Infobox Former Subdivision native name lang el conventional long name Theme of Cephallenia common name Cephallenia continent Europe subdivision Theme country subdivision Theme nation the Byzantine Empire era Middle Ages capital Cephallenia image map Byzantine Greece ca 900 AD.svg image map caption Map of Byzantine Greece ca. 900 AD, with the themes and major settlements. life span mid late 8th century 1185 year start mid late 8th century event start Establishment as a theme year end 1185 event end Kingdom of Sicily Sicilian conquest The Theme of Cephallenia or Cephalonia lang el ... for Cythera, these formed the separate theme of Cephallenia. ref name DOAKS harvnb Nesbitt Oikonomides ... when exactly the theme of Cephallenia was established. Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos ... instances of generals strategos strategoi of Cephallenia are known through sources before that date. Thus, the Taktikon Uspensky of 842 843 clearly mentions a strategos of Cephallenia, and the Latin ... of the circumscription of Cephallenia, at least as a strategis if not as a theme, back ... the close relation of Cephallenia with the imperial holdings in southern Italy the Ionian Islands ... to Porphyrogennetos s account, Longobardia was probably initially constituted as a tourma of Cephallenia ... 351 352 . ref In several cases, however, the commands of Cephallenia and Longobardia or, alternatively ... at Cephallenia, but is also attested elsewhere, such as Corfu. ref name DOAKS In the De administrando ... s tax revenue. ref name Pertusi175 Cephallenia was important chiefly in a maritime context, ref name ... 1991 p 1123 . ref The Theme of Cephallenia is frequently mentioned in military operations in the 9th ... s islands, and troops from Cephallenia subsequently participated in the Byzantine offensive in Italy. ref harvnb Soustal Koder 1981 pp 52 53, 175 176 . ref Mardaites from Cephallenia are then recorded ..., 176 . ref The last mention of a strategos of Cephallenia comes in 1011, when Kontoleon Tornikios ... more details
Distinguish Leo Tornikios Kontoleon Tornikios ref In Latin language Latin , Tornicius Condoleo in Italian language Italian Tornichio . The anonymous chronicler of Bari calls him Audronic , which some have taken as Andronicus . Chalandon uses the Gallicised form Contol on . ref was the Catapan of Italy from May to September 1017. He was originally the strategos of Cephallenia theme Cephallenia . As strategos , he accompanied the catapan Basil Mesardonites to Apulia in 1011. Basil died in 1016 and Leo was nominated to replace him, arriving in May. At the time, Melus of Bari had risen in revolt again, this time with a band of Normans . Leo sent Leo Passianos with an army against him. Passianos and Melus met on the Fortore at Arenula . The battle was either indecisive William of Apulia or a victory for Melus Leo of Ostia . Tornikios then took command himself and led them into a second encounter near Civita . This second battle was a victory for Melus, though Lupus Protospatharius and the anonymous chronicler of Bar record a defeat. A third battle, a decisive victory for Melus, occurred at Vaccaricia , near the site of later Troia FG Troia . The entire region from the Fortore to Trani had fallen to Melus and in September, Tornikios was relieved of his duties in favour of Basil Boiannes . Notes reflist Sources Ferdinand Chalandon Chalandon, Ferdinand . Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicile . Paris , 1907. s start s bef before Basil Mesardonites s ttl title Catepan of Italy years May 1017 Sept. 1017 s aft after Basil Boioannes end Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Tornikios, Kontoleon ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Tornikios, Kontoleon Category 11th century Byzantine people Category Byzantine generals Category Catepans of Italy Byzantine bio stub ar es Le n Tornikio Kontoleon fr L on Tornikios it Leone Tornicio ... more details
In Greek mythology , Eupeith s was the father of Antinous son of Eupeithes Antinous , the leader of the Proci suitors of Penelope . After his son s death at the hands of Odysseus , Eupeithes tried to revolt against his rule. He was killed by Odysseus father, Laertes . Apparently, he had forgotten the favor Odysseus had done for him years before when he committed a piratical raid on Cephallenia . Odysseus protected him from vengeful Cephallenians who wanted to kill him. Yet he let his son lead the suitors in destroying Odysseus home. ref Homer. He also opposed Telemachus request for support in his effort to find his father, he openly accused him being mad in court. He led the band of angry villagers who searched for Odysseus after he killed the suitors. Odyssey , XXIV, 469. ref References reflist Greek myth stub Characters in the Odyssey Category Greek mythology Category Characters in the Odyssey el ... more details
