Use dmy dates date April 2012 Infobox military person name Sir CloudesleyShovell image File Sir CloudesleyShovell, 1650 1707.jpg 200px caption Sir CloudesleyShovell, 1650 1707 . Oil by Michael Dahl ... of the Sewers Admiral of the Fleet Royal Navy Admiral of the Fleet Sir CloudesleyShovell ... www.royalnavalmuseum.org info sheets cloudesley shovell.htm title Biography CloudesleyShovell publisher www.royalnavalmuseum.org date accessdate 2010 02 06 ref In 1653, when Cloudesley was three, his ... s widowed mother, Anne Jenkinson, remarried John Flaxman. In 1691 CloudesleyShovell married Elizabeth ... SIR CLOUDESLEY SHOVELL.html title James Herbert Cooke, The Shipwreck of Sir CloudesleyShovell ... there is a memorial to her and her husband. CloudesleyShovell is also mentioned on the memorial ... spelt their surname as Shovell in their wills. The Christian name Cloudesley was often indistinctly ... What exactly happened to Sir CloudesleyShovell has never been discovered. The most likely outcome ... of Sir CloudesleyShovell , The Mariner s Mirror , Vol. 43 1957 333 336., J.G.Pickwell, Improbable ..., The Shipweck of Sir CloudesleyShovell on the Scilly Islands in 1707 , Society of Antiquaries, London, 1 Feb. 1883 Powell, J. W. Damer, The Wreck of Sir CloudesleyShovell , The Mariner s Mirror , Vol ... Rayner, 9 September 2005. Sir CloudesleyShovell Stuart Admiral , by Simon Harris , Spellmount 2000. ISBN 1 86227 099 6 John B. Hattendorf , Sir George Rooke and Sir CloudesleyShovell in Peter ... www.oxforddnb.com view article 25470 Shovell, Sir Cloudesley bap. 1650, d. 1707 Oxford Dictionary of National ... Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Shovell, Cloudesley ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION ... Scilly naval disaster of 1707 Off the coast of Scilly Isles DEFAULTSORT Shovell, Cloudesley Category ... People from North Norfolk district de CloudesleyShovell fr CloudesleyShovell ... Christian name of Cloudesley was the surname of his maternal grandmother Lucy Cloudisley ... more details
Cloudesley A Tale 1830 is the fifth novel published by eighteenth century philosopher and novelist William Godwin . Publication details Cloudesley was published thirteen years after Mandeville novel Mandeville , Godwin s fourth novel, and two years after the completion of his four volume History of the Commonwealth of England . He was 74 when Cloudesley was issued. ref name Allen Allen, Cloudesley A Tale . ref Plot and themes According to the literary scholar Graham Allen, Cloudesley is a story of deceit and usurpation, fraud and prolonged guilt but, far more importantly, it is the story of how a man raises himself from crime to transcend not only his own past but the apparently inexorable laws of blood relations and class divisions. ref name Allen He argues that Cloudesley is the greatest example of a theme frequently returned to in Godwin s work, a theme obviously close to his heart the ability of human beings to transcend the apparent logic of consanguinity and to form parental and filial relations with those to whom they are not related by blood. ref name Allen Notes reflist Bibliography Allen, Graham. Cloudesley A Tale . The Literary Encyclopedia . 27 September 2004. Retrieved on 22 April 2008. Category 1830 novels novel stub es Cloudesley ... more details
Cloudesley Marsham may refer to C. D. B. Marsham 1835&ndash 1915 , Oxford University cricketer C. H. B. Marsham 1879&ndash 1928 , his son, Oxford University and Kent cricketer hndis Marsham, Cloudesley ... more details
1,400 2,000 survivors 13 operator Royal Navy File Sir CloudesleyShovell, 1650 1707.jpg thumb Sir CloudesleyShovell, 1650 1707 . Oil by Michael Dahl . Scilly naval disaster of 1707 is an umbrella ... of the Fleet Royal Navy Commander in Chief of the British Fleets , CloudesleyShovell Sir CloudesleyShovell , the ships sailed to the Mediterranean, attacked Toulon and also managed to inflict ... HMS Isabella 2 . ref name Antiquaries http www.hmssurprise.org Resources SIR CLOUDESLEY SHOVELL.html James Herbert Cooke, The Shipwreck of Sir CloudesleyShovell on the Scilly Islands in 1707 ... SIR CLOUDESLEY SHOVELL.html James Herbert Cooke, The Shipwreck of Sir CloudesleyShovell on the Scilly ... CloudesleyShovell biography of CloudesleyShovell, retrieved 2010 01 08. ref and over 2,000 ref ... ref http www.britannia.com history biographies cloudesley shovell.html Sir CloudesleyShovell on www.britannia.com ... SHOVELL.html James Herbert Cooke, The Shipweck of Sir CloudesleyShovell on the Scilly Islands n 1707 , Society of Antiquaries, London, Feb. 1, 1883 Powell, J. W. Damer, The Wreck of Sir CloudesleyShovell ... title Biography CloudesleyShovell publisher www.royalnavalmuseum.org date accessdate 2010 02 ..., The Wreck of Sir CloudesleyShovell The Mariner s Mirror , Vol. 43 1957 333 336., J.G.Pickwell ... in late October. The force under Shovell s command consisted of fifteen ship of the line ships ..., Isles of Scilly Bishop Rock all are in the lower left of this image. Shovell s fleet of twenty one ... entered the mouth of the English Channel and Shovell s Master naval sailing masters believed that they were on the last leg of their journey. ref name Lenox On 21 October, Shovell made an astronomical ... hours sail would bring them in sight of the isles. Shovell adopted the prevalent opinion ..., drowning her entire crew of about 800 men and Admiral Shovell himself. ref For more detail on the wreck ... Admiral Shovell s treasure ISBN 0 9523971 3 7 hardback ISBN 0 9523971 2 9 paperback . This includes ... more details
Image HMS Association 1697 .jpg thumb 200px The Scilly naval disaster of 1707 , which claimed the life of Sir John Narborough, Bt, and his younger brother. The Narborough Baronetcy , of Knowlton, Kent Knowlton in the County of Kent, was a title in the Baronetage of England . It was created on 15 November 1688 in honour of John Narborough Admiral Sir John Narborough who had died aboard his ship in May 1688 for his four year old son John, and with remainder to his younger brother, James. The title became extinct when both brothers were lost in the Scilly naval disaster of 1707 , alongside their stepfather, Admiral Cloudesley Shovell Sir Cloudesley Shovell . The brothers were buried in St Mary s Old Church, St Mary s Old Town Church on St Mary s, Isles of Scilly , and are commemorated in St Clement s Church, Knowlton Knowlton church, Kent . Their memorial displays an incredible rendition of the grounding of HMS Association HMS Association ref name legacy http www.kenthistoryforum.co.uk index.php?topic 2623.0 www.kenthistoryforum.co.uk The legacy of Sir Cloudsley Shovel ref and has been attributed to Grinling Gibbons . ref name hg Citation url http list.english heritage.org.uk resultsingle.aspx?uid 1111748 title Church of St Clement, Goodnestone year 2011 work The National Heritage List for England publisher English Heritage accessdate 29 April 2011 ref The Narborough family seat was Knowlton Court . After the Narborough brothers death, the family estates passed to their sister, Elizabeth, the wife of Thomas D Aeth, who was himself created a Baronet in 1716 see D Aeth Baronets . Narborough Baronets, of Knowlton 1688 Sir John Narborough, 1st Baronet 1684 1707 References Rayment bt date March 2012 Reflist Use dmy dates date March 2012 DEFAULTSORT Narborough Category Baronetcies Category Extinct baronetcies ... more details
. Sir John died with his brother James and their stepfather Admiral Cloudesley Shovel Sir CloudesleyShovell aboard HMS Association HMS Association during the Scilly naval disaster of 1707 . ref name Antiquaries http www.hmssurprise.org Resources SIR CLOUDESLEY SHOVELL.html James Herbert Cooke, The Shipwreck of Sir CloudesleyShovell on the Scilly Islands in 1707, From Original and Contemporary ... more details
