other uses File Carbonate 3D balls.png thumb right 200px Ball and stick model of the carbonate ion, CO su b 3 p 2 In chemistry, a carbonate is a salt chemistry salt of carbonic acid , characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion , chem CO 3 2 . The name may also mean an ester of carbonic acid, an organic compound containing the carbonate functional group group C O O&ndash sub 2 sub . The term is also used as a verb, to describe carbonation the process of raising the concentrations of carbonate ... by the addition of carbon dioxide gas under pressure, or by dissolving carbonate or bicarbonate salts into the water. In geology and mineralogy , the term carbonate can refer both to carbonate minerals and carbonate rock which is made of chiefly carbonate minerals , and both are dominated by the carbonate ion, CO su b 3 p 2 . Carbonate minerals are extremely varied and ubiquitous in chemically precipitated sedimentary rock . The most common are calcite or calcium carbonate , CaCO sub 3 sub , the chief ... dolomite , a calcium magnesium carbonate CaMg CO sub 3 sub sub 2 sub and siderite , or iron II carbonate, FeCO sub 3 sub , an important iron ore . Sodium carbonate soda or natron and potassium carbonate ... and bonding The carbonate ion is the simplest oxocarbon anion . It consists of one carbon atom ... carbonate bicarbonate ion, HCO sub 3 sub sup sup , which is the conjugate base of H sub 2 sub CO sub 3 sub , carbonic acid. The Lewis structure of the carbonate ion has two long single bonds to negative oxygen atoms, and one short double bond to a neutral oxygen File Carbonate ion localised 2D.png 100px Simple, localised Lewis structure of the carbonate ion This structure is incompatible with the observed ... be achieved by a resonance chemistry resonance between three structures File Carbonate ion resonance 2D.png 400px Resonance structures of the carbonate ion This resonance can be summarized by a model with fractional bonds and delocalization delocalized charges File Carbonate ion delocalised partial ... more details
Butylene carbonate usually refers to 1,2 Butylene carbonate , but it may also refer to cis 2,3 Butylene carbonate trans 2,3 Butylene carbonate See also Propylene carbonate Ethylene carbonate , or dioxolan 2 one disambig ... more details
Wiktionary carbonateCarbonate may refer to Places Carbonate, Lombardy , a comune in the Province of Como Other uses Carbonate , a carbon compound Carbonate minerals , a class of minerals containing the carbonate anion Carbonate rocks See also Carbonation disambig de Carbonate Begriffskl rung fr Carbonate homonymie ja sk Karbon t ... more details
Carbonate Mountain may refer to Carbonate Mountain Colorado in Colorado, USA Carbonate Mountain Idaho in Idaho, USA Carbonate Mountain Montana in Montana, USA geodis ... more details
Image Carbonate ester.png thumb Chemical structure of the carbonate ester group. A carbonate ester organic carbonate, organocarbonate is a functional group in organic chemistry consisting of a carbonyl group flanked by two alkoxy groups. The general structure of these carbonates is R sub 1 sub O C O OR sub 2 sub and they are related to ester s R sub 1 sub O C O R and ether s R sub 1 sub OR sub 2 sub and also to the inorganic chemistry inorganic carbonate s. Carbonate esters are used as protecting group for diol s. A classic reagent is phosgene but more user friendly reagents exist such as carbonyl diimidazole . Ethylene carbonate and Propylene carbonate are used as solvent s. Dimethyl carbonate is used as a methylation methylating reagent. In many applications a carbonate group replaces an ester group for example in Cholesteryl oleyl carbonate . Polycarbonate s are an important class of polymers. The chemistry of carbonate esters has been reviewed. ref name Shaikh1996 cite journal last Shaikh first Abbas Alli G. coauthors Swaminathan Sivaram year 1996 title Organic Carbonates journal Chemical Reviews publisher American Chemical Society volume 96 issue 3 pages 951 976 doi 10.1021 cr950067i ... of carbonate ester in the laboratory are from the corresponding diols. by double oxidation of ketone ... carbonate with melting point 55 C and boiling point 240 C. Other advantages are low ecotoxicity ... by using carbonate mixtures for example mixtures of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and dimethoxy ethane. Gallery gallery caption Carbonate esters perrow 5 File Propylene carbonate.png Propylene carbonate File 1,2 Butylene carbonate.png 1,2 Butylene carbonate File Cis 2,3 Butylene carbonate.png Cis 2,3 Butylene carbonate File Trans 2,3 Butylene carbonate.png trans 2,3 Butylene carbonate File Ethyl carbonate.svg Diethyl carbonate gallery References reflist DEFAULTSORT Carbonate Ester Category Carbonate esters Category Functional groups Category Oxygen compounds de Kohlens ureester ... more details
