Optical aberration Image lens coma.svg thumb 300px Coma of a single lens In optics especially telescope s , the coma aka comatic aberration in an optical system refers to aberration in optical systems aberration inherent to certain optical designs or due to imperfection in the lens optics lens or other components which results in off axis point source s such as stars appearing distorted, appearing to have a tail coma cometary coma like a comet . Specifically, coma is defined as a variation in magnification over the entrance pupil . In refraction refractive or diffraction diffractive optical systems, especially those imaging a wide spectral range, coma can be a function of wavelength , in which case it is a form of chromatic aberration . Coma is an inherent property of telescopes using parabolic mirror s. Unlike a spherical mirror , a bundle of parallel rays parallel to the optical axis will be perfectly focused to a point the mirror is free of spherical aberration , no matter where they strike the mirror. However, this is only true if the rays are parallel to the axis of the parabola. When the incoming rays strike the mirror at an angle, individual rays are not reflected to the same point. When looking at a point that is not perfectly aligned with the optical axis, some of the incoming light from that point will strike the mirror at an angle. This results in an image that is not in the center of the field looking wedge shaped. The further off axis or the greater the angle subtented by the point with the optical axis , the worse this effect is. This causes stars to appear to have a coma cometary cometary coma , hence the name. http www.opticalmechanics.com technical articles about coma.html Schemes to reduce spherical aberration without introducing coma include Schmidt telescope Schmidt , Maksutov telescope Maksutov , Meade Instruments ACF Telescopes ACF and Ritchey Chr tien ... telescope http www.youtube.com watch?v EXmaY2txEBo Coma Aberration in Youtube Category Optics ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2009 In optics and especially telescope making , sagitta is a measure of the glass removed to yield an optical curve. It is approximated by the formula math S frac r 2 2 times text ROC math or math S frac r 2 4 times text focal length . math A good explanation both of this approximate formula and the exact formula can be found at http www.opticampus.com popcourse.php?url high powered appendix optics stub Category Optics ... more details
Orphan date January 2011 Optics and Spectroscopy is scientific journal , English version of the Russian journal optika i spektroskopiya , founded in 1956. It publishes research and review papers on a monthly basis. Covers various topics of spectroscopy of electromagnetic waves from radio waves until X rays excluding, perhaps, gamma rays and acoustical waves , and related topics of optics, including quantum optics . Especially appreciate contrinuitons about spectroscopy of atoms, molecules, and condensed state, lasers and the interaction of laser radiation with matter, physical and geometrical optics, holography and physical principles of optical instrument making. although typical delay between submisison and publication is neadured with years. External links http www.maik.rssi.ru cgi perl journal.pl?name optics&page main, main page http www.maik.rssi.ru cgi perl search.pl?type contents&lang eng&name optics, access to the articles Category Optics journals Category Science and technology in Russia Category Science and technology in the Soviet Union Category Publications established in 1956 physics journal stub ... more details
Merge to Light scattering date July 2011 Optical scattering deals with the scattering , absorption, and extinction of electromagnetic radiation by particles, molecules and surfaces. Both single scattering and multiple scattering i.e. radiative transfer are considered in this category. Section 290 of the optics classification of the Optical Society of America analyses the subject into the following subcategories ref http www.osa.org journals ociscodes ocis.pdf Optics Classification and Indexing Scheme OCIS , Optical Society of America , 1997 ref scattering mechanisms See also Light scattering Scattering theory References reflist DEFAULTSORT Scattering Optics Category Scattering, absorption and radiative transfer optics ... more details