otherships HMS Phoenix Infobox ship begin Infobox ship image Ship image Ship caption Infobox Ship Career Hide header Ship country UK Ship flag Image Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg 60px Royal Navy Ensign Ship name HMS Phoenix Ship ordered Ship builder Ship laid down Ship launched 1694 Ship acquired Ship commissioned Ship decommissioned Ship in service Ship out of service Ship renamed Ship struck Ship reinstated Ship honours Ship captured Ship fate hulked, 1742 sold 1744 Ship status Ship notes Infobox ship characteristics Hide header Header caption Ship class sixth rate frigate Ship tons burthen 273 tons Ship length convert 93 ft m abbr on Ship beam Ship draught Ship draft Ship hold depth Ship sail plan Ship propulsion Sails Ship complement Ship armament 20 guns of six pounds Ship notes HMS Phoenix was originally built as a fireship . In 1707, she belonged to Cloudesley Shovell Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell s fleet. She saw action during the unsuccessful Battle of Toulon 1707 Battle of Toulon and was present during the Scilly naval disaster of 1707 great naval disaster off the Isles of Scilly when Shovell and four of his ships HMS Association Association , HMS Firebrand 1694 Firebrand , HMS Romney 1694 Romney and HMS Eagle 1679 Eagle were lost, claiming the lives of nearly 2,000 ref Dava Sobel Sobel, Dava , Longitude book Longitude The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time , Fourth Estate Ltd., London 1998, p. 6, ISBN 1 85702 571 7 ref sailors. Phoenix ran ashore between Tresco, Isles of Scilly Tresco and St Martin s, Isles of Scilly St Martin s ref name submerged http www.submerged.co.uk association.php Sir Clowdisley Shovell and The Association, by Peter Mitchell, on July 4, 2007 ref and had to be beached, but could be kept seaworthy and finally managed to reach Portsmouth . In 1709, the former fireship was re built as a 20 gun sixth rate frigate . When under the command of Vincent Pearse , she sailed to Nassau, ... more details
Infobox UK place official name Cockthorpe country England region East of England shire district North Norfolk shire county Norfolk civil parish Binham static image Image All Saints Cockthorpe.jpg 250px static image caption All Saints Church, Cockthorpe. population 273 population ref parish, 2001 census population density os grid reference TG982422 latitude 52.94 longitude 0.94 post town HOLT postcode area NR postcode district NR23 dial code 01328 constituency westminster North Norfolk UK Parliament constituency North Norfolk london distance Cockthorpe is a hamlet within the civil parish of Binham , in the England English county of Norfolk . ref name osexp251 Ordnance Survey 2002 . OS Explorer Map 251 Norfolk Coast Central ISBN 0 319 21887 2. ref It is convert 5.2 mi km north west of Holt, Norfolk Holt , convert 28.9 mi km north west of Norwich and convert 127 mi km north of London . The nearest railway station is at Sheringham railway station Sheringham for the Bittern Line which runs between Sheringham , Cromer and Norwich. The nearest airport is Norwich International Airport . The hamlet is close to the North Norfolk coast and the villages of Stiffkey , Blakeney, Norfolk Blakeney and Morston . The hamlet has a small church which is called All Saints and has a 14th century tower. The church is now disused. Notable residents Cloudesley Shovell Sir Cloudesley Shovell , ref Memoirs of Sir Cloudesley Shovel, Knt. Rear Admiral of England, Etc. From Lives of the Admirals by John Campbell author John Campbell , Publ. 1744. ref the distinguished seafarer, was born in Cockthorpe. Gough Calthorpe family Sir Henry Gough, 1st Baronet , Member of Parliament, 1709 74 was made a Baronet in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom in 1728. He married into the Calthorpe family, descendants of the Calthorpes who held the manors of Cockthorpe , Norfolk , and Ampton, Suffolk , and who were also sometime Lord of the Manor Lords of the Manor of Edgbaston . The Fess Ermine heraldry Ermine in ... more details
Infobox church name St Mary s Church, St Mary s image NewChurchStMarys.JPG caption St Mary s Church, Hugh Town, St Mary s dedication Blessed Virgin Mary denomination Church of England churchmanship Broad Church parish St Mary s, Isles of Scilly deanery Powder archdeaconry diocese Diocese of Truro Truro province Province of Canterbury Canterbury canon priest vicar Revd Guy C Scott vicar1 rector curate curate1 minister assistant honpriest deacon pastor organistdom organist organis1 website coordinates coord 49 54 56 N 06 18 38 W type landmark region GB display title osgraw SV906106 St Mary s Church, St Mary s is a parish church in the Church of England located in St Mary s, Isles of Scilly , United Kingdom UK . History In Hugh Town , another church was opened in 1838 to serve the population of the town, which