Image Carboxypeptidase A.png thumb right 220px Carboxypeptidase A , from bovine pancreas A carboxypeptidase Enzyme Commission number EC number 3.4.16 3.4.18 is a protease enzyme that Hydrolysis hydrolyzes cleaves the peptide bond of an amino acid Residue chemistry residue at the carboxy terminal C terminal end. Contrast with an aminopeptidase , which cleaves peptide bonds at the other end of the residue. Humans, animals, and plants contain several types of carboxypeptidases that have diverse functions ranging from catabolism to protein maturation. Functions The first carboxypeptidases studied were ... peptides such as insulin requires a carboxypeptidase. Carboxypeptidases also function ... are called cysteine carboxypeptidase or thiol carboxypeptidases EC number 3.4.18 . These names ... or Branched chain amino acids branched hydrocarbon chains are called carboxypeptidase A A for aromatic ... carboxypeptidase B B for Base chemistry basic . A metallo carboxypeptidase that cleaves a C terminal glutamate from the peptide N acetyl L aspartyl L glutamate is called glutamate carboxypeptidase . A serine carboxypeptidase that cleaves the C terminal residue from peptides containing the sequence ... carboxypeptidase . Activation Some, but not all, carboxypeptidases are initially produced in an inactive ... carboxypeptidase A, the inactive zymogen form pro carboxypeptidase A is converted to its active form carboxypeptidase A by the enzyme enteropeptidase . This mechanism ensures that the cells wherein pro carboxypeptidase A is produced are not themselves digested. See also Carboxypeptidase E Carboxypeptidase ... aka plasma carboxypeptidase B2 Transpeptidase bacterial transpeptidase , an alanine carboxypeptidase Bradykinin Metabolism bradykinin is broken down among other enzymes by carboxypeptidase N D Ala carboxypeptidase is a penicillin binding protein Phenylalanine might inhibit carboxypeptidase ... ca Carboxipeptidasa de Carboxypeptidasen fr Carboxypeptidase it Carbossipeptidasi he ... more details
Image Carboxypeptidase A.png thumb right 220px Carboxypeptidase A, from bovine pancreas Carboxypeptidase A usually refers to the pancreatic exopeptidase which hydrolyzes peptide bonds of C terminal residues with aromatic or aliphatic side chain s. Most scientists in the field now refer to this enzyme as Gene CPA1 , and to a related pancreatic carboxypeptidase as Gene CPA2 . In addition, there are 4 other mammalian enzymes named CPA 3 through CPA 6, and none of these are expressed in the pancreas. Instead, these other CPA like enzymes have diverse functions. Gene CPA3 also known as mast cell CPA is involved in the digestion of proteins by mast cell s. Gene CPA4 previously known as CPA 3, but renumbered when mast cell CPA was designated CPA 3 may be involved in tumor progression, but this enzyme has not been well studied. Gene CPA5 has not been well studied. Gene CPA6 is expressed in many tissues during mouse development, and in adult shows a more limited distribution in brain and several other tissues. CPA6 is present in the extracellular matrix where it is enzymatically active. A human mutation of CPA 6 has been linked to Duane s syndrome abnormal eye movement . Recently, mutations in CPA6 were found to be linked to epilepsy. CPA 1 and CPA 2 and presumably all other CPAs contain a zinc atom at the active site. Loss of the zinc leads to loss of activity, which can be replaced easily by zinc, and also by some other divalent metals cobalt , nickel . See also Carboxypeptidase A inhibitor CarboxypeptidaseCarboxypeptidase E External links The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors http merops.sanger.ac.uk cgi bin merops.cgi?id M14.001 M14.001 MeshName Carboxypeptidases A Proteases Category Proteins Category Enzymes Category Metabolism id Karboksipeptidase A it Carbossipeptidasi A Category Zinc enzymes Category Zinc enzymes ... more details
protein Name carboxypeptidase B1 tissue caption image width HGNCid 2299 Symbol CPB1 AltSymbols EntrezGene 1360 OMIM 114852 RefSeq NM 001871 UniProt P15086 PDB ECnumber 3.4.17.2 Chromosome 3 Arm q Band 24 LocusSupplementaryData protein Name carboxypeptidase B2 carboxypeptidase B2 plasma caption image width HGNCid 2300 Symbol CPB2 AltSymbols EntrezGene 1361 OMIM 603101 RefSeq NM 016413 UniProt Q96IY4 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 13 Arm q Band 14.11 LocusSupplementaryData enzyme Name carboxypeptidase B EC number 3.4.17.2 CAS number IUBMB EC number GO code 0004180 image width caption Carboxypeptidase B is a carboxypeptidase that preferentially acts upon basic amino acids, such as arginine and lysine. External links The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors http merops.sanger.ac.uk cgi bin merops.cgi?id M14.003 M14.003 MeshName Carboxypeptidase B Proteases Category Proteins Category Enzymes Category Metabolism id Karboksipeptidase B ... more details