Infobox journal title Applied Optics cover editor Joseph N. Mait discipline Optics language abbreviation Appl. Opt. publisher Optical Society of America country United States frequency 36 issues year history 1962 present openaccess license impact 1.410 impact year 2009 website http www.opticsinfobase.org ao home.cfm link1 http www.opticsinfobase.org ao issue.cfm link1 name Online access link2 http www.opticsinfobase.org ao browse.cfm link2 name Online archive JSTOR OCLC 01481728 LCCN 2004252118 CODEN APOPAI ISSN 0003 6935 eISSN 2155 3165 Applied Optics is a Peer review peer reviewed scientific journal published by the Optical Society of America three times a month. It was established in 1963 with John N. Howard as founding editor. The journal has four divisions of editorial scope optical technology , information processing , laser s, photonics and environmental optics , and biomedical optics . According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal s 2009 impact factor is 1.410, ranking it 25th out of 71 journals in the category Optics . ref name WoS cite web url http isiwebofknowledge.com title Web of Science year 2011 accessdate 2011 04 19 ref References Reflist External links Official http www.opticsinfobase.org ao Category Optics journals Category Optical Society of America academic journals Category English language journals Category Publications established in 1962 ... more details
Infobox journal cover File Optics Communications.gif editor B.J. Eggleton, S. Maier, B.C. Sanders, and W. Schleich discipline Modern optics peer reviewed formernames abbreviation Opt Commun publisher North Holland Pub. Co. an Elsevier imprint country Netherlands frequency Biweekly history 1969 present openaccess partly license impact 1.316 impact year 2009 website http www.elsevier.com wps find journaldescription.cws home 505711 description link1 link1 name link2 link2 name RSS http rss.sciencedirect.com publication science 5533 atom JSTOR OCLC 1761347 LCCN 77014636 CODEN OPCOB8 ISSN 0030 4018 eISSN Optics Communications is a Peer review peer reviewed rapid publication scientific journal published by Elsevier . It reports on all fields of optical science and technology. Articles are available since year 1969. According to the Library of Congress, and CASSI Vol.1 No. 1 of this journal was issued in April 1969. Scope The journal covers the following subjects ref http www.elsevier.com wps find journaldescription.cws home 505711 description Home page . Elsevier. 2010 ref ref http www.elsevier.com wps find journaldescription.cws home 505711 authorinstructions 86500 Guide for Authors List of index topics. Elsevier. 2010 ref Physical optics Optical information and image processing Guided wave optics Atomic and molecular physics Optical properties of condensed and soft matter Quantum optics Lasers and Laser Applications Nonlinear optics Nano and Micro optics Matter waves Quantum information Bio and medical optics Abstracting and indexing According to the 2009 Journal Citation Reports , the journal has an impact factor of 1.316. In addition, it is indexed in the following databases ref http www.elsevier.com wps find journalabstracting.cws home 505711 abstracting abstracting Abstracting and indexing . Elsevier. 2010 ref Chemical Abstracts Current Contents Engineering, Computing ... INSPEC Scopus References Reflist academic journal stub Category Optics journals Category Elsevier ... more details
areas. Some modern automatic point and shoot camera s do not have a diaphragm at all, and simulate ... of the earliest books on photographic optics, ref D sir van Monckhoven, Photographic Optics Including ..., 1867 ref draws a distinction betweens stops and diaphragms in photography, but not in optics ... the stop becomes a diaphragm. In optics, stop and diaphragm are synonyms. But in photographic optics they are only so by an unfortunate confusion of language. The stop reduces the lens to its ... shutter DEFAULTSORT Diaphragm Optics Category Photography equipment Category Optical devices az Diafraqma ... more details
