Cardiotoxicity is the occurrence of heart electrophysiology dysfunction or and muscle damage. The heart becomes weaker and is not as efficient in pumping and therefore circulating blood. Cardiotoxicity may be caused by chemotherapy ref cite journal pages 675 83 doi 10.1161 CIRCULATIONAHA.109.902221 title Juvenile Exposure to Anthracyclines Impairs Cardiac Progenitor Cell Function and Vascularization Resulting in Greater Susceptibility to Stress Induced Myocardial Injury in Adult Mice year 2010 last1 Huang first1 C. last2 Zhang first2 X. last3 Ramil first3 J. M. last4 Rikka first4 S. last5 Kim first5 L. last6 Lee first6 Y. last7 Gude first7 N. A. last8 Thistlethwaite first8 P. A. last9 Sussman first9 M. A. journal Circulation volume 121 issue 5 pmid 20100968 pmc 2834271 ref treatment, complications from anorexia nervosa , adverse effects of heavy metals intake, or an incorrectly administered drug such as bupivacaine . Citation needed date August 2011 See also Batrachotoxin Heart failure Drug interaction References reflist External links Chemocare.com http www.chemocare.com managing fullstory.sps?iNewsid 24392 Toxins Category Heart diseases Category Toxins by organ system affected med toxic stub cs Kardiotoxicita gl Cardiotoxicidade ... more details
advances and pharmacologic developments in antitumor activity and cardiotoxicity journal Pharmacol ... url ref Their main adverse drug reaction adverse effect is cardiotoxicity , which considerably limits ... radicals that damage the DNA and cell membranes . ref name takimoto Cardiotoxicity Anthracyclines are notorious for causing cardiotoxicity. This cardiotoxicity may be caused by many factors, which may ... in the heart. The cardiotoxicity often presents as Electrocardiogram ECG changes and arrhythmias ... . This cardiotoxicity is related to a patient s cumulative lifetime dose. A patient s lifetime .... There exists evidence that the effect of cardiotoxicity increases in long term survivors, from 2 ... in order to reduce the risk of cardiotoxicity. Cardiac monitoring echocardiogram or multi ... that is sometimes used to reduce the risk of cardiotoxicity it has been found to reduce the risk of anthracycline cardiotoxicity by about two thirds, without affecting response to chemotherapy ... more details
response, the combination resulted in unacceptable cardiotoxicity, including risk of cardiac failure ... less cardiotoxicity and equal anticancer activity . The clearance of doxorubicin in patients receiving ... the cardiotoxicity of Myocet Vs. conventional doxorubicin, 2 of patients given Myocet developed ... more details
. It can be associated with cardiotoxicity . ref name pmid10824631 cite journal author Wesche DL, Schuster BG, Wang WX, Raymond L. Woosley, M.D., Ph.D. Woosley RL title Mechanism of cardiotoxicity of halofantrine ... P, Touze JE, Dodoo AN, Danis M, Legros F title Fatal cardiotoxicity related to halofantrine a review ... more details
Pentavalent antimonials also abbreviated pentavalent Sb or Sb sup V sup are a group of compounds used for the treatment of leishmaniasis . They are also called pentavalent antimony compounds . Types The first pentavalent antimonial used was urea stibamine first introduced in the 1930s, it fell out of favour in the 1950s due to higher toxicity compared to sodium stibogluconate . The compounds currently available for clinical use are sodium stibogluconate Pentostam manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline available in United States and UK , which is administered by slow intravenous injection. meglumine antimoniate Glucantim manufactured by Aventis available in Brazil , France and Italy , which is administered by intramuscular or intravenous injection. ref Lima EB, Porto C, Motta JCO, Sampaio RNR.Treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. An Bras Dermatol. 2007 82 2 111 24. ref The pentavalent antimonials can only be given by injection there are no oral preparations available. Alternatives In many countries, widespread resistance to antimony has meant that amphotericin or miltefosine are now used in preference. ref cite journal title Treatment options for visceral leishmaniasis a systematic review of clinical studies done in India, 1980 2004 journal Lancet Infect Dis volume 5 issue 12 pages 763 774 author Olliaro P, Guerin P, Gerstl S, doi 10.1016 S1473 3099 05 70296 6 year 2005 pmid 16310148 display authors 2 ref Side effects Cardiotoxicity , reversible renal failure , pancreatitis , anemia , leukopenia , rash , headache , abdominal pain , nausea , vomiting , arthralgia , myalgia , thrombocytopenia , and transaminase elevation. References references Excavata antiparasitics Category Antiprotozoal agents Category Antimony compounds antiinfective drug stub ... more details
