File Closepacking box.svg thumb hcp and fcc closepacking of spheres In geometry , closepacking of equal sphere s is a dense arrangement of congruent spheres in an infinite, regular arrangement or Lattice .... The problem of closepacking of spheres was first mathematically analyzed by Thomas Harriot ... of the first sphere and r sub 2 sub is the radius of the second. In closepacking all of the spheres ... of hcp lattice generation. To form an A B A B ... hexagonal closepacking of spheres, the coordinate ... Cardiff Press. Cardiff, Wales. PDF http alecjacobson.com graphics hw10b 3D Sphere Packing Applet ClosePacking of Spheres java applet DEFAULTSORT ClosePacking Of Spheres Category Discrete geometry ... fraction of space occupied by spheres that can be achieved by a regular lattice arrangement is math frac pi 3 sqrt 2 simeq 0.74048. math The same packing density can also be achieved by alternate stackings of the same close packed planes of spheres, including structures that are aperiodic in the stacking ... Mathematics Does the proof stack up? ref Many crystal structures are based on a closepacking of atoms ... and gives an equally dense packing for spheres of a given radius. The most regular ones are fcc ABCABCA every third layer is the same hcp ABABABA every other layer is the same In closepacking ... spheres. The coordination number of hcp and fcc is 12 and its atomic packing factor APF is the number ... Image Close packed spheres, with umbrella light & camerea.jpg 100000x250px Image Hexagonal ... A plane. ref MathWorld urlname HexagonalClosePacking title Hexagonal ClosePacking ref Miller ... by any arrangement of spheres, either regular or irregular. This conjecture is now widely considered ... are very close to one another in energy, and it may be difficult to predict which form will be preferred ... system cubic close packed and Hexagonal crystal system hexagonal close packed hcp , based on their symmetry . Both are based upon sheets of spheres arranged at the vertices of a triangular tiling ... more details
File Three SPHERES on International Space Station.jpg thumb right 400px SPHERES aboard ISS The Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient Experimental Satellites SPHERES experiment is a testbed consisting of three convert 8 in mm adj mid diameter miniaturized satellite s that can operate in a variety of environments, including inside the International Space Station ISS . The MIT Space Systems Laboratory developed the experiment to provide the United States Air Force Air Force and NASA with a long term, replenishable, and upgradable testbed for formation flight. It will be used to validate high risk control, metrology , and autonomy technologies. The technologies are critical to the operation of distributed satellite and docking missions such as TechSat21, Starlight , Terrestrial Planet Finder , and Orbital Express . The SPHERES concept was inspired by the Training Remote Training Remotes from Star Wars . ref http science.nasa.gov headlines y2006 01jun spheres.htm?list79204 NASA Droids on the ISS ref Description To approximate the dynamics presented by these missions, the testbed consists of three miniaturized satellites , microsatellites or spheres, which can control their relative positions and orientations, and is operable on a 2 D laboratory platform, NASA s KC 135 , and the International Space Station . The testbed is being developed jointly by the MIT Space Systems Laboratory ... title International Space Station Status Report SS07 23 publisher NASA ref Timeline Three SPHERES ... references External links Commons category SPHERES http ssl.mit.edu MIT Space Systems Lab http aurora.aero Aurora Flight Sciences http ssl.mit.edu spheres index.html SPHERES official website http science.nasa.gov headlines y2006 01jun spheres.htm NASA SPHERES website http www.theregister.co.uk 2010 04 20 iss spheres upgrades Space Station lightsabre sparring hoverdroids to be upgraded http science.nasa.gov science news science at nasa 2006 01jun spheres Droids on the ISS Category International ... more details
Wiktionary packing wikibooks Packing & Moving Household Goods TOCright Packing normally refers to the process of Packaging and labeling It can also refer to Packing Packaging and labeling Relocation personal , also known as moving. Moving company , a business that puts goods into boxes to protect them and to make them easier to carry while in transit Meat packing industry , the process of cutting up a slaughtered animal into saleable products. Engineering Packing, also known as an O ring or other type of Seal mechanical , a term for a sealing material Structured packing , i.e. internals of a distillation column Mathematics Sphere packing , a 3 dimensional mathematical problem Packing problem , a recreational mathematics approach Set packing , a classic computing problem. Other uses Backpacking Packing firestopping , the process of installing backer materials, such as mineral wool in service penetrations Packing phallus , the practice of wearing a phallic object inside the clothing to give the appearance of male genitals Data compression , as in bit packing in computers Tourism Concealed carry , or packing, means to carry a concealed weapon An Autism therapies Packing autism therapy involving wrapping children in cold wet sheets. See also lookfrom intitle Pack disambiguation Packer disambiguation disambig ... more details