About the journal the provider of optical service and components Optical Express Infobox journal title Optics Express cover editor Martijn de Sterke discipline Optical science and technology language abbreviation publisher Optical Society of America country USA frequency Bi weekly history 1997 present openaccess yes license impact impact year website http www.opticsinfobase.org oe link1 link1 name link2 link2 name RSS atom JSTOR OCLC 37160672 LCCN CODEN ISSN 1094 4087 eISSN boxwidth impact 3.749 impact year 2010 Optics Express is a peer review peer reviewed , scientific journal published by the Optical Society of America . It reports on all fields of optical science and technology. External links http www.opticsinfobase.org oe Journal home page http www.opticsinfobase.org oe browse.cfm browse the issues Category Open access journals Category Optics journals Category Optical Society of America academic journals Category Publications established in 1997 optics stub physics journal stub fr Optics Express ... more details
Italic title Infobox journal title Progress in Optics cover editor Emil Wolf discipline Optics peer reviewed language English language English formernames abbreviation publisher Elsevier North Holland country frequency history 1962 present openaccess license impact impact year website http www.elsevier.com wps find bookdescription.cws home BS PO description description link1 link1 name link2 link2 name JSTOR OCLC LCCN CODEN ISSN 0079 6638 eISSN boxwidth Progress in Optics are a series of books edited by Emil Wolf published by Elsevier . They consist of collections of already published scientific review review articles deemed to be representative of the advances made in the fields of optics. In this sense, the series is not entirely unlike an academic journal . The series was established in 1962, and is now in its 55th volume. physics journal stub optics stub Category Publications established in 1962 ... more details
Image UR BME Optics.jpg thumb 300px right Goergen Hall Biomedical Engineering and Optics. The Institute of Optics is a academic department department and research center at the University of Rochester ..., the Institute has granted over 2,400 degrees in optics, making up about half of the degrees ... about.html The Institute of Optics About the Institute ref According to the United States National ... of Optics was ranked 25th in the nation. Citation needed date June 2010 date June 2010 History ... Higher education educational program in the United States devoted to optics . ref http www.labs21century.gov ... ref T. Russell Wilkins, The Institute of Applied Optics of the U. of R., The Journal of the Optical ... companies relied heavily on German optics. The need for an American based institution of optical training became apparent when the flow of German imports, including optics, attenuated. The Institute of Optics has long been deeply involved in American optics study and research. The Optical Society ... , Corning Glass Works , Bausch and Lomb , and many others. The Institute of Optics occupied the top ... expanding into the new Robert B. Goergen Hall for Biomedical Engineering and Optics, which was completed ... Pioneer in the field of quantum optics , first demonstrated photon self interference, discovered the Mandel ... theory and quantum optics , predicted the Wolf Effect . Professor Robert W. Boyd Pioneer in the field of non linear optics . Professor Joseph H. Eberly Pioneer in the field of quantum optics and former ... optics and Quantum Information . Professor James Zavislan Director of the Center for Institute Ventures Professor Lukas Novotny Pioneer in nano optics . Professor Chunlei Guo Pioneer in femtosecond ... for Optical Design and Engineering. Professor Wayne H. Knox Current Director of the Institute of Optics ... . Research Areas Biomedical engineering Biomedical optics Coherence theory Fiber optic s Quantum optics Laser physics Polarization waves Polarization Non linear optics Laser based nuclear fusion ... more details
distinguish optoelectronics Electro optics is a branch of technology involving components, devices and systems which operate by modification of the optical properties of a material by an electric field . Thus it concerns the interaction between the electromagnetism electromagnetic optics optical and the electricity electrical electron ic states of materials. Electro optical devices The electro optic effect relates to a change in the optical properties of the medium which usually is a change in the birefringence and not simply the refractive index. In a Kerr cell , the change in birefringence is Proportionality mathematics proportional to the square of the electric field , and the material is usually a liquid. In a Pockels cell , the change in birefringence varies linearly with the electric field, and the material is a crystal. Non crystalline electro optic material have caught