Polypropylene carbonate PPC , also called poly propylene carbonate , is a polyalkylene carbonate plastic material, a copolymer of carbon dioxide and propylene oxide . It is made by reacting the monomers in presence of eg. a zinc glutarate catalyst . Its CAS number is CASREF CAS 50862 75 4 or CASREF CAS 25511 85 7 . Polypropylene carbonate is soluble in chemical polarity polar solvent s, eg. acetone , methyl ethyl ketone , ethyl acetate , dichloromethane and chlorinated hydrocarbon s. It is insoluble in ethyl alcohol , ethylene glycol s, water, and aliphatic hydrocarbon s. Stable emulsion s in water are available commercially. Polypropylene carbonate is used eg. as a binder material binder , and to increase the toughness of some epoxy resin s. It is unsuitable as an oxygen barrier, and therefore is used in applications where diffusion of oxygen through the plastic is desired. In ceramics industry, polypropylene carbonate and polyethylene carbonate are used as sacrificial binder material binder s, especially alumina and silicon carbide the polymers evaporate during sintering as they decompose completely above 300 ° C. Together with plasticizer s they account for the most of the volumes of the ceramic additives a typical amount of binder in the ceramic is 2 3 weight . Due to their low content of sodium they are suitable for preparation of dielectric materials , piezoelectric ceramics, and other special electroceramic s. Polyethylene carbonate or PEC, is commercially available under the trade name QPAC 25. Polypropylene carbonate binders are amorphous , with glass transition temperature of 40 ° C. Polyethylene carbonate has glass transition temperature of 25 ° C. Monomeric propylene carbonate is used as an organic solvent . It can be used as a plasticizer , to lower the glass transition temperature of polypropylene carbonate and polyethylene carbonate. It is also a byproduct of manufacture of PPC. Composites of polypropylene carbonate with starch PPC starch can ... more details
Merge Carbonate hardness date March 2011 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Carbonate alkalinity is a measure of the amount of carbonate and bicarbonate anion s in solution . Carbonate and bicarbonate anions contribute to alkalinity due to their basic chemistry basic nature, hence their ability to neutralize acid . Mathematically, the carbonate anion concentration is counted twice due to its ability to neutralize two proton s, while bicarbonate is counted once as it can neutralize one proton. Carbonate alkalinity is often the major component of a natural solution s total alkalinity . It is an important factor in understanding large scale environmental interactions based on simple pH and carbon dioxide measurements. math text CT mEq L text HCO 3 2 text CO 3 2 math Alkalinity is commonly expressed as mg L CaCO sub 3 sub because CaCO sub 3 sub has an equivalent weight of 50. For water with a pH below 8.5, the carbonate CO sub 3 sub sup 2 sup will be less than 1 of the bicarbonate HCO sub 3 sub sup sup . See also Col begin Carbonate hardness Col end DEFAULTSORT Carbonate Alkalinity Category Acid base chemistry Chemistry stub ... more details
convert 465 C F ExternalMSDS https fscimage.fishersci.com msds 09022.htm External MSDS Ethylene carbonate is an ester of ethylene glycol and carbonic acid . At room temperature 25 C ethylene carbonate ... performance products Media JEFFSOL C2 AE ETHYLENE CARBONATE.pdf JEFFSOL ETHYLENE CARBONATE catalog entry at www.huntsman.com. Accessed on 2010 02 18. ref File Ethylene carbonate syn.png 400 px Ethylene carbonate synthesis Ethylene carbonate is used as a chemical polarity polar solvent with a molecular ... , The Dielectric Constants of Ethylene Carbonate and of Solutions of Ethylene Carbonate in Water, Methanol, Benzene and Propylene Carbonate . J. Phys. Chem. volume 62 issue 1, pages 127 128. doi 10.1021 ... and relaxation in ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate J. Phys. Chem., volume 76 issue 20, pages 2892 2900. doi 10.1021 j100664a019 ref only 0.1 D lower than that of propylene carbonate . It can ... carbonate is also used as plasticizer , and as a precursor to vinylene carbonate , which is used in polymers and in organic synthesis . See also Ethylene Propylene carbonate External links http webbook.nist.gov cgi cbook.cgi?ID C96491 WebBook page for ethylene carbonate References references DEFAULTSORT Ethylene Carbonate Category Ester solvents Category Plasticizers Category Carbonate esters de Ethylencarbonat es Carbonato de etileno fa fr Carbonate d thyl ne nl Ethyleencarbonaat ... more details
