Brazil. Caribanlanguages are relatively closely related, and number two to three dozen, depending ... archive Carib Rosetta Project entry Language families Category Caribanlanguages Category Indigenous languages of the South American Northeast Category Languages of Venezuela ar ...Infobox language family name Cariban ethnicity Carib people region Mostly within north central South America, with extensions in the southern Caribbean and in Central America. familycolor American fam1 ... silname Carib sil2 404 16 silname2 nowrap North Brazil, Carib map Cariban languages.png mapcaption Present location of Caribanlanguages, c. 2000, and probable extent in the 16th century. The Caribanlanguages are an indigenous language family of South America . They are widespread across northernmost ... the only one with more than a few thousand is Macushi language Macushi , with 30,000. The Cariban ... people Carib Indians about 3,000 of whom live on the island s east coast. Family division The Caribanlanguages are closely related, and in many cases where a language is more distinct, this is due to influence from neighboring languages rather that an indication that it is not closely related. Several classifications are seen the one shown here divides Cariban into seven branches. A traditional ... each language. ref Desmond Derbyshire, 1999. Carib . In Dixon & Aikhenvald, eds., The Amazonian Languages ... Peru Patag n de Perico language of northern Peru also appears to have been a Cariban language. Ethnologue ... Chaima and Cumanagoto language Cumanagoto , which may be Yukpa. Genetic relations The Caribanlanguages share irregular morphology with the G languages Ge and Tupi languages Tupi families, and Ribeiro ... American Indian origin Arawak peoples Arawakan languages Carib language Ta no language Taino Garifuna ... resources on native South American languages http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp?subid 90634 Ethnologue report for Carib languages http wold.livingsources.org vocabulary 38 Ka lina Carib Vocabulary ... more details
Languages of country Guyana official English language English Guyanese Creole an English based creole with African and or East Indian syntax is widely spoken in the nation of Guyana . English language English is the official language and is the language used, for example, in its schools. Caribanlanguages Akawaio language Akawaio , Wai Wai people Wai Wai , Arawak language Arawak and Macushi are spoken by a small minority, In addition, Dutch and French are spoken by those who frequently visit French Guiana and Suriname. French is widely taught in secondary school s along with Spanish as a foreign language. That language is spoken typically by visitors and residents from Venezuela . ref Damoiseau, Robert 2003 El ments de grammaire compar e fran ais cr ole guyanais Ibis rouge, Guyana, ISBN 2844501923 ref References reflist External links http www.ethnologue.com show country.asp?name GY Ethnologue list http www.ethnologue.com show map.asp?name GY&seq 10 map South America in topic Languages of Category Languages of Guyana ... more details
Infobox language family name Tim tean altname region Venezuela familycolor American family Timotean child1 Timote language Timote Cuica child2 Mucuch language Mucuch Marip map Timote Cuica languages.png mapcaption Timote and Cuica toponym s The Timotean languages were spoken in the Venezuelan Andes around what is now M rida State M rida . It is assumed that they are extinct. However, Timote may survive in the so far unattested Mut language Mut Loco language, as this occupies a mountain village Mut s within the old Timote state. ref Lyle Campbell, 2000. American Indian Languages The Historical Linguistics of Native America . ref ref Willem Adelaar with Pieter Muysken, The Languages of the Andes , CUP, 2004 124 125 ref There is no apparent connection to the Chibchan, Arawakan, or Cariban families, apart from sporadic resemblances with Paez language Paez and some divergent Chibchan languages, so Timotean appears to be an independent family. There were two closely related languages, each a pair of dialects Timote language Timote Cuica Miguri, Cuica, Cicua , spoken by the Timoto Cuica people Mucuchi language Mucuch Marip Mococh , Mirrip Traditionally, Mucuch and Mirrip have been classified as dialects of Timote, with Cuica as a distinct language, but the data in Loukotka 1968 unless it s been mislabeled http multitree.org codes qcx indicates that Cuica is a dialect of Timote, and that Mucuch Mirrip are a separate language. References Reflist External links Fabre http butler.cc.tut.fi fabre BookInternetVersio Dic Mut fas.pdf Mut s Category Indigenous languages of the Americas Category Extinct languages of South America Category Languages of Venezuela na lang stub es Lenguas timote cuica ... more details