interested because of their low cost of production. It is polymer based material, therefore is organic material. It is called sometimes as organic EO material, plastic EO material, or polymer EO material, which consists of a polymer and a nonlinear optical chromophore. Nonlinear optical chromophore is the molecule has Pockel s effect. References FS1037C MS188 DODDIC cite book last Friedman first Edward title Photonics Rules of Thumb Optics, Electro optics, Fiber Optics, and Lasers publisher McGraw Hill Professional year 2004 isbn 0 07 138519 3 Category Optoelectronics Category Nonlinear optics el pt Eletro ptica ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Ion optics involves the focusing of Plasma physics plasma s and ion streams, usually in mass spectrometry . Electric field manipulation Electrostatic lens Einzel lens Electrostatic analyzer Magnetic field manipulation Quadrupole deflector See also Mass to charge ratio Mass spectrometry DEFAULTSORT Ion Optics Category Electromagnetism Category Mass spectrometry Electromagnetism stub it Ottica ionica ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Optics Type Album Artist I Scintilla Cover Released May 22, 2007 Recorded ??? Genre Industrial rock Industrial Length 55 00 Bonus CD 62 20 Label Alfa Matrix Producer Wade Alin and Jim Cookas Reviews Last album The Approach br 2004 This album Optics br 2007 Next album Dying and Falling br 2010 Optics is the second album of the Illinois based industrial band, I Scintilla . Track listing Cursive Eve 5 33 Toy Soldier 3 53 The Bells 4 32 Melt 5 22 Translate 4 01 Scin 4 33 Machine Vision 4 37 Havestar 4 37 Ultravioletfly 4 07 Silhouette 4 15 Taken 4 38 Salt of Stones 4 52 Bonus CD Track Listings The Bells Angelspit Mix 4 59 Scin Clan of Xymox Mix 5 33 Havestar Combichrist Mix 4 41 Cursive Eve Zero Tolerance Treatment by Deathboy 5 25 The Bells Ego Likeness Mix 6 01 Taken En Take Mix by En Esch 5 51 The Bells Interface Mix 5 18 Translate Broken Reception Mix by Manufactura 4 47 Havestar LA Malediction Mix by Mortis 4 29 Capsella Stochastic Theory Mix 4 36 Scin Tolchock Mix 5 12 Taken Shaken Mix by En Esch 5 28 2000s electronic album stub Category I Scintilla albums Optics Category 2007 albums Optics hu Optics pl Optics ru Optics ... more details
refimprove date February 2012 For the unrelated North American telescope retailer Orion Telescopes & Binoculars Orion Optics is a telescope manufacturer in Crewe , England in the United Kingdom . They produce a wide range of Newtonian reflector s and advanced Maksutov telescope Maksutov catadioptric telescopes. A family run firm, Orion Optics are the only remaining major manufacturer of telescopes in the UK. They have recently produced a new range of very well received Dobsonian style reflectors. They also carry a range of Vixen telescopes Vixen equipment , and a large range of accessories. External links http www.orionoptics.co.uk Orion Optics Category Telescope manufacturers UK company stub astronomy stub ... more details
Optics Valley is a nickname for a region in southern Arizona , centered on Tucson , that includes a concentration of optics companies, spawned by the optics work at the University of Arizona College of Optical Sciences . ref cite book title Insiders Guide to Tucson author Mary Paganelli Votto publisher Globe Pequot year 2006 ISBN 0762741937 url http books.google.com books?id 29zWkAeTueAC&pg PA10&dq 22optics valley 22 22university of arizona 22&lr &as brr 3&ei pclASN WHoLGjgG89NCJBQ&sig 2vpt0uEZRFxjxYoC25c5SfEoUFc ref Based on the idea of a technology cluster, such as Silicon Valley , Optics Valley in the US is famous not only for the companies but also for observatories Kitt Peak National Observatory , Mount Graham International Observatory , and the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory on Mount Hopkins Arizona Mount Hopkins . ref cite book title A Visitor s Guide to the Kitt Peak Observatories author Leslie Sage and Gail Aschenbrenner publisher Cambridge University Press year 2004 ISBN 052100652X url http books.google.com books?id wcuhhpE4 wC&pg PA79&dq tucson kitt peak mount graham university arizona&lr &as brr 3&ei rMpASLjvDoegiwHJktSIBQ&sig yjrxWMhvtRRRyTxdXL6bVJreKSc ref ref cite web title Banking on Optics Valley The Old Pueblo has high hopes for high tech, but little time author ... January 4, 2001 ref There are other areas called Optics Valley in France ref cite book title Innovative ... books?id ZZfxljn69IgC&pg PA172&dq france optics valley&lr &as brr 3&ei zc5ASKf8HJ7wigG2t4yLBQ ...?id sMX0wI14 ZYC&pg PA252&dq china optics valley&lr &as brr 3&ei IM5ASNDxC4HIigGetPmIBQ&sig 7Us9ntWcKlMMvy0e1aj29X ... Research Organization Edmund Optics Lasertel NP Photonics, Inc. Prism Solar Technologies Raytheon ... links http www.aoia.org Arizona Optics Industry Association , a group of about 200 firms that earned ... of Optics Valley since 1998. Company started by a professor at the University of Arizona College of Optical Sciences. Category Geography of Arizona Category Optics ... more details