Merge Carbonate alkalinity date November 2011 Carbonate hardness , or carbonate alkalinity is a measure of the alkalinity of water caused by the presence of carbonate CO sub 3 sub sup 2 sup and bicarbonate HCO sub 3 sub sup sup anions . It is usually expressed either as parts per million Parts per million ppm or Gram per litre mg L , or in degrees KH from the German Karbonathä rte . One German degree of carbonate hardness dKH corresponds to the carbonate and bicarbonate ions found in a solution of approximately 17.848 milligrams of calcium carbonate CaCO sub 3 sub per litre of water 17.848 ppm . Both measurements mg L or KH are usually expressed as CaCO sub 3 sub &ndash meaning the concentration of carbonate expressed as if calcium carbonate were the sole source of carbonate ions. Bicarbonate ions only contribute half as much carbonate hardness as carbonate ions, so bicarbonates that are present in the water are converted to an equivalent concentration of carbonates when determining KH. For example An aqueous solution containing 120 mg Sodium Bicarbonate NaHCO sub 3 sub baking soda per litre of water will contain 1.4285 mmol L of bicarbonate, since the molar mass of baking soda is 84.007 g mol. This is equivalent in carbonate hardness to a solution containing 0.71423 mmol L of calcium carbonate, or 71.485 mg L of calcium carbonate molar mass 100.09 g mol . Since one degree KH 17.848 mg L CaCO sub 3 sub , this solution has a KH of 4.0052 degrees. The term carbonate hardness is also sometimes used as a synonym for Hard water Temporary hardness temporary hardness , in which case it refers to that portion of hard water that can be water softening removed by processes such as boiling or lime softening , and then separation of water from the resulting precipitate. ref cite web title Lime Softening url http water.me.vccs.edu concepts softeninglime.html accessdate 4 November 2011 ref See also Portal Water dGH Hard water References Reflist External links ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 399180303 ImageFile 1,2 Butylene carbonate.png ImageSize 120px IUPACName 4 Ethyl 1,3 dioxolan 2 one OtherNames 1,2 Butanediol carbonate 4 Ethyl 1,3 dioxolan 2 one 2 Oxo 4 ethyl 1,3 dioxolane Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 96547 InChI 1 C5H8O3 c1 2 4 3 7 5 6 8 4 h4H,2 3H2,1H3 InChIKey ZZXUZKXVROWEIF UHFFFAOYAB SMILES1 O C1OCC O1 CC StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C5H8O3 c1 2 4 3 7 5 6 8 4 h4H,2 3H2,1H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey ZZXUZKXVROWEIF UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo 4437 85 8 PubChem 107282 SMILES CCC1COC O O1 Section2 Chembox Properties C 5 H 8 O 3 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition 1,2 Butylene carbonate is an organic compound with formula chem C 5 H 8 O 3 , or H sub 5 sub C sub 2 sub C sub 2 sub H sub 3 sub CO sub 3 sub . It is a double ester with the carbonate functional group covalent bond bonded to both free ends of the 1,2 butylene group. It is also an heterocyclic compound with a five membered ring, and can be seen as a derivative of dioxolane , specifically 4 ethyl 1,3 dioxolan 2 one . 1,2 Butylene carbonate is a Chemical polarity polar aprotic solvent, which has been considered for electric battery applications as a cheaper alternative to ionic liquid s and many other uses. ref name kume Jacek Kume an, Dirk Tuma, Sergey P. Verevkin and Gerd Maurer 2008 , Solubility of Hydrogen in the Cyclic Alkylene Ester 1,2 Butylene Carbonate . J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2008, 53 12 , pp 2844 2850. doi 10.1021 je800583r . ref See also Propylene carbonate trans 1,3 Butylene carbonate trans 1,3 Butylene carbonate References reflist DEFAULTSORT Butylene carbonate, 1,2 Category Solvents Category Carbonate esters fa nl 1,2 butyleencarbonaat ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image OoidSurface01.jpg thumb right 250px Carbonate ooid s on the surface