PBB geneid 1363 Carboxypeptidase E , also known as carboxypeptidase H and enkephalin convertase , is an enzyme ... E, Fernandez D, Loo L, Goh PY, Monfries C, Hall C, Lim L title Human carboxypeptidase E. Isolation ... name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene CPE carboxypeptidase E url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 1363 accessdate ref Carboxypeptidase E is found in brain ... gland chromaffin cell s. Within cells, carboxypeptidase E is present in the secretory granules along with its peptide substrates and products. Carboxypeptidase E is a glycoprotein that exists in both ... the C terminal region of the protein. Carboxypeptidase E is found in all species of vertebrates that have ... slug . Carboxypeptidase E is not found in the fruit fly Drosophila , and another enzyme presumably carboxypeptidase D fills in for carboxypeptidase E in this organism. Carboxypeptidase E functions ... the active form of the peptide. Products of carboxypeptidase E include insulin, enkephalin, vasopressin ... that membrane associated carboxypeptidase E acts as a Protein targeting Targeting signals sorting ..., this role for carboxypeptidase E remains controversial, and evidence shows that this enzyme is not necessary for the sorting of regulated secretory proteins. Mice with mutant carboxypeptidase E, Cpe .... It is thought that a related enzyme carboxypeptidase D also contributes to neuropeptide processing and gives rise to the mature peptides in the Cpe sup fat sup mice. See also CarboxypeptidaseCarboxypeptidase A References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite ... enkephalin synthesizing carboxypeptidase localized to adrenal chromaffin granules journal Proc. Natl ... in obese fat fat mice associated with a carboxypeptidase E mutation which reduces enzyme ... 135 cite journal author Song L, Fricker L title Processing of procarboxypeptidase E into carboxypeptidase ..., Lim L title Assignment of the human carboxypeptidase E CPE gene to chromosome 4 journal Genomics ... more details
Orphan date November 2010 Pfam box Symbol Peptidase M14 Name Zinc carboxypeptidase image width caption Pfam PF00246 InterPro IPR000834 SMART Prosite PDOC00123 SCOP 1cbx TCDB CDD cd00596 OPM family OPM protein PDB PDB3 1jqg A 127 412 PDB3 2c1c A 128 415 PDB3 1hee E 128 406 PDB3 2abz A 128 406 PDB3 1ell P 128 406 PDB3 1cps 128 406 PDB3 1bav D 128 406 PDB3 1m4l A 128 406 PDB3 1zlh A 128 406 PDB3 4cpa B 128 406 PDB3 1hdu D 128 406 PDB3 7cpa 128 406 PDB3 1cpx A 128 406 PDB3 1f57 A 128 406 PDB3 2ctb 128 406 PDB3 1arm 128 406 PDB3 5cpa 128 406 PDB3 3cpa A 128 406 PDB3 1ee3 P 128 406 PDB3 1yme 128 406 PDB3 1cbx 128 406 PDB3 1hdq A 128 406 PDB3 1pyt B 128 406 PDB3 8cpa 128 406 PDB3 6cpa 128 406 PDB3 1iy7 A 128 406 PDB3 2ctc 128 406 PDB3 1elm P 128 406 PDB3 1arl 128 406 PDB3 2boa B 129 408 PDB3 1aye A 127 404 PDB3 1dtd A 127 404 PDB3 1zg9 C 125 404 PDB3 1zg8 A 125 404 PDB3 1z5r A 125 404 PDB3 1nsa 125 404 PDB3 1zli A 125 404 PDB3 1kwm A 125 404 PDB3 1obr 113 402 PDB3 1uwy A 28 303 PDB3 1h8l A 16 291 The carboxypeptidase A family can be divided into two subfamilies carboxypeptidase H regulatory and carboxypeptidase A digestive ref name PUB00003579 cite journal author Rawlings ND, Barrett AJ title Evolutionary families of metallopeptidases journal Meth. Enzymol. volume 248 issue pages 183 228 year 1995 pmid 7674922 doi 10.1016 0076 6879 95 48015 3 ref . Members of the H family have longer C ... SV, Zagnitko OP, Matz MV, Stepanov VM, Revina LP title Primary structure of carboxypeptidase T delineation of functionally relevant features in Zn carboxypeptidase family journal J. Protein Chem. volume 11 issue 5 pages 561 570 year 1992 pmid 1449602 ref , and carboxypeptidase M a member of the H ... of carboxypeptidase A at 1.54 A resolution journal J. Mol. Biol. volume 168 issue 2 pages 367 387 year 1983 pmid 6887246 doi 10.1016 S0022 2836 83 80024 2 ref . Members of the carboxypeptidase A family ... AGBL2 AGBL3 AGBL4 AGBL5 AGTPBP1 CPA1 CPA2 CPA3 CPA4 CPA5 CPA6 CPB1 CPB2 CPD gene CPD Carboxypeptidase ... more details
PBB geneid 57094 GNF Protein box Name Carboxypeptidase A6 image image source PDB HGNCid 17245 MGIid Symbol AltSymbols CPA6 CBPA6 CPAH OMIM 609562 ECnumber 3.4.17.1 Homologene 75130 GeneAtlas image1 GeneAtlas image2 GeneAtlas image3 Protein domain image Function GNF GO id GO 0004181 text metallocarboxypeptidase activity GNF GO id GO 0008233 text peptidase activity GNF GO id GO 0008237 text metallopeptidase activity GNF GO id GO 0008270 text zinc ion binding GNF GO id GO 0046872 text metal ion binding Component GNF GO id GO 0005576 text extracellular region GNF GO id GO 0005578 text proteinaceous extracellular matrix Process GNF GO id GO 0006508 text proteolysis Hs EntrezGene 57094 Hs Ensembl ENSG00000165078 Hs RefseqmRNA Hs RefseqProtein NP 065094.3 Hs GenLoc db hg19 Hs GenLoc chr 8 Hs GenLoc start 68334360 Hs GenLoc end 68658620 Hs Uniprot Q8N4T0 Mm EntrezGene 329093 Mm Ensembl ENSMUSG00000042501 Mm RefseqmRNA NM 177834.3 Mm RefseqProtein NP 808502.2 Mm GenLoc db mm9 Mm GenLoc chr 1 Mm GenLoc start 10314801 Mm GenLoc end 10710026 Mm Uniprot Q5U901 path PBB 57094 Carboxypeptidase A6 CPA6 is an metallocarboxypeptidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPA6 gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene Carboxypeptidase A6 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?db gene&cmd retrieve&list uids 57094 accessdate 2011 11 25T03 01 34.724 08 00 ref It is highly expressed in the adult mouse olfactory bulb and is broadly expressed in the embryo nic brain and other tissues. ref name pmid18178555 cite journal author Lyons PJ, Callaway MB, Fricker LD title Characterization of carboxypeptidase A6, an extracellular matrix peptidase journal The Journal of Biological Chemistry volume 283 issue 11 pages 7054 63 year 2008 month March pmid 18178555 doi 10.1074 jbc.M707680200 url ... to the family of carboxypeptidase s, which catalyze the release of C terminus C terminal amino acid ... also Carboxypeptidase A inhibitor Carboxypeptidase References Reflist Further reading Refbegin 2 Cite ... more details
