k o l jot , the name of a village at La Push. Phonology The Chimakuanlanguages have phonemic inventories similar to other languages of the Mosan sprachbund, with three vowels, ejective consonant s, uvular consonant s, and lateral affricate s. However, both languages have typological oddities Chemakum had no simple velar consonant s, and Quileute has no nasal stop nasal consonants . Proto Chimakuan The pre Proto Chimakuan sound system contained three vowels, long and short, and lexical stress ...Infobox language family name Chimakuan region Olympic Peninsula , Washington U.S. state Washington familycolor American family Chimakuan child1 Chemakum language Chemakum child2 Quileute language Quileute map Chimakuan langs.png mapcaption Pre contact distribution of Chimakuanlanguages The Chimakuan language family consists of two languages spoken in northwestern Washington U.S. state Washington , USA on the Olympic Peninsula . It is part of the Mosan languages Mosan sprachbund , and one of its languages is famous for having no nasal stop nasal consonants . The two languages were about as close as English and German language German . Family division Chemakum language Chemakum also known as Chimakum or Chimacum Quileute language Quileute also known as Quillayute Chemakum is now Extinct language ... IPA j align center IPA w In Proto Chimakuan the series IPA t t occurred ... . Quileute . New York Columbia University Press. Extract from Handbook of American Indian Languages ... language. American Anthropologist , 5 , 37 44. Campbell, Lyle. 1997 . American Indian languages ... 1. Mithun, Marianne. 1999 . The languages of Native North America . Cambridge Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0 521 23228 7 hbk ISBN 0 521 29875 X. Language families DEFAULTSORT ChimakuanLanguages Category Chimakuanlanguages Category Endangered Chimakuanlanguages br Yezho tchimakuek de Chimakum Sprachen es Lenguas chimaku fr Langues chimakuanes hr Chimakuan it Lingue chimakuan ru ... more details
Infobox language family name Mosan region British Columbia , Washington U.S. state Washington familycolor American family Algonquian Wakashan languages Algonquian Wakashan ? child1 Chimakuan languages Chimakuan child2 Salishan languages Salishan child3 Wakashan languages Wakashan Mosan is a hypothetical language family consisting of the Salishan , Wakashan , and Chimakuan languages of the Pacific Northwest region of North America. It was proposed by Edward Sapir in 1929 in the Encyclop dia Britannica . Little evidence has been adduced in favor of such a grouping, no progress has been made in reconstructing it, and it is now thought to reflect a sprachbund language area rather than a genealogical relationship. It persists outside the professional linguistic literature due to Sapir s great stature. See also Almosan References Lyle Campbell Campbell, Lyle . 1997 . American Indian languages The historical linguistics of Native America . New York Oxford University Press. ISBN 0 19 509427 1. Beck, David 1997 . http www.linguistics.ubc.ca sites default files 1997 Beck.pdf Mosan III a problem of remote common proximity . International Conference on Salish and Neighbo u ring Languages. Category Proposed language families ru ... more details
languages Algic Kutenai language Kutenai Mosan languages Mosan ChimakuanlanguagesChimakuan Salishan ... languages of the Americas belong to one of three language families , the previously established Eskimo Aleut languages Eskimo Aleut and Na Dene languages Na Dene , and with everything ... in the Americas , the relationships he proposed between these languages have been roundly rejected by the large ... broadly to the various indigenous languages of the Americas without necessarily implying that they are a genetic ... used for the latter meaning. Background The idea that all the languages of the Americas are related ... Humboldt noticed that the languages of the Americas seemed to be very different from the better known European languages, yet seemingly also quite similar to each other. When studies of American Indian languages began in earnest in the early 20th century linguists quickly realized that the indigenous languages were in fact not all that similar, but had a diversity much greater than among the languages of Europe. After a period of uncertainty about whether indigenous languages could be described and investigated by the methods applied to European languages the first linguists began the daunting task of trying to classify the languages of the Americas by using the Historical linguistics comparative ... the first to apply the comparative method to native American languages. However, contrary to current ... not. Sapir entertained the idea that ultimately all languages of the Americas might turn out to be provably ... method can yield reliable proof of genetic relationships between languages. In elaborating his classification of the Amerind languages Greenberg relied heavily on Sapir s early work on the North American languages and the highly impressionist classification of South American languages by Paul ... background color 00BFFF Indigenous languages of the Americas Language style background color 00BFFF .... ref Uto Aztecan languages Uto Aztecan no mo i style background color EFEFFF Kiliwa language ... more details
For American languages see Indigenous languages of the Americas Languages of North America Languages of South America Languages of the United States disambig ... more details