of a limestone Carmel Formation Middle Jurassic of southern Utah, USA. Largest is 1.0 mm in diameter. Carbonate rocks are a class of sedimentary rock s composed primarily of carbonate mineral s. The two major types are limestone , which is composed of calcite or aragonite different crystal forms of CaCO sub 3 sub and dolostone , which is composed of the mineral dolomite CaMg CO sub 3 sub sub 2 sub . Calcite can be either solvation dissolved by groundwater or precipitate d by groundwater, depending on several factors including the water temperature, acidity pH , and dissolved ion concentrations. Calcite exhibits an unusual characteristic called retrograde solubility in which it becomes less soluble in water as the temperature increases. When conditions are right for precipitation, calcite forms mineral coatings that cement the existing rock grains together or it can fill fractures. Karst topography and cave s develop in carbonate rocks due to their solubility in dilute acid ic groundwater . Cooling groundwater or mixing of different groundwaters will also create conditions suitable for cave formation. Marble is the metamorphic rock metamorphic carbonate rock. Rare igneous carbonate rocks exist as intrusive carbonatite s and even rarer volcanic carbonate lava . See also Limestone Dolomite Sinkhole DEFAULTSORT Carbonate Rock Category Sedimentary rocks Category Carbonate minerals Petrology stub ca Roca carbonatada et Karbonaatkivim it Roccia carbonatica lt Karbonatin s uolienos hu Karbon tos k zetek pl Ska a w glanowa pt Rocha carbon tica zh ... more details
distinguish dimethyl carbate chembox verifiedrevid 464362533 Name Dimethyl carbonate ImageFile Dimethyl carbonate Structural Formulae.svg ImageSize 180px ImageName Dimethyl carbonate ImageFile1 Dimethyl carbonate cis cis HF 3D balls.png ImageSize1 150px ImageName1 Ball and stick model of dimethyl carbonate IUPACName Dimethyl carbonate OtherNames DMC br Methyl carbonate br Carbonic acid, dimethyl ester ... 4 BoilingPtC 90 Viscosity Section7 Chembox Hazards ExternalMSDS MainHazards Flammable Dimethyl carbonate ..., flammable liquid. It is classified as a carbonate ester . This compound has found use ... organic compound VOC in the US. Dimethyl carbonate is often considered to be a green chemistry ... and Carbonates year 2001 last1 Kreutzberger first1 Charles B. ref Production Dimethyl carbonate can ... of propylene carbonate and methanol , which also affords propylene glycol . A second large ... to form dimethyl carbonate. ref name Tundo World production in 1997 was estimated at 1000 barrels a day. ref name pachecho Production of dimethyl carbonate worldwide is limited to Asia and Europe. Reactions and potential applications Methylating agent Dimethyl carbonate methylates aniline s, phenols ... with Dimethyl Carbonate journal J. Org. Chem. volume 67 issue 7 pages 2188 2191 year 2002 doi 10.1021 ... with Dimethyl Carbonate year 2001 last1 Shieh first1 Wen Chung last2 Dell first2 Steven ... acid by dimethyl carbonate promoted by DBU Dimethyl carbonate s main benefit over other ... biodegradability. ref name Tundo cite journal title The Chemistry of Dimethyl Carbonate author Pietro ... about the EPA s action on exempting dimethyl carbonate as a VOC and petitioner s background information ..., 2009 pdf for the rule. ref Due to its classification as a green solvent , dimethyl carbonate has grown ... journal Energy Fuels title Review of Dimethyl Carbonate DMC Manufacture and Its Characteristics .... volume 11 pages 2 29 ref References references Category Methylating agents Category Carbonate esters ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 401044846 ImageFile ImageSize IUPACName Rubidium carbonate OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 10950 InChI 1 CH2O3.2Rb c2 1 3 4 h H2,2,3,4 q 2 1 p 2 InChIKey WPFGFHJALYCVMO NUQVWONBAM SMILES Rb . Rb . O C O O StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S CH2O3.2Rb c2 1 3 4 h H2,2,3,4 q 2 1 p 2 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey WPFGFHJALYCVMO UHFFFAOYSA L CASNo 584 09 8 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS PubChem 11431 RTECS FG0650000 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula Rb sub 2 sub CO sub 3 sub MolarMass 230.945 g mol Appearance White powder, br very hygroscopic Density MeltingPt 837 C ref Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals . McGraw Hill, 2002, ISBN 0070494398 ref BoilingPt 900 C decomp Solubility Very soluble