as a subordinate division tourma of the thema of Cephallenia theme Cephallenia , dates to circa ... theme Thrace and Cephallenia, while his successor George administered Longobardia jointly with its parent thema , Cephallenia. ref harvnb Pertusi 1952 p 180 ref A dedicated strategos is only attested ... more details
ref In a separate episode that is simply an aitiology aition explaining the name of Kefallinia Cephallenia ... . He was awarded with the island of Samos, which thereafter came to be known as Kefallinia Cephallenia . The people who lived on Cephallenia and nearby islands came to be known as Cephallenians. Cephalus ... more details
Infobox Former Subdivision native name lang grc , conventional long name Theme of Dyrrhachium common name Dyrrhachium continent Europe subdivision Theme country subdivision Theme nation the Byzantine Empire era Middle Ages capital Dyrrhachium image map Byzantine Greece ca 900 AD.svg image map caption Map of Byzantine Greece ca. 900 AD, with the themes and major settlements. life span 800s 1205 year start 800s event start year event1 1081 event1 Normans Norman occupation year event2 1084 event2 Byzantine recovery year end 1205 event end Surrendered to Republic of Venice Venetians The Theme of Dyrrhachium lang el was a Byzantine Empire Byzantine military civilian province thema theme located in modern Albania , covering the Adriatic coast of the country. It was established in the early 9th century and named after its capital, Dyrrhachium modern Durr s . History The exact date of the theme s establishment is unclear a strategos of Dyrrhachium is attested in the Taktikon Uspensky of circa 842, but several seals of strategoi dating from the previous decades survive. J.B. Bury proposed its creation alongside the themes of the Peloponnese theme Peloponnese and Cephallenia theme Cephallenia in the early 9th century, with the historian Jadran Ferluga putting the date of its establishment in the reign of Emperor Nikephoros I r. 802 811 . ref name DOAKS40 harvnb Nesbitt Oikonomides 1991 p 40 . ref ref name ODB harvnb Kazhdan 1991 p 668 . ref ref Harvnb Pertusi 1952 p 177 ref During the Byzantine Bulgarian Wars of the late 10th and early 11th centuries, the city seems to have been autonomous or at times under First Bulgarian Empire Bulgarian suzerainty . From the mid 11th century on, its governor held the title of dux doux or katepano . ref name DOAKS40 In 1040 1041, the troops of the theme, under their leader Tihomir, rebelled and joined the revolt of Peter Delyan . ref harvnb Stephenson 2000 p 130 . ref During the late 11th and the 12th ... more details
names of the islands, particularly in historical writing. Kefallonia is often spelled as Cephallenia ... and Byzantine rule main Cephallenia theme By the 4th century BC, most of the islands, were absorbed ... Byzantine rule, from the mid 8th century, they formed the thema theme of Cephallenia theme Cephallenia ... more details
Infobox Pref GR name Kefallinia name local image map Nomos Kefallinias.png periph Ionian Islands capital Argostoli population 42088 population as of 2005 pop rank 50th popdens rank 33rd area 904 area rank 49th postal code 28x xx area code 267x0 licence provinces 3 municip 8 commun 1 ISO GR 23 website http www.kefalonia.eu www.kefalonia.eu munic map Kefallinia muncipalities numbered.png The Cephalonia Prefecture lang el was a Prefectures of Greece prefecture in Greece , containing the Ionian islands of Cephalonia and Ithaca . In 2011 the prefectural self government was abolished and the territory is now covered by the regional units of Greece regional units of Cephalonia and Ithaca . Provinces It was previously divided into 3 eparchies provinces of Greece provinces , and one independent municipality, Ithaca Krani Province Argostoli Paliki Province Lixouri Sami Province Sami, Kefalonia Sami Municipalities The prefecture was divided into eight municipalities and one community Argostoli Eleios Pronnoi Erisos Ithaca Leivathos Paliki Pylaros Sami, Kefalonia Sami Omala, Greece Omala Community All of the preceding are on on the Cephalonia island, except Ithaca, which is on its own island of the same name. External links http www.kefalonia.eu Official website Prefectures of Greece coord 38.25 N 20.5 E region GR format dms display title Category Prefectures of Greece Category 1864 establishments in Greece ar bg de Kefallinia Pr fektur el eo Kefalonio kaj Itako fr C phalonie district r gional ko hr Prefektura Kefalonija i Itaka it Cefalonia prefettura ka la Cephallenia nomus Graeciae lt Kefalinijos nomas ja no Kefalonia og Ithaka nn Kefaloni prefektur ru sr sh Prefektura Kefalonija i Itaka uk war Kefalonia ngan Ithaka prefektura zh ... more details