drugs which maintain the biological activity, but do not possess the cardiotoxicity of the anthracyclines ... from doxorubicin therapy. However, mitoxantrone was not totally free of cardiotoxicity. A number ... with reduced cardiotoxicity pubdate gdate 1996 12 24 fdate 1995 06 06 pridate inventor Krapcho ... to have potentially reduced cardiotoxicity and demonstrated promising clinical activity in these phase ... BBR2778 a new immunosuppressant in multiple sclerosis with a low cardiotoxicity journal J. Neurol ... of lymphomonocyte B and T cells in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis but with lower cardiotoxicity ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Cinchonism Image Caption DiseasesDB 11124 ICD10 ICD10 T 37 2 t 36 ICD9 ICD9 386.9 , ICD9 961.4 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Cinchonism or quinism is a pathology pathological condition in humans caused by an overdose of quinine or its natural source, cinchona bark. Quinine is medically used to treat malaria . In much smaller amounts, quinine is an ingredient of Tonic water tonic drinks, acting as a bittering agent. Cinchonism can occur from therapeutic doses of quinine, either from one or several large doses. Quinidine Class 1A antiarrhythmic agent anti arrhythmic can also cause cinchonism symptoms to develop with as little as a single dose. Signs and symptoms Symptom s of mild cinchonism which may occur from standard therapeutic doses of quinine include flushed and sweaty skin, ringing of the ears tinnitus , blurred vision, impaired hearing, confusion, reversible high frequency hearing loss, headache, abdominal pain, rashes, drug induced lichenoid reaction Lichen planus lichenoid photosensitivity , ref http bmj.bmjjournals.com cgi content full 310 6981 738 a?maxtoshow ref Balance disorder vertigo , dizziness , dysphoria , nausea , vomiting and diarrhea . Large doses of quinine may lead to severe symptoms of cinchonism skin rashes, deafness reversible , somnolence , diminished visual acuity or blindness, anaphylactic shock , and disturbances in cardiac arrhythmia cardiac rhythm or conduction, death from cardiotoxicity. Quinine may also trigger a rare form of hypersensitivity reaction in malaria patients termed blackwater fever that results in massive hemolysis , hemoglobinemia , hemoglobinuria , and renal failure . Fact date September 2008 Patients treated with quinine may also suffer from hypoglycemia especially if administered intravenous ly and hypotension low blood pressure . Most symptoms of cinchonism except in severe cases are reversible and disappear once quinine is withdrawn. Quinine, like chloroquine, inacti ... more details
Bufagins are a class of toxic steroid s found as components of bufotoxin . They can be obtained in form of marinobufagin , for example from toad s milk, which refers to secretions from the Cane Toad Bufo marinus , when it is injured, scared or provoked. Some bufagins have effects similar to poisoning by digitalis , having effects on the cardiac muscle , causing ventricular fibrillation . Some also have equally some local anesthetic action. The analgesic effects have also been proven, ref Wang, G., G. Sun, et al. 1994 . The application of traditional Chinese medicine to the management of hepatic cancerous pain. J Tradit Chin Med 14 2 132 8. ref by acting as Sodium potassium ATPase Na K ATPase Enzyme inhibitor inhibitor s on the binding sites of the cell membrane . The anti cancer properties in leukemia and melanoma cells, and the Enzyme inhibitor inhibition of the proliferation of prostate cancer cells, have also been investigated. ref Jiun Yih Yeh, William J. Huang, Shu Fen Kan, Paulus S. Wang 2002 Effects of bufalin and cinobufagin on the proliferation of androgen dependent and independent prostate cancer cells The Prostate Volume 54, Issue 2 , Pages 112 124 ref ref Jing, Y., H. Ohizumi, et al. 1994 . Selective inhibitory effect of bufalin on growth of human tumor cells in vitro association with the induction of apoptosis in leukemia HL 60 cells. Jpn J Cancer Res 85 6 645 51 ref Some of the bufagin toxins are used in low doses in traditional Chinese medicine for similar applications as digoxin is used for in Western medicine i.e. treatment of heart conditions such as atrial fibrillation . ref Bick RJ, Poindexter BJ, Sweney RR, Dasgupta A. Effects of Chan Su, a traditional Chinese medicine, on the calcium transients of isolated cardiomyocytes cardiotoxicity due to more than Na, K ATPase blocking. Life Sciences . 2002 Dec 27 72 6 699 709. PMID 12467910 ref There are several closely related bufagins, including The very toxic arenobufagin C sub 25 sub H sub 34 sub O su ... more details
