For the scientific journal Cladistics journal Evolutionary biology Cladistics lang grc , klados ... of life , a monophyletic group. Cladistics can be distinguished from other taxonomic systems, such as morphology ... of Homology biology homologous features. Cladistics is also distinguished by an emphasis ... that cladistics is more objective than systems which rely on subjective judgements of relationship based on similarity. ref Harvnb Phillips 2000 ref Cladistics originated in the work of the German ... book the use of the terms cladistics and clade was popularized by other researchers. The technique ... are now very commonly used in the generation of cladograms. Cladistics, either generally or in specific ... James Pourtless IV 2009 p 21ff. ref raising the issue of whether cladistics as actually practised is as objective ... are derived from a common ancestor, his method cladistics forces the cladist to recognize a taxon for birds and crocodilians together, even though this is a useless assemblage. ref History of cladistics ... until the end of the 1980s cladistics remained a minority approach to classification. However, in the 1990s ... features of organisms as well as to anatomical ones. ref Harvnb Baron H eg 2005 ref Cladistics as a successor ... ref to some methods of today s cladistics namely Distance matrices in phylogeny distance matrix methods ... a group in a system based on cladistics. anchor apomorphy anchor synapomorphy Apomorphy separate form ... a human readable format Cladistics makes no distinction between extinct and extant species, ref Harvnb ... characteristics that are preserved in fossils, are more likely to include extinct species. Cladistics ... by the codes of nomenclature monophyletic. Ernst Mayr in 1985 drew a distinction between the terms cladistics ... of phylogeny as mere genealogy should be terminologically distinguished as cladistics . To lump ..., because they detract from cladistics emphasis on clades monophyletic groups . In contrast, proponents ... D. year 1974 title The uses of cladistics journal Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics issn 0066 ... more details
Infobox journal title Cladistics cover File Cladistics cover.gif Image Cladistics cover.gif editor James M. Carpenter frequency Bimonthly discipline Cladistics history 1985 present country publisher Wiley Blackwell impact 4.929 impact year 2009 ISSN 0748 3007 eISSN 1096 0031 website http www.wiley.com bw submit.asp?ref 0748 3007 link1 http onlinelibrary.wiley.com journal 10.1111 ISSN 1096 0031 currentissue link1 name Online access link2 http onlinelibrary.wiley.com journal 10.1111 ISSN 1096 0031 issues link2 name Online archive Cladistics is a bimonthly Peer review peer reviewed scientific journal publishing research in cladistics . It is published by Wiley Blackwell on behalf of the Willi Hennig Society . Cladistics publishes academic publishing papers relevant to evolution , systematics , and integrative Biology integrative biology . Papers of both a conceptual or philosophy of science philosophical nature, discussions of methodology, empirical studies on taxonomic groups from animals to bacteria, and applications of systematics in disciplines such as genomics and paleontology are accepted. Five types of paper appear in the journal review journal review s, regular papers, forum papers, letter to the editor letters to the editor , and book review s. According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2009 impact factor of 4.929, ranking it 7th out of 45 journals in the category Evolutionary Biology . Its editor in chief is Dennis Wm. Stevenson. External links Official 1 http www.wiley.com bw submit.asp?ref 0748 3007 http www.cladistics.org Willi Hennig Society Category Evolutionary biology journals Category Phylogenetics Category Bimonthly journals Category English language journals Category Wiley Blackwell academic journals Category Publications established in 1985 pl Cladistics nl Cladistics tijdschrift ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In cladistics or phylogenetics , an outgroup is a monophyletic group of organisms that serves as a reference group for determination of the evolution ary relationship among three or more monophyletic groups of organisms. The chosen outgroup is hypothesized to be rather closely related to the other groups, but less closely than any single one of the other groups is to each other. The evolutionary conclusion from this is that the outgroup branched from the parent group before the other two groups branched from each other. Some examples, with outgroup on the right Human s, chimpanzee s gorilla s Placental mammal s, Marsupial s Monotreme s Tetrapoda , Actinopterygii Elasmobranchii Chordate s, Echinoderm s Mollusk s biology stub Category Phylogenetics it Outgroup hu K lcsoport kladisztika pl Grupa zewn trzna zh ... more details