160px Two ways to stack three planes made of spheres Dense packing main Closepacking of spheres In three dimensional Euclidean space, the densest packing of equal spheres is achieved by a family of structures called Closepacking of spheresclose packed structures. One method for generating such a structure ... in the possibility of a random closepacking of spheres which is stable against compression. ref ... unequal spheres, n dimensional Euclidean space where the problem becomes circle packing in two dimensions ... . A typical sphere packing problem is to find an arrangement in which the spheres fill as large a proportion ... Image closepacking box.svg thumb right 160px HCP lattice left and the FCC lattice right are the two ... is called cubic closepacking or face centred cubic where the layers are alternated in the ABCABC sequence. The other is called hexagonal closepacking where the layers are alternated in the ABAB sequence ... a close packed structure. In all of these arrangements each sphere is surrounded by 12 other spheres ... Chicago isbn 0 226 28247 3 pages 82 90 ref Irregular packing main Random close pack If we attempt ... packing File Binary sphere packing LS3.png thumb A dense packing of spheres with a radius ratio of 0.648 ... of close packed equal spheres, or combining the multiple sizes of spheres into a chemical compound compound or interstitial compound interstitial packing. When many sizes of spheres or a particle ... the first, it is possible to arrange the large spheres in a close packed arrangement, and then arrange .... Structures are known which exceed the closepacking density for radius ratios up to 0.659786 ... packing becomes much more difficult. In a hyperbolic space there is no limit to the number of spheres ... 002 2791 7 ref Other spaces Sphere packing on the corners of a hypercube with the spheres defined by Hamming ... 98585 9 cite journal last1 Sloane first1 N. J. A. year 1984 title The Packing of Spheres url journal ... sphere insphr spheresinsphr.html Densest Packing of spheres into a sphere java applet Category Discrete ... more details
Hard spheres are widely used as model particles in the statistical mechanics statistical mechanical theory of fluids and solids. They are defined simply as impenetrable spheres that cannot overlap in space. They mimic the extremely strong repulsion that atoms and spherical molecules experience at very close distances. Hard spheres systems are studied by analytical means, by molecular dynamics simulations, and by the experimental study of certain colloid al model systems. Formal definition Hard spheres of diameter math sigma math are particles with the following pairwise interaction potential math V mathbf r 1, mathbf r 2 left begin matrix 0 & mbox if quad mathbf r 1 mathbf r 2 geq sigma infty & mbox if quad mathbf r 1 mathbf r 2 sigma end matrix right. math where math mathbf r 1 math and math mathbf r 2 math are the positions of the two particles. Hard spheres gas The first three virial coefficient s for hard spheres can be determined analytically math frac B 2 v 0 math math 4 frac math math frac B 3 v 0 2 math math 10 frac math math frac B 4 v 0 3 math math frac 712 35 frac 219 sqrt 2 35 pi frac 4131 35 pi arccos frac 1 sqrt 3 approx 18.365 math Higher order ones can be determined numerically using Monte Carlo integration . We list math frac B 5 v 0 4 math math 28.24 pm 0.08 math math frac B 6 v 0 5 math math 39.5 pm 0.4 math math frac B 7 v 0 6 math math 56.5 pm 1.6 math A table of virial coefficients for up to eight dimensions can be found on the page http www.sklogwiki.org SklogWiki index.php Hard sphere virial coefficients Hard sphere virial coefficients . Hard spheres liquid The static structure factor of the hard spheres liquid can be calculated using the Percus Yevick approximation . Literature J. P. Hansen and I. R. McDonald Theory of Simple Liquids Academic Press, London 1986 http www.sklogwiki.org SklogWiki index.php Hard sphere model Hard sphere model page on SklogWiki. Category Statistical mechanics Category Specific models nl Harde bollenmodel ... more details
