Taxobox name Cardiovirus virus group iv ordo Picornavirales familia Picornaviridae genus Cardiovirus type species Encephalomyocarditis virus subdivision ranks Species subdivision Encephalomyocarditis virus br Theilovirus Cardiovirus is a genus within the family Picornaviridae . The genus comprises two species Encephalomyocarditis virus and Theilovirus . Encephalomyocarditis virus has only one serotype of the same name , while Theilovirus consists of four viruses which are probably serologically distinct these are Theiler s murine enceaphalomyelitis virus TMEV , Vilyuisk human encephalomyelitis virus VHEV , a Theiler like virus TLV of rats which has yet to be named and Saffold virus SAF V . Virology Cardioviruses infect vertebrates. The virion is non enveloped and contains a strand of positive sense, single stranded RNA . The virion shows icosahedral symmetry and is around 30 nm in diameter. The 3 end of the genome encodes a polyadenylation polyA tail while the 5 end encodes a genome linked protein. A unique feature of this genus is the presence of the L protein that is made out of frame from the polyprotein and is present in the DA subgroup of TMEV and is found to be important for the virus pathogenesis. In the case of encephalomyocarditis virus, the virus can cause encephalitis and myocarditis, mostly in rodents, which are natural host biology host s. The virus is transmitted from rodents to other animals. Severe epidemics have been seen in swine and elephant s. ref name Fenner cite book author Fenner FJ. Gibbs EPJ, Murphy FA, Rott R, Studdert MJ, White, DO title Veterinary Virology 2nd ed. publisher Academic Press, Inc year 1993 isbn 0 12 253056 X ref Replication of cardioviruses is dependent on a structured RNA element called the Cardiovirus cis acting replication element CRE . Clinical Human cardioviruses were first isolated in 1981. Seven additional isolates ... http www.expasy.org viralzone all by species 99.html Viralzone Cardiovirus Category Picornaviruses ... more details
Infobox rfam Name Cardiovirus cis acting replication element CRE image RF00453.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of Cardiovirus CRE Symbol Cardiovirus CRE AltSymbols Rfam RF00453 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Tax domain Virus es GO SO SO 0000233 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData This family represents a Cardiovirus cis acting replication element CRE which is located within the region encoding the capsid protein VP2 and is required for viral replication . ref cite journal last Lobert first PE coauthors Escriou N, Ruelle J, Michiels T year 1999 title A coding RNA sequence acts as a replication signal in cardioviruses journal Proc Natl Acad Sci USA volume 96 pages 11560&ndash 11565 pmid 10500216 doi 10.1073 pnas.96.20.11560 issue 20 pmc 18073 ref See also Citrus tristeza virus replication signal Coronavirus SL III cis acting replication element CRE Rubella virus 3 cis acting element References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00453 name Cardiovirus cis acting replication element CRE Category Cis regulatory RNA elements molecular cell biology stub ... more details
refimprove date September 2011 Taxobox name Encephalomyocarditis virus virus group iv ordo Picornavirales familia Picornaviridae genus Cardiovirus species Encephalomyocarditis virus Encephalomyocarditis virus is a member of the Picornaviridae family. Infection with the virus causes encephalomyocarditis and reproductive disease in pigs . Although a variety of mammals may host the virus, pigs are classed as the domestic host as they are most easily infected. It is thought to be spread by rodents . The disease can be found worldwide but is of greatest economic importance in tropical areas. It is not thought to be zoonotic . Clinical Signs & Diagnosis Piglets that are infected present with encephalitis , myocarditis and sudden death. Mortality rates can be high. If a sow is infected whilst pregnant she may present with a variety of reproductive signs including infertility , mummification, abortion , still birth and the birth of weak piglets. A variety of gastrointestinal, respiratory and systemic signs may also be seen as the virus infects multiple body systems. A presumptive diagnosis can be made based on the history and clinical signs. Virus isolation is necessary for definitive diagnosis. Autopsy Postmortem examination of piglets may or may not reveal cardiac pathology but histopathology should show cardiac and brain abnormalities. Signs in aborted fetuses are highly variable. See Also Cardiovirus Picornaviridae References Encephalomyocarditis Virus , reviewed and published by Wikivet at http en.wikivet.net Encephalomyocarditis Virus, accessed 06 09 2011 Category Animal virology Category Picornaviruses Virus stub Veterinary med stub ... more details
unreferenced date January 2012 Cis acting replication elements brings together the 5 and 3 ends during replication of positive sense single stranded RNA viruses for example Picornavirus, Flavivirus, coronavirus, togaviruses, Hepatitis C virus and double stranded RNA viruses for example rotavirus and reovirus . See also Cis regulatory element List of cis regulatory RNA elements Enterovirus cis acting replication element and Enterovirus 5 cloverleaf cis acting replication element Cardiovirus cis acting replication element CRE Coronavirus SL III cis acting replication element CRE Rotavirus cis acting replication element Hepatitis C virus cis acting replication element Flavivirus 3 UTR cis acting replication element CRE Potato virus X cis acting regulatory element Human rhinovirus internal cis acting regulatory element CRE molecular cell biology stub genetics stub Category RNA ... more details