Infobox protein family Symbol CarbpepA inh Name Carboxypeptidase A inhibitor image PDB 4cpa EBI.jpg width caption refined crystal structure of the potato inhibitor complex of carboxypeptidase a at 2.5 angstroms resolution Pfam PF02977 Pfam clan CL0096 InterPro IPR004231 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP 4cpa TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD In molecular biology, the carboxypeptidase A inhibitor family is a family of proteins which is represented by the well characterised metallocarboxypeptidase A inhibitor MCPI from potatoes, which belongs to the MEROPS inhibitor family I37, clan IE. It Enzyme inhibitor inhibits metallopeptidases belonging to MEROPS peptidase family M14, carboxypeptidase A . In Russet Burbank potatoes, it is a mixture of approximately equal amounts of two polypeptide chains containing 38 or 39 amino acid residues. The chains differ in their amino terminal sequence only ref name pmid1122280 cite journal author Hass GM, Nau H, Biemann K, Grahn DT, Ericsson LH, Neurath H title The amino acid sequence of a carboxypeptidase inhibitor from potatoes journal Biochemistry volume 14 issue 6 pages 1334 42 year 1975 month March pmid 1122280 doi 10.1021 bi00677a036 url ref and are resistant to fragmentation by protease s. ref name pmid444453 cite journal author Leary TR, Grahn DT, Neurath H, Hass GM title Structure of potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor disulfide pairing and exposure of aromatic residues journal Biochemistry volume 18 issue 11 pages 2252 6 year 1979 month May pmid 444453 doi 10.1021 bi00578a018 url ref The secondary structure structure of the Protein complex complex between cattle bovine carboxypeptidase A and the 39 amino acid carboxypeptidase A inhibitor from potatoes has been determined at 2.5 Angstrom resolution. ref name pmid6933511 cite journal author Rees DC, Lipscomb WN title Structure of the potato inhibitor complex of carboxypeptidase A at 2.5 A resolution journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 77 issue 8 pages 4633 7 year 1980 month August ... more details
PBB geneid 1361 Carboxypeptidase B2 CPB2 also known as carboxypeptidase U CPU , plasma carboxypeptidase B pCPB , or thrombin activable fibrinolysis inhibitor TAFI is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPB2 gene . ref name pmid1939207 cite journal author Eaton DL, Malloy BE, Tsai SP, Henzel W, Drayna D title Isolation, molecular cloning, and partial characterization of a novel carboxypeptidase B from human plasma journal J Biol Chem volume 266 issue 32 pages 21833 8 year 1991 month Dec pmid 1939207 pmc doi ref ref name pmid1427879 cite journal author Tsai SP, Drayna D title The gene encoding human plasma carboxypeptidase B CPB2 resides on chromosome 13 journal Genomics volume 14 issue 2 pages 549 50 year 1992 month Dec pmid 1427879 pmc doi 10.1016 S0888 7543 05 80268 X ref Function CPB2 is synthesized by the liver ref name Williams2010 8 Kaushansky K, Lichtman M, Beutler E, Kipps T, Prchal ... by proteolysis at residue Arg92 by the thrombin thrombomodulin complex, CPB2 exhibits carboxypeptidase ... bi990229v url ref Carboxypeptidase s are enzymes that hydrolyze C terminal peptide bonds. The carboxypeptidase ... specificity, these enzymes are referred to as carboxypeptidase A cleaving aliphatic residues or carboxypeptidase B cleaving basic amino residues . The protein encoded by this gene is activated by thrombin and acts on carboxypeptidase B substrates. After thrombin activation, the mature protein downregulates fibrinolysis . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene CPB2 carboxypeptidase B2 plasma .... ref name entrez See also Carboxypeptidase B References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further ... author Marinkovic DV, Marinkovic JN, Erd s EG, Robinson CJ title Purification of carboxypeptidase ... Z, Thogersen IB, Christensen S, et al. title Activated human plasma carboxypeptidase B is retained ... author Vanhoof G, Wauters J, Schatteman K, et al. title The gene for human carboxypeptidase U CPU ... K, Matsumoto R title A novel carboxypeptidase B that processes native beta amyloid precursor protein ... more details