This article describes the packing of circles on surfaces. For the related article on circle packing with a prescribed intersection graph , please see the circle packing theorem . Image Citrus fruits.jpg ... , circle packing is the study of the arrangement of circles of equal or varying sizes on a given surface such that no overlapping occurs and so that all circles touch another. The associated packing ... can be made to higher dimensions &ndash this is called sphere packing , which usually deals only with identical spheres. The branch of mathematics generally known as circle packing , however, is not overly concerned with dense packing of equal sized circles the densest packing is known but with the geometry ... maximum packing density, it does not have the lowest possible. The worst shape to pack onto a plane is not known, but the smoothed octagon has a packing density of about 0.902414, which is the lowest maximum packing density known of any centrally symmetric convex shape. ref MathWorld urlname SmoothedOctagon title Smoothed Octagon ref Packing densities of concave shapes such as star polygon s can be arbitrarily small. Packings in the plane File Circle packing hexagonal .svg thumb left Identical circles in a hexagonal packing arrangement, the densest packing possible. In two dimensional Euclidean ... density is the hexagon al packing arrangement, ref name ChangWang in which the centres of the circles ... authorlink eprint 1009.4322v1 title A Simple Proof of Thue s Theorem on Circle Packing class math.MG ... circles Circle packing in a square packed within the smallest possible square . Only four equilateral triangles are formed by adjacent circles. Packing problem Packing circles Packing circles in simple ... walls is important, and hexagonal packing is generally not optimal for small numbers of circles. Unequal circles File 2 d dense packing r1.svg thumb left A compact binary circle packing with the most ... compact packing , which is when every pair of circles in contact is in mutual contact with two other ... more details
known for packings of tetrahedra was less than that of sphere packingspheres , it was suggested that the regular ... density for sphere packingpacking congruent spheres is smaller than that for any other convex ...In geometry , tetrahedron packing is the problem of arranging identical regular tetrahedron tetrahedra ... on the optimal packing fraction of regular tetrahedra is 85.63 . ref name chen2010 Cite arxiv first1 ... Yoav Kallus doi 10.1007 s00454 010 9304 x title Upper bound on the packing density of regular tetrahedra ... Conway and Torquato showed that a packing fraction about 72 can be obtained by constructing a non Bravais lattice packing of tetrahedra with multiple particles with generally different orientations per repeating unit , and thus they showed that the best tetrahedron packing cannot be a lattice packing with one particle per repeating unit such that each particle has a common orientation . ref cite journal last1 Conway first1 J. H. title Packing, tiling, and covering with tetrahedra journal Proceedings ... pnas.0601389103 pmid 16818891 pmc 1502280 bibcode 2006PNAS..10310612C ref These packing constructions almost doubled the optimal Bravais lattice packing fraction 36.73 obtained by Hoylman. ref cite journal last1 Hoylman first1 Douglas J. title The densest lattice packing of tetrahedra journal ... like dice can randomly pack in a finite container up to a packing fraction between 75 and 76 . ref cite ... last4 Chaikin first4 Paul M. title Experiments on the Random Packing of Tetrahedral Dice journal Physical ... with a packing fraction of 77.86 . ref cite journal last1 Chen first1 Elizabeth R. title A Dense Packing ... and Jiao, who compressed Chen s structure using a computer algorithm to a packing fraction of 78.2021 ... a denser random tetrahedron packing with a packing fraction of 82.26 using the same algorithm. ref cite ... MC simulations of initially random systems that at packing densities > 50 an equilibrium fluid ... a packing density as high as 85.03 . ref cite journal last1 Haji Akbari first1 Amir last2 Engel first2 ... more details
postulated an optimal solution for sphere packingpackingspheres hundreds of years before it was proven ... be unused space if you are only packing circles. The most efficient way of packing circles, Circle packing hexagonal packing , produces approximately 91 efficiency. http mathworld.wolfram.com CirclePacking.html Sphere packings in higher dimensions Main Sphere packing In three dimensions, the face centered cubic lattice offers the best lattice packing of spheres, and is believed to be the optimal ...Expert subject Computer science date November 2008 Puzzles Packing problems are a class of optimization ... issues. Each packing problem has a dual covering problem , which asks how many of the same ... to overlap. In a packing problem, you are given containers usually a single two or three dimensional ... must be packed into this container Usually the packing must be without overlaps between goods and other ... is allowed but should be minimized. Covering Packing Problem Pairs Packing infinite space Many of these problems ... of packing objects as densely as possible in infinite Euclidean space . This problem is relevant ... including tetrahedron packing tetrahedra , ref cite doi 10.1038 nature08641 ref ref cite doi 10.1007 ... Hexagonal packing of circles File Circle packing hexagonal .svg thumb right The hexagonal packing ... in the circle packing theorem . The related circle packing problem deals with packing circles ... to fill three dimensional space completely, the most natural packing being the cubic honeycomb . No other ... packing Tetrahedra can achieve a packing of at least 85 . One of the best packings of regular dodecahedron ... . class wikitable Solid Maximum known packing density Lowest upper bound for lattice packing density ... Ko rper. Nachr. Akad. Wiss. Go ttingen Math. Phys. KI. II 311 355 1904 . ref Packing in 3 dimensional containers Spheres into a Euclidean ball The problem of finding the smallest ball such that math ... scriptstyle big lfloor frac 2 2 r 1 2 big rfloor math . Spheres in a cuboid Determine the number of sphere ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Hymns Spheres Type studio album Artist Keith Jarrett Cover Keith Jarrett Hymns Spheres.jpg Released 1979 Recorded at the Benedictine Abbey in Ottobeuren, Germany Genre Post bop Length 92 58 Label ECM record label ECM Producer Last album Eyes of the Heart br 1976 This album Hymns Spheres br 1976 Next album Sun Bear Concerts br 1976 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1Score Rating 2 5 ref cite web url http www.allmusic.com album hymnsspheres r141472 title Hymns Spheres Keith Jarrett & 124 AllMusic first Richard S. last Ginell work allmusic.com year 2011 last update accessdate 18 July 2011 ref rev2 rev2Score Hymns Spheres is a jazz album by American pianist Keith Jarrett released in 1979 by the ECM record label ECM record label, recorded at the Benedictine Abbey in Ottobeuren, Germany. This solo album consists of improvisations on the massive Karl Joseph Riepp Trinity Baroque pipe organ. The original double vinyl album has never been reissued on compact disc. Track listing Hymn of Remembrance small Jarrett small 4 02 Spheres 1st Movement small Jarrett small 7 40 Spheres 2nd Movement small Jarrett small 12 59 Spheres 3rd Movement small Jarrett small 10 13 Spheres 4th Movement small Jarrett small 12 20 Spheres 5th Movement small Jarrett small 4 34 Spheres 6th Movement small Jarrett small 11 25 Spheres 7th Movement small Jarrett small 8 16 Spheres 8th Movement small Jarrett small 5 18 Spheres 9th Movement small Jarrett small 12 06 Hymn of Release small Jarrett small 4 05 Personnel Keith Jarrett pipe organ References Refbegin Reflist Refend DEFAULTSORT Hymns Spheres Category Keith Jarrett albums Category 1976 albums Category Post bop albums Category ECM Records albums ... more details
Infobox Single See Wikipedia WikiProject Songs Name Spheres Cover Mike Oldfield Spheres.jpg Cover size Border Caption Artist Mike Oldfield Album Music of the Spheres Mike Oldfield album Music of the Spheres A side B side Released start date 2008 3 3 df y Format Digital download Recorded Genre classical music Classical br New age music New Age Length 5 22 Label Universal Music Classics and Jazz br Mercury Records Writer Mike Oldfield Producer Mike Oldfield Audio sample? Certification Last single Surfing song Surfing br 2005 This single Spheres br 2008 Next single Misc Spheres is a classical music classical music download digital only single by Mike Oldfield from his album Music of the Spheres Mike Oldfield album Music of the Spheres released on 3 March 2008 see 2008 in music . Demo version The track Spheres is an early demo from the conception of Music of the Spheres and thus has no input from others, such as Karl Jenkins . It contains parts of the tracks Harbinger and Shabda from the album. The track is largely recorded using synthesized instruments, which were not used in the final album in favour of a full orchestra. Charts At the week ending 9 March 2008, Spheres was 1 on the 7digital Track Chart. ref cite web url http www.7digital.com charts track title Track Chart publisher 7 Digital date 2008 03 09 accessdate 2008 03 10 ref Track listing Spheres 5 22 References Reflist Mike Oldfield Category 2008 singles Category Mike Oldfield songs Category Songs written by Mike Oldfield cs Spheres Mike Oldfield pl Spheres ... more details
DnDmodule module title Crystal Spheres module image Image SJA3 Crystal Spheres.jpg 250px alt The hummingbird swoops past a darkened sun. image caption The cover of the Crystal Spheres module, with art by Brom . The artwork depicts the Hummingbird, swooping past a darkened sun. module code SJA3 module rules Advanced Dungeons & Dragons Editions of Dungeons & Dragons Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition 2nd edition module character levels 5 7 module campaign Spelljammer module authors J. Paul LaFountain module first published 1990 series about the AD&D game module the cosmological model Celestial spheres Crystal Spheres is an Adventure Dungeons & Dragons adventure module published in 1990 for the Dungeons & Dragons Advanced Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role playing game . Plot summary Crystal Spheres is a Spelljammer scenario, where the player characters encounter a unique ship, called the Hummingbird and its captain asks them to help save his homesphere from a mysterious bard called T Lann . ref name SW http spelljammer.wikia.com wiki SJA3 Crystal Spheres SJA3 Crystal Spheres article at Spelljammer Wiki ref Publication history SJA3 Crystal Spheres was written by J. Paul LaFountain , with a cover by Gerald Brom Brom , and was published by TSR in 1990 as a 64 page booklet with a poster and an outer folder. ref name SW http spelljammer.wikia.com wiki SJA3 Crystal Spheres SJA3 Crystal Spheres article at Spelljammer Wiki ref Reception Empty section date February 2011 Reviews Empty section date February 2011 References reflist Category Dungeons & Dragons modules Category Spelljammer D&D stub ... more details
