For other uses, see Clique disambiguation Image Pre Raphaelite.jpg thumbnail right 250px Henry O Neil, The Pre Raphaelite , a satire on the Pre Raphaelites painted by Henry Nelson O Neil O Neil in 1857 The Clique was a group of English artists formed by Richard Dadd in the late 1830s. Other members were Augustus Egg , Alfred Elmore , William Powell Frith , Henry Nelson O Neil , John Phillip and Edward Matthew Ward . They have been described as the first group of British artists to combine for greater strength and to announce that the great backward looking tradition of the Academy was not relevant to the requirements of contemporary art . ref Greysmith, David, Richard Dadd The Rock and Castle of Seclusion , London, Studio Vistas, 1973, p.76 ref Foundation Information about the activities of The Clique derives mainly from the reminiscences of Frith and a short essay published in the Art Journal in 1898 by Gilbert Imray, a friend of the group. Both state that the group called themselves by this name at the time and that they formed a sketching club. Imray describes the aspirations of some members and explains that at their meetings they would all produce drawings on the same subject and ask non artists such as Imray to judge the merits of the works. ref Imray, J., A Reminiscence of Sixty Years Ago , Art Journal , 1898, p.202. ref They met together at the end of the 1830s and early ... . Ideas The Clique was characterised by their rejection of academic art academic high art in favour ... conformity to academic ideals. In the 1850s most members of The Clique became inveterate enemies ... a friend and supporter of William Holman Hunt . Portraits of members of The Clique were commissioned ... with similar ideas became known as the St. John s Wood Clique . References commons category reflist .... DEFAULTSORT Clique Category Artist groups and collectives Category British art es The Clique no The Clique ru sv The Clique ... more details
About social groups Wiktionary cliqueClique , in the social sciences, is a term used to describe a group ... . Crowds, on the other hand, are defined reputationally. Although the word clique or cliquey ... that clique structure characterizes many friendship networks within any given school, not all ... Crowds adolescence crowds foster cross sex close friendships, which begin to restructure the clique ... clique structure typically dissolves into associated sets of couples, which then remain the primary social unit into and throughout adulthood. ref name EEP Clique membership Common misconceptions ... in Heathers movies , 10 Things I Hate About You TV series television , and The Clique series young adult fiction , clique membership is almost equally prevalent in adolescent boys. Girls do, however ... activities most of which occurred before the formation of the clique common examples include basketball ... cliques may have gone unnoticed because they often appear less exclusive toward the non clique peer ... more often aspired to status and close bonds with only a few peers i.e. a clique . ref name EEP ..., unwelcoming clique members is well supported in some cases, but other cliques are more open to drifters ... ethnicity and socioeconomic status, clique membership is equally common across ethnicity and economic ... peer relationships, these individuals do not regularly interact with any clique members. Isolated ... membership in an individual clique isolates generally remain socially disengaged, liaisons remain equally consistent, and group members frequently switch from one clique to another, but typically remain ... of the clique. ref name change Clique membership becomes more stable across time, as well as more ... true of high status cliques and individuals, in which clique members must critically analyze .... ref name QBs Within clique structure Popularity A powerful, yet unstable social hierarchy structures interactions between Group Members in any given clique, always topped by the highest status member ... more details
Wiktionarypar clique A clique is a close social group. Clique or The Clique may also refer to Music The Clique Texas band , a late 1960s U.S. sunshine pop band from Houston, Texas The Clique 1960s UK band , UK, a 60 s mod band The Clique 1990s UK band , also from UK, but a 90 s band HaClique , a 1980s Israeli rock band from Tel Aviv Piccolo and marching drum bands at the Carnival of Basel are called Carnival of Basel Cliques Clique s Destinee & Paris , a girl group formerly known as Clique Girlz Military and politics Ruling clique in politics A number of military groups in China during the Warlord Era including Anhui clique Beiyang clique Fengtian clique Ma clique , also known as Xibei san ma Old Guangxi clique New Guangxi clique Shanxi clique Zhili clique A number of informal political groups in contemporary China including Tsinghua clique , a group of politicians that graduated from singhua University Shanghai clique Entertainment and the arts The Clique , a group of Victorian artists St John s Wood Clique a later group of Victorian artists The Clique series by Lisi Harrison The Clique novel The Clique novel , a novel in the series The Clique film The Clique film , based on the series Other Clique graph theory in graph theory or the related clique problem in computer science Clique professional wrestling , a famous 1990s group of professional wrestlers Ch teau Clique , a group of wealthy families in Lower Canada in the early 19th century See also Claque Click disambiguation disambig als Clique cs Klika de Clique eo Kliko fr Clique nl The Clique pl Klika ... more details