had replaced Old Town as the main centre. Here, the present church of St Mary the Virgin is now the Anglican parish church of the Islands. King William IV granted 1,500 towards its erection and it was consecrated on 7 September 1838. ref Nikolaus Pevsner 1970 Cornwall 2nd ed. The Buildings of England . Penguin p. 209 ref It contains the coloured and gilded wooden lion from the flagship of Cloudesley Shovell Sir Cloudesley Shovell , wrecked in 1707. Outside the church are two lead water cisterns dating from 1727 . The church was repaired by Corfield C. Russell and Son , Architects of Falmouth, Cornwall Falmouth between 1979 and 1980 . ref http www.churchplansonline.org ref Bells The peal of eight bells were cast together at Whitechapel Bell Foundry to a Gillett & Johnston 1922 profile in 2008. The bell frame was constructed and bells hung by Nicholson Engineering of Bridport 2009. ref http scillybells.co.uk ref The dedication of the eight new bells, clock and chimes was by the Bishop of Truro Timothy Martin Thornton , on his first visit to the Islands. This was on 21 May 2009. ref http www.ringingworld.co.uk news articles this week 211 rw 5122.html ref Organ The c ... more details
2010. ref has been the cause of many maritime disaster s, most notably the sinking of CloudesleyShovell Admiral Sir CloudesleyShovell s flagship HMS Association 1697 HMS Association in the Scilly ... more details
Francis Barrell 26 January 1663 11 June 1724 was an English Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons of England House of Commons in 1701 and 1702. Barrell was the son of Francis Barrell died 1679 Francis Barrell and his wife Anne Somer daughter of Richard Somer of Clifford s Inn. He was educated at Eton College and Brasenose College, Oxford . He entered Middle Temple in 1675 and was called to the bar in 1686. In 1689 he was made Freeman of Rochester and was Recorder of the town from 1692. ref name Hayton http books.google.com books?id utSeO6I VWoC&pg PA142&lpg PA142&dq 22Francis Barrell 22&source bl&ots BkV6dju30K&sig FBVstM52XCayQdA2 IqY92lsytg&hl en&ei 0zPdTM 7N8WxhAeU by8DQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 10&ved 0CEQQ6AEwCTgK v onepage&q&f false David Hayton, Eveline Cruickshanks, Stuart Handley The House of Commons, 1690 1715, Volume 2 ref Barrell was a Member of Parliament MP for Rochester UK Parliament constituency Rochester from 1701 to 1702. ref Rayment hc r 2 date March 2012 ref He was from a strong clerical family and his devout Anglicanism influenced his politics, making him a Tory. Barrell founded three schools in Rochester and Strood to teach reading and the Anglican catecism. ref name Hayton Barrell died aged 61 and was buried in Rochester Cathedral . ref name cathedral http www.british history.ac.uk report.aspx?compid 53799 The city and liberty of Rochester The priory and cathedral church , The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent Volume 4 1798 , pp. 86 110 Date accessed 12 November 2010 ref Barrell married Anne Cropley, widow of John Cropley of St Margarets and daughter of William Kitchell of Canterbury. ref name Hayton References reflist s start s par en s bef before Joseph Williamson politician Sir Joseph Williamson br Cloudesley Shovell Sir Cloudesley Shovell s ttl title Member of Parliament for Rochester UK Parliament constituency Rochester with William Bokenham years 1701 1702 s aft after Sir Edward Knatchbull, 4th ... more details
with Sir Edward Knatchbull, 4th Baronet Edward Knatchbull years 1702 1705 s aft after CloudesleyShovell Admiral Sir CloudesleyShovell br Stafford Fairborne Admiral Sir Stafford Fairborne s bef ... more details
tried to retake Barcelona, which had been taken by Sir CloudesleyShovell and the Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough Earl of Peterborough in September 1705. Shovell had returned to England ... 1672 1739 Earl of Strafford years 1710&ndash 1712 s par gb s bef before CloudesleyShovell Sir CloudesleyShovell br Stafford Fairborne Sir Stafford Fairborne s ttl title Member of Parliament for Rochester ... more details