Section7 Chembox Hazards ExternalMSDS EUIndex Not listed MainHazards Irritant FlashPt Non flammable Section8 Chembox Related OtherCations Lithium carbonate br Sodium carbonate br Potassium carbonate br Caesium carbonate Rubidium carbonate , Rb sub 2 sub CO sub 3 sub , is a convenient compound of rubidium it is stable, not particularly reactive, and readily soluble in water, and is the form in which rubidium is usually sold. Preparation It can be prepared by adding ammonium carbonate to rubidium hydroxide . ref http www.1911encyclopedia.org Rubidium 1911encyclopedia.com ref Uses It is used in some kinds of glass making by enhancing stability and durability as well as reducing its conductivity. It is also used as a part of a catalyst for preparing short chain alcohols from feed gas. ref http patents1.ic.gc.ca claims?patent number 1258668&language X Canada Patents ref References references Rubidium compounds DEFAULTSORT Rubidium Carbonate Category Carbonates Category Rubidium compounds inorganic compound stub cs Uhli itan rubidn de Rubidiumcarbonat fa ja nl Rubidiumcarbonaat zh ... more details
chembox Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 443040029 ImageFile Ethyl carbonate.svg ImageSize 250px IUPACName OtherNames carbonic ether ethyl carbonate Eufin ref cite web url http chemicalland21.com industrialchem solalc DIETHYL 20CARBONATE.htm title DIETHYL CARBONATE accessdate 2010 02 01 last first ref Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 7478 InChI 1 C5H10O3 c1 3 7 5 6 8 4 2 h3 4H2,1 2H3 InChIKey OIFBSDVPJOWBCH UHFFFAOYAX StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C5H10O3 c1 3 7 5 6 8 4 2 h3 4H2,1 2H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey OIFBSDVPJOWBCH UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 105 58 8 PubChem SMILES O C OCC OCC Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 5 sub H sub 10 sub O sub 3 sub MolarMass 118.13 g mol Appearance Clear liquid Density 0.975 g cm sup 3 sup MeltingPt 43 C BoilingPt 126 128 C Solubility Insoluble Section3 Chembox Hazards EUClass Flammable F RPhrases R11 SPhrases S9 S16 S29 S33 FlashPt 33 C Autoignition ExternalMSDS Diethyl carbonate is a carbonate ester of carbonic acid and ethanol . At room temperature 25 C diethyl carbonate is a clear liquid with a low flash point. Diethyl carbonate is used as a solvent such as in erythromycin I.M injections. It can be used as a component of electrolyte s in lithium battery lithium batteries . See also Ethylene carbonate External links References references Category Ester solvents Category Ethyl esters Category Carbonate esters Ester stub de Kohlens urediethylester fa nl Diethylcarbonaat ja sr Dietil karbonat ... more details
Infobox Italian comune name Carbonate official name Comune di Carbonate native name image skyline imagesize image alt image caption image shield Carbonate Stemma.svg shield alt image map map alt map caption pushpin label position pushpin map alt latd 45 latm 40 lats latNS N longd 8 longm 56 longs longEW E coordinates type type city 2,757 region IT coordinates display title coordinates footnotes region Lombardy province Province of Como CO frazioni Cascina Cipollina, Cascina Abbondanza, Moneta, La Pinetina mayor party mayor area footnotes area total km2 5.2 population footnotes population total 2757 population as of Dec. 2004 pop density footnotes population demonym Carbonatesi elevation footnotes elevation m 267 twin1 twin1 country saint day postal code 22070 area code 0331 website official http www.comune.carbonate.co.it footnotes Carbonate is a comune municipality in the Province of Como in the Italy Italian region Lombardy , located about 30 km northwest of Milan and about 20 km southwest of Como . As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,757 and an area of 5.2 km . ref name istat All demographics and other statistics Italian statistical institute Istat . ref The municipality of Carbonate contains the frazione frazioni subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets Cascina Cipollina, Cascina Abbondanza, Moneta, and La Pinetina. Carbonate borders the following municipalities Appiano Gentile , Gorla Maggiore , Locate Varesino , Lurago Marinone , Mozzate , Tradate . Demographic evolution timeline Colors id lightgrey value gray 0.9 id darkgrey value gray 0.8 ... Carbonate Co Category Cities and towns in Lombardy Como geo stub de Carbonate Lombardei es Carbonate eo Carbonate fr Carbonate Italie it Carbonate lmo Carbonaa nl Carbonate ja nap Carbonate pms Carbonate pl Carbonate pt Carbonate ru tl Carbonate, Lombardy uk vi Carbonate, Como vo Carbonate war Carbonate, Como ... more details