Lagrangian optics ref name IntroductionLO Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan et al., Lagrangian Optics , Springer Netherlands, 2011 ISBN 978 0792375821 ref and Hamiltonian optics ref name IntroductionHO H. A. Buchdahl, An Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics , Dover Publications, 1993 ISBN 978 0486675978 ref are two formulations of geometrical optics which share much of the mathematical formalism with Lagrangian ... states at two specified parameters &sigma sub A sub and &sigma sub B sub is a stationary point a point ... s, while Euler Lagrange s equations are second order. Lagrangian and Hamiltonian optics The general results presented above for Hamilton s principle Hamilton s principle can be applied to optics. ref name IntroductionNIO Julio Chaves, Introduction to Nonimaging Optics , CRC Press, 2008 ISBN 978 1420054293 ref ref name NIO Roland Winston et al., Nonimaging Optics , Academic Press, 2004 ISBN 978 .... It may be a maximum, a minimum, constant or an inflection point . In general, as light travels ... as math s left x 1 left x 3 right ,x 2 left x 3 right ,x 3 right math starting at a point math mathbf A left x 1 left x 3A right ,x 2 left x 3A right ,x 3A right math and ending at a point math mathbf ... can be applied to optics using the Lagrangian defined in Fermat s principle Fermat s principle . The Euler ... 2 n frac dx k ds math Image Hamiltonian Optics Optical Momentum.png 200px thumb right Optical momentum ... in the direction of propagation of light. If light is propagating in a Gradient index optics gradient ... s math Hamilton s equations Similarly to what happens in Hamiltonian mechanics , also in optics the Hamiltonian ... with parameter &sigma x sub 3 sub and k 1,2 applied to optics are ref Dietrich Marcuse, Light Transmission Optics , Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1972 ISBN 978 0894643057 ref ref Rudolf Karl Luneburg, Mathematical Theory of Optics , University of California Press, Berkeley ..., only p sub 3 sub changes from p sub 3 A sub to p sub 3 B sub . Image Hamiltonian Optics Refraction.png ... more details
Infobox Company company name Samyang Optics Company Limited company logo company type Public company Public Korean language Korean motto foundation 1972 founder location Masan , South Korea key people Moon Young Key small President small br Soung Jin Kim small CEO small area served Worldwide industry Optic products Photographic lens br Lens optics Lens for Closed circuit television CCTV br Electric car components ref http www.earthtimes.org articles press samyang optics announces partnership with,1139719.html Samyang Optics Announces Partnership With US Electric Car Maker ZAP for Korea Market Press Release ref num employees 105 subsid net income operating income assets revenue equity homepage http www.syopt.co.kr SyOpt.co.kr Samyang Optics Company Limited is a South Korea Korean company law company founded in 1972, manufacturing Lens optics optical equipment , Closed circuit television CCTV and Photography photographic accessories. All Samyang lenses are produced in the company s plant in Masan , South Korea . Samyang is known for producing Zoom lens varifocal and Prime lens monofocal lenses , Diaphragm optics autoiris and fixed iris lenses, interchangeable lenses that are compatible with the camera s produced by other companies. In 2004 it was merged with the Japan ese CCTV optical devices maker Seikou. Samyang produces lenses to fit cameras from Canon Inc. Canon , Nikon , Sony , Pentax , Samsung , Yashica , Olympus Corporation Olympus and Panasonic , plus a wide range of T mount lenses. Samyang SLR lenses are also branded as Vivitar, Rokinon, Walimex, Bower or Pro Optic. SLR lenses File Samyang 85mm 2684.jpg thumb right 200px Samyang 85mm f 1.4 IF Aspherical Manual ... Official Site http www.corporateinformation.com Company Snapshot.aspx?cusip C41010980 Samyang Optics ... Samyang Optics Polish Site http www.samyang.es Samyang Optics Espa a Category Manufacturing companies of South Korea it Samyang ru Samyang Optics ... more details