Taxobox name Mengovirus virus group iv familia Picornaviridae genus Cardiovirus species Encephalomyocarditis virus subdivision ranks Subtype subdivision Mengovirus Mengovirus , also known as Columbia SK virus , mouse Elberfield virus and Encephalomyocarditisvirus EMCV , belongs to the genus Cardiovirus which is a member of the Picornaviridae . Its genome is a single stranded positive sense RNA molecule, making the Mengoviruses a Virus classification class IV virus under the Baltimore classification system. The genome is approximately 8400nt in length, and has 5 VG protein Virus genome protein and a 3 polyadenine tail. Structure The Mengovirus is a non enveloped virus which has a nucleocapsid made up of 12 subunits. The virion is 30 nm in diameter and displays icosohedral symmetry. Gene Expression and Genome Replication Once inside a host cell, the Mengovirus genome acts as a piece of mRNA, and is directly translated by host ribosomes in the cytoplasm. There is a large un translated region at the 5 end of the RNA that has a ribosome binding site, removing the need of a cap. A single polypeptide is made, and is cleaved into individual proteins by viral proteases. The genome is divided into three parts P1, P2 and P3. P1 encodes the virus capsid proteins, P2 and P3 encode genes required for genome replication to occur. For replication to occur an intermediate double stranded RNA molecule is made to be used as a template for the production of positive sense genomes. Infection Mengovirus is infectious to vertebrate animals, and has been isolated from mice and other rodents. It can also cause acute fever in humans. There is no specific treatment for a Mengovirus infection although Persantine has been shown to inhibit its replication. ref http jvi.asm.org cgi content full 79 17 11062?view long&pmid 16103157 ref The illness is not severe enough to require vaccination. The Mengovirus is able to suppress the host s immune response by reducing the expression of NF B Nuclear ... more details
Infobox rfam Name Citrus tristeza virus replication signal image RF00193.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of CTV rep sig Symbol CTV rep sig AltSymbols Rfam RF00193 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Tax domain Virus es GO SO SO 0000233 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData The Citrus tristeza virus replication signal is an Cis regulatory element regulatory element involved in a virus viral replication signal which is highly conserved in citrus tristeza viruses. Replication signals are required for viral replication and are usually found near the 5 and 3 termini of gene protein coding genes . This element is predicted to form ten stem loop structures some of which are essential for functions that provide for efficient viral replication. ref cite journal last Satyanarayana first T coauthors Gowda S, Ayllon MA, Albiach Marti MR, Dawson WO year 2002 title Mutational analysis of the replication signals in the 3 nontranslated region of citrus tristeza virus journal Virology volume 300 pages 140&ndash 152 pmid 12202214 doi 10.1006 viro.2002.1550 issue 1 ref See also Cardiovirus cis acting replication element CRE Coronavirus SL III cis acting replication element CRE Heron HBV RNA encapsidation signal epsilon References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00193 name Citrus tristeza virus replication signal Category Cis regulatory RNA elements molecular cell biology stub ... more details
Infobox rfam Name Coronavirus SL III cis acting replication element CRE image RF00496.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of Corona SL III Symbol Corona SL III AltSymbols Rfam RF00496 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Tax domain Virus es GO SO SO 0000233 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData The coronavirus SL III cis acting replication element CRE is an cis regulatory element RNA element that regulates defective interfering DI RNA replication . ref cite journal last Raman first S coauthors Bouma P, Williams GD, Brian DA year 2003 title Stem loop III in the 5 untranslated region is a cis acting element in bovine coronavirus defective interfering RNA replication journal J Virol volume 77 pages 6720&ndash 6730 pmid 12767992 doi 10.1128 JVI.77.12.6720 6730.2003 issue 12 pmc 156170 ref Other RNA families identified in the coronavirus include the coronavirus 3 stem loop II like motif s2m , the coronavirus frameshifting stimulation element , the coronavirus packaging signal and the coronavirus 3 UTR pseudoknot . See also Cardiovirus cis acting replication element CRE Citrus tristeza virus replication signal References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00496 name Coronavirus SL III cis acting replication element CRE Category Cis regulatory RNA elements molecular cell biology stub ... more details
Theiler s Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus TMEV is a single stranded RNA murine cardiovirus from the family Picornaviridae that has been used as a mouse model for studying virally induced paralysis as well as encephalomyelitis comparable to Multiple sclerosis . ref cite journal last1 Stavrou first1 S last2 Feng first2 Z last3 Lemon first3 SM last4 Roos first4 RP title Different strains of Theiler s murine encephalomyelitis virus antagonize different sites in the type I interferon pathway journal Journal of Virology volume 84 issue 18 pages 9181 9 year 2010 pmid 20610716 pmc 2937600 doi 10.1128 JVI.00603 10 ref Depending on the mouse and viral strain , viral pathogenesis can range from negligible, to chronic or acute encephalomyelitis. Discovery The virus was discovered by Nobel Prize winning virologist Max Theiler in 1937 while working at the Rockefeller University Rockefeller Institute . ref http nobelprize.org nobel prizes medicine laureates 1951 theiler bio.html ref ref cite journal doi 10.1084 jem.65.5.705 last1 Theiler first1 M title Spontaneous Encephalomyelitis of Mice, A New Virus Disease journal The Journal of experimental medicine volume 65 issue 5 pages 705 19 year 1937 pmid 19870629 pmc 2133518 ref Known mostly for his work with Yellow Fever , Theiler s encephalomyelitis virus was discovered during research on poliovirus like symptoms in mice. Strains There are several different strains of TMEV that are characterized by their pathology as well as genetic sequencing dn date December 2011 and proteomics . The two major groups are listed below, but there are several other strains in the same group as DA such as BeAn . GDVII TMEV GDVII virus is characterized by acute encephalomyelitis in susceptible mice, with a high mortality rate and no viral persistence after viral clearance by the immune system . No demyelination occurs in surviving mice. The GDVII L protein ... last Kirkegaard editor1 first Karla title Saffold Virus, a Human Theiler s Like Cardiovirus, is Ubiquitous ... more details
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