PBB geneid 1357 Carboxypeptidase A1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPA1 gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene CPA1 carboxypeptidase A1 pancreatic url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 1357 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text Three different forms of human pancreatic procarboxypeptidase A have been isolated. The A1 and A2 forms are monomeric proteins with different biochemical properties. Carboxypeptidase A1 is a monomeric pancreatic exopeptidase. It is involved in zymogen inhibition. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene CPA1 carboxypeptidase A1 pancreatic url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 1357 accessdate ref References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Catas s L, Villegas V, Pascual R, et al. title cDNA cloning and sequence analysis of human pancreatic procarboxypeptidase A1. journal Biochem. J. volume 287 issue 1 pages 299 303 year 1992 pmid 1417781 pmc 1133158 doi cite journal author Stewart EA, Craik CS, Hake L, Bowcock AM title Human carboxypeptidase A identifies a BglII RFLP and maps to 7q31 qter. journal Am. J. Hum. Genet. volume 46 issue 4 pages 795 800 year 1990 pmid 1969228 pmc 1683655 doi cite journal author Moulard M, Michon T, Kerfelec B, Chapus C title Further studies on the human pancreatic binary complexes involving procarboxypeptidase A. journal FEBS Lett. volume 261 issue 1 pages 179 83 year 1990 pmid 2307232 doi 10.1016 0014 5793 90 80665 6 cite journal author Pascual R, Burgos FJ, Salva M, et al. title Purification and properties of five different forms of human procarboxypeptidases. journal Eur. J. Biochem. volume 179 issue 3 pages 609 16 year ..., Lalley PA, et al. title Assignment of the gene for carboxypeptidase A to human chromosome 7q22 qter ... more details
PBB geneid 1358 Carboxypeptidase A2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPA2 gene . ref name pmid7896805 cite journal author Catasus L, Vendrell J, Aviles FX, Carreira S, Puigserver A, Billeter M title The sequence and conformation of human pancreatic procarboxypeptidase A2. cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, and three dimensional model journal J Biol Chem volume 270 issue 12 pages 6651 7 year 1995 month Apr pmid 7896805 pmc doi url http www.jbc.org content 270 12 6651.full ref ref name pmid10860668 cite journal author Hayashida S, Yamasaki K, Asada Y, Soeda E, Niikawa N, Kishino T title Construction of a physical and transcript map flanking the imprinted MEST PEG1 region at 7q32 journal Genomics volume 66 issue 2 pages 221 5 year 2000 month Aug pmid 10860668 pmc doi 10.1006 geno.2000.6206 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene CPA2 carboxypeptidase A2 pancreatic url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 1358 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text Three different forms of human pancreatic procarboxypeptidase A have been isolated. The A1 and A2 forms are monomeric proteins with different biochemical properties. The A2 form of pancreatic procarboxypeptidase acts on aromatic C terminal residues ref name entrez References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Pascual R, Burgos FJ, Salva M, et al. title Purification and properties of five different forms of human procarboxypeptidases. journal Eur. J. Biochem. volume 179 issue 3 pages 609 16 year 1989 pmid 2920728 doi 10.1111 j.1432 1033.1989.tb14590.x cite journal author Laethem RM, Blumenkopf TA ... Catal n C, Baumgartner R, et al. title Structure of a novel leech carboxypeptidase inhibitor determined free in solution and in complex with human carboxypeptidase A2. journal Nat. Struct. Biol ... more details
orphan date March 2010 Potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor PCI is a naturally occurring Protease inhibitor biology protease inhibitor peptide in potatoes that can form complexes with several Metalloexopeptidase metallo carboxypeptidase s, Enzyme inhibition inhibiting them in a strong competitive way with a Ki in the nanomolar range. ref 1 a br PCI consists of 39 amino acids molecular mass MW 4295 Atomic mass unit Da forming a 27 residue globular core stabilized by three disulfide bridge s and a C terminus C terminal tail with residues 35 39. PCI contains a small cysteine rich module, called a T knot scaffold , that is shared by several different protein families, including the Epidermal growth factor EGF family. ref 2,3,4 a Medicinal properties Because of the structural similarities with EGF, PCI inhibits tumor cell growth. ref 5 a Mechanism of action is inhibition of receptor dimerization and receptor phosphorylation trans autophosphorylation induced by epidermal growth factor EGF . PCI blocks the formation and activation of Epidermal growth factor receptor ErbB1 ErbB 2 EGFR and HER2 heterodimer ... growth factor alpha TGF alpha . In addition for pancreatic enzymes carboxypeptidase A and B, PCI also inhibits carboxypeptidase R without affecting the activity of carboxypeptidase N in the circulation ... 1 cite journal author Hass JM, Ryan CA title Carboxypeptidase inhibitor from potatoes journal Methods ... Salas E, et al. title Potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor, a T knot protein, is an epidermal growth factor ... Mechanism of action of potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor PCI as an EGF blocker journal Cancer Lett ... and properties of a carboxypeptidase inhibitor from potatoes journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 249 issue ... pathway of potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 269 issue 35 pages 22087 ... br Thrombolysis br Cancer research br DEFAULTSORT Potato Carboxypeptidase Inhibitor Category Protease inhibitors fr Inhibiteur de carboxypeptidase de pomme de terre ... more details