Set packing is a classical NP complete problem in computational complexity theory and combinatorics , and was one ... of S . Then, the set packing problem asks if some k subsets in the list are pairwise disjoint sets ... math and a family math mathcal S math of subsets of math mathcal U math , a packing is a subfamily math ... disjoint. In the set packing decision problem , the input is a pair math mathcal U , mathcal S math and an integer math k math the question is whether there is a set packing of size math k math or more. In the set packing optimization problem , the input is a pair math mathcal U , mathcal S math , and the task is to find a set packing that uses the most sets. The problem is clearly in NP complexity ... problem optimization version of the problem, maximum set packing , asks for the maximum number of pairwise ... linear program , belongs to the class of packing problem s, and its dual linear program is the set cover problem . ref harvtxt Vazirani 2001 ref Covering Packing Problem Pairs Integer linear program formulation The maximum set packing problem can be formulated as the following integer linear ... packing or not Example As a simple example, suppose you re at a convention of foreign ambassadors .... A maximum set packing will choose the largest possible number of ambassadors under the desired constraint .... Heuristics and related problems Set packing is one among a family of problems related to covering ... the minimum number of such sets. The maximum set packing need not cover every possible element. One advantage of the set packing problem is that even if it s hard for some k , it s not hard to find ... the sets it intersects. We continually do this until no sets are left, and we have a set packing of some size, although it may not be the maximum set packing. Although no algorithm can always produce results close to the maximum see next section , on many practical inputs these heuristics do so ... problem is about as easy as set packing. Karp originally showed set packing NP complete ... more details
italic title Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Metallic Spheres Type Album Artist The Orb featuring David Gilmour Cover Released Start date 2010 10 12 df y Recorded 2009 Genre Ambient br Progressive Rock Length 48 53 Label Columbia Records Columbia Producer Alex Paterson Chronology The Orb albums Last album Baghdad Batteries Orbsessions Volume III 2009 This album Metallic Spheres br 2010 Next album Misc Extra chronology Artist David Gilmour albums Type album Last album Live in Gda sk br 2008 This album Metallic Spheres br 2010 Next album Album reviews rev1 Allmusic rev1score Rating 3 5 ref Allmusic class album id metallic spheres r1959984 pure url yes Allmusic review ref rev2 The A.V. Club rev2score C ref http www.avclub.com articles the orb featuring david gilmour metallic spheres,46253 The A.V. Club review ref rev3 Pitchfork Media rev3score 7.0 10 ref http pitchfork.com reviews albums 14692 metallic spheres Pitchfork Media review ref rev4 QoQuaq Music rev4score 4 5 ref http qoquaq.blogspot.com 2010 10 metallic spheres.html QoQuaq Music review ref rev5 SPIN magazine SPIN rev5score Rating 5 10 ref http www.spin.com reviews orb vs david gilmour metallic spheres columbiasony SPIN review ref Automatically generated by DASHBot Metallic Spheres is the tenth studio album ... spheres to be celebrated through original laser show and appearances by the orb 103943418.html title The Orb Featuring David Gilmour s Metallic Spheres to be Celebrated Through Original Laser ... author Columbia Records ref Track listing Metallic Side 28 42 Metallic Spheres Hymns to the Sun Black Graham Hiding in Plain View Classified Spheres Side 20 12 Es Vedra Hymns to the Sun Reprise Olympic ..., and mixing by Youth. References reflist The Orb David Gilmour DEFAULTSORT Metallic Spheres Category The Orb albums Category 2010 albums 2010s album stub cs Metallic Spheres ka Metallic Spheres nl Metallic Spheres nn Metallic Spheres pl Metallic Spheres ru Metallic Spheres ... more details
wiktionary closeClose may refer to Close surname In music Close , a song by Rascal Flatts from Unstoppable Rascal Flatts album Unstoppable Close , a song by Soul Asylum from Candy from a Stranger Close , a song by Westlife from Coast to Coast Westlife album Coast to Coast Close to the Edit , a song by Art of Noise Other Close noun pronounced to rhyme with adjectival form of close , a British term for alley or cul de sac Close , an ecclesiastical term for lawn next to a cathedral or convent Close , a common stair or entryway in a Apartment Scotland Scottish tenement close a low level IO function on file descriptor in C programming Closing real estate close , old English term for an estate, as in a close of land See also Clos disambiguation Closed disambiguation Closet , a small and enclosed space Closing disambiguation Distance , a numerical description of how far apart objects are Klose , a surname disambig de Close fr Close ja pt Close ... more details