Outgroup may refer to Outgroup sociology , a social group Outgroup cladistics , evolutionary history concept disambig hu K lcsoport egy rtelm s t lap ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Otheruses In genetics , subclade is a term used to describe a subgroup of a subgenus or haplogroup . It is commonly used today in describing genealogical DNA test s of human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup s and human Y chromosome DNA haplogroup s. See also Clade Cladistics Category Genetics Category Genetic genealogy Genetics stub ... more details
Automatic taxobox name Dromopoda image image caption image width 250px taxon Dromopoda subclassis authority Shultz, 1990 ref cite journal author Jeffrey W. Shultz year 1990 title Evolutionary morphology and phylogeny of Arachnida journal Cladistics journal Cladistics volume 6 issue 1 pages 1 38 doi 10.1111 j.1096 0031.1990.tb00523.x ref subdivision ranks Orders subdivision Opiliones Pseudoscorpion es Scorpion es Solifugae Dromopoda is a Class biology subclass of the Arachnida arachnids , including the Opiliones harvestmen , Scorpion s, Pseudoscorpion s and Solifugae camel spiders . The latter three are sometimes grouped as Novogenuata . Combined morphological and molecular analyses have shown Dromopoda to be monophylic. However, a strictly molecular analysis did not support the monophyly of Dromopoda. ref cite journal author Gonzalo Giribet, Gregory D. Edgecombe, Ward C. Wheeler & Courtney Babbitt year 2002 title Phylogeny and systematic position of Opiliones a combined analysis of chelicerate relationships using morphological and molecular data journal Cladistics journal Cladistics volume 18 issue 1 pages 5 70 pmid 14552352 url http research.amnh.org scicomp pdfs wheeler Giribet etal2002.pdf format Portable Document Format PDF doi 10.1111 j.1096 0031.2002.tb00140.x ref References Reflist Category Arachnids arachnid stub mk ... more details
wiktionary subclade Subclade may be Subclade, any taxonomic clade which is subordinate to hierarchically higher clades, especially Subclade, a subgroup of a clade Subclade , a subgroup of a genetic haplogroup a subgroup of a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup a subgroup of a human Y chromosome DNA haplogroup See also Cladistics disambig ... more details
Taxobox image PulexIrritans.jpg regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Flea Siphonaptera familia Pulicidae subfamilia Pulicinae genus Pulex Pulex is a genus of flea s. It comprises six species . One is the human flea P. irritans , and the other five are confined to the Nearctic ecozone Nearctic and Neotropic ecozone Neotropical regions . ref cite journal title A molecular phylogeny of fleas Insecta Siphonaptera origins and host associations author Michael F. Whiting, Alison S. Whiting, Michael W. Hastriter & Katharina Dittmar journal Cladistics journal Cladistics volume 24 year 2008 pages 1 31 url http darwin.biology.utah.edu china PDFs Fleas12.pdf doi 10.1111 j.1096 0031.2008.00211.x ref References reflist Category Fleas Flea stub parasite stub ... more details