enzyme Name glutamate carboxypeptidase II EC number 3.4.17.21 CAS number 111070 04 3 IUBMB EC number 3 4 17 21 GO code 0043275 image Gcp2 naag.svg width 350px caption Reaction Scheme of NAAG Degradation by GCPII GCPII NAAG GCPII NAAG complex Glutamate NAA PBB geneid 2346 Glutamate carboxypeptidase II GCPII , also known as N acetyl L aspartyl L glutamate peptidase I NAALADase I , NAAG peptidase , or Prostate specific membrane antigen PSMA is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FOLH1 folate hydrolase 1 gene . ref name pmid9838072 cite journal author O Keefe DS, Su SL, Bacich DJ, Horiguchi Y, Luo Y, Powell CT, Zandvliet D, Russell PJ, Molloy PL, Nowak NJ, Shows TB, Mullins C, Vonder Haar RA, Fair WR, Heston WD title Mapping, genomic organization and promoter analysis of the human prostate specific membrane antigen gene journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta volume 1443 issue 1 2 pages 113 27 year 1998 month November pmid 9838072 doi url ref Human GCPII contains 750 amino acids and weighs approximately 84 kD. ref name Barinka 2004 GCPII is a zinc Metalloprotein Metalloenzymes metalloenzyme ... Kinetics and inhibition of glutamate carboxypeptidase II using a microplate assay journal Anal. Biochem ... T, Majer P, Slusher BS, Konvalinka J, Hilgenfeld R title Structure of glutamate carboxypeptidase II ... protein glutamate carboxypeptidase II. Discovery GCPII is expressed in many tissues, including the prostate ... J title Identification of the N glycosylation sites on glutamate carboxypeptidase II necessary for proteolytic ..., Slusher BS title Mice lacking glutamate carboxypeptidase II are protected from peripheral neuropathy ... J title Expression of glutamate carboxypeptidase II in human brain journal Neuroscience volume 144 ... SM, Coyle JT, Herman MM, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE title Glutamate carboxypeptidase II gene expression in the human ... simple, yet potent urea based inhibitors of glutamate carboxypeptidase II NAALADase journal J. Med. Chem ... www.rcsb.org pdb home home.do Protein Data Bank MeshName Glutamate carboxypeptidase II Proteases ... more details
A metalloexopeptidase is a type of enzyme that acts as a metalloproteinase exopeptidase . The term metallocarboxypeptidase is sometimes used to describe a metalloexopeptidase carboxypeptidase . External links MeshName Metalloexopeptidase Proteases enzyme stub Category Enzymes Category EC 3.4.17 pt Metaloexopeptidase ... more details
A transpeptidase EC 3.4.16.4 is a bacterial enzyme that cross link s the peptidoglycan chains to form rigid cell wall s. This enzyme is also known by several other names including DD peptidase , DD transpeptidase , D alanyl D alanine carboxypeptidase and serine type D Ala D Ala carboxypeptidase . ref cite web title E.C.3.4.16.4 Serine type D Ala D Ala carboxypeptidase work Enzyme Structures Database url http www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk bsm enzymes ec3 ec04 ec16 ec0004 index.html accessdate February 26, 2006 ref In gram positive bacteria, the peptidoglycan molecules are cross linked by a pentapeptide bridge, whereas in gram negative bacteria, the peptidoglycan molecules are directly covalently bound to each other. The protein transpeptidase is also known as Novel penicillin binding protein, which is necessary for cell wall peptidoglycan formation, and is inhibited by penicillin. The antibiotic penicillin irreversibly binds to and inhibits the activity of the transpeptidase enzyme by forming a highly stable penicilloyl enzyme intermediate. Because of the interaction between penicillin and transpeptidase, this enzyme is also known as penicillin binding protein . References reflist 2 External links The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors http merops.sanger.ac.uk cgi bin merops.cgi?id S11.001 S11.001 EC number 3.4.16.4 MeshName Serine Type D Ala D Ala Carboxypeptidase Proteases Category EC 3.4.16 Category Bacteria Bacteria stub ca Transpeptidasa de D Alanin Transpeptidase es Transpeptidasa it Transpeptidasi he nl DD transpeptidase ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 PBB geneid 1359 Carboxypeptidase A3 mast cell carboxypeptidase A , also known as CPA3 , is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the CPA3 gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene CPA3 carboxypeptidase A3 mast cell url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 1359 accessdate ref ref name pmid1729276 cite journal author Reynolds DS, Gurley DS, Austen KF title Cloning and characterization of the novel gene for mast cell carboxypeptidase A journal