Other uses Chop disambiguation CHOP is the acronym for a chemotherapy regimen used in the treatment of non Hodgkin lymphoma . CHOP consists of Cyclophosphamide , an alkylating agent which damages DNA by binding to it and causing cross links Hydroxydaunorubicin also called doxorubicin or Adriamycin , an intercalating agent which damages DNA by inserting itself between DNA bases Oncovin vincristine , which prevents cells from duplicating by binding to the protein tubulin Prednisone or prednisolone , which are corticosteroids. Uses and indications Normal cells are more able than cancer cells to repair damage from chemotherapy drugs. This regimen can also be combined with the monoclonal antibody rituximab if the lymphoma is of B cell origin this combination is called R CHOP or CHOP R . Typically, courses are administered at an interval of two or three weeks CHOP 14 and CHOP 21 respectively . A Staging pathology staging CT scan is generally performed after three cycles to assess whether the disease is responding to treatment. In patients with a history of cardiovascular disease , doxorubicin which is cardiotoxicity cardiotoxic is often deemed to be too great a risk and is omitted from the regimen. The combination is then referred to as COP cyclophosphamide, Oncovin, and prednisone or prednisolone or CVP cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone or prednisolone . Side effects and complications The combination is generally well tolerated. Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting may require antiemetic s such as ondansetron , and hemorrhagic cystitis is prevented with administration of mesna . Alopecia hair loss is common. Neutropenia generally develops in the second week. During this period, many clinicians recommend pegfilgrastim or prophylactic use of ciprofloxacin ref Cullen . If a fever develops in the neutropenic period, urgent medical assessment is required for neutropenic sepsis , as infections in patients with low neutrophil counts may progress rapidly. Allopur ... more details
risks 2882.html Fernandez redesign of Gleevec to reduce cardiotoxicity I http www.sciencedaily.com releases 2007 12 071203190607.htm?ref Klasistanbul.Com Fernandez redesign of Gleevec to reduce cardiotoxicity ... more details
Intralipid is a brand name for the first safe fat emulsion for human use, approved in 1962 in Europe and invented by Professor Arvid Wretlind, Sweden. The FDA initially would not approve the product due to prior experience with another fat emulsion. It was approved in the United States in 1972. It is used as a component of parenteral nutrition for patients who are unable to get nutrition via an oral diet. It is an emulsion of soy bean oil, egg phospholipids and glycerin. It is available in a 10 , 20 and 30 concentration. The 30 concentration is not approved for direct intravenous infusion, but should be mixed with amino acids and dextrose as part of a total nutrient admixture. Intralipid provides essential fatty acids, linoleic acid LA , an omega 6 fatty acid, alpha linolenic acid ALA , an omega 3 fatty acid . Some preparations of the anaesthetic drugs propofol and etomidate the vehicle for etomidate is propylene glycol are supplied using Intralipid as a vehicle. Weinberg et al. have published data indicating Intralipid is effective in treating experimental models of severe cardiotoxicity secondary to intravenous overdose of local anaesthetic drugs such as bupivacaine Picard & Meek 2006, Weinberg et al. 1998, 2003 and 2004 . Recent case reports have been published of the successful use of lipid emulsion in this way Rosenblatt 2006, Litz 2006, Foxall 2007 to save patients who were unresponsive to the usual resuscitation methods. All patients recovered completely shortly after intravenous injections of lipid. Intralipid is also widely used in optical experiments to simulate the scattering properties of biological tissues Driver et al. 1989 . Solutions of appropriate concentrations of intralipid can be prepared that closely mimic the response of human or animal tissue to light at wavelengths in the red and infrared ranges where tissue is highly scattering but has a rather low absorption coefficient. References Driver I, Feather J W, King P R, Dawson J B. The optical pr ... more details
, coma , and eventually respiratory arrest. ref Mulroy, M., Systemic Toxicity and Cardiotoxicity ... occur. ref Mulroy, M., Systemic Toxicity and Cardiotoxicity From Local Anesthetics 2002 ref Management Intravenous lipid emulsion s may be useful for cardiotoxicity however, the evidence at this point ... last Mulroy first Michael F. title Systemic Toxicity and Cardiotoxicity From Local Anesthetics Incidence ... more details
Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 461936439 IUPAC name 1 2 R ,4 S ,5 R 4 hydroxy 5 hydroxymethyl oxolan 2 yl 5 iodo 1,2,3,4 tetrahydropyrimidine 2,4 dione image Idoxuridine2.png width 150 Clinical data tradename Drugs.com drugs.com CONS idoxuridine MedlinePlus a601062 pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU Unscheduled S2 S4 S8 legal UK GSL P POM CD legal US OTC Rx only legal status routes of administration intravenously Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number 54 42 2 ATC prefix D06 ATC suffix BB01 ATC supplemental ATC J05 AB02 , ATC S01 AD01 PubChem 5905 DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank DB00249 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 10481938 NIAID ChemDB 001857 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII LGP81V5245 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG D00342 ChEMBL Ref ebicite changed EBI ChEMBL 788 Chemical data C 9 H 11 I 1 N 2 O 5 molecular weight 354.099 g mol smiles I C1 C N C O NC1 O C2C C H O C H CO O2 InChI 1 C9H11IN2O5 c10 4 2 12 9 16 11 8 4 15 7 1 5 14 6 3 13 17 7 h2,5 7,13 14H,1,3H2, H,11,15,16 t5 ,6 ,7? m0 s1 InChIKey XQFRJNBWHJMXHO GFCOJPQKBD StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C9H11IN2O5 c10 4 2 12 9 16 11 8 4 15 7 1 5 14 6 3 13 17 7 h2,5 7,13 14H,1,3H2, H,11,15,16 t5 ,6 ,7? m0 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey XQFRJNBWHJMXHO GFCOJPQKSA N synonyms Iododeoxyuridine IUdR Idoxuridine is an anti herpesvirus antiviral drug . It is a nucleoside analogue , a modified form of deoxyuridine , similar enough to be incorporated into viral DNA replication , but the iodine atom added to the uracil component blocks base pair ing. It is used only topically due to cardiotoxicity. Clinical use Idoxuridine is mainly used topically to treat herpes simplex keratitis . ref name Goodman Goodman and Gilm ... more details
chembox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 486769827 ImageFile Thymoquinone.png ImageSize 150px IUPACName 2 Isopropyl 5 methylbenzo 1,4 quinone OtherNames Thymoquinone Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite changed ?? CASNo 490 91 5 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 9861 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C10H12O2 c1 6 2 8 5 9 11 7 3 4 10 8 12 h4 6H,1 3H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey KEQHJBNSCLWCAE UHFFFAOYSA N PubChem 10281 ChEMBL Ref ebicite changed EBI ChEMBL 1672002 SMILES CC1 CC O C CC1 O C C C Section2 Chembox Properties C 10 H 12 O 2 MolarMass 164.201 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPtC BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Thymoquinone is a phytochemical compound found in the plant Nigella sativa . It has antioxidant effects and has been shown to protect against heart, liver and kidney damage in animal studies ref cite journal last1 Badary first1 OA last2 Nagi first2 MN last3 Al Shabanah first3 OA last4 Al Sawaf first4 HA last5 Al Sohaibani first5 MO last6 Al Bekairi first6 AM title Thymoquinone ameliorates the nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in rodents and potentiates its antitumor activity journal Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology volume 75 issue 12 pages 1356 61 year 1997 pmid 9534946 doi 10.1139 y97 169 ref ref cite journal last1 Al Shabanah first1 OA last2 Badary first2 OA last3 Nagi first3 MN last4 Al Gharably first4 NM last5 Al Rikabi first5 AC last6 Al Bekairi first6 AM title Thymoquinone protects against doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity without compromising its antitumor activity journal Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research CR volume 17 issue 2 pages 193 8 year 1998 pmid 9700580 ref , as well as having possible anti cancer effects. ref cite journal last1 Houghton first1 PJ last2 Zarka first2 R last3 De Las Heras first3 B last4 Hoult first4 JR title Fixed oil of Nigella sativa and deri ... more details
components and no cardiotoxicity cardiotoxins . ref name Toxicity They are capable of accurately ... at all. Both cardiotoxicity and reliable nonspecific signs of envenoming were absent. Bites by the Philippine ... more details
tumors, and especially solid tumors. It also showed a higher therapeutic index, yet the cardiotoxicity ..., the liposomal encapsulation of the doxorubicin limits the cardiotoxicity. In theory, by limiting the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin through liposomal encapsulation, it can be used safely in concurrent ... found superior tumor response, the combination resulted in unacceptable cardiotoxicity, including ... increase. Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity is characterized by a dose dependent decline in mitochondria ... more details
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