Stratocladistics is a method of making phylogenetic inferences using both geological and morphobiological data. It follows many of the same rules as cladistics , using Bayesian logic to quantify how good a phylogenetic hypothesis is in terms of debt and parsimony . However, in addition to the morphological debt that is used to determine phylogenetic dissimilarities in cladistics, there is also stratigraphic debt which adds the dimension of time to the equation. Although stratocladistics has been viewed with suspicion by some workers, it represents a total evidence approach that has some advantages over traditional cladistic approaches. ref name Fisher2008 cite doi 10.1146 annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095752 ref External links cite web title StrataPhy url http www.life.illinois.edu marcot StrataPhy.html &mdash software for stratocladistic reconstructions Further reading cite doi 10.1126 science.284.5421.1816 Cite jstor 2401154 Cite jstor 1304741 Cite journal url http www.faculty.biol.ttu.edu Strauss Phylogenetics Readings HuelsenbeckRannala2000.pdf title reflist Category Phylogenetics ... more details
Taxobox regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Strepsiptera familia Bahiaxenidae familia authority Bravo et al. , 2009 genus Bahiaxenos genus authority Bravo et al. , 2009 species B. relictus binomial Bahiaxenos relictus binomial authority Bravo et al. , 2009 Bahiaxenos relictus is the monotypic sole member of the family Bahiaxenidae , a type of winged insect. It was only discovered and described in 2009 from relictual sand dune s associated with the Rio S o Francisco in Bahia, Brazil . It is considered to be the most basal living member of the order Strepsiptera , and therefore is the sister taxon to the remaining extant taxon extant species . It is known from only a single male specimen, and its biology is unknown. References cite journal author Freddy Bravo, Hans Pohl, Alberto Silva Neto & Rolf G. Beutel year 2009 title Bahiaxenidae, a living fossil and a new family of Strepsiptera Hexapoda discovered in Brazil journal Cladistics journal Cladistics volume 25 issue 6 pages 614 623 doi 10.1111 j.1096 0031.2009.00264.x Category Strepsiptera Category Monotypic arthropod genera Strepsiptera stub no Bahiaxenos relictus ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Entimus image Curculionidae Entimus imperialis.JPG image caption Entimus imperialis from Brazil regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Beetle Coleoptera familia Curculionidae genus Entimus genus authority Ernst Friedrich Germar Germar, E.F. , 1817 Entimus is a genus of broad nosed weevils belonging to the family Curculionidae true weevil , Entiminae subfamily. Description The species of the genus Entimus can reach a length of about convert 12 45 mm . They usually have green, blue and gold iridescent scales. Distribution These species can be found from Mesoamerica to northeastern Argentina. List of species This genus includes the following seven species Entimus arrogans Pascoe, F.P., 1872 Entimus granulatus Linnaeus, 1758 Entimus imperialis Forster, 1771 Entimus excelsus Viana. 1958 Entimus nobilis Olivier, 1790 Entimus sastrei Viana 1958 Entimus splendidus Fabricius 1792 synonym Entimus fastuosus Olivier, 1790 References eflist http wtaxa.csic.es search resultsbasicHP.aspx Wtaxa http www.virtual beetles.com entimus.html Virtual Beetles Juan J Morrone http www.mendeley.com research the neotropical weevil genus entimus coleoptera curculionidae entiminae cladistics biogeography and modes of speciation The Neotropical Weevil Genus Entimus Coleoptera Curculionidae Entiminae Cladistics, Biogeography, and Modes of Speciation Society 2002 Volume 56, Issue 4, Publisher BioOne, Pages 501 513 Category Curculionidae Curculionidae stub ... more details
automatic taxobox name Batrachosauria fossil range fossil range Carboniferous 0 Carboniferous Recent includes amniotes subdivision ranks Groups subdivision Seymouriamorpha br Cotylosauria br Solenodonsaurus br Westlothiana lizziae br Diadectomorpha br Amniota Batrachosauria Frog Saurians is a name given either to very reptile like amphibians dating from the Carboniferous and Permian periods, or to amniotes and those amphibians very closely related to them. In current Cladistics cladistic schems, Batrachosauria is the sister clade to the Anthracosauria Anthracosauroidea Characteristics From the Palaeos website Intercentrum reduced large Canine tooth canine like maxilla ry tooth See also Reptiliomorpha Reference External link Palaeos http www.palaeos.com Vertebrates Units 190Reptilomorpha 190.300.html Batrachosauria Batrachosauria Category Reptiliomorphs paleo stub ka nl Batrachosauria ru uk ... more details