Not to be confused with Achaean Greek , an alternative name for the Mycenaean Greek language and civilization. ref A companion to Homer By Alan John Bayard Wace, Frank H. Stubbings Page 317 ISBN 978 0 02 622200 6 1962 ref ref The dynamic society exploring the sources of global change By Graeme Donald Snooks Page 353 ISBN 0 415 13731 4 1996 ref see Achaeans Homer Achaeans Achaean Doric Greek may refer to Doric of Achaea The Doric Greek dialect spoken in Achaea in the NW Peloponnese, on the islands of Cephallenia and Zacynthus in the Ionian Sea and in the Achaean colonies of Magna Graecia in Southern Italy including Sybaris and Crotone . This strict Doric dialect was later subject to the influence of mild Doric spoken in Corinthia . It survived to 350 BC. ref Classification of the West Greek dialects at the time about 350 B.C. By Anton n Barton k Page 186 Publisher Amsterdam, Adolf M. Hakkert, 1972 ref According to Hesychius of Alexandria Hesychius Achaeans means the Greeks but foremost those inhabiting part of the Peloponnese, called Achaea ref S , 22 .. ref and gives these words under the ethnic Achaeans kairoteron lang grc . Greek en roteron earlier kairos time, en ros early cf. Horae kephalides lang grc for standard Greek korsai lang grc sideburns kephalides was also an alternative for epalxeis bastions in Greek proper sialis lang grc . Greek blennos cf. blennorrhea wikt slime slime , mud. Greek sialon or sielon saliva , modern Greek salio Achaean Doric Koine Achaean Doric Koin language Koine . The common dialect, used in the decrees of the Achaean League . In Arcadia it can be traced very easily because it differs considerably from the old non Doric Arcadian see Arcadocypriot Greek . In Achaea itself it helds its ground until the 1st century BC. The Achaean Doric Koine did not develo ... more details
Latin place names The Ancient Romans gave Latin names to every geographical entity in their vast empire, and many outside throughout the then known world while many of these names were based on pre existing autochthonous names, sometimes translating, more often just adapting to their tongue, especially the ending, other names were the result of a more invasive decision, especially in case of re founding for a colony of veterans. Users of Neo Latin have taken the Latin language to places the Rome Romans never went hence a need arose to make Latin names of islands that were not known to the Ancient Romans. Strategies for constructing Latin names See Latin names of cities Strategies for constructing Latin names companion article List of names class wikitable sortable Latin English , other name , older name , island chain region , state nation Aegina Aegina , Greece Aigina Insulis Aeolium? Aeolian Islands Amorgos Amorgos , Aegean Sea , Greece Andros Andros Anticosti Ile d Anticosti, Quebec Antikythera Antikythera , Kythera , Greece Antipoda Antipodes Astypalaea Astypalaia , Cyclades , Greece Insula Australis? South Island , New Zealand Baleares Roman name as a province ?Balearica Balearic Islands Insula Borealis? North Island , New Zealand Britannia Great Britain Caesarea Jersey Calymnus Kalymnos , Dodecanese , Aegean Sea , Greece Canaris Insula Canary Islands Carpathus Carpathos , Dodecanese , Greece Cassos Cassos , Dodecanese , Greece Cauda? Cauda Gauda Gaf v da , Greece Ceos, Keos Ceos , Cyclades , Aegean Sea , Greece Cephallenia Kefallinia , Cephallonia Corcyra Corfu , Ionian Islands Ionian , Greece Kerkyra Corsica Corsica Cos Kos , Dodecanese , Aegean Sea , Greece Creta Crete Kriti Krete Cuba Cuba Cyclades Ins. Cyclades Cyprus Cyprus Kypros Cynthos Cynthos , Cyclades , Aegean Sea , Greece Cythera Cythera , Kythera, Greece Delos Delos , Cyclades , Aegean Sea , Greece Dodecanesus Dodecanese , Greece Dominica Dominica Ebusus Ibiza Euboea Euboea , Greece Fionia Funen , ... more details