There are two articles about warlords in Guangxi province Old Guangxi clique , led by Lu Rongting New Guangxi clique , led by Li Zongren Disambig ja zh ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2009 The Anhui clique Zh c p W n X J n F was one of several mutually hostile clique s or factions that split from the Beiyang Clique in the Republic of China 1912 1949 Republic of China s Warlord era . It was named after Anhui province because several of its generals including its founder, Duan Qirui , was born in Anhui . It could be considered a legacy of Anhui native Li Hongzhang who created and built a network of officers during and after the Taiping Rebellion . Because the Anhui clique organized itself very early, it was more politically sophisticated than its warlord rivals. With Japanese support and the suppression of the Manchu Restoration , it became the most powerful faction in China from 1916 to 1920. They had an uneasy co existence with the Zhili clique and Fengtian clique in the Beiyang government . They advocated a hardline during the Constitutional Protection War . The May Fourth Movement weakened their influence and eventually led to the Zhili Anhui War in 1920 which saw the surprise defeat of the Anhui clique. Duan resigned and the clique lacked national leadership for the next four years when all their provinces were eventually gobbled up by the Zhili clique by the summer of 1924. Shandong was an anomaly, the Zhili clique appointed an Anhui general in 1923 there provided he remain neutral, see Shandong Problem . Zheng Shiqi ruled until 1925 when he transferred it to Fengtian s Zhang Zongchang per agreement with Duan. After the Beijing ... other. They removed him from power and his last followers joined the Fengtian clique. They also had ... clique, Xinjiang clique , and Shanxi clique . It dissolved after Zhili Anhui War when the Assembly was disbanded. Their financial wing was the New Communications Clique 1916 1919 led by Cao Rulin . It was the rival to Liang Shiyi s Communications Clique Old Communications Clique . Cao s conduct ... Era List of Warlords History of the Republic of China Warlord era DEFAULTSORT Anhui Clique Category ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2009 The Zhili clique Zh c p Zh L X J n F was one of several mutually hostile clique s or factions that split from the Beiyang Army Beiyang clique during the Republic of China 1912 1949 Republic of China s warlord era . This fragmentation followed the death of Yuan Shikai , who was the only person capable of keeping the Beiyang Army together. It was named for the general region of the clique s base of power, Zhili Province, now Hebei . Unlike other cliques, this one was formed by officers who felt discriminated against by Premier Duan Qirui in matters of appointment and promotions. They rallied around President Feng Guozhang who had to share power with Duan s dominant Anhui clique in the Beiyang government . Lacking strong bonds, they were more willing to abandon or betray one another. file Cao kun.jpg thumb Cao Kun lead the clique after Feng s death They advocated a softer line during the Constitutional Protection War . After Feng s natural death, leadership passed to Cao Kun . Cao was victorious in the Zhili Anhui War 1920 though the credit belongs to his chief lieutenant, Wu Peifu , the greatest strategist in China at the time. Relations with the Fengtian clique , which gave nominal assistance against Anhui, deteriorated and Wu again brought victory during the First Zhili Fengtian War 1922 . In the next two years, the Zhili clique scored successive victories which led to Cao Kun s ascendency to the President of the Republic of China presidency via bribery. Cao s ambition brought all of his enemies against him and created dissension within the clique. Zhili would have won the Second Zhili Fengtian War 1924 and eventually reunite all ... alliance with their former Fengtian enemies but were defeated entirely. The Zhili clique was the only ... Clique s stranglehold over the railways but found the Communists to be a greater threat and put ... Era List of Warlords History of the Republic of China Warlord era DEFAULTSORT Zhili Clique ... more details
Image Clique sum.svg thumb 300px A clique sum of two planar graphs and the Wagner graph, forming a K sub 5 sub free graph. In graph theory , a branch of mathematics, a clique sum is a way of combining two graphs by gluing them together at a clique graph theory clique , analogous to the connected sum operation in topology . If two graphs G and H each contain cliques of equal size, the clique sum of G ... in these two cliques to form a single shared clique, and then possibly deleting some of the clique edges. A k clique sum is a clique sum in which both cliques have at most k vertices. One may also form clique sums and k clique sums of more than two graphs, by repeated application of the two graph clique sum operation. Related concepts Clique sums have a close connection with treewidth If two graphs have treewidth at most k , so does their k clique sum. Every tree graph theory tree is the 1 clique ... two, may be formed as a 2 clique sum of triangles. The same type of result extends to larger values of k every graph with treewidth at most k may be formed as a clique sum of graphs with at most k 1 vertices this is necessarily a k clique sum. ref name l harvtxt Lov sz 2006 . ref There is also a close connection between clique sums and graph connectivity if a graph is not k vertex ... of which disconnects the graph then it may be represented as a k clique sum of smaller graphs. For instance, the SPQR tree of a biconnected graph is a representation of the graph as a 2 clique sum of its triconnected component s. Application in graph structure theory Clique sums are important in graph ... formed by clique sums of simpler graphs. The first result of this type ref As credited by harvtxt K Thomas 1990 , who list several additional clique sum based characterizations of graph families. ref ... complete graph as a minor graph theory minor are the 3 clique sums of planar graphs with the eight ... graph s are exactly the graphs that can be formed by clique sums of cliques without deleting ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A ruling clique is a group of people who jointly rule an oligarchy oligarchic form of government . Ruling cliques generally differ from another type of oligarchy a military junta . Military juntas are always ruled by military personnel often high ranking like general . A ruling clique can include people from various professions. The ruling elite s who comprise the leadership tend to form a council, political party , or another form of an organized group. The high ranking members share a rough balance of power although sometimes one or more members seek to increase their power at the expense of others or some of them may attempt to transform the system into an autocracy or make it more democratic . Some ruling cliques could be considered a form of aristocracy while others are based on a very small circle of rulers rather than a broader based organization such as a political party. In some cases, the entire ruling clique is composed of a council of leaders who are the only members of the clique. DEFAULTSORT Ruling Clique Category Government Poli stub es lite gobernante ... more details
File La Clique show logo.jpg thumb right La Clique logo La Clique was an award winning cabaret variety show with Australian roots first conceived for the 2004 edition of The Edinburgh Festival Fringe . It was originally performed in a Spiegeltent with a small circular stage at fringe festival s, but since 2008 it was also performed for extended periods in permanent theaters keeping the same characteristic stage. The show was created by Brett Haylock and David Bates ref Arratoon, Liz 26 November 2009 . http www.thestage.co.uk reviews review.php 26334 la clique La Clique . The Stage . ref and Haylock acted as its Creative Director and Producer. ref http www.telegraph.co.uk culture culturepicturegalleries 6516411 La Clique the performers.html?image 3 Brett Haylock La Clique the performers The Telegraph . ref In September 2010, Haylock and the cast of La Clique announced they will be performing ... E8831283789681 La Clique Cast Return for South Bank Xmas Soiree.html La Clique Cast Return for South ... 27 August 2004 . http www.bbc.co.uk dna collective A2948321 La Clique c est chic . BBC . ref Brighton ... 2005 . http www.theage.com.au news arts reviews la clique a sideshow burlesque 2005 10 17 1129401192007.html La Clique a Sideshow Burlesque . The Age . ref Adelaide Fringe Festival , Australia March ..., Lauren 19 August 2008 . http www.bbc.co.uk cultureshow videos 2008 08 edinb s5 e2 clique index.shtml La Clique . BBC s The Culture Show . ref Dublin Fringe Festival , Ireland September 2008 Hippodrome ... article6942522.ece La Clique at The Roundhouse NW1 . The Sunday Times . ref ref Gardner, Lyn 13 October 2008 http www.guardian.co.uk stage 2008 oct 13 theatre La Clique . The Guardian . ref http www.showzam.co.uk whatson la clique Showzam Festival of Circus, Magic and New Variety , Blackpool, United ... October 2010 External links http www.lacliquelondon.com La Clique English website References references OlivierAward Entertainment 2001 2025 DEFAULTSORT Clique, la Category Cabaret Category Circuses ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2007 The Clique du Ch teau or Ch teau Clique was a group of wealthy families in Lower Canada in the early 19th century. They were the Lower Canadian equivalent of the Family Compact in Upper Canada . They were known on the electoral scene as the Parti bureaucrate Bureaucratic Party, also known as the British Party or the Tory Party . Like the Family Compact, the Ch teau Clique gained most of its influence after the War of 1812 . Most of the families in the Clique were United Kingdom British merchants, although some were French Canadian seigneurial system of New France seigneur s who felt that their own interests were best served by an affiliation with this group. Some of the most prominent members were brewer John Molson and James McGill , founder of McGill University . Generally, they wanted the French Canadian majority of Lower Canada to assimilate to English culture. This included the abolition of the Seigneurial system of New France seigneurial system , replacing French Civil law legal system civil law with British common law , and replacing the established Roman Catholicism Roman Catholic Church with the Anglican Church . Their efforts led to the Act of Union 1840 , which ultimately failed to Cultural assimilation assimilate all French Canadians but succeeded in preventing their political and economic interests from prevailing over those of Britain ... was always an appointed British nobleman, and he appointed members of the Clique as his advisers. The Clique was also able to establish itself in the Legislative Council, leaving the Legislative ... Clique. His struggles against the Clique and the Lieutenant Governor, Archibald Acheson, 2nd Earl ... Canada were united as the Province of Canada , but the Ch teau Clique did not disappear like ... Chateau Clique Category Political parties in Lower Canada Category Lower Canada Rebellion Category Political history of Quebec fr Clique du Ch teau ru ... more details