TOCright Scientific classification may refer to Chemical classification Taxonomy , the practice and science of categorization Class set theory Mathematical classification , construction of subsets into a set Statistical classification The mathematical problem of assigning a label to an object based on a set of its attributes or features. Biology Biological classification Alpha taxonomy , the science of finding, describing and naming organisms Linnaean taxonomy , the classic scientific classification system Cladistics , a newer way of classifying organisms, based solely on phylogeny Virus classification , naming and placing viruses Astronomy Stellar classification Galaxy morphological classification See also Categorization , general Classification of the sciences Peirce Systematic name disambig eu Sailkapen zientifiko argipena jv Klasifikasi lmiah pt Classifica o cient fica desambigua o vi Ph n lo i khoa h c nh h ng ... more details
Stephen Shennan is a professor of theoretical archaeology , and is director of the Institute of Archaeology at the University College London . Shennan focuses on cultural evolution and Darwinian archaeology, applying theories from evolutionary ecology and cladistics to archaeology. In July 2006, Shenann was elected Fellow of the British Academy . Bibliography nofootnotes date May 2010 Genes, Memes and Human History Darwinian Archaeology and Cultural Evolution . 2002. Thames & Hudson . Quantifying Archaeology . 1997. Edinburgh University Press External links http www.ucl.ac.uk archaeology staff profiles shennan.htm Shennans profile at UCL Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Shennan, Stephen ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Shennan, Stephen Category British archaeologists Category Living people ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Plesiothele image regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropoda classis Arachnida ordo Araneae subordo Mygalomorphae familia Hexathelidae genus Plesiothele genus authority Raven, 1978 diversity link List of Hexathelidae species Plesiothele diversity 1 species type species Hexathele fentoni type species authority Hickman, 1936 range map range map width 250px subdivision ranks Species subdivision See text. Plesiothele is a spider genus of the family Hexathelidae with a single described species , P. fentoni , which is Endemism endemic to Tasmania . ref Raven, R.J. 1985. The spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae Araneae cladistics and systematics. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 182 1 180. ref Footnotes reflist Category Hexathelidae ... more details
Taxobox name Gentianales image Gentiana cruciata 2.jpg image caption Gentiana cruciata regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Gentianales ordo authority John Lindley Lindley subdivision ranks Families subdivision Gentianaceae br Apocynaceae br Gelsemiaceae br Loganiaceae br Rubiaceae Gentianales are an order of flowering plant s, included within the asterid group of dicotyledon s. The circumscription of Gentiales in the Cronquist system included a broadly defined Loganiaceae since broken up into several families , Retziaceae , Gentianaceae , Saccifoliaceae , Apocynaceae , and Asclepiadaceae . The circumscription recognized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group APG includes Apocynaceae including Asclepiadaceae , Gelsemiaceae segregated from Loganiaceae , Gentianaceae including Saccifoliaceae , Loganiaceae, and Rubiaceae . Under the APG definition some well known members of Gentianales are coffea coffee , gardenia s, and frangipani . APG includes Retziaceae in Stilbaceae order Lamiales . References Struwe, L., V. A. Albert, and B. Bremer. 1994. Cladistics and family level classification of the Gentianales. Cladistics 10 175 205. Backlund, Maria, Bengt Oxelman, and Birgitta Bremer. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships within the Gentianales based on NDHF and RBCL sequences, with particular reference to the Loganiaceae. American Journal of Botany 87 1029 1043. http www.amjbot.org cgi content full 87 7 1029 Phylogenetic relationships within the Gentianales based on NDHF and RBCL sequences, with particular reference to the Loganiaceae commonscat inline wikispecies inline Category Gentianales Category Angiosperm orders Gentianales stub az Ac i kkimil r bg Gentianales ca Gencianal cs Ho cotvar da Ensian ordenen de Enzianartige et Emajuurelaadsed es Gentianales eo Gencianaloj fa fr Gentianales ko id Gentianales it Gentianales he jv Gentianales la Gentianales lt Gencijonie iai hu T rnicsvir g a ... more details