Siberian languages may refer to any languages spoken in Siberia, including the Eskimo Aleut languages spoken in Siberia the Mongolic languages spoken in Siberia the Paleosiberian languages the Siberian Turkic languages the Russian dialects spoken in Siberia the Tungusic languages spoken in Siberia the Uralic languages spoken in Siberia disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Many languages are indigenous to Oceania they belong to several families. The Austronesian languages Austronesian family is the most common, found throughout many Pacific Islands, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. Australia is home to many diverse families of Languages of Australia indigenous languages Pama Nyungan languages Gunwinyguan languages Macro Pama Nyungan languages Southwest Pama Nyungan languages Bunaban languages 2 languages in two branches Daly languages 11 19 languages in four branches, including Murrinh Patha language Murrinh Patha Limilngan languages 2 languages, extinct? Djeragan languages 3 5 languages in two branches Nyulnyulan languages 4 8 languages in one branch Wororan languages 7 12 languages in three branches Indo Pacific languages Andaman languagesLanguages of Papua New Guinea Tasmanian languages Also, the languages of European settlers and colonial powers are common in the region, such as English in Australia and New Zealand , Spanish language Spanish in Easter Island , and French in New Caledonia , etc. There are also creole language creoles formed from the interaction of the European and indigenous languages, such as Tok Pisin , Hawaiian Pidgin , Norfuk and Pitkern . See also List of extinct languages of Oceania Navboxes list Languages of Oceania Countries and languages lists DEFAULTSORT Languages Of Oceania Category Languages of Oceania Au lang stub bn ru ... more details
languages might be related to the Wakashan languages Wakashan and Chimakuanlanguages in a hypothetical Mosan languages Mosan family. This proposal persists primarily through Sapir s stature with little ... familycolor American child1 Coast Salish languages Coast Salish child2 Interior Salish languages Interior Salish child3 Tsamosan languages Tsamosan child4 Nux lk language Nux lk child5 Tillamook language ... languages in red . The Salishan also Salish languages are a group of languages of the Pacific Northwest ... in a row with no vowels. The Salishan languages are a geographically continuous block, with the exception ... Nation Flathead Nation . Linguists later applied the name to related languages. Many languages ... group was more important culturally than larger tribal relations. All Salishan languages are extinct ... speakers left. Few Salish languages currently have more than one to two thousand speakers. Practically all Salishan languages have only speakers who are over sixty years of age, and many have only ... The Salishan language family consists of twenty three languages. Below is a list of Salishan languages, dialects, and sub dialects. The genetic unity between the Salish languages is evident. Neighboring ... span span style font size 85 line height 1.3em Western span 10. North Straits Salish languages Northern ... The Salishan languages, principally Chehalis language Chehalis , contributed greatly to the vocabulary ... metathesis , glottalization tenselessness nounlessness controversial Syntax Salishan languages are known ... there is a wide array of Salish languages, they all share some basic traits. All are verb initial languages, with VSO verb subject object being the most common word order. Some Salishan languages allow ... by determiners while non central NPs will take prepositions. Some Salishan languages are ergative ... usually take the form of affixes that attach to the verb. All Salish languages are head marking. Possession ... on predicates. In Central Salish languages like Tillamook and Shuswap, only one plain NP is permitted ... more details
Infobox language family name Awan region Colombia and Ecuador familycolor American fam1 Barbacoan languages Barbacoan sil 904 16 The Awan languages are Barbacoan languages that include the Awa Pit language and the Pasto languages spoken in Ecuador and Colombia . Pasto is extinct. DEFAULTSORT Awan Languages Category Awan languages Category Languages of Ecuador Category Barbacoan languages Category Endangered indigenous languages of the Americas Na lang stub es Lenguas ahuanas mk ... more details
Infobox language family name Bel region Northern New Guinea familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Western Oceanic languages Western Oceanic fam5 North New Guinea languages North New Guinea ? fam6 Ngero Vitiaz languages Ngero Vitiaz child1 Astrolabe languages child2 Nuclear Bel languages sil 2324 16 The eight Bel languages form a group of Austronesian languages of northern Papua New Guinea . Components Astrolabe languages Nuclear Bel languages DEFAULTSORT Bel Languages Category Western Oceanic languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Au lang stub ... more details
The languages of the Bomberai Peninsula of Indonesian New Guinea fall into several groups West Bomberai languages Papuan, west and south Irarutu language Austronesian, most of the interior North Bomberai languages Austronesian, off the coast Bedoanas Erokwanas languages minor Austronesian languages labeled Bomberai in Ethnologue dab ... more details