Spheres of exchange is a classic topic in anthropology , ref name Sillitoe 1 Sillitoe, Paul 2006 Why spheres of exchange? Ethnology 45 1 pp. 1 23, page 1 ref and a heuristic tool for analyzing trading restrictions within societies that are communally governed and where resources are communally available. ref name Sillitoe 1 Basically, taboos or restrictions on the trading or gifting of subsistence items for wealth items can be analyzed using a spheres of exchange template where the production and utilization of wealth is considered as a different category or sphere from subsistence activities and products. These societal restrictions exist in order to maintain the availability of subsistence for all of the group s members by preventing their accumulation by a few, and these restrictions also inhibit the accumulation of wealth by a few individuals, to the detriment of the community. ref Bohannan, Paul and Dalton, George 1965 Introduction pages 3 7 In Bohannan, Paul and Dalton, George editors 1965 Markets in Africa Eight subsistence economies in transition Doubleday, Garden City, New Jersey, pp. 1 26, http www.worldcat.org oclc 64841839 OCLC 64841839 ref The introduction of money into communal societies where these sphere of exchange restrictions exist can disrupt resource allocation ... Sillitoe 2 Sillitoe, Paul 2006 Why spheres of exchange? Ethnology 45 1 pp. 1 23, page 2 ref However, in some societies money has been more or less successfully integrated into spheres of exchange. ref Barth, Fredrik 1967 Economic Spheres in Darfur pages 156 157 and 164 165 In Firth, Raymond editor ... 3121 5 9 20Economic 20spheres 20in 20Darfur.pdf Chapter 9 Economic Spheres in Darfur pages 163 164 ... name Sillitoe 3 Sillitoe, Paul 2006 Why spheres of exchange? Ethnology 45 1 pp. 1 23, page 3 ref of spheres ... In calling these different areas of exchange spheres, we imply that each includes commodities that are not regarded as equivalent to those commodities in other spheres and hence in ordinary situations ... more details
Infobox Album Name Remixes of the Spheres Type remix Artist Ian Brown Cover Ian Brown ROTS.jpg Released 26 November 2002 Recorded 2001 2002 Genre Alternative rock , Indie rock Length 61 44 Label Universal Records Universal Producer James Lavelle Last album Music of the Spheres Ian Brown album Music of the Spheres br 2001 This album Remixes of the Spheres br 2002 Next album Solarized br 2004 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1Score Rating 2 5 ref Allmusic class album id r618584 pure url yes ref Remixes of the Spheres is a collection of mixes, live versions and unreleased B sides by former lead singer of the Stone Roses , Ian Brown . The album reworks many tracks from his 3rd album, Music of the Spheres Ian Brown album Music of the Spheres . UNKLE , Nightmares on Wax and Freelance Hellraiser were among the collaborators on this album. Track listing F.E.A.R. Unkle UNKLE Mix 5 55 Northern Lights The Freelance Hellraiser Mix 5 42 The Gravy Train Nightmares On Wax N.O.W. Mix 5 00 Forever and a Day Cedarblue Mix 4 12 Shadow of a Saint The Boy Bierton Mix 6 26 Superstar 4 50 My Star 2002 4 05 Hear No See No Speak No Album Version 5 25 Cokane in My Brain DJ Mek Nuremberg Scratch Mix 1 45 The Gravy Train N.O.W. Instrumental 5 07 Stardust Instrumental 4 38 El Mundo Pequeno Live Acoustic Version 2 48 F.E.A.R UNKLE Instrumental 5 51 References reflist Ian Brown Category Ian Brown albums Category 2002 remix albums Category Universal Records remix albums ... more details
player with up to 8 players. External links http www.spheresofchaos.com Official Spheres of Chaos Web Site http www.spheresofchaos.com p tips.php Spheres of Chaos quick tips. http www.acornarcade.com articles Spheres of Chaos bonus list index980.html Spheres of Chaos Powerups. Category 2000 video ... more details
italictitle Spheres of Justice A Defense of Pluralism and Equality is a book written by Michael Walzer ISBN 0 465 08189 4 . In it, Walzer argues in favour of an idea he calls complex equality , and against the view that good economics goods with different meaning and content can be lumped together into the larger category of primary goods , as is advocated by John Rawls , in his A Theory of Justice from 1971. The book might be considered an attempt, from a liberal starting point, to bridge some of the disagreements between liberalism liberals and communitarianism communitarians in political philosophy . External links http books.google.com books?id 2ndITi80AcsC&printsec frontcover&source gbs summary r&cad 0 preview through Google Books large images Category 1983 books Category books in political philosophy Poli book stub de Spheres of Justice ... more details