about Numerical taxonomy other uses of taxonomy Taxonomy disambiguation Numerical taxonomy is a Biological classification classification system in biological systematics which deals with the grouping by numerical method s of taxon taxonomic units based on their character states. ref cite web url http www.accessscience.com abstract.aspx?id 461900&referURL http 3a 2f 2fwww.accessscience.com 2fcontent.aspx 3fid 3d461900 title Numerical Taxonomy author date work www.accessscience.com publisher McGraw Hill Ltd. accessdate 13 April 2010 ref . It aims to create a taxonomy using numeric algorithms like cluster analysis rather than using subjective evaluation of their properties. The concept was first developed by Robert R. Sokal & Peter H. A. Sneath in 1963 ref Sokal & Sneath Principles of Numerical Taxonomy , San Francisco W.H. Freeman, 1963 ref and later elaborated by the same authors ref Sneath and Sokal Numerical Taxonomy , San Francisco W.H. Freeman, 1973 ref . They divided the field into phenetics in which classifications are formed based on the patterns of overall similarities and cladistics in which classifications based on the branching patterns of the estimated evolutionary history of the taxa. Note in recent years many authors treat numerical taxonomy and phenetics as synonyms despite the distinctions made by those authors. Although intended as an objective classification method, in practice the choice and implicit weighing of characteristics is, of course, influenced by available data and research interests of the investigator. What was made objective was the introduction of explicit steps to be used to create phenograms and cladograms using numerical methods rather than subjective synthesis of data. See also Hierarchical clustering Hierarchical clustering of networks Cladistics Phenetics References references Category Classification systems Category Taxonomy de Numerische Taxonomie es Taxonom a num rica ko ... more details
Taxobox image Stone Partridge.jpg image caption Stone Partridge regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Bird Aves ordo Galliformes familia Phasianidae subfamilia Perdicinae genus Ptilopachus genus authority William John Swainson Swainson , 1837 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Stone Partridge P. petrosus br Nahan s Partridge P. nahani Ptilopachus is an Africa n genus of bird s in the Phasianidae pheasant family. As traditionally defined, only the Stone Partridge was included in this genus, but based on Genetics genetic evidence it now also includes the Nahan s Partridge formerly considered a francolin . The study also concludes that this genus is more closely related to the New World Quail , ref Crowe, T. M., Bowie, R.C.K., Bloomer, P., Mandiwana, T.G., Hedderson, T.A.J., Randi, E., Pereira, S., & Wakeling, J. 2006 . Phylogenetics, biogeography and classification of, and character evolution in, gamebirds Aves Galliformes Effects of character exclusion, data partitioning and missing data. Cladistics 22 495 532. ref ref name Croew2010 Crowe, T. 2010 . Phylogenetic affinities of enigmatic African galliforms the Stone Partridge Ptilopachus petrosus and Latham s and Nahan s Francolins Francolinus lathami and F. nahani. Cladistics 26 206 206. Abstract . ref ref name IOC Gill, F, & Donsker, D. eds. 2010 . http www.worldbirdnames.org IOC World Bird Names . Version 2.7. Accessed 15 January 2011. ref but many taxonomists still include this with the Phasianidae . At about convert 25 cm in in length, both are relatively small, Terrestrial animal terrestrial birds with a red eye ring, base of the bill and legs, and brownish upperparts. ref name HBW McGowan, P. J. K. 1994 . Francolins genus Francolinus . Pp. 489 504 in del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J. eds. 1994 . Handbook of the Birds of the World . Vol. 2. New World Vultures to Guineafowl. Lynx Edicions, Barcelon. ISBN 84 87334 15 6 ref References Reflist Category Phasianidae Galliformes stub ca Ptilopach ... more details