Cap carbonates are layers of distinctively textured carbonate rock geology rock s which typically form the uppermost layer of sedimentary sequences reflecting major glaciations in the geological record. The rising temperatures, and increased oceanic surface area due to reduced ice cover and rising sea levels at the end of a glaciation increase the rate of precipitation meteorology precipitation . High concentrations of greenhouse gas ses such as carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub must build up in the atmosphere to overcome the effect of the high reflectivity albedo of ice and allow temperatures to rise sufficiently to begin melting. Increased precipitation dissolves carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, falling as a weak carbonic acid acid rain . This would weather exposed silicate and carbonate rock, including readily attacked glacial debris, which would releasing large amounts of calcium. When washed into the ocean, these precipitation chemistry precipitate to form distinctively textured layers of carbonate sedimentary rock . A heavily debated cap carbonate appears at the top of the Gaskiers Glaciation, believed by many to be Snowball Earth global in extent . geology stub You may find http www.snowballearth.org capcarbs.html this link helpful Category Geology Category Glaciers nl Cap carbonate ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 441026333 ImageFile Uhli itan olovnat .PNG ImageSize ImageName Lead carbonate IUPACName Lead carbonate OtherNames Cerussite Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 598 63 0 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS PubChem 11727 RTECS OF9275000 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula PbCO sub 3 sub MolarMass 267.21 g mol Appearance White powder Density 6.582 g cm sup 3 sup MeltingPt 315 C decomp. Solubility 0.00011 g 100 mL 20 C SolubilityProduct 1.46 x 10 sup 13 sup SolubleOther insoluble in alcohol , ammonia br soluble in acid , alkali RefractIndex 1.804 ref Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals . McGraw Hill, 2002, ISBN 0070494398 ref Section7 Chembox Hazards ExternalMSDS http ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk MSDS LE lead carbonate.html External MSDS EUIndex 082 001 00 6 EUClass Repr. Cat. 1 3 br Toxic T br Harmful Xn br Dangerous for the environment N RPhrases R61 , R20 22 , R33 , R62 , R50 53 SPhrases S53 , S45 , S60 , S61 FlashPt Non flammable Lead carbonate is the chemical compound PbCO sub 3 sub . It is prepared industrially from lead II acetate and carbon dioxide . It occurs naturally as the mineral cerussite . ref Inorganic Chemistry , Egon Wiberg, Arnold Frederick Holleman Elsevier 2001 ISBN 0123526515 ref Basic lead carbonates There are a number of basic lead carbonates and related compounds, including White lead , a basic lead carbonate, 2PbCO sub 3 sub Pb OH sub 2 sub Shannonite , PbCO sub 3 sub PbO 3PbCO sub 3 sub Pb OH sub 2 sub PbO ref S.V. Krivovichev and P.C. ... 4 sub Pb OH sub 2 sub Manufacturing Lead carbonate is manufactured by passing carbon dioxide into a cold ... the carbonate with ammonium carbonate at a low temperature to avoid formation of basic lead carbonate ... International Chemical Safety Card 0999 Lead compounds DEFAULTSORT Lead Carbonate Category Lead compounds Category Carbonates ar de Blei II carbonat fa fr Carbonate ... II simple Lead carbonate fi Lyijykarbonaatti zh ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 446958207 Name Ammonium carbonate ImageFile ammonium carbonate.png ImageFile1 Ammonium carbonate 3D balls.png ImageSize1 220 ImageName1 Ball and stick model of two ammonium cations and one carbonate anion ImageFile2 Uhli itan amonn .JPG ImageSize2 244 IUPACName Ammonium carbonate Section1 Chembox Identifiers UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII PDP691CN28 InChI 1 CH2O3.2H3N c2 1 3 4 h H2,2,3,4 2 1H3 SMILES O C O O.N.N InChIKey PRKQVKDSMLBJBJ UHFFFAOYAQ StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S CH2O3.2H3N c2 1 3 4 h H2,2,3,4 2 1H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey PRKQVKDSMLBJBJ UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo 506 87 6 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS ... Ammonium bicarbonate OtherCations Sodium carbonate br Potassium