Other uses Epiphanes disambiguation Epiphanes is the legendary author of On Righteousness , ref Ephiphanes The Gnostic Society Library Mead 1880 232 235. ref a notable Gnosticism Gnostic literary work that promotes communist principles, that was published and discussed by Clement of Alexandria , in Stromata Stromaties, III . Epiphanes was also attributed with founding Monad Gnosticism Monadic Gnosis . ref Wace 1880 147 ref G.R.S. Mead however thinks that Epiphanes was a legend and may not have been an actual person, that the real author of On Righteousness may be the Valentinianism Valentinian , Marcus . According to Clement, Epiphanes was born on Cephalonia in the late 1st Century or early 2nd Century to Carpocrates his father , and Alexandria of Cephallenia his mother . Epiphanes died at the age of 17. Clement wrote that Epiphanes was worshipped as a god with the most elaborate and lascivious rites by the Cephallania Cephallenians , in the great temple of Sam , on the day of the new moon. ref name Mead Mead 1880 232 235 ref Mead discusses that the idea of temple worship is probably a misunderstanding, that Clement may have mistaken the worship of the moon god Epiphanes deity Epiphanes with a person of the same name. The Epiphany was a sun moon festival at the Sam temple. The new moon s life of 17 days in the lunar cycle may have been misunderstood as Epiphanes 17 years of life. ref Wace 1880 148. ref On the other hand, Vanderbilt Professor Kathy L. Gaca The Making of Fornication Eros, Ethics, and Political Reform in Greek Philosophy and Early Christianity, University of California Press, 2003 promotes a view of Epiphanes as one of the voices in early Christianity who held a positive and liberationist view of sexual pleasure, and who was among those like him who were ultimately silenced by the victorious sex negative leadership represented by Clement of Alexandria, Tatian, Ambrose, Jerome and Augustine. Another legend that Epiphanes led Monadic Gnosis, may have c ... more details
known as Kefalonia , Cephallenia , Cephallonia , Kefallinia , or Kefallonia Ancient Greek ... History Legend An aitiology aition explaining the name of Kefallinia Cephallenia and reinforcing its ... , which thereafter came to be known as Kefallinia Cephallenia . Cephalonia has also been suggested ... the Middle Ages , the island was the center of the Byzantine thema theme of Cephallenia theme Cephallenia ... 1st Century or early 2nd Century to Carpocrates his father , and Alexandria of Cephallenia. He is the legendary ... la Cephallenia lb Kephallonia lt Kefalinija nl Kefalonia ja no Kefallinia nn Kefaloni ... more details
otheruses Phormio gen. , the son of Asopius, was an Athens Athenian general and admiral before and during the Peloponnesian War . A talented naval commander, Phormio commanded at several famous Athenian victories in 428 BC, and was honored after his death with a statue on the acropolis and a state funeral. He is considered the first great admiral in history. Early commands Phormio first appears in the historical record in 440 BC, when he shared with Pericles , Hagnon , and others the command of the Athenian fleet in the later part of the Samian War . ref Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War , s History of the Peloponnesian War Book 1 1 117 1.117 ref In 432 BC, he commanded a force of 1600 hoplite s sent to assist in the Battle of Potidaea siege of Potidaea . Phormio led his men up slowly from the side of the city that the Athenians had not yet surrounded and constructed a counterwall to complete Potidaea s investment. ref Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War , s History of the Peloponnesian War Book 1 1 64 1.64 65 ref After Potidaea was firmly besieged, Phormio led his men in a successful campaign against Athens enemies in the Chalcidice , ref Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War , s History of the Peloponnesian War Book 1 1 65 1.65 ref and in the next year he again led an army attacking the Chalcidians, this time alongside Perdiccas , king of Macedon . ref Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War , s History of the Peloponnesian War Book 2 2 29 2.29 ref Naupactus In the winter of 429 8 BC, Phormio was sent out to the Corinthian Gulf as commander of a fleet of 20 trireme s establishing his base at Naupactus , Phormio instituted a blockade of Corinthian shipping. ref Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War , s History of the Peloponnesian War Book 2 2 69 2.69 ref In the summer of 429 BC, however, Sparta began preparing a sizable fleet and army to attack Athens allies in the region, hoping to overrun Acarnania on land, capture the islands of Zacynthus and Cephallenia , an ... more details