No footnotes date April 2009 Quantum optics is a field of research in physics , dealing with the application ... of quantum optics Light is made up of particles called photons and hence inherently is grainy quantized . Quantum optics is the study of the nature and effects of light as quantized photons. The first ... optics but was also crucial for the development of quantum mechanics as a whole. However, the subfields ... now with more emphasis on the properties of light, and the name quantum optics became customary. As laser ... very fruitful, interest in quantum optics rose. Following the work of Paul Dirac Dirac in quantum ... quantum optics, partly from theoretical computer science . Today s fields of interest among quantum optics researchers include parametric down conversion , Optical parametric oscillator parametric oscillation , even shorter attosecond light pulses, use of quantum optics for quantum information , manipulation ... a sub field often called atom optics , coherent perfect absorber s, and much more. Research into quantum optics that aims to bring photons into use for information transfer and computation is now ... s and electronics now have. Concepts of quantum optics According to quantum theory, light may ... mechanics is the fundament of most concepts of quantum optics Light is described in terms of field ... that absorption optics absorbs it is crucial for understanding experiments. Quantum electronics This term ... of laser operation where photons are interacting with electrons absorption optics absorption , spontaneous .... Today, the research output of this field is mainly used in quantum optics, especially for the part ... Hall effect and Quantum cellular automata . See also portal Physics Optics Optical phase space Optical ... and Quantum Optics Cambridge 1995 D. F. Walls and G. J. Milburn Quantum Optics Springer 1994 C ... Optics Cambridge 1997 W. P. Schleich Quantum Optics in Phase Space Wiley 2001 External links Spoken ... optics of the light field http www.rp photonics.com encyclopedia.html Encyclopedia of laser physics ... more details
point, math x mathrm d , y mathrm d math distorted image point, math x mathrm c , y mathrm c math distortion center assumed to be the principal point , math K n math math n mathrm th math radial distortion .... 2, 2012 ref DxO Labs Optics Pro can correct complex distortion, and takes into account the focus ... and RAW converter software. The optics of most of these lenses feature substantially more ... http toothwalker.org optics distortion.html title Distortion author Paul van Walree work Photographic optics accessdate 2 February 2009 Cite web url http sites.google.com site jasondevilliers home ... 2010 DEFAULTSORT Distortion Optics Category Optics de Verzeichnung el fr Distorsion ... more details
Image GTC Active Optics Acutators.jpg thumb right Actuators of the active optics of the Gran Telescopio Canarias . Active optics is a technology used with reflecting telescope s developed in the 1980s, ref cite journal last Hardy first John W. title Active optics A new technology for the control of light ..., mechanical stress. Without active optics, the construction of 8 metre class telescopes is not possible ..., O. B. Owner Petersen, M. Steenberg, K. title Active Optics on the Nordic Optical Telescope journal ... telescope s, as well as all of the largest telescopes built in the last decade. Active optics is not to be confused with adaptive optics , which operates at a shorter timescale and corrects different ... to move the actuators to obtain the best possible image is termed active optics . The name active optics ... axis deformation, et cetera. Active optics correct all factors that may affect image quality .... Comparison with adaptive optics Active optics should not be confused with adaptive optics , which ... deformation. The influences that active optics compensate temperature, gravity are intrinsically slower 1 Hz and have a larger amplitude in aberration. Adaptive optics on the other hand corrects ... optics systems journal Journal of the Optical Society of America year 1977 month March volume ... of this, adaptive optics uses smaller Deformable mirror corrective mirrors . This used to be a separate ... mentioned above. X ray active optics, using actively deformable grazing incidence mirrors, are also being investigated. ref cite web title Research Partnership Advances X ray Active Optics url http www.adaptiveoptics.org ... 