carbonate Ammonium carbonate formerly ... . Production Ammonium carbonate was historically obtained by the dry distillation of nitrogenous ... fibrous mass with a strong ammonium odor composed of a mixture of ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate . Ammonium carbonate is soluble in alcohol, while the ammonium bicarbonate bicarbonate ... the ammonium carbonate. The polycarbonate&rarr carbonate and polycarbonate&rarr bicarbonate reactions ... it into ammonium carbonate. Exposure of the polycarbonate to moist air does the reverse it displaces ... as in smelling salts, ammonium carbonate is still used as a leavening agent in particular recipes ... loftk kur air biscuits for instance cannot be made with anything other than ammonium carbonate. Citation ... of some ammoniacal salt, usually the sub carbonate , which becomes wholly converted into a gaseous ... Canada today uses ammonium carbonate as an active ingredient intended to help relieve symptoms of bronchitis. It is also used as an emetic . Ammonium carbonate is also found in smokeless tobacco products ... amonn de Ammoniumcarbonat fa fr Carbonate d ammonium is Hjartarsalt it Carbonato ... pt Carbonato de am nio ru simple Ammonium carbonate fi Ammoniumkarbonaatti sv Ammoniumkarbonat ... more details
NFPA F 1 NFPA R 1 FlashPt 132 C Autoignition 455 C RPhrases R36 SPhrases S26 S36 Propylene carbonate often abbreviated PC is an organic compound with the formula C sub 4 sub H sub 6 sub O sub 3 sub . It is a carbonate ... WebBook page for propylene carbonate ref This colorless and odorless liquid is useful as a chemical polarity polar , aprotic solvent . Propylene carbonate is chiral but is used exclusively as the racemic ... VCH, Wienheim. DOI 10.1002 14356007.a24 437 ref Preparation Propylene carbonate is a byproduct of the synthesis of polypropylene carbonate from propylene oxide and carbon dioxide . It can be manufactured ..., urea and propylene glycol over zinc iron double oxide catalyst . Applications Propylene carbonate ... s by electrolysis of their chloride s and other salts dissolved in propylene carbonate. ref name jorn J. Jorn and C. W. Tobias 1975 , Electrodeposition of the alkali metals from propylene carbonate . Journal ... Doron Aurbach 1999 , Nonaqueous Electrochemistry , Marcel Dekker, Inc. ref Propylene carbonate can also ..., propylene carbonate has no adverse health effects at concentrations used in cosmetic products. Typically the concentration of propylene carbonate range up to 5 , and tests were conducted with concentrations ... carbonate References reflist Category Ester solvents Category Plasticizers Category Carbonate esters ... more details
citations missing date May 2008 A carbonate platform is a Sedimentary rock sedimentary body which possesses ... reef reef or by organisms usually microbes which induce carbonate precipitation through their metabolism . Therefore, carbonate platforms can not grow up everywhere they are not present in places where ... light , water temperature , Transparency optics transparency and pH Value. For example, carbonate ... examples of present day carbonate platforms are the Bahama Banks under which the platform ... atoll s. http www.tamug.edu cavebiology Bahamas BahamaIntro.html All these carbonate platforms ... were important reef builders. Carbonate sedimentation The mineral ogic composition of carbonate platforms may be either calcite calcitic or aragonite aragonitic . Seawater is oversaturated in carbonate, so under certain conditions CaCO sub 3 sub precipitation is possible. Carbonate precipitation is Thermodynamics thermodynamically favoured at high temperature and low pressure . Three types of carbonate precipitation are possible biotically controlled , biotically induced and abiotic . Carbonate precipitation is biotically controlled when organisms such as corals are present that exploit carbonate ..., thus carbonate is not directly produced by organisms, but precipitates because of their metabolism ... a classification was created, consisting of three types of carbonate factories. A carbonate factory ... organisms and the precipitation processes that lead to the formation of a carbonate platform ... are known only from the fossil record , especially Paleozoic and Mesozoic . Geometry of carbonate platforms Several factors influence the geometry of a carbonate platform, including inherited topography ... factor is perhaps the type of carbonate factory. Thus, cool water factories tend