with some of the people speaking Choco languages The Choco languages also Chocoan , Choc , Chok are a small family of Native American languages spread across Colombia and Panama . Family division Choco consists of perhaps ten languages, half of them extinct. The Ember languages also known ... language in Ethnologue regardless. The Ember group is two languages mainly in Colombia with over ... this into 6 languages. Kaufman 1994 considers the term Cholo to be vague and condescending. Noanam ... to Cariban estm r Loukotka 1944 Southern Ember may be related to Paezan , Noanam to Arawakan within Paul Rivet & Loukotka s 1950 Cariban Constenla Uma a & Margery Pe a may be related to Chibchan within Joseph Greenberg s Nuclear Paezan , most closely related to Paezan languages Paezan and Barbacoan languages Barbacoan See also Embera Wounaan Ember languages Bibliography Campbell, Lyle. 1997 . American Indian languages The historical linguistics of Native America . New York Oxford University ... . Ethnologue Languages of the world 15th ed. . Dallas, TX SIL International. ISBN 1 55671 159 X. Online ... South American languages pp. 13 67 . Austin University of Texas Press. ISBN 0 292 70414 3. Kaufman, Terrence. 1994 . The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher Eds. , Atlas of the world s languages pp. 46 76 . London Routledge. Loewen, Jacob. 1963 . Choco I & Choco ... . Languages of the world materials 208. LINCOM. Mortensen, Charles A. 1999 . A reference grammar of the Northern Embera languages . Studies in the languages of Colombia No.7 SIL publications in linguistics ... . South American Indian languages. The new Encyclopaedia Britannica 15th ed. . Chicago Encyclop dia ... mundo choco.htm Familia Choc language families Category Choco languages Category Indigenous languages of Central America Category Indigenous languages of the South American Northwest br Yezho ... more details
by peoples known as Mazorij, and others known as Ciguayos, and they had different languages ... languages were not intelligible with each other, Tres lenguas habia en esta Isla ... Little else is known of the Ciboney languages apart from the word for gold in Ciguayo, tuob , mentioned ... twob , is not a possible Ta no word. Both the Arawak and Carib languages had a simple CV syllable ... family than the two known languages of the Caribbean. Granberry 1991 has speculated that they may have been related, not to the languages of South America as Ta no was, but to languages of Central ... Taylor, Languages and Ghost Languages of the West Indies , in the International Journal of American Linguistics , 22 2 April 1956 . ref References Reflist Category Extinct languages of North America Category Unclassified languages of North America Category Indigenous languages of the Americas es ... more details
For American languages see Indigenous languages of the Americas Languages of North America Languages of South America Languages of the United States disambig ... more details
File Map caribbean languages big.png thumb 400px Map showing the four language families represented in the Caribbean. The languages of the Caribbean reflect the region s diverse history and culture. There are six official languages spoken in the Caribbean. The six languages are Spanish official language ... and Bonaire However, there are also number of creoles and local patois. Dozens of the creole languages ... smaller indigenous languages. Many of the different languages have become extinct or are dying ... are mostly aimed at multilingualism. Language groups Most languages spoken in the Caribbean are either European languages namely English, Spanish, French and Dutch or European language based creoles ... Spanish, Portuguese, Hindi, Arawak and African languages a well as Irish. is heard on an everyday ... Development Of Haitian Immigrant Students . Massachusetts Amherst University. 