The Communications Clique pinyin jiaotongxi was a powerful interest group of politicians, bureaucrats, technocrats, businessmen, engineers, and labour unionists in China s Beiyang government 1912 1928 . It is also known as the Cantonese Clique because many of its leaders hailed from Guangdong . They were named after the Ministry of Posts and Communications which was responsible for railways, postal delivery, shipping, and telephones as well as the Bank of Communications . This ministry earned five times more revenue for the government than all the other ministries combined. The clique was founded by Tang Shaoyi but it was led by Liang Shiyi throughout most of its existence. They were instrumental in the rise of Yuan Shikai in the late Qing dynasty Qing and History of the Republic of China early republican period . Because they were Yuan s biggest supporters of his attempt to restore the monarchy, their leaders were forced to flee the country when President Li Yuanhong ordered their arrest. In their absence, the New Communications Clique 1916 1919 was formed by Cao Rulin . President Feng Guozhang vacated these arrest warrants in early 1918, allowing Liang and Zhou Ziqi to return. Within a few months, the old clique became powerful enough to run as a quasi political party in the National Assembly of the Republic of China National Assembly on a platform of modernization. It was a distant second compared to Duan Qirui s Anfu Club . Together with the Research Clique , they used ... to his downfall and the collapse of this rival new clique. Liang became Premier of the Republic of China ... President of the Republic of China . Zhou left politics after complaining of Zhili Clique domination. The clique was dissolved during the Northern Expedition . What they once controlled was given to powerful Kuomintang Nationalist businessmen like T.V. Soong and H.H. Kung . The clique supported ... against local Warlord era warlords . They were friendly to the Fengtian clique half of the country ... more details
The Shanxi clique Chinese language Chinese was one of several military factions that split off from the Beiyang Army during China s warlord era . Though a close associate of Duan Qirui , Shanxi s military governor, Yan Xishan , did not join Duan s Anhui clique . He kept his province neutral from the various civil wars the nation was facing. He would fight troops from other cliques if they encroached the provincial boundaries. In 1927, faced with the overwhelming forces of the National Revolutionary Army , the Fengtian clique issued an ultimatum to Yan to join their side. Yan joined the NRA instead and drove Fengtian armies from Beijing . As a reward, the Kuomintang allowed the Shanxi clique to expand all the way to the sea at Hebei , Shandong ref cite book title Modern China an encyclopedia of history, culture, and nationalism author Ke wen Wang year 1998 publisher Taylor & Francis pages 399 isbn 9780815307204 ref . Displeased with the dictatorship of Chiang Kaishek , the Shanxi clique together with several other cliques launched the Central Plains War but was defeated. The clique was significantly weakened by the Second Sino Japanese War Japanese invasion which occupied most of their base province. After the war, Yan was unable to defend his province which fell to the Communists in 1949. See also Warlord era Warlord Era List of warlords and military cliques in the Warlord Era List of Warlords History of the Republic of China References Reflist Warlord era DEFAULTSORT Shanxi Clique Category Warlord cliques in Republican China ja zh ... more details
Infobox single Name Down with the Clique Cover AALIYAHDownWithTheCliqueCD.jpg Artist Aaliyah from Album Age Ain t Nothing but a Number Released May 1, 1995 flagicon UK Format CD single , 12 inch single , cassette single Recorded 1994 Chicago Recording Company br small Chicago , Illinois small Genre Contemporary R&B R&B , Hip hop music hip hop , reggae fusion Length 3 24 Label Blackground Records Blackground Jive Records Jive Writer R. Kelly Producer R. Kelly NoReviews Misc Extra chronology Artist Aaliyah Europe Asia singles Type single Last single Age Ain t Nothing but a Number song Age Ain t Nothing but a Number br 1994 This single Down with the Clique br 1995 Next single The Thing I Like br 1995 Extra track listing Album Age Ain t Nothing But a Number Type single prev track Age Ain t Nothing but a Number song Age Ain t Nothing but a Number prev no 4 this track Down with the Clique track no 5 next track At Your Best You Are Love next no 6 Down with the Clique is a song written and produced by R. Kelly for contemporary R&B R&B singer Aaliyah s debut album Age Ain t Nothing but a Number . It is the fourth official single in the United Kingdom from the album. Released 1995 in music in 1995 , the single, which also features Kelly, peaked at number thirty three on the UK Singles Chart . The song was the fourth UK Top 40 single for Aaliyah. History Song information In Down with the Clique , Aaliyah and R. Kelly address those who are part of or who admire their clique . In the song s context, down means in favor of, playing off the contemporary phrase, You down to play ball, go to the movies, etc. ? The song was originally titled Who s In Her Clique which replacing Who s in her clique? with If you down with the clique let me hear you say..I m down with it . Due to the controversy ... Aaliyah songs Category Songs written by R. Kelly hu Down with the Clique pl Down with the Clique sv Down with the Clique ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2008 Image Flag of Manchuria autonomists 1922 .svg thumb Flag of Fengtian clique Until December 1928 The Fengtian Clique zh c p F ng X was one of several mutually hostile clique s or factions that split from the Beiyang Army Beiyang Clique in the Republic of China 1912 1949 Republic of China s warlord era . It was named for Fengtian Province now Liaoning and led by Zhang Zuolin . The Fengtian clique participated in conflicts with the Zhili clique for control of Beijing the First Zhili Fengtian War 1922 and the Second Zhili Fengtian War 1924 . The power of the Fengtian Clique began to decrease in the midst of the Kuomintang s Northern Expedition 1926 1927 Northern Expedition . While retreating North Zhang Zuolin s Japanese sponsors blew up his Train killing him. After the assassination of Zhang Zuolin in 1928 by the Japanese, his son, Zhang Xueliang took over the leadership of the