Taxobox name Tetrapulmonata image image caption image width 250px status extinct regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Arachnid a unranked ordo Tetrapulmonata unranked ordo authority Shultz, 1990 subdivision ranks Orders subdivision Uropygid Thelyphonida Schizomida Amblypygi Spider Araneae Tetrapulmonata is a non ranked supra ordinal group of Arachnida arachnids . It is composed of Uropygid Thelyphonida , Schizomid a, Amblypygid Amblypygi and Spider Araneae . Etymology It receives its name from the presence of paired book lung s occupying the second and third opisthosomal segments, although the posterior pair is absent in Schizomida. Previous synonym s of this lineage are rejected Caulogastra small Pocock, 1983 small refers to pedicel , which is Symplesiomorphy symplesiomorphic for the lineage and Convergent evolution convergent with Solifugae , and Arachnidea small Van der Hammen, 1977 small is easily confused with Arachnid a. Types Other Synapomorphy synapomorphies of Tetrapulmonata include a large postcerebral pharynx reduced in Uropygi , prossomal endosternite with four segmental components, subchelate chelicerae , a complex coxotrochanteral joint in the walking legs, a pretarsal depressor muscle arising in the patella convergent with Dromopoda, lost in Amblypygi , a pedicel formed, in part, by ventral elements of the second opisthomal segment and a spermatozoon axoneme a 9 3 microtubule arrangement. ref cite journal author Jeffrey W. Shultz year 1990 title Evolutionary morphology and phylogeny of Arachnida journal Cladistics journal Cladistics volume 6 issue 1 pages 1 38 doi 10.1111 j.1096 0031.1990.tb00523.x ref References reflist Category Arachnids ca Tetrapulmonat es Tetrapulmonata ... more details
Taxobox name Pseudotothyris regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Actinopterygii ordo Catfish Siluriformes familia Loricariidae subfamilia Hypoptopomatinae tribus Otothyrini genus Pseudotothyris genus authority Heraldo Antonio Britski Britski & J lio C sar Garavello Garavello , 1984 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Pseudotothyris is a genus of Loricariidae armored catfishes native to South America . Taxonomy Within the tribe Otothyrini , Pseudotothyris has a cladistics sister group relationship with Otothyris . In turn, Otothyropsis has a cladistics sister group relationship with the clade Otothyris plus Pseudotothyris . ref name ribeiro cite journal url http www.ufrgs.br ni vol3num4 NI v3n4p489 498lowr.pdf title Description and relationships of Otothyropsis marapoama, a new genus and species of Hypoptopomatine catfish Siluriformes Loricariidae from rio Tiet basin, southeastern Brazil first Alexandre C. last Ribeiro coauthors Carvalho, Murilo Melo, Alex L. A. journal Neotropical Ichthyology volume 3 issue 4 pages 489 498 year 2005 format PDF doi 10.1590 S1679 62252005000400006 ref These three genera and Schizolecis share unique specializations of the cranium associated with an enlarged gas bladder swimbladder capsule. The degree of development of the swimbladder capsule in these genera was not found in any other member of the Otothyrini. ref name ribeiro Species There are currently two recognized species in this genus ref FishBase genus genus Pseudotothyris month December year 2011 ref Pseudotothyris janeirensis small Heraldo Antonio Britski Britski & J lio C sar Garavello Garavello , 1984 small Pseudotothyris obtusa small Al pio de Miranda Ribeiro A. Miranda Ribeiro , 1911 small References references Category Loricariidae Category Fish of South America pl Pseudotothyris ... more details