354p ref languages include ... Sprachen und V lkern Origins of Languages and Peoples . T bingen ref Other language families Indigenous Several languages spoken in the Caribbean belong to language families concentrated or originating ... and Peru . Asian languages such as Chinese and Indian are spoken by South Asian expatriates exclusively. In earlier historical times, other Indo European languages such as German ref Schumann, Theophilus ... languages actually associated with mainland Caribbean rather than the islands proper have been added to the list of not totally extinct endangered languages for example Arawak languages Shebayo, Igneri ... Antilles , Cariban Nepuyo and Yao , Taruma, Atorad, Warrau, Arecuna, Akawaio and Patamona.These languages are still spoken here by a few people. ref Amerindian Peoples Association . 2003 . Guyana ... Indies ref Creole languages Creoles are contact languages usually spoken in rather isolated colonies ... are languages of the former major colonial powers, whereas the grammatical structure is usually attributed to other languages spoken in the colonies, the so called substrates. ref . Creoles generally ... more details
Siberian languages may refer to any languages spoken in Siberia, including the Eskimo Aleut languages spoken in Siberia the Mongolic languages spoken in Siberia the Paleosiberian languages the Siberian Turkic languages the Russian dialects spoken in Siberia the Tungusic languages spoken in Siberia the Uralic languages spoken in Siberia disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Many languages are indigenous to Oceania they belong to several families. The Austronesian languages Austronesian family is the most common, found throughout many Pacific Islands, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. Australia is home to many diverse families of Languages of Australia indigenous languages Pama Nyungan languages Gunwinyguan languages Macro Pama Nyungan languages Southwest Pama Nyungan languages Bunaban languages 2 languages in two branches Daly languages 11 19 languages in four branches, including Murrinh Patha language Murrinh Patha Limilngan languages 2 languages, extinct? Djeragan languages 3 5 languages in two branches Nyulnyulan languages 4 8 languages in one branch Wororan languages 7 12 languages in three branches Indo Pacific languages Andaman languagesLanguages of Papua New Guinea Tasmanian languages Also, the languages of European settlers and colonial powers are common in the region, such as English in Australia and New Zealand , Spanish language Spanish in Easter Island , and French in New Caledonia , etc. There are also creole language creoles formed from the interaction of the European and indigenous languages, such as Tok Pisin , Hawaiian Pidgin , Norfuk and Pitkern . See also List of extinct languages of Oceania Navboxes list Languages of Oceania Countries and languages lists DEFAULTSORT Languages Of Oceania Category Languages of Oceania Au lang stub bn ru ... more details
Infobox language family name Awan region Colombia and Ecuador familycolor American fam1 Barbacoan languages Barbacoan sil 904 16 The Awan languages are Barbacoan languages that include the Awa Pit language and the Pasto languages spoken in Ecuador and Colombia . Pasto is extinct. DEFAULTSORT Awan Languages Category Awan languages Category Languages of Ecuador Category Barbacoan languages Category Endangered indigenous languages of the Americas Na lang stub es Lenguas ahuanas mk ... more details
Infobox language family name Bel region Northern New Guinea familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Western Oceanic languages Western Oceanic fam5 North New Guinea languages North New Guinea ? fam6 Ngero Vitiaz languages Ngero Vitiaz child1 Astrolabe languages child2 Nuclear Bel languages sil 2324 16 The eight Bel languages form a group of Austronesian languages of northern Papua New Guinea . Components Astrolabe languages Nuclear Bel languages DEFAULTSORT Bel Languages Category Western Oceanic languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Au lang stub ... more details
The languages of the Bomberai Peninsula of Indonesian New Guinea fall into several groups West Bomberai languages Papuan, west and south Irarutu language Austronesian, most of the interior North Bomberai languages Austronesian, off the coast Bedoanas Erokwanas languages minor Austronesian languages labeled Bomberai in Ethnologue dab ... more details
Infobox language family name Astrolabe region Madang Province , Papua New Guinea familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Western Oceanic languages Western Oceanic fam5 North New Guinea languages North New Guinea ? fam6 Ngero Vitiaz languages Ngero Vitiaz fam7 Bel languages Bel sil 2325 16 The three Astrolabe languages form a small group of Austronesian languages of Madang Province , Papua New Guinea Awad Bing language Awad Bing , Mindiri language Mindiri , Wab language Wab DEFAULTSORT Astrolabe Languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Category Western Oceanic languages Au lang stub hr Astrolabski jezici ... more details