clique. Zhang Xueliang then went on to pledge himself and his army to Chiang Kai Shek . The Fengtian Army The Fentian Army was named after the home province of its leader Zhang Zuolin, which was Fengtian , called Liaoning today. The army of Zhang Zuolin was one of the most modern of the Chinese warlord armies, employing technology that many Chinese warlords did not have. This technology included the Renault FT 17 tank and even a large airforce of around 100 aircraft including Breguet 14 light Bombers and Breguet Type 15 fighters. The Airforce of the Fengtian Clique were commanded by Zhang Zuolin s son, Zhang Xueliang who had, while in Japan, taken a great interest in Military Aviation. Along with these more modern units, Zhang Zuolins army was not too different with other Warlord armies of the time including Dare to Die units which were virtual suicide squads, one unit of Zhang s army lost 5,000 men in one attack. Alongside these Chinese troops, the Fengtian army employed many White Movement White Russian volunteers in its army, one unit of White Russians ... more details
File Brute force Clique algorithm.svg thumb 240px The Brute force search brute force algorithm finds a 4 clique in this 7 vertex graph the complement of the 7 vertex path graph by systematically checking all Combination C 7,4 35 4 vertex subgraphs for completeness. In computer science , the clique problem ... theory Subgraphs subgraphs clique graph theory clique s in a Graph mathematics graph , i.e., sets of elements where each pair of elements is connected. For example, the maximum clique problem ... about the clique problem is devoted to identifying special types of graph that admit more efficient ... of computation. ref name bbpp Along with its applications in social networks, the clique problem ..., see clique graph theory . ref Clique problems include finding the maximum clique a clique with the largest number of vertices , finding a maximum weight clique in a weighted graph, listing all maximal clique s cliques that cannot be enlarged solving the decision problem of testing whether a graph contains a clique larger than a given size. These problems are all hard the clique decision ... clique is both parameterized complexity fixed parameter intractable and hardness of approximation ... Szekeres 1935 . ref the term clique and the problem of algorithmically listing cliques both come from the social sciences, where complete subgraphs are used to model clique social cliques , groups of people who all know each other. The clique terminology comes from harvtxt Luce Perry 1949 , and the first algorithm for solving the clique problem is that of harvtxt Harary Ross 1957 , ref name bbpp ... have devised algorithms for various versions of the clique problem. ref name bbpp In the 1970s, researchers ..., harvtxt Tarjan Trojanowski 1977 , an early work on the worst case complexity of the maximum clique ... began finding mathematical justification for the perceived difficulty of the clique problem ... accurately and efficiently. Definitions Main Clique graph theory File 6n graf clique.svg thumb The graph ... more details
Whitney complex redirects here. For the Mississippi sports facility, see Davey Whitney Complex . Clique ... objects in graph theory and geometric topology that each describe the Clique graph theory cliques complete subgraphs of an undirected graph . Clique complex The clique complex X G of an undirected ... subset of a clique is itself a clique, so this family of sets meets the requirement of an abstract ... harvtxt Bandelt Chepoi 2008 . ref Clique complexes are also known as Whitney complexes . A Triangulation ..., and is homeomorphism homeomorphic to the underlying manifold. A graph G has a 2 manifold clique ... The independence complex I G of a graph G is formed in the same way as the clique complex from the independent set s of G . It is the clique complex of the complement graph of G . Flag complex In an abstract ... simplices that is, it is a complex satisfying Gromov s no condition. Any flag complex is the clique complex of its 1 skeleton. Thus, flag complexes and clique complexes are essentially the same ... other than a graph, rather than indirectly as the clique complex of a graph derived from that data ... in the same hyperedge. A hypergraph is said to be conformal if every maximal clique of its primal graph is a hyperedge, or equivalently, if every clique of its primal graph is contained in some hyperedge ... as the clique complex of the comparability graph of the partial order. ref name davis The matching ... of sets satisfies the no condition. It may be viewed as the clique complex of the complement ... bipartite graph K sub m , n sub is known as a chessboard complex . It is the clique graph ... manifold . The Vietoris Rips complex of a set of points in a metric space is a special case of a clique complex, formed from the unit disk graph of the points however, every clique complex X G may ... for every clique of the underlying graph Notes reflist 2 References citation last1 Bandelt first1 H ... clique graphs url http xamanek.izt.uam.mx map papers cuello10 DM.ps volume 258 year 2002 ... more details