J. Clin. Invest. volume 89 issue 1 pages 273 82 year 1992 month January pmid 1729276 pmc 442845 doi 10.1172 JCI115571 url ref Function Altogether, there are 22 23 members of the metalloexopeptidase metallocarboxypeptidase gene family in most mammals. CPA3 is one of 8 9 members of the A B subfamily that includes the well studied pancreatic enzymes carboxypeptidase A1 carboxypeptidase A1 CPA1 , carboxypeptidase A2 carboxypeptidase A2 CPA2 , and carboxypeptidase B . This subfamily includes 6 carboxypeptidase A like enzymes, numbered 1 6. The enzyme now called CPA3 was originally named mast cell carboxypeptidase A, and another protein was initially called CPA3 Huang et al, 1999 . ref name Huang 1999 cite journal author Huang H title Carboxypeptidase A3 CPA3 a novel gene highly ... last6 Smith first6 DI ref A gene nomenclature committee renamed mast cell carboxypeptidase A as CPA3 ... Human skin mast cell carboxypeptidase functional characterization, cDNA cloning, and genealogy journal ... KF title Cloning and characterization of the novel gene for mast cell carboxypeptidase A journal J ... carboxypeptidase journal J. Immunol. volume 139 issue 8 pages 2724 9 year 1987 pmid 2443571 doi author ... human mast cell carboxypeptidase A, and comparison of the protein with mouse mast cell carboxypeptidase ... title Human mast cell carboxypeptidase. Purification and characterization journal J. Clin. Invest ... GD cite journal author Chen ZQ, He SH title Cloning and expression of human colon mast cell carboxypeptidase ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 PBB geneid 1368 Carboxypeptidase M is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPM gene . ref name pmid8586455 cite journal author Kas K, Schoenmakers EF, Van de Ven WJ title Physical map location of the human carboxypeptidase M gene CPM distal to D12S375 and proximal to D12S8 at chromosome 12q15 journal Genomics volume 30 issue 2 pages 403 5 year 1996 month Mar pmid 8586455 pmc doi ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene CPM carboxypeptidase M url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 1368 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates ... lysine carboxypeptidase. Its expression is associated with monocyte to macrophage differentiation ... have been described for this gene. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene CPM carboxypeptidase ... PA, Becker RP, et al. title Carboxypeptidase M in brain and peripheral nerves. journal J. Neurochem ... for human membrane bound carboxypeptidase M. Comparison with carboxypeptidases A, B, H, and N ... author Skidgel RA, Davis RM, Tan F title Human carboxypeptidase M. Purification and characterization of a membrane bound carboxypeptidase that cleaves peptide hormones. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume ... Extracellular conversion of epidermal growth factor EGF to des Arg53 EGF by carboxypeptidase M ... of carboxypeptidase M on lymphoid and myeloid cells parallels the other zinc dependent proteases ... author Rehli M, Krause SW, Kreutz M, Andreesen R title Carboxypeptidase M is identical to the MAX.1 ... journal author Nagae A, Abe M, Becker RP, et al. title High concentration of carboxypeptidase M in lungs ... RA, McGwire GB, Li XY title Membrane anchoring and release of carboxypeptidase M implications for extracellular ... author Yoshioka S, Fujiwara H, Yamada S, et al. title Membrane bound carboxypeptidase M is expressed ... journal author Li XY, Skidgel RA title Release of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored carboxypeptidase ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 PBB geneid 1369 Carboxypeptidase N catalytic chain is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPN1 gene . ref name pmid9628828 cite journal author Riley DA, Tan F, Miletich DJ, Skidgel RA title Chromosomal localization of the genes for human carboxypeptidase D CPD and the active 50 kilodalton subunit of human carboxypeptidase N CPN1 journal Genomics volume 50 issue 1 pages 105 8 year 1999 month Apr pmid 9628828 pmc doi 10.1006 geno.1998.5295 ref ref name pmid2912725 cite journal author Gebhard W, Schube M, Eulitz M title cDNA cloning and complete primary structure of the small, active subunit of human carboxypeptidase N kininase 1 journal Eur J Biochem volume 178 issue 3 pages 603 7 year 1989 month Mar pmid 2912725 pmc doi 10.1111 j.1432 1033.1989.tb14488.x ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene CPN1 carboxypeptidase N, polypeptide 1 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 1369 accessdate ref The PBB Summary .... PBB Summary section title summary text Carboxypeptidase N is a plasma metallo protease that cleaves ... with angioedema or chronic urticaria resulting from carboxypeptidase N deficiency. ref name ... journal author Matthews KW, Mueller Ortiz SL, Wetsel RA title Carboxypeptidase N a pleiotropic regulator ... terminus and selected tryptic peptides of the active subunit of human plasma carboxypeptidase ... D, Vingron M, Vriend G, et al. title On the specificity of carboxypeptidase N, a comparative study. journal ... author Sato T, Miwa T, Akatsu H, et al. title Pro carboxypeptidase R is an acute phase protein in the mouse, whereas carboxypeptidase N is not. journal J. Immunol. volume 165 issue 2 pages 1053 8 ... of C3a and C5a octapeptides by carboxypeptidase R and carboxypeptidase N. journal Microbiol ... RA title DNA polymorphism and mutations in CPN1, including the genomic basis of carboxypeptidase ... La Luz Sierra M, et al. title Identification of carboxypeptidase N as an enzyme responsible for C terminal ... more details