Taxobox image PulexIrritans.jpg regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Flea Siphonaptera familia Pulicidae subfamilia Pulicinae genus Pulex species P. irritans binomial Pulex irritans binomial authority Carl Linnaeus Linnaeus , Systema Naturae 1758 The human flea , Pulex irritans , is a cosmopolitan distribution cosmopolitan flea species that has, in spite of the common name , a wide Host biology host spectrum . It is one of six species in the genus Pulex the other five are all confined to the Nearctic ecozone Nearctic and Neotropic ecozone Neotropical regions . ref cite journal title A molecular phylogeny of fleas Insecta Siphonaptera origins and host associations author Michael F. Whiting, Alison S. Whiting, Michael W. Hastriter & Katharina Dittmar journal Cladistics journal Cladistics volume 24 year 2008 pages 1 31 url http darwin.biology.utah.edu china PDFs Fleas12.pdf doi 10.1111 j.1096 0031.2008.00211.x issue 5 ref The species is thought to have originated in South America , where its original host may have been the guinea pig or peccary . ref cite journal title A biogeography of the human flea, Pulex irritans L. Siphonaptera Pulicidae journal Journal of Biogeography year 1989 volume 16 pages 115 120 jstor 2845085 author Paul C. Buckland & Jon P. Sadler doi 10.2307 2845085 issue 2 ref This species bites many species of mammals and birds, including domesticated ones. It has been found on dog s and wild Canidae canids , monkey s in captivity, opossum s, domestic cat s, Felidae wild felids in captivity, chicken s, Black Rat black rats and Brown Rat Norwegian rats , wild rodent s, pig s, free tailed bat s, and other species. It can also be an intermediate host for the cestode , Dipylidium caninum . References reflist Category Fleas Category Animals described in 1758 Flea stub parasite stub bs Ljudska buha de Menschenfloh es Pulex irritans fr Pulex irritans it Pulex irritans hu Emberbolha no Menneskelopper pl Pch a ludzka fi Ihmiskirppu ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Pyrophaena image Platycheirus Pyrophaena rosarum male.jpg image caption Platycheirus rosarum male regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Fly Diptera familia Hoverfly Syrphidae subfamilia Syrphinae tribus Bacchini genus Platycheirus subgenus Pyrophaena synonyms Pyrophaena is a subgenus of the hoverfly genus Platycheirus ref name Stubbs cite book last Stubbs first Alan E. authorlink coauthors Falk, Steven J title British Hoverflies An Illustrated Identification Guide edition 2nd year 1983 publisher British Entomological and Natural History Society location London isbn 1899935037 pages 253, xvpp ref distinctive enough to sometimes treated as a separate genus in its own right. ref name VanVeen cite book last Van Veen first M.P. title Hoverflies of Northwest Europe, Identification Keys to the Syrphidae format Hardback year 2004 publisher KNNV Publishing location Utrecht isbn 9050111998 pages 254 ref Indeed a recent study of the phylogeny of the subfamily Syrphinae ref cite journal author Ximo Mengual coauthors Gunilla St hls, Santos Rojo title First phylogeny of predatory flower flies Diptera, Syrphidae, Syrphinae using mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S rRNA genes conflict and congruence with the current tribal classification journal Cladistics journal Cladistics volume 24 year 2008 pages 543 562 url http entomology.si.edu StaffPages Mengual Ximo 2008 Cladistics.pdf format Portable Document Format PDF doi 10.1111 j.1096 0031.2008.00200.x ref found it to be closer to other certain other genera Rohdendorfia , Syrphocheilosia and Spazigaster . Since only a few species were sampled the true systematic structure must await a more thorough survey of Platycheirus and related genera. Species Platycheirus granditarsus small Forster, 1771 small Platycheirus rosarum small Johan Christian Fabricius Fabricius , 1787 small References reflist Category Diptera of Europe Category Hoverflies Syrphidae stub ... more details
Taxobox name Palpata image Haeckel Chaetopoda edit.jpg image caption Illustration by Ernst Heackel regnum Animal ia phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta subclassis Palpata subdivision ranks Orders subdivision Aciculata br Canalipalpata Palpata is a Class biology subclass of polychaete worm. Members of this subclass are mostly Detritivore deposit feeders on marine detritus or filter feeder s. Characteristics Palpata includes the majority of genera and species of polychaete worms and is subdivided into the Class biology orders Aciculata and Canalipalpata . ref name R&R Rouse, G. W., and K. Fauchald. 