to the sequence as a whole ... math e n x x n sum k 0 n delta n,k x k. math Two important subgroups are the group of Appell sequence ... k p k x p n k y . math A Sheffer sequence p sub n sub x n 0, 1, 2, ... is of binomial type if and only ... type. It follows that each coset of the group of Appell sequences contains exactly one sequence ... above &ndash called the delta operator of that sequence &ndash is the same linear operator in both ... degree by one. The term is due to F. Hildebrandt. If s sub n sub x is a Sheffer sequence and p sub n sub x is the one sequence of binomial type that shares the same delta operator, then math s n x y sum k 0 n n choose k p k x s n k y . math Sometimes the term Sheffer sequence is defined to mean a sequence that bears this relation to some sequence of binomial type. In particular, if s sub n sub x is an Appell sequence, then math s n x y sum k 0 n n choose k x ks n k y . math The sequence of Hermite polynomials , the sequence of Bernoulli polynomials , and the monomial s x sup n sup n 0, 1, 2, ... are examples of Appell sequences. A Sheffer sequence p sub n sub is characterised by its ... in the next reference. cite book author G. C. Rota title Finite operator calculus coauthors P. Doubilet ... Sheffer Sequence at MathWorld Category Polynomials Category Factorial and binomial ... more details
wiktionary sequence A sequence is a logically ordered set of elements. Sequence may also refer to Sequence poetry , a medieval Latin poem or its musical setting which became part of the Mass Sequence music , a passage which is successively repeated at different pitches Sequence 1980 short film , 16 minute film directed by David Winning Sequence filming , a series of shots or scenes, edited together in succession Sequence journal Sequence journal , a film journal Sequence game Sequence game , a board and card game distributed by Jax Ltd., Inc. Sequence geology , a succession of geological events Sequence biology , the primary structure of a biopolymer Primary sequence , the sequence of a biological macromolecule Sequencing , determining the primary structure of an unbranched biopolymer DNA sequencing , determining the order of the nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule Sequence medicine S quences , a Quebec film magazine The Sequence , a 1980s all female hip hop funk trio Archaeological sequenceSequence diagram Sequence Diagram , a kind of UML diagram See also Sequencer disambiguation disambig an Seq encia bs Niz vor de Sequenz es Secuencia fr S quence pt Sequ ncia ru uk ... more details
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