CTSA may refer to Cathepsin A is an enzyme which is classified both as a cathepsin and a carboxypeptidase. The Catholic Theological Society of America is a professional association of theologians that was founded in 1946 to promote studies and research in theology within the Catholic tradition. The Channel Tunnel Safety Authority The Clinical and Translational Science Award program is administered by the National Center for Research Resources, part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. disambiguation ... more details
Merge to Glutamate carboxypeptidase II discuss Talk Glutamate carboxypeptidase II Merger proposal date March 2011 Prostate specific membrane antigen PSMA is a type 2 integral membrane glycoprotein found in prostate tissues and a few other tissues. It is a possible therapeutic target for prostate cancer . Although it is a marker for prostate cancer little is known about its function in the body. PSMA is expressed on tumor cells as a noncovalent homodimer. ref http www.pnas.org content 100 22 12590.full pnas.org ref It is being used in a nuclear medicine scanning procedure as the cellular target with injected radioactive labeled anti PSMA antibodies as markers to Molecular imaging image benign and malignant prostate acinar glandular tissue, whether in the gland or as cancer metastases elsewhere in the body. ref http www.nature.com pcan journal v3 n1 abs 4500390a.html nature.com ref Numerous clinical trials of cancer therapy are targeted at PSMA. ref name Olsen2007 cite web url http www.bentham.org rrct openaccessarticles rrct2 3 0004RRCT.pdf bentham.org title Clinical Trials of Cancer Therapies Targeting Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen. author Olsen et al. year 2007 ref References reflist See also Glutamate carboxypeptidase II Molecular imaging Optical imaging Prostate specific antigen PSA External links http www.medicalnewstoday.com articles 138480.php Role Of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen And Pepsinogen C Tissue Expression As An Adjunctive Method To Prostate Cancer Diagnosis http clincancerres.aacrjournals.org cgi content abstract 3 1 81 Prostate specific membrane antigen expression in normal and malignant human tissues http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 9508077 Prostate specific membrane antigen current and future utility. biochem stub Category Tumor markers ... more details
An exopeptidase is an enzyme produced in the pancreas that catalyst catalyses the removal of an amino acid from the end of a polypeptide chain. Exopeptidase cleaves the end of a polypeptide chain. Aminopeptidase , an enzyme in the brush border of the small intestine, will cleave a single amino acid from the aminoterminal. Carboxypeptidase , which is a digestive enzyme present in pancreatic juice, will cleave a single amino acid from the carboxylic end of the peptide. See also The Proteolysis Map Endopeptidase Edman degradation Dansyl chloride Protease External links MeshName Exopeptidases hydrolase stub Proteases Category Enzymes Category EC 3.4 de Exopeptidasen el fa it Esopeptidasi nl Exopeptidase pl Egzopeptydazy ru zh ... more details
CPZ may be Cable Protection Zone, a zone protecting submarine telecommunications cable s from damage by anchors or fishing gear Charles Paddock Zoo , a community zoo in California Chlorpromazine , an antipsychotic drug, also called Thorazine or Largactil Circuit Park Zandvoort , a motorsport track near the town of Zandvoort, in the Netherlands The ICAO airline identifier for Compass Airlines North America Compass Airlines Continuous permafrost zone .cpz, file extension of music text files used by COMPOZ programme see List of file formats alphabetical CPZ gene , a gene coding for the enzyme carboxypeptidase Z Disambig tr CPZ ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 PBB geneid 8532 Carboxypeptidase Z is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPZ gene . ref name pmid9099699 cite journal author Song L, Fricker LD title Cloning and expression of human carboxypeptidase Z, a novel metallocarboxypeptidase journal J Biol Chem volume 272 issue 16 pages 10543 50 year 1997 month May pmid 9099699 pmc doi 10.1074 jbc.272.16.10543 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene CPZ carboxypeptidase Z url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 8532 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text This gene encodes a member of the metallocarboxypeptidase family. This enzyme displays carboxypeptidase activity towards substrates with basic C terminal residues. It is most active at neutral pH and is inhibited by active site directed inhibitors