1997. Cladistics and polychaetes. Zool. Scr. 26 139 204. ref The prostomium is characterised by a pair of sensory palp s which gives the subclass its name and which are lacking in the other main taxon of polychaetes, the Scolecida . ref http webs.lander.edu rsfox invertebrates eudistylia.html Invertebrate Anatomy OnLine ref Aciculata is a large group including about half of all existing polychaete species and is equivalent to the old taxonomic group Errantia , worms that can move about freely by crawling or swimming. These worms are characterised by having internal supporting chaeta e in their Parapodium parapodia . Aciculata is divided into suborders Eunicida and Phyllodocida . Canalipalpata is equivalent to the old taxonomic group Sedentaria , worms that stay in one place, living in a self made tube composed of mud or sand cemented together with mucus. Members of Canalipalpata are worms with elongated grooved palp structures used for feeding and the order is divided into suborders Sabellida , Spionida and Terebellida . Taxonomy Further research is likely to result in changes to the cladistics of the annelids, the monophyly of which is in doubt. ref http tolweb.org Annelida Tree of Life Web Project ref The World Register of Marine Species considers Palpata a nomen dubium and divides the polychaetes into three subclasses, Aciculata, Canalipalpata and Scolecida . ref http www ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Entimus splendidus image Curculionidae Entimus splendidus.JPG image width 240px image caption Entimus splendidus from Brazil regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Beetle Coleoptera familia Curculionidae subfamilia Entiminae tribus Entimini genus Entimus species E. splendidus binomial Entimus splendidus binomial authority Johann Christian Fabricius Fabricius 1792 synomyms Curculio splendidus Fabricius, 1792 Entimus fastuosus Olivier, 1790 Entimus splendidus is a species of broad nosed weevils belonging to the family Curculionidae true weevil , Entiminae subfamily. Description Entimus splendidus can reach a length of about convert 21 26 mm . The basic colour is black. Elytra are strongly convex and laterally compressed, punctured with longitudinal rows of brilliant golden green dots. Distribution This rare species can be found in Brazil . References http www.biolib.cz en taxon id55639 Biolib http www.ubio.org browser details.php?namebankID 1045155 Universal biological Indexer http www.globalspecies.org ntaxa 1924841 Global species Juan J Morrone http www.mendeley.com research the neotropical weevil genus entimus coleoptera curculionidae entiminae cladistics biogeography and modes of speciation The Neotropical Weevil Genus Entimus Coleoptera Curculionidae Entiminae Cladistics, Biogeography, and Modes of Speciation Society 2002 Volume 56, Issue 4, Publisher BioOne, Pages 501 513 Juan J Morrone http www.ejournal.unam.mx zoo 070 02 ZOO70204.pdf The species of Entiminae ranged in America South of United States External links http www.virtual beetles.com entimus.html Virtual Beetles http www.worldfieldguide.com wfg species detail.php?taxno 10579 Worldfieldguide Category Entimus splendidus Category Curculionidae Curculionidae stub ... more details
Automatic taxobox name Alligatoroidea fossil range Late Cretaceous Recent, fossilrange 83.5 0 image Two american alligators.jpg image width 250px image caption Alligator s shown above and Caimaninae caimans are living members of the Taxonomic rank superfamily Alligatoroidea. authority Gray, 1844 subdivision ranks Subgroups subdivision Globidonta extinct Deinosuchus Alligatoroidea is a Taxonomic rank superfamily of crocodilia ns that evolved in the Late Cretaceous Geologic time scale Terminology period . Cladistics Cladistically , it is defined as Alligator mississippiensis the American alligator and all crocodylia ns more closely related to A. mississippiensis than to either Crocodylus niloticus the Nile crocodile or Gavialis gangeticus the gharial . ref name brochu cite journal title Phylogenetic approaches toward crocodylian history last Brochu first Christopher A. journal Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences volume 31 year 2003 month May page 360 doi 10.1146 annurev.earth.31.100901.141308 ref References Reflist Category Alligatoridae archosaur stub fr Alligatoroidea la Alligatoroidea hu Alligatoroidea nl Alligatoroidea pl Alligatoroidea ... more details
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