Infobox language family name Astrolabe region Madang Province , Papua New Guinea familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Western Oceanic languages Western Oceanic fam5 North New Guinea languages North New Guinea ? fam6 Ngero Vitiaz languages Ngero Vitiaz fam7 Bel languages Bel sil 2325 16 The three Astrolabe languages form a small group of Austronesian languages of Madang Province , Papua New Guinea Awad Bing language Awad Bing , Mindiri language Mindiri , Wab language Wab DEFAULTSORT Astrolabe Languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Category Western Oceanic languages Au lang stub hr Astrolabski jezici ... more details
Infobox language family name Kowan familycolor Papuan region Madang Province fam1 Trans New Guinea fam2 Madang languages Madang fam3 Southern Adelbert Range Kowan sil 2440 16 The Kowan languages are a small family of languages spoken in the Adelbert Range area of Madang Province , Papua New Guinea . The languages are Waskia language Waskia , with 20,000 speakers, and Korak language Korak , with 500. DEFAULTSORT Kowan Languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Category Kowan languages pa lang stub ... more details
Infobox language family name Mahakam altname Barito Mahakam region south Borneo , Madagascar familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Barito languages Barito The Mahakam or Barito Mahakam languages are a couple closely related Dayak languages Dayak Austronesian languages Austronesian languages of Borneo Ampanang language Ampanang , Tunjung language Tunjung Category Barito languages au lang stub fr Langues barito mahakam hr Mahakam jezici it Lingue barito mahakam mk ... more details
Infobox language family name Banggi region Sabah familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Bornean languages Bornean ? fam4 Sabahan languages Sabahan The Banggi languages also Bangay are a pair of languages, Bonggi language Bonggi and Molbog language Molbog , spoken in Sabah on Borneo , on Palawan in the Philippines, and on the islands in between. External links Ethnologue bdg Category Sabahan languages Category Languages of the Philippines Category Article Feedback 5 au lang stub ... more details
Infobox language family name Bekati altname region Borneo ethnicity Bidayuh familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Indo Melanesian languages Indo Melanesian fam4 Bornean languages Bornean ? fam5 Land Dayak languages Land Dayak Bekati is a group of Bidayuh Dayak languages of Borneo Bekati language Bekati Bekatiq , Sara language Indonesia Sara , Lara language Lara Rara Category Land Dayak languages Category Languages of Indonesia au lang stub ... more details
Infobox language family name Sabahan altname region Sabah , Borneo familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Indo Melanesian languages Indo Melanesian fam4 Bornean languages Bornean ? The Sabahan languages are a group of Austronesian languages centered on the Bornean province of Sabah . Languages The constituents from Blust 1991 mentioned explicitly in Adelaar & Himmelmann 2005 are, Banggi languages Banggi 2 Dusunic languages Dusunic 15 Paitanic languages Paitanic 4 Ida an language Ida an Murutic languages Murutic 7 Tidong languages Tidong 5 A 2008 analysis of the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database fully supported the unity of Murutic languages Murutic and Ida an language Ida an . However, the other branches were not considered. References K. Alexander Adelaar and Nikolaus Himmelmann, The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar. Routledge, 2005. http language.psy.auckland.ac.nz austronesian research.php Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database Category Sabahan languages au lang stub fr Langues sabahanes mk ... more details
merge A posteriori languages date April 2011 This is the article about constructed languages. For other uses of the term a priori, see a priori . An a priori language is any constructed language whose vocabulary is not based on existing languages, unlike a posteriori languages a posteriori constructed languages. Examples of a priori languages include Ro language Ro , Solresol , Mirad , Klingon language Klingon , and Na vi language Na vi . By contrast, a posteriori languages are ones whose vocabulary is based on existing languages, either as a variation of one language e.g., Latino sine flexione or as a mixture of various languages. Some a priori languages are designed to be international auxiliary language s that remove what could be considered an unfair learning advantage for native speakers of a source language that would otherwise exist for a posteriori languages. Some a priori languages try to categorize their vocabulary, either to express an underlying philosophy or to make it easier to recognize new vocabulary. These are also known as philosophical language philosophical or taxonomic languages . References Alan Libert, A Priori Artificial LanguagesLanguages of the World 24. Munich Lincom Europa, 2000 . ISBN 3895866679. Constructed languages Category Constructed languages A priori Languages conlang stub eo Apriora lingvo hu A priori nyelvek ja pl J zyki aprioryczne pt L ngua artificial a priori ru simple A priori languages ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In linguistics, Melanesian is an obsolete term referring to the Austronesian languages of Melanesia that is, the Oceanic languages Oceanic , Eastern Malayo Polynesian , or Central Eastern Malayo Polynesian languages depending on conception clarify date May 2012 apart from Polynesian