2005 ref See also Adaptive optics faster technology for smaller aberrations. Telescope Active surface ... External links http www.eso.org aot introduction.html An introduction to active & adaptive optics ... optics Active optics on ESO s NTT . http www.gtcdigital.net todogtc.php?op1 2&op2 13&lang en Active optics at the Gran Telescopio Canarias . Category Telescopes Category Astronomical imaging ar ... more details
Cleanup date June 2006 Atom optics or atomic optics is the area of physics which deals with beams of cold, slowly moving neutral atoms, as a special case of a particle beam . Atom optics should not be confused with atomic optics Like an optical beam, the atomic beam may exhibit diffraction and Interference wave propagation interference , and can be focused with a Fresnel zone plate ref name doak cite journal url http www.atomwave.org rmparticle ao 20refs aifm 20refs 20sorted 20by 20topic nano structures fesnell 20zone 20plates DGR99.pdf author R.B.Doak coauthors R.E.Grisenti, S.Rehbein, G.Schmahl, J.P.Toennies, and Ch. W ll title Towards Realization of an Atomic de Broglie Microscope Helium Atom Focusing Using Fresnel Zone Plates journal Physical Review Letters PRL volume 83 issue 21 pages 4229 4232 year 1999 doi 10.1103 PhysRevLett.83.4229 bibcode 1999PhRvL..83.4229D ref or a concave atomic ... in this field ref name uq Atom Optics at the University of Queensland Australia homepage http www.physics.uq.edu.au atomoptics ref . ref name ils Atom Optics, Coherence and Ultra Cold Atoms at the Institute ... Optics at the University College Cork Ireland homepage http www.physics.ucc.ie nicchormaic ref If know ... likes a animal trapping trapping rather than an optics . Recent scientific publications about Atom Nano Optics, evanescent field lenses ref V.Balykin, V.Klimov, and V.Letokhov. Optics and Photonics ... review article Optics and interferometry with atoms and molecules appeared in July 2009. ref name Optics ... J rg Schmiedmayer, David E. Pritchard year 2009 title Optics and interferometry with atoms and molecules ... about Atom Optics can be found at the Resource Letter. ref cite journal doi 10.1119 1.2673209 bibcode ... www.atomwave.org. Pierre Meystre. Atom Optics ASIN 0387952748 cite journal first Schmidt Kaler last F coauthors T Pfau, P Schmelcher and W Schleich year 2010 title Focus on Atom Optics and its Applications ... bibcode 2010NJPh...12f5014S DEFAULTSORT Atom Optics Category Atomic, molecular, and optical physics ... more details
In optics , jitter is used to refer to motion that has high temporal frequency relative to the integration exposure time. This may result from vibration in an assembly or from the unstable hand of a photographer. Jitter is typically differentiated from smear optics smear , which has a lower frequency relative to the integration time. ref name EncyOptEng Google books rcrGlrguj1YC Encyclopedia of optical engineering page 2380 ref Whereas smear refers to a relatively constant rate during the integration exposure time, jitter refers to a relatively sinusoidal motion during the integration exposure time. The equation for the optical Modulation transfer function associated with jitter is math MTF jitter k e frac 1 2 k 2 sigma 2 math where k is the spatial frequency and math sigma math is the amplitude of the jitter. ref cite journal last Johnson first Jerris F. title Modeling imager deterministic and statistical modulation transfer functions journal Applied Optics date 10 November 1993 volume 32 issue 32 pages 6503 doi 10.1364 AO.32.006503 url http www.opticsinfobase.org abstract.cfm?id 40363 ref Note that this frequency is in radians of phase per cycle. The equivalent expression in Hz is math MTF jitter u e 2 pi 2 u 2 sigma 2 math where u is the spatial frequency and math sigma math is again the amplitude of the jitter. References Reflist photography subject Category Photography Category Optics ... more details