to generate Carbonate ..., is that of modern tropical factories. Tropical carbonate platforms can be subdivided into three principal sedimentary environments reef, internal lagoon and slope. Reef The reef is that part of a carbonate ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 442347136 ImageFile SrCO3.jpg ImageSize IUPACName Strontium carbonate OtherNames Strontianite Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 14666 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII 41YPU4MMCA InChI 1 CH2O3.Sr c2 1 3 4 h H2,2,3,4 q 2 p 2 InChIKey LEDMRZGFZIAGGB NUQVWONBAS SMILES Sr 2 . O C O O StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S CH2O3.Sr c2 1 3 4 h H2,2,3,4 q 2 p 2 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey LEDMRZGFZIAGGB UHFFFAOYSA L CASNo 1633 05 2 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS PubChem 15407 RTECS WK8305000 EINECS 216 643 7 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula SrCO sub 3 sub MolarMass 147.63 ... carbonate br Calcium carbonate br Barium carbonate OtherCpds Strontium carbonate Sr CO sub 3 sub is the carbonate salt of strontium that has the appearance of a white or grey powder. It occurs in nature as the mineral strontianite . Chemical properties Strontium carbonate is a white, odorless, tasteless powder. Being a carbonate , it is a weak base and therefore is reactive with acids. It is otherwise ... carbonate is prepared synthetically in one of two manners. First of which is from naturally ... strontium salts by the reaction in solution with a soluble carbonate salt usually sodium or ammonium carbonates . For example if sodium carbonate was used in solution with strontium nitrate Sr NO sub ... sub 3 sub sub aq sub . Uses File Strontium Carbonate and Nitric acid.jpg thumb left Nitric acid reacts with strontium carbonate to form strontium nitrate . The most common use is as an inexpensive colorant ... salts, the carbonate salt is generally preferred because of its cost and the fact that it is not hygroscopic ... application is in road flare s. Strontium carbonate is used for electronic applications. It is used ... the color of certain metallic oxides. It has some properties similar to barium carbonate . It is also ... carbonate can be used to produce many different strontium compounds by simple use of the corresponding ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 464211205 ImageFile Potassium Carbonate 2D structure.png ImageFile1 Potassium carbonate xtal 3D SF.png ImageFile2 Potassium carbonate.jpg ImageSize IUPACName Potassium carbonate OtherNames Potash, pearl ash Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 10949 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII BQN1B9B9HA InChI 1 CH2O3.2K c2 1 3 4 h H2,2,3,4 q 2 1 p 2 InChIKey BWHMMNNQKKPAPP NUQVWONBAS SMILES C O O O . K . K StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S CH2O3.2K c2 1 3 4 h H2,2,3,4 q 2 1 p 2 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite ... Related OtherAnions Potassium bicarbonate OtherCations Lithium carbonate br Sodium carbonate br Rubidium carbonate br Caesium carbonate OtherCpds Ammonium carbonate Potassium carbonate Potassium K sub 2 sub Carbonate CO sub 3 sub is a white salt, soluble in water insoluble in alcohol , which forms ... carbonate is used in the production of soap and glass . History Potassium carbonate was first identified ..., Hartford, 1796. ref Other terms for potassium carbonateCarbonate of potash Dipotassium carbonate Dipotassium salt Pearl ash Potash Salt of tartar Salt of wormwood Production Today potassium carbonate ... hydroxide is then carbonated using carbon dioxide to form potassium carbonate, which is often used ... use potassium carbonate as a baking agent. Potassium carbonate is being used as the electrolyte in many cold fusion experiments. Citation needed date October 2011 Potassium carbonate is sometimes used as a buffering agent in the production of mead or wine . Aqueous potassium carbonate is used in the fertilizer ... from the steam reformer. Aqueous potassium carbonate is also used as a fire suppressant in extinguishing ... although as the by product of potassium nitrate. Potassium carbonate is used in reactions to maintain ... es Carbonato de potasio fa fr Carbonate de potassium ko hr Kalijev karbonat it Carbonato ... pl W glan potasu pt Carbonato de pot ssio ru simple Potassium carbonate sk Uhli itan ... more details
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