In graph theory , the clique width of a graph math G math is the minimum number of labels needed to construct math G math by means of the following 4 operations Creation of a new vertex v with label i noted i v Disjoint union of two labeled graphs G and H denoted math G oplus H math Joining by an edge every vertex labeled i to every vertex labeled j denoted n i,j Renaming label i to label j denoted p i , j Cograph s are exactly the graphs with clique width at most 2 harv Courcelle Olariu 2000 every distance hereditary graph has clique width at most 3 harv Golumbic Rotics 2000 . Many optimization problems that are NP hard for more general classes of graphs may be solved efficiently by dynamic programming on graphs of bounded clique width harvnb Cogis Thierry 2005 harvnb Courcelle Makowsky Rotics 2000 . The theory of graphs of bounded clique width resembles that for graphs of bounded treewidth , but unlike treewidth allows for dense graph s. References citation last1 Cogis first1 O. last2 Thierry first2 E. title Computing maximum stable sets for distance hereditary graphs journal Discrete Optimization volume 2 issue 2 year 2005 pages 185 188 mr 2155518 doi 10.1016 j.disopt.2005.03.004 . citation last1 Courcelle first1 B. last2 Makowsky first2 J. A. last3 Rotics first3 U. title Linear time solvable optimization problems on graphs on bounded clique width journal Theory of Computing Systems volume 33 issue 2 year 2000 pages 125 150 doi 10.1007 s002249910009 . citation last1 Courcelle first1 B. last2 Olariu first2 S. title Upper bounds to the clique width of graphs journal Discrete Applied Mathematics volume 101 issue 1 3 year 2000 pages 77 144 doi 10.1016 S0166 218X 99 00184 5 . citation last1 Golumbic first1 Martin Charles authorlink Martin Charles Golumbic last2 Rotics first2 Udi title On the clique width of some perfect graph classes journal International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science volume 11 issue 3 year 2000 pages 423 443 mr 1792124 doi 10.1142 S0129054100000260 ... more details
Use dmy dates date March 2012 Chinese s t p Sh ngh i b ng The Shanghai clique or Shanghai faction is the name given to an informal group of officials in the Communist Party of China , especially those who serve in the central government of the People s Republic of China or the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China , who rose to prominence in connection to the Shanghai municipal administration under former CPC General secretary, President Jiang Zemin . It also includes other former subordinates of Jiang. This popular phrase was used somewhat pejoratively to describe Jiang s efforts to promote people who previously worked, or were associated with, his administration in Shanghai. Membership Important people who have been identified as belonging to the clique include incumbent Politburo Standing Committee standing members of the powerful Politburo of the Communist Party of China Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China CPC Central Committee . Jiang Zemin Wu Bangguo Jia Qinglin Zeng Qinghong Wu Guanzheng Li Changchun Liu Qi Communist Liu Qi Zeng Peiyan Zhang Dejiang Zhou Yongkang Hui Liangyu Hua Jianmin ..., Huang Ju was also a key member of the clique. General Secretary of the Communist Party of China ... of the People s Republic of China Premier Wen Jiabao are not members of the clique. Upon Jiang s retirement ... Clique. Wen s macro economics macro economic measures aimed at slowing down infrastructure ... members of this clique. However, as Jiang has now retired from all of his positions at the 4th Plenary ... paramount leader of the CPC. There are signs of important members of the Shanghai Clique defecting ... 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China Qinghua clique References reflist colwidth 30em CPC Factions DEFAULTSORT Shanghai Clique Category Politics of the People s Republic of China Category History of Shanghai fr Clique de Shanghai ko ja no Shanghaiklikken ru ... more details
Infobox musical artist name Clique Girlz image Clique girlz cropped.jpg caption The group onstage in 2008 ... Destinee & Paris Clique Girlz were an United States American girl group consisting of sisters Destinee and Paris Monroe and Ariel Moore. The group split up in 2009. Biography 2004&ndash 2007 as Clique .... ref name ABCNews cite web url http abcnews.go.com Video playerIndex?id 6364026 title Meet the Clique ... music 20080812093654&sec music The Clique Girlz are poised for tween stardom . The Star Malaysia The Star ... Clique before they were signed , with the Monroes mother, Lenore, as their manager. The group recorded ... talks with The Clique Girls . exploreli.com. Retrieved on July 23, 2009. ref They opened for other ... Girls . 2007 2009 Incredible Image Clique Girlz on the SuperGirl Stage at the US Open of Surf.jpg ... to Clique Girlz because there was already a group called Clique . On March 28, 2008, they went ... Clique Girlz album Incredible , was released August 27, 2008 in Japan. ref name incrediblejapan http www.universal music.co.jp u pop artist clique girlz uics9093.html Album info at www.universal ... www.nbcphiladelphia.com station 10 The Clique Girlz Perform Their New Single Philadelphia.html Clique ... default&clipId 2602934 Clique Girlz live ref An acoustic version of their song Incredible was included ... run with the Clique Girlz, Ariel Moore has decided to leave the group and their management publisher ... Are you INCREDIBLE? The Clique Girlz will be holding auditions this Saturday in Burbank, CA publisher .... 2010 present Destinee & Paris The Clique Girlz disbanded in 2009. In 2010, Destinee and Paris Monroe ... watch?v 99QEDkrWIOU Clique Girlz Filmz video ref born January 9, 1996 from Egg Harbor Township ... 02 1444 66 index.xml Clique Girlz just wanna have fun , Metro Boston , July 2, 2008. Accessed 2008 07 03. It s not easy to get Clique Girlz to sit down for an interview. So says their stage mom, as the three .... ref name kol http kids.aol.com KOL 2 music article the clique girlz interview The Clique Girlz ... more details