In optics , smear is used to refer to motion that has low temporal frequency relative to the integration exposure time. This typically results from a relative rate of the image with respect to the detector e.g., caused by movement in the scene . Smear is typically differentiated from jitter optics jitter , which has a higher frequency relative to the integration time. ref name EncyOptEng Google books rcrGlrguj1YC Encyclopedia of optical engineering page 2380 ref Whereas smear refers to a relatively constant rate during the integration exposure time, jitter refers to a relatively sinusoidal motion during the integration exposure time. The equation for the optical Modulation transfer function associated with smear is the standard sinc function associated with an extended sample math MTF smear u frac sin pi alpha u pi alpha u math where u is the spatial frequency and math alpha math is the amplitude of the smear in pixels. ref cite journal last Johnson first Jerris F. title Modeling imager deterministic and statistical modulation transfer functions journal Applied Optics date 10 November 1993 volume 32 issue 32 pages 6503 doi 10.1364 AO.32.006503 url http www.opticsinfobase.org abstract.cfm?id 40363 ref References Reflist Category Optics Category Photography ... more details
Cleanup date October 2010 Optical aberration In optics , piston is the mean value of a wavefront or Phase waves phase profile across the pupil of an optical system. The piston coefficient is typically expressed in wavelength s of light at a particular wavelength . Its main use is in curve fitting wavefronts with Cartesian polynomials or Zernike polynomials . However, similar to a real V8 engine piston moving up and down in its cylinder, optical piston values can be changed to Bias electrical engineering bias the wavefront phase mean value as desired. As phase values can only vary from zero to 2 , then repeat in either direction termed phase wrapping , changing the piston coefficient changes the zero phase value contour locations across the wavefront. This property is critical to the operation of phase measuring interferometers , which give not only the magnitude but also the sign wikt convexity convexity or wikt concave concavity of a wavefront under test. Piston is physically created in the interferometer by piezoelectric actuators that translate the Fizeau interferometer reference surface along the optical axis by precise fractions of the test wavelength, usually by one quarter of a wavelength. This changes the interferometric fringe patterns and allows direct calculation of the exact wavefront error. Piston and Tilt optics tilt are not actually true optical aberration optics aberrations , as they do not represent or model curvature in the wavefront. Defocus is the lowest order true optical aberration. If piston and tilt are subtracted from an otherwise perfect wavefront, a perfect, aberration free image is formed. References Malacara, D., Optical Shop Testing Second Edition , John Wiley and Sons, 1992, ISBN 978 0 471 52232 4. DEFAULTSORT Piston Optics Category Optics ... more details
higher in the sky Main Moon illusion In the Book of Optics 1011 1022 A.D. , Ibn al Haytham argued ... light in the line of sight. In other words, the red light scatters also if it does so at a point ... Fundamentals of Atmospheric Optics author Yu Timofeev and A. V. Vasil ev page 174 date 2008 05 01 accessdate ... refracted by the ice crystals and may split into colors because of dispersion optics dispersion . The crystals behave like prism optics prism s and mirror s, refracting and reflecting sunlight ... them. ref cite book url http books.google.com ?id rF4MAAAAYAAJ&pg PA206&dq glory fog optics degree angle ...&pg PA330&dq optics sundog coloration book v onepage&q&f false title A world of weather fundamentals ...&dq optics sundog cause ice book v onepage&q&f false page 43 title Fundamentals Of Optics author Devaraj ... halo dogalt.htm title Effect of solar altitude publisher Atmospheric Optics accessdate ... Optics accessdate 2011 04 01 date 2009 08 02 author Les Cowley ref clear Glory Image Solar ... arc. The shadow of the photographer s head marks the centre of the rainbow circle antisolar point . A rainbow is an optics optical and meteorology meteorological phenomenon that causes a optical ... than a second or two, above the sun, or a green ray shoots up from the sunset point. Green ... can rest over colder dense air, forming an atmospheric duct which acts like a refracting lens optics ... Category Atmospheric optical phenomena Category Optics Category Scattering, absorption and radiative transfer optics es ptica atmosf rica ... more details
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