Infobox language family name Kowan familycolor Papuan region Madang Province fam1 Trans New Guinea fam2 Madang languages Madang fam3 Southern Adelbert Range Kowan sil 2440 16 The Kowan languages are a small family of languages spoken in the Adelbert Range area of Madang Province , Papua New Guinea . The languages are Waskia language Waskia , with 20,000 speakers, and Korak language Korak , with 500. DEFAULTSORT Kowan Languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Category Kowan languages pa lang stub ... more details
Infobox language family name Mahakam altname Barito Mahakam region south Borneo , Madagascar familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Barito languages Barito The Mahakam or Barito Mahakam languages are a couple closely related Dayak languages Dayak Austronesian languages Austronesian languages of Borneo Ampanang language Ampanang , Tunjung language Tunjung Category Barito languages au lang stub fr Langues barito mahakam hr Mahakam jezici it Lingue barito mahakam mk ... more details
Infobox language family name Banggi region Sabah familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Bornean languages Bornean ? fam4 Sabahan languages Sabahan The Banggi languages also Bangay are a pair of languages, Bonggi language Bonggi and Molbog language Molbog , spoken in Sabah on Borneo , on Palawan in the Philippines, and on the islands in between. External links Ethnologue bdg Category Sabahan languages Category Languages of the Philippines Category Article Feedback 5 au lang stub ... more details
Infobox language family name Bekati altname region Borneo ethnicity Bidayuh familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Indo Melanesian languages Indo Melanesian fam4 Bornean languages Bornean ? fam5 Land Dayak languages Land Dayak Bekati is a group of Bidayuh Dayak languages of Borneo Bekati language Bekati Bekatiq , Sara language Indonesia Sara , Lara language Lara Rara Category Land Dayak languages Category Languages of Indonesia au lang stub ... more details
Infobox language family name Sabahan altname region Sabah , Borneo familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Indo Melanesian languages Indo Melanesian fam4 Bornean languages Bornean ? The Sabahan languages are a group of Austronesian languages centered on the Bornean province of Sabah . Languages The constituents from Blust 1991 mentioned explicitly in Adelaar & Himmelmann 2005 are, Banggi languages Banggi 2 Dusunic languages Dusunic 15 Paitanic languages Paitanic 4 Ida an language Ida an Murutic languages Murutic 7 Tidong languages Tidong 5 A 2008 analysis of the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database fully supported the unity of Murutic languages Murutic and Ida an language Ida an . However, the other branches were not considered. References K. Alexander Adelaar and Nikolaus Himmelmann, The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar. Routledge, 2005. http language.psy.auckland.ac.nz austronesian research.php Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database Category Sabahan languages au lang stub fr Langues sabahanes mk ... more details
merge A posteriori languages date April 2011 This is the article about constructed languages. For other uses of the term a priori, see a priori . An a priori language is any constructed language whose vocabulary is not based on existing languages, unlike a posteriori languages a posteriori constructed languages. Examples of a priori languages include Ro language Ro , Solresol , Mirad , Klingon language Klingon , and Na vi language Na vi . By contrast, a posteriori languages are ones whose vocabulary is based on existing languages, either as a variation of one language e.g., Latino sine flexione or as a mixture of various languages. Some a priori languages are designed to be international auxiliary language s that remove what could be considered an unfair learning advantage for native speakers of a source language that would otherwise exist for a posteriori languages. Some a priori languages try to categorize their vocabulary, either to express an underlying philosophy or to make it easier to recognize new vocabulary. These are also known as philosophical language philosophical or taxonomic languages . References Alan Libert, A Priori Artificial LanguagesLanguages of the World 24. Munich Lincom Europa, 2000 . ISBN 