The CC Clique , or Central Club Clique was one of the political factions within the Kuomintang The Chinese Nationalist Party , in the Republic of China . It was led by the brothers Chen Guofu and Chen Lifu , friends of Chiang Kai shek . Chen Lifu and his older brother Chen Guofu were nephews of Chen Qimei , who until his assassination by the Chinese warlord Yuan Shih kai in 1916 was the mentor of upcoming Nationalist leader Chiang Kai shek. Because of those personal ties, the Chen brothers came to direct the organizational operations of the Chiang dominated KMT, founding their own political organization known as the CC Clique. Considered to be the extreme right of the Kuomintang along side the Blue Shirts Society, the CC Clique represented traditionalists, zealous anti Communist, anti Japanese and the landlord interest. They stood closest to Generalissimo Chiang Kai shek, controlling appointments and promotions, and held the largest block of votes in the Central Executive Committee. Chen Li fu was considered the party boss. Its members included many of the elite within the party, including such people as Chiang Kai shek s wife Soong Mei ling and H.H. Kung . They dominated intelligence, trade, banking, the military, education, and propaganda. The CC Clique placed loyal followers throughout the party and the government machinery, ensuring a dominating influence in the bureaucracy, educational agencies, youth organization and labor unions. The brothers also controlled the KMT s Central Bureau of Investigation and Statistics , one of Chiang s two main secret police bodies. Notable members Wang Tseng shan, a Hui people Chinese Muslim , was the KMT commissioner of Civil Affairs in the Xinjiang Coalition Government from 1946 47, and was associated with the CC Clique. The Uyghur people Uyghur Masud Sabri was also a CC Clique member, as was the Chinese Tatars Tatar Burhan Shahidi and the KMT general and Han Chinese Wu Zhongxin . ref cite book url http books.google.com books?id ... more details
File Statue Sichuan Army.jpg thumb right 250px The statue of Sichuan clique, which is located in People s Park, Chengdu Sichuan clique was a group of warlords in the warlord era in China . During the period from 1927 1938, Sichuan was in the hands of five warlords Liu Xiang warlord Liu Xiang , Yang Sen 1884 1977 Yang Sen , Liu Wenhui , Deng Xihou , and Tian Songyao . Introduction No one warlord had enough power to take on all the others at once, so many small battles occurred, pitting one warlord against another. Large conflicts seldom developed, plotting and skirmishing characterized the Sichuanese political scene, and ephemeral coalitions and counter coalitions emerged and vanished with equal rapidity. However, Liu Xiang was the most influential of the Sichuan warlords. He controlled Chongqing and its surrounding areas. This region, sitting on the banks of the Yangtze river, was rich because of trade with provinces down river and therefore controlled much of the economic activity in Sichuan. From this position of strength, between 1930 and 1932 General Liu Wenhui and Liu Xiang improved their forces, organizing a small airforce and an armored car force. In 1935, Liu Xiang ousted, his uncle and rival warlord, Liu Wenhui, becoming Chairman of the Government of Sichuan Province with the support of Chiang Kai Shek . World War II In the Second Sino Japanese War , the Sichuan clique made a huge contribution to oppose the Japanese army. Data shows all numbers of dead or injured soldiers totally 3.26 millions , including 2.24 millions from Sichuan clique. Especially, from 1939 to 1945, the death numbers of soldiers has 646,000 from Sichuan within a total 850,000 ref cite web last ... 170,000 soldiers from Sichuan clique fell in battle, with only 2,000 managing to retreat to Hubei Province ... Jiayu , Wang Mingzhang and Rao Guohua were commanders from the Sichuan clique. Memento On August 15 ... Warlord era DEFAULTSORT Sichuan Clique Category Warlord cliques in Republican China China hist ... more details
Notability date September 2010 Image S heart.png thumb 100px right Sonik Clique aka Sonic or Sonik is a Finland Finnish demogroup with members from Sweden, Denmark, UK and Greece. ref name scenery The group was founded under its original name Sonic in October 1990 by Stargazer and Tomy, and was active during the mid 1990s but still releases productions occasionally. The group members nowadays work mostly on advertising, games and IT. Releases Sonik Clique is mostly remembered for their chiptune chip music disk collection Fish & Chips , which featured some well known tracks, ref name st00 chipmods and the success in the Amiga intro competition at Assembly demo party Assembly in 1995 and 1996. ref name asm compo With the exception of the first releases 1990 1992 almost all Sonik Clique productions featured a strong art direction with audio visual synchronization similar to that of an MTV music video , combined with a degree of typography typographic design elements commonly used in advertisment advertising . ref name blur youtube While most of the groups releases were for the Amiga , the group also had an active DOS PC section, and in more recent years a transition to new media platforms, like Java applet Java and mobile device mobile handheld . ref name formfunk youtube Sonik Clique was also featured in the book Demoscene the Art of Real Time . ref name taort References Reflist refs ref name scenery Cite web url http www.textfiles.com artscene history scenery scenery title Lunder, G The Scenery Project , Sonic Sonik Clique 2002 ref ref name st00 chipmods Cite web url http www.mono211.com st 00 chip.html title st 00 .MODs In Memorium , Classic chip .MODs 2004 ref ref name asm compo Cite web url http en.wikipedia.org wiki Assembly demo party Demo and intro competition winners ... watch?v 8rJL 5C8i0A title YouTube Blur by Sonik Clique , Assembly 1995 ref ref name formfunk ... Sonik Clique , Assembly 2005 ref ref name taort Cite web url http www.evenlakestudios.com title ... more details