of metallocarboxypeptidases. Alternative splicing in the coding region results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. ref name entrez References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Reznik SE, Fricker LD title Carboxypeptidases from A to z implications in embryonic development and Wnt binding. journal Cell. Mol. Life Sci. volume 58 issue 12 13 pages 1790 804 year 2002 pmid 11766880 doi 10.1007 PL00000819 cite journal author Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. title The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full length cDNA project the Mammalian Gene Collection MGC . journal Genome Res. volume 14 issue 10B pages 2121 7 year 2004 pmid 15489334 doi 10.1101 gr.2596504 pmc 528928 cite journal author Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. title Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full length human cDNAs. journal Nat. Genet. volume 36 issue ... title Carboxypeptidase Z is present in the regulated secretory pathway and extracellular matrix in cultured ... more details
Infobox protein family Symbol Latexin Name Latexin image PDB 2bo9 EBI.jpg width caption human carboxypeptidase a4 in complex with human latexin. Pfam PF06907 Pfam clan InterPro IPR009684 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD In molecular biology, the latexin family is a protein family family of proteins which family consists of several animal specific latexin and protein s related to latexin that belong to MEROPS Protease inhibitor biology proteinase inhibitor family I47, clan IH. ref name pmid14705960 cite journal author Rawlings ND, Tolle DP, Barrett AJ title Evolutionary families of peptidase inhibitors journal Biochem. J. volume 378 issue Pt 3 pages 705 16 year 2004 month March pmid 14705960 pmc 1224039 doi 10.1042 BJ20031825 url ref Latexin, a protein possessing inhibitory activity against rat carboxypeptidase A1 CPA1 and Carboxypeptidase A2 CPA2 MEROPS peptidase family M14A , is gene expression expressed in a neuronal subset in the cerebral cortex and cells in other neural and non neural tissue biology tissue s of rat. ref name pmid10698712 cite journal author Uratani Y, Takiguchi Hayashi K, Miyasaka N, Sato M, Jin M, Arimatsu Y title Latexin, a carboxypeptidase A inhibitor, is expressed in rat peritoneal mast cells and is associated with granular structures distinct from secretory granules and lysosomes journal Biochem. J. volume 346 issue 3 pages 817 26 year 2000 month March pmid 10698712 pmc 1220918 doi url ref ref name pmid11455960 cite journal author Liu Q, Yu L, Gao J, Fu Q, Zhang J, Zhang P, Chen J, Zhao S title Cloning, tissue expression pattern and genomic organization of latexin, a human homologue of rat carboxypeptidase A inhibitor journal Mol. Biol. Rep. volume 27 issue 4 pages 241 6 year 2000 pmid 11455960 doi url ref OCX 32, the 32 kDa eggshell matrix protein, is present at high levels in the uterine fluid during the terminal phase of eggshell formation, and is localised predominantly in the outer eggshell. The timing of OCX ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 PBB geneid 1362 Carboxypeptidase D is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPD gene . ref name pmid9628828 cite journal author Riley DA, Tan F, Miletich DJ, Skidgel RA title Chromosomal localization of the genes for human carboxypeptidase D CPD and the active 50 kilodalton subunit of human carboxypeptidase N CPN1 journal Genomics volume 50 issue 1 pages 105 8 year 1999 month Apr pmid 9628828 pmc doi 10.1006 geno.1998.5295 ref ref name pmid9355738 cite journal author Tan F, Rehli M, Krause SW, Skidgel RA title Sequence of human carboxypeptidase D reveals it to be a member of the regulatory carboxypeptidase family with three tandem active site domains journal Biochem J volume 327 issue Pt 1 pages 81 7 year 1997 month Dec pmid 9355738 pmc 1218766 doi ref ref name entrez The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text The metallocarboxypeptidase family of enzymes is divided into 2 subfamilies based on sequence similarities. The pancreatic carboxypeptidase like and the regulatory B type carboxypeptidase subfamilies. Carboxypeptidase D has been identified as a regulatory B type carboxypeptidase. CPD is a homolog of duck gp180, a hepatitis B virus binding protein. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyadenylation signals exist for this gene. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene CPD carboxypeptidase D url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites ... author McGwire GB, Tan F, Michel B, et al. title Identification of a membrane bound carboxypeptidase ... and mouse gp180 carboxypeptidase D like enzyme journal Gene volume 215 issue 2 pages 361 70 year ... pmid 9815277 doi cite journal author Hadkar V, Skidgel RA title Carboxypeptidase D is up regulated in raw ... Team pmc 139241 cite journal author Kalinina EV, Fricker LD title Palmitoylation of carboxypeptidase ..., Sangster SM, Abdelmagid SA, et al. title Characterization of a novel, cytokine inducible carboxypeptidase ... more details
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