languages Polynesian and Micronesian languages Micronesian though Fijian languages Fijian was typically included . The Papuan languages were also recognized as distinct. A typical classification of the Austronesian languages ca. 1970 would divide them into something like the following branches Formosan languages Northern AN Hesperonesian languages Western AN Melanesian languages Central Eastern AN Micronesian languages Polynesian languages It is now known that the Melanesian languages do not form a genealogical node they are at best paraphyletic , and very likely polyphyletic . Although the term was at least in the beginning partially racial rather than linguistic, the Melanesian languages arguably refnec share the property of being Austronesian languages that have been most heavily restructured under the influence of various Papuan language families. date May 2012 DEFAULTSORT Melanesian Languages Category Languages lt Melanezie i kalbos pl J zyki melanezyjskie ru ... more details
Infobox language family name Popolocan region Oaxaca , Mexico familycolor American fam1 Oto Manguean languages Oto Manguean fam2 Eastern Oto Mangue fam3 Popolocan Zapotecan child1 Chochotec Chocho Popoloca languages Popoloca child2 Ixcatec language Ixcatec a single language child3 Mazatecan languages Mazatecan sil 1874 16 The Popolocan languages are a subfamily of the Oto Manguean languages Oto Manguean language family of Mexico , spoken mainly in the state of Puebla . The Popolocan languages should not be confused with the languages called Popoluca spoken in the state of Veracruz , which belong to the unrelated Mixe Zoquean languages Mixe Zoquean language family. The term comes from the Nahuatl language and means to speak unintelligibly, which is why Nahuatl speakers called several different unrelated languages Popol ca . The Nahuatl term was later adopted by the Spanish. The convention now is that the Oto Manguean languages are referred to as Popoloca and the Mixe Zoquean languages are referred to as Popoluca , although the latter term is falling into disuse. The Popolocan languages are subdivided into the Chocho Popolocan languages, including the Chocho language and seven distinct varieties of Popoloca languages Popoloca . the Ixcatec language the Mazatecan languages including a number of related languages called Mazatec External links http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp?subid 1874 16 Ethnologue report for Popolocan Category Popolocan languages Category Endangered Oto Manguean languages Na lang stub br Yezho popolokanek fr Langues popolocas ... more details
Infobox language family name Tongic region Tonga and Niue familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Central Pacific languages Central Pacific fam5 Polynesian languages Polynesian child1 Tongan language Tongan child2 Niuean language Niuean The family of Tongic languages is a small group of the Polynesian languages . It consists of at least two languages, Tongan language Tongan and Niuean language Niuean , and possibly a third, Niuafo ou language Niuafo ouan . See also Tonga Niue External links http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp?subid 159 Ethnologue family tree for Tongic Category Tongic languages Category Polynesian languages Category Languages of Tonga au lang stub fi Tongalaiset kielet th ... more details
Infobox language family name Korap region Northern New Guinea familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Western Oceanic languages Western Oceanic fam5 North New Guinea languages North New Guinea ? fam6 Ngero Vitiaz languages Ngero Vitiaz fam7 ? sil 2313 16 The three Korap languages form a group of Austronesian languages of northern Papua New Guinea Arop Lukep language Arop Lukep , Karnai language Karnai , Malasanga language Malasanga DEFAULTSORT Korap Languages Category Western Oceanic languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Au lang stub ... more details
Distinguish2 Turkic languages Infobox language family name Trukic region Micronesia familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Micronesian languages Micronesian fam5 Micronesian Proper fam6 Nuclear Micronesian The Trukic languages are a dialect continuum of Micronesian languages , conventionally divided into a dozen languages. Languages Sonsorol language Sonsorol and Tobian language Tobian close enough to often be considered dialects Chuukese language Chuukese Woleaian and Ulithian language Ulithian Puluwatese language Puluwatese , Namonuito language Namonuito , and Tanapag language Tanapag Carolinian language Carolinian Satawalese language Satawalese and Mortlockese language Mortlockese closely related P fang language P fang Notes references DEFAULTSORT Trukic Languages Category Micronesian languages mk ... more details
Infobox language family name Ngero region Northern New Guinea familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Western Oceanic languages Western Oceanic fam5 North New Guinea languages North New Guinea ? fam6 Ngero Vitiaz languages Ngero Vitiaz child1 Bariai child2 Tuam sil 2164 16 The six Ngero languages form a group of Austronesian languages in northern Papua New Guinea . Components Bariai Bariai language Bariai , Kove language Kove , Lusi language Lusi , Malalamai Tuam Gitua language Gitua , Mutu language Mutu DEFAULTSORT Ngero Languages Category Western Oceanic languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Au lang stub ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