update date November 2010 The term Qinghua Tsinghua clique refers to a group of Politics of the People s Republic of China Communist Chinese politicians that have graduated from Tsinghua University zh s p Tsinghua Q nghu D xu . They are members of the fourth generation of Chinese leadership , and are purported to hold hesitantly pro democracy democratic or reformist ideas a number have studied in the United States following graduation from Tsinghua, and some are said to be influenced by the reform ideals of Hu Yaobang . In the PRC, their ascendance to power is likely to begin in 2008 at the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China CPC . Tsinghua graduates who have political prominence are disproportionately greater in number than graduates of other famous universities. Among the nine standing committees at the Politburo of the Communist Party of China Politburo , there are four Tsinghua graduates among the 24 Politburo committee members, there are five and of all the leaders of the party and the country , there are 10. Key figures are reported to include Hu Jintao Wu Bangguo , although he is generally considered more loyal to Jiang Zemin s Shanghai clique Lin Wenyi , chairman of the Taiwan Democratic Self Government League Liu Yandong Xi Jinping . Retired or deceased Zhou Guangzhao Zheng Tianxiang Luo Longji Fei Xiaotong Chien Wei zang Qian Weichang Peng Peiyun Kang Shien Wu Guanzheng Hu Qili Huang Ju Yao Yilin Song Ping Zhu Rongji Hu Qiaomu Li Ximing Wang Hanbin . The Tsinghua clique also referred to a group of Kuomintang Nationalist Chinese politicians who held high power in the Republic of China government and fled to Taiwan with the government during ... Jialun Hu Shi Sun Li jen . See also Shanghai clique Generations of Chinese leadership Tuanpai References ... , 29 December 2005 Use dmy dates date October 2010 CPC Factions DEFAULTSORT Qinghua Clique Category ... Tsinghua University alumni Category Qinghua clique no Tsinghuaklikken ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2009 The Yunnan Clique Zh c p Di n X was one of several mutually hostile clique s or factions that split from the Beiyang Government in the Republic of China 1912 1949 Republic of China s warlord era . It was named for Yunnan Province. Cai E is regarded as the founder of the clique when at the request of Liang Qichao in 1915, he declared Yunnan s opposition to Empire of China 1915 1916 Yuan Shikai s monarchy . Cai died from natural causes shortly after the successful National Protection War . His chief lieutenant, Tang Jiyao , took over Yunnan and demanded that the National Assembly of the Republic of China National Assembly be restored. When this was accomplished, Yunnan officially reunified with the national government but kept its provincial army separate due to the Beiyang Army s grip in Beijing politics. After the second dissolution of the National Assembly, the Manchu Restoration debacle, and the complete domination of the central government by the Beiyang generals, Yunnan joined several other southern provinces in forming a rival government in Guangzhou during the Constitutional Protection Movement . Tang Jiyao was chosen as one of the seven executives of its ruling committee. Within the committee, there was a power struggle between Sun Yatsen s supporters and the Old Guangxi clique . Tang sided with Sun and helped in the expulsion of the Guangxi executives. In 1921, he was ousted by Gu Pinzhen , whose rule was recognized by Sun. The following year, Gu s army defected back to Tang. Tang sided with Sun again during Chen Jiongming s betrayal. Less than a week after Sun died in 1925, Tang claimed to be his rightful successor and made a move on Guangzhou in a bid to overthrow Hu Hanmin and put himself in charge of the Kuomintang. His forces ... s China Public Interest Party as its vice premier. In 1927, Long Yun seized control of the clique Tang ... cliques in the Warlord Era List of Warlords Warlord era DEFAULTSORT Yunnan Clique Category ... more details
Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians name 116 Clique image 116cliquewiki.JPG caption 116 Clique on the Don t Waste Your Life Tour 2009 background group or band alias origin Dallas ... w Json notable instruments The 116 Clique pronounced one one six click is a Hip Hop and Christian Rap ... and several who are signed to other labels. ref cite web url http www.jpop.com 116 Clique title 116 Clique publisher JPop.com date accessdate 2011 09 16 ref The 116 Clique is named after the Bible verse ... one sixteen clique artist.jhtml title 116 Clique & 124 Music Videos, Songs, News, Photos, and Lyrics ... www.rapzilla.com rz news 38 3278 title 116 Clique Man Up Cover & Release Date Revealed Updated publisher ... web url http www.billboard.com artist 116 clique 874806 artist 116 clique bio 874806 title 116 Clique ... 116 Clique The Compilation Album title The Compilation Album 116 Clique Listen and discover music ... First remix album small small Released July 6, 2006 ref cite web url http www.last.fm music 116 Clique ... Clique Discover music at publisher Last.fm date 2009 02 11 accessdate 2011 09 16 ref small small Label ... albumdetail.php?album id 678 title 13 Letters by 116 Clique & 124 CD Reviews And Information publisher ... text align center 10 ref name billboard.com cite web url http www.billboard.com artist 116 clique 874806 artist 116 clique chart history 874806?f 323&g Albums title 116 Clique Music News & Info publisher ... artist 116 clique 874806 artist 116 clique chart history 874806?f 310&g Albums title 116 Clique Music News & Info publisher Billboard.com date accessdate 2011 09 16 ref 2007 Amped 116 Clique album Amped small Third compilation album small small Released August 28, 2007 ref cite web url http www.newreleasetuesday.com albumdetail.php?album id 3802 title Amped by 116 Clique & 124 CD ... news cover revealed for 116 clique new album man up dropping September 27th dead link date ... denotes releases that did not chart. Singles Man Up Anthem Music Videos 116 clique video Man Up ... more details
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