Timotheus died 354 BC was a Ancient Greece Greek statesman and general who sought to revive Athenian imperial ambitions by making Athens dominant in a second Athenian Empire. He was the son of the Athenian general, Conon . Isocrates considered that Timotheus was superior to the other commanders of his time and showed all the requisites and abilities of a good general. ref Isocrates. Antidosis , Section 117. ref Strategos From 378 BC to 356 BC, Timotheus frequently held command as strategos in the wars between Athens in alliance with Thebes, Greece Thebes , and Sparta . At this time, Athens ambition was to revive the Delian League and to regain command of the sea. In 375 BC, Timotheus was sent with a fleet to sail round Peloponnesos Peloponnesus by way of a demonstration of Athens power against Sparta . He persuaded Kefallinia Cephallenia to side with Athens and secured the friendship of the Acarnania ns and Molossians . In 373 BC Timotheus was appointed to the command of a fleet for the relief of Corfu Corcyra , then beleaguered by the Spartans. But his ships were not fully manned, and to increase their manpower he cruised in the Aegean Sea Aegean . The delay upset the Athenians, who brought him to trial but, thanks to the intervention of his allies Jason of Pherae Jason , tyrant of Pherae , and Alcetas of Epirus, King of the Molossians, both of whom went to Athens to plead his cause he was acquitted. In way of support, Amyntas III of Macedon Amyntas , King of Macedon, sent timber to Timeotheus house in the Piraeus. Upon his acquittal, he went to sea with his fleet and captured Corcyra and then defeated the Spartans at sea off Alyzia Acarnania . However, with little money to his name for he had used his own funds to build up the Athenian fleet he left Athens and took service with the king of Achaemenid Empire Persia as a mercenary. Asia Minor Having returned to Athens, in 366 BC he was sent to support Ariobarzanes of Phrygia Ariobarzanes , satrap of Phrygia . But, f ... more details
Infobox Military Conflict image caption conflict Battle of Rhium partof the Peloponnesian War date 429 BC place The mouth of the Corinthian Gulf , near present day Rio, Greece result Athens Athenian victory combatant1 Athens combatant2 Sparta , br Corinth , br and other members of the Peloponnesian League commander1 Phormio commander2 Machaon, br Isocrates, br Agatharchidas, and others strength1 20 trireme s strength2 47 triremes, some being used as transports casualties1 None casualties2 12 ships captured, with most of their crews Campaignbox Peloponnesian War The Battle of Rhium 429 BC or the battle of Chalcis was a naval battle in the Peloponnesian War between an Athens Athenian fleet commanded by Phormio and a Peloponnesian League Peloponnesian fleet composed of contingents from various states, each with its own commander. The battle came about when the Peloponnesian fleet, numbering 47 trireme s, attempted to cross over to the northern shore of the Gulf of Patras to attack Acarnania in support of an offensive in northwestern Greece Phormio s fleet attacked the Peloponnesians while they were making the crossing. In the battle, the Peloponnesian ships, hampered by the fact that many of them were equipped not as fighting vessels but as transports, circled together in a defensive posture. Phormio, taking advantage of his crews superior seamanship, sailed around the clustered Peloponnesians with his ships, driving the Peloponnesians closer and closer together until they began to foul oars and collide with each other. The Athenians then suddenly attacked, routing the Peloponnesians and capturing 12 ships. Prelude The summer of 429 BC was marked by a Peloponnesian League Peloponnesian offensive in the Greek northwest. The Sparta ns and their allies hoped to knock several Athenian allies such as Acarnania , Zacynthus , and Cephallenia out of the war, and if possible to capture the Athenian base at Naupactus . ref Unless otherwise noted, all details regarding the prelud ... more details
, Echinean Islands 2.631 Cephallenia ns 12 Odysseus known in Latin as Ulysses Homeric Ithaca Ithaca ... , Diores and Polyxeinus 40 ships 13. 2.625 Dulichium led by Meges 40 ships 14. 2.631 Cephallenia ... more details
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