Infobox short story See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels name The Crystal Spheres title orig translator author David Brin country language English series genre Science Fiction published in publication type publisher media type pub date 1984 english pub date preceded by followed by The Crystal Spheres is a science fiction short story by David Brin , originally published in the January 1984 issue of Analog magazine Analog and collected in The River of Time . ref http www.isfdb.org cgi bin title.cgi?48767 ISFDB entry ref It won the Hugo Award for Best Short Story 1985. ref http www.locusmag.com SFAwards Db NomLit17.html 619 Locus Index to SF Awards ref In it, Brin presents an explanation for the Fermi Paradox . Plot summary Humanity s first attempt at interstellar space travel ends in disaster as the ship is destroyed near the edge of the Solar System by a transparent barrier. They come to realize that Earth and every other Earth like solar system are surrounded by crystal spheres , while uninhabitable systems are not. Every attempt to break spheres around other systems from the outside fails. Mankind is thus prevented from expanding and colonizing the universe. The main character takes part in an expedition to a newly discovered habitable solar system with a shattered sphere. They discover the remnants of an alien civilization, the Nataral. From studying the Nataral, they learn that the only way to break the crystal spheres is from the inside. It appears as if the spheres have been put in place by someone something to prevent any single civilization from dominating the universe. It is also discovered that the Nataral chose to go into a kind of suspended animation around a black hole while waiting for the other civilizations of the universe to develop interstellar flight capabilities. Authors notes In the author notes for this story, Brin outlines both sides of the Fermi paradox ... links isfdb title id 48767 title The Crystal Spheres DEFAULTSORT Crystal Spheres, The Category Science ... more details
225px right thumb Geocentric celestial spheres Peter Apian s Cosmographia Antwerp, 1539 Image ... orbs The celestial spheres , or celestial orbs , were the fundamental entities of the cosmological ... spheres made of an aetherial transparent fifth element Aether classical element quintessence , like jewels set in orbs. In the geocentric model adopted in the Middle Ages, the planetary spheres i.e. ... of the universe in this order the spheres of the Moon , Mercury planet Mercury , Venus , Sun , Mars , Jupiter , and Saturn . In more detailed models the seven planetary spheres contained other secondary spheres within them. The planetary spheres were followed by the stellar sphere containing the fixed ..., Venus, and then followed the standard model for the upper spheres. ref Bruce S. Eastwood, Ordering ... Kepler ref Others disagreed about the relative place of the spheres of Mercury and Venus Ptolemy ..., on the other hand, celestial spheres were actually thick spheres of rarefied matter nested one within ... celestial orbs model introduced by Copernicus, the ascending order of the planets and their spheres ... Antiquity In Greek antiquity the ideas of celestial spheres and rings first appeared in the cosmology ... Eudoxus then developed a planetary model using concentric spheres for all the planets, with three spheres each for his models of the Moon and the Sun and four each for the models of the other five planets, thus making 27 spheres in all ref Neugebauer, History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy ... modified this system, using five spheres for his models of the Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, and Mars and retaining four spheres for the models of Jupiter and Saturn, thus making 33 spheres in all. ref ... Each planet is attached to the innermost of its own particular set of spheres. Although historians ... developed a physical cosmology of spheres, based on the mathematical models of Eudoxus. In Aristotle ... are moved by either 47 or 55 interconnected spheres which form a unified planetary system, ref ... more details
graphical perspective in the painting and the spheres he had painted. ref name Liquid Dal ... galatea spheres.htm Galatea of Spheres Salvador Dal DEFAULTSORT Galatea Of The Spheres ... more details
The cosmological model of concentric or homocentric spheres , developed by Eudoxus , Callippus , and Aristotle , employed celestial spheres all of which had the same center, the Earth. ref Citation last Neugebauer first Otto author link Otto Neugebauer title A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy place Berlin Heidelberg New York publisher Springer Verlag year 1975 volume 2 pages 677 85 isbn 0 387 06995 X ref ref Citation last Lloyd first G. E. R. author link G. E. R. Lloyd title Aristotelian Explorations place Cambridge publisher Cambridge University Press origyear 1996 year 1999 chapter Heavenly aberrations Aristotle the amateur astronomer pages 167 8 isbn 0 521 55619 8 ref In this respect it differed from the epicycle epicyclic and eccentric models with multiple centers, which were used by Ptolemy and other mathematical astronomers until the time of Copernicus . Notes reflist Category Ancient Greek astronomy Category Early scientific cosmologies ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Spheres 2 Type studio Artist Delerium Cover Released 1994 Recorded Genre Electronica Electronic Length Label Producer Bill Leeb, Rhys Fulber Last album This album Next album Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1score Rating 3 5 ref Allmusic class album id r266192 ref noprose yes Spheres 2 is an album by Canadian industrial electronic music group Delerium in 1994 see 1994 in music . Track listing Morphology 9 28 TransHumanist 10 11 Shockwave 8 33 Dimensional Space 5 27 Hypoxia 8 50 Otherworld 4 49 In Four Dimensions 12 31 Other Released September 9, 1994 Genre Electronic Ambient Worldbeat Producers Bill Leeb, Rhys Fulber In Four Dimensions samples heavily from 1 2 by Recoil band Recoil . References Reflist Delerium 1990s electronic album stub Category Delerium albums Category 1994 albums ... more details
on the threshold between female and male spheres. ref cite book last1 Barringer first1 Tim editor1 ... Spheres is an ideology that defines and prescribes separate spheres for women and men. Culturally ... of gendered separation of spheres is much older. The notion of separate spheres dictates that men ... 342&ndash 43 chapter chapterurl ref The separate spheres ideology presumes that women and men are inherently ... of spheres are natural . History The idea that women should inhabit a separate, domestic sphere ... year 1993 title Golden age to separate spheres? A review of the categories and chronology of English ... , Aristotle described two separate spheres in Greek society, the home oikos and the city polis ... spheres was French political thinker Alexis de Tocqueville . ref name kerber1988 cite journal last1 Kerber first1 Linda K. authorlink1 Linda K. Kerber last2 first2 year 1988 title Separate Spheres, Female ... considered the separate spheres of women and men a positive development, ref name kerber1988 ... of separate spheres managed to prevail in the dominant mainstream consciousness as well founded ... theory feminist theorists began to take a much more critical stance toward the separate spheres ... were critical of the separate spheres ideology, seeing it as a source of women s denigration. ref name kerber1988 Influences Industrialization The ideology of separate spheres emerged in the wake ... chapter Separate Spheres chapterurl http books.google.com books?id blI0 52wIwYC&pg PA519 year 2009 .... The separate spheres ideology reflected and fueled these changes. ref cite book last1 Adams first1 ... 226 ref Biological determinism The separation between female and male spheres was heavily influenced ... The Cultural Ideal of Separate Spheres url http books.google.com books?id UvAZD45BMDoC&pg PA231 ...?id bJkRgooQLV0C&pg PA43 Conservative Protestantism and the Separate Spheres . Ungodly women gender and the first ... book title Beyond separate spheres intellectual roots of modern feminism last Rosenberg first Rosalind ... more details
see also Bucket argument Inertial frame of reference Isaac Newton s rotating spheres argument attempts ... the tension in the string joining two identical spheres. The basis of the argument is that all observers ... observers and the rate of rotation of the spheres which is different for observers with differing rates ... stars . In the 1846 Andrew Motte translation of Newton s words ref name spheres See the Principia ... Newton s laws do not apply, so the experiment really only shows what happens when the spheres ... and Inertia , p. 387 An interpretation that avoids this conflict is to say that the rotating spheres ... spheres tied with a string and rotating at an angular rate . Because of the rotation, the string tying the spheres together is under tension. Image Rotating sphere forces.PNG thumb Figure 2 Exploded view of rotating spheres in an inertial frame of reference showing the centripetal forces on the spheres ... this observation are presented. Figure 1 shows two identical spheres rotating about the center of the string ..., not just these spheres. In resisting this ubiquitous centrifugal force, the string is placed under tension, accounting for their observation, despite the fact that the spheres are at rest. ref name ... main Coriolis effect What if the spheres are not rotating in the inertial frame string tension is zero ? Then string tension in the rotating frame also is zero. But how can that be? The spheres in the rotating ... of rotation to one of the spheres, and is a vector representing the angular rotation, with magnitude ... of the ball, and R is the distance from the axis of rotation to the spheres the magnitude of the displacement vector, x sub B sub R , locating one or the other of the spheres . According to the rotating ... case, according to the rotating observer the spheres now are moving, and the Coriolis force which ... in the string the Coriolis force looks after everything. General case What happens if the spheres ... exerts a centripetal inward force on the spheres of math mathbf T m omega I 2 R mathbf u R . math This force ... more details
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