3895866679. Constructed languages Category Constructed languages A priori Languages conlang stub eo Apriora lingvo hu A priori nyelvek ja pl J zyki aprioryczne pt L ngua artificial a priori ru simple A priori languages ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In linguistics, Melanesian is an obsolete term referring to the Austronesian languages of Melanesia that is, the Oceanic languages Oceanic , Eastern Malayo Polynesian , or Central Eastern Malayo Polynesian languages depending on conception clarify date May 2012 apart from Polynesian languages Polynesian and Micronesian languages Micronesian though Fijian languages Fijian was typically included . The Papuan languages were also recognized as distinct. A typical classification of the Austronesian languages ca. 1970 would divide them into something like the following branches Formosan languages Northern AN Hesperonesian languages Western AN Melanesian languages Central Eastern AN Micronesian languages Polynesian languages It is now known that the Melanesian languages do not form a genealogical node they are at best paraphyletic , and very likely polyphyletic . Although the term was at least in the beginning partially racial rather than linguistic, the Melanesian languages arguably refnec share the property of being Austronesian languages that have been most heavily restructured under the influence of various Papuan language families. date May 2012 DEFAULTSORT Melanesian Languages Category Languages lt Melanezie i kalbos pl J zyki melanezyjskie ru ... more details
Infobox language family name Popolocan region Oaxaca , Mexico familycolor American fam1 Oto Manguean languages Oto Manguean fam2 Eastern Oto Mangue fam3 Popolocan Zapotecan child1 Chochotec Chocho Popoloca languages Popoloca child2 Ixcatec language Ixcatec a single language child3 Mazatecan languages Mazatecan sil 1874 16 The Popolocan languages are a subfamily of the Oto Manguean languages Oto Manguean language family of Mexico , spoken mainly in the state of Puebla . The Popolocan languages should not be confused with the languages called Popoluca spoken in the state of Veracruz , which belong to the unrelated Mixe Zoquean languages Mixe Zoquean language family. The term comes from the Nahuatl language and means to speak unintelligibly, which is why Nahuatl speakers called several different unrelated languages Popol ca . The Nahuatl term was later adopted by the Spanish. The convention now is that the Oto Manguean languages are referred to as Popoloca and the Mixe Zoquean languages are referred to as Popoluca , although the latter term is falling into disuse. The Popolocan languages are subdivided into the Chocho Popolocan languages, including the Chocho language and seven distinct varieties of Popoloca languages Popoloca . the Ixcatec language the Mazatecan languages including a number of related languages called Mazatec External links http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp?subid 1874 16 Ethnologue report for Popolocan Category Popolocan languages Category Endangered Oto Manguean languages Na lang stub br Yezho popolokanek fr Langues popolocas ... more details
Infobox language family name Tongic region Tonga and Niue familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Central Pacific languages Central Pacific fam5 Polynesian languages Polynesian child1 Tongan language Tongan child2 Niuean language Niuean The family of Tongic languages is a small group of the Polynesian languages . It consists of at least two languages, Tongan language Tongan and Niuean language Niuean , and possibly a third, Niuafo ou language Niuafo ouan . See also Tonga Niue External links http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp?subid 159 Ethnologue family tree for Tongic Category Tongic languages Category Polynesian languages Category Languages of Tonga au lang stub fi Tongalaiset kielet th ... more details
Infobox language family name Korap region Northern New Guinea familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Western Oceanic languages Western Oceanic fam5 North New Guinea languages North New Guinea ? fam6 Ngero Vitiaz languages Ngero Vitiaz fam7 ? sil 2313 16 The three Korap languages form a group of Austronesian languages of northern Papua New Guinea Arop Lukep language Arop Lukep , Karnai language Karnai , Malasanga language Malasanga DEFAULTSORT Korap Languages Category Western Oceanic languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Au lang stub ... more details
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