TV knowlton.htm www.fylde.demon.co.uk ref Lady Narborough then married Admiral CloudesleyShovell Sir CloudesleyShovell , who died along with his two Narborough stepsons in the Scilly ... lost, claiming the lives of nearly 2,000 sailors. Shovell s stepsons, Sir John Narborough, 1st Baronet ... more details
otherships HMS Romney Infobox ship begin Infobox ship image Ship image Ship caption Infobox Ship Career Hide header Ship country Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain Ship flag Image British White Ensign 1707.svg 60px Royal Navy Ensign Ship name HMS Romney Ship ordered Ship builder Johnson, Blackwall Yard Ship original cost Ship laid down Ship launched 1694 Ship acquired Ship commissioned Ship decommissioned Ship in service Ship out of service Ship renamed Ship struck Ship reinstated Ship honours Ship captured Ship fate Wrecked, 26 October 1707 Ship status Ship notes Infobox ship characteristics Hide header Header caption ref name Lavery, SoLv1 p164 Lavery, Ships of the Line vol.1, p164. ref Ship class 50 gun fourth rate ship of the line Ship tons burthen convert 683 LT t 1 lk in Ship length convert 130 ft 0.5 in m 1 abbr on gundeck Ship beam convert 34 ft 4 in m 1 abbr on Ship draught Ship hold depth convert 13 ft 7 in m 1 abbr on Ship sail plan Full rigged ship Ship propulsion Sails Ship complement Ship armament 50 guns of various weights of shot Ship notes HMS Romney was a 50 gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched at Blackwall Yard in 1694. ref name Lavery, SoLv1 p164 Commanded by Captain William Coney, ref name Antiquaries http www.hmssurprise.org Resources SIR CLOUDESLEY SHOVELL.html James Herbert Cooke, The Shipwreck of Sir Cloudesley Shovell on the Scilly Islands in 1707, From Original and Contemporary Documents Hitherto Unpublished, Read at a Meeting of the Society of Antiquaries, London, Feb. 1, 1883 ref Romney was wrecked on the Isles of Scilly Scilly Isles on 26 October 1707 ref name Lavery, SoLv1 p164 ref name SoN, Romney Ships of the Old Navy, Romney . ref when a disastrous navigational error sent Admiral of the Fleet Royal Navy Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell s fleet through dangerous reefs while on their way from Gibraltar to Portsmouth. Four ships Romney , HMS Association Association , HMS Firebrand 1694 Firebrand and HMS Eagle ... more details
for CloudesleyShovell Admiral Shovell in Westminster Abbey . He was employed by Wren to work ..., c.1680, in the Victoria and Albert Museum . Gibbons also made the monument for CloudesleyShovell Admiral Sir CloudesleyShovell , a British naval hero killed in a Scilly naval disaster of 1707 disastrous shipwreck in 1707 . Shovell s large marble monument can be seen in the south choir aisle of Westminster ... sir clowdisley shovell title Sir Clowdisley Shovell s tomb and memorial in Westminster Abbey accessdate ... more details
make her way back to England. Association served as the flagship of Admiral Sir CloudesleyShovell ... Admiral Narbrough s sister. ref name Antiquaries http www.hmssurprise.org Resources SIR CLOUDESLEY SHOVELL.html James Herbert Cooke, The Shipwreck of Sir CloudesleyShovell on the Scilly Islands in 1707 ... Name to a Face , ref 2007 ISBN 978 0 593 05367 6 ref the recovery of a ring CloudesleyShovell Admiral Sir CloudesleyShovell was wearing when the Association sank is central to the plot. Notes reflist ... CloudesleyShovell Stuart Admiral ISBN 1 86227 099 6 External links http college.hmco.com history readerscomp ... 1707, Association , commanded by Captain Edmund Loades and with Admiral Shovell on board, was returning ... minutes time. Among the dead were Captain Loades and Admiral Shovell, his stepsons Narborough Baronets Sir John Narborough and James Narborough sons of Shovell s wife from her marriage to John Narborough ... more details
CloudesleyShovell in Peter Le Fevre Le Fevre, Peter and Richard Harding Harding, Richard , eds. Precursors ..., 1st Earl of Orford Edward Russell after CloudesleyShovell Sir CloudesleyShovell years 1696 ... more details
, she belonged to Admiral of the Fleet Royal Navy Admiral Sir CloudesleyShovell s fleet. Under the command ... www.hmssurprise.org Resources SIR CLOUDESLEY SHOVELL.html James Herbert Cooke, The Shipwreck of Sir CloudesleyShovell on the Scilly Islands in 1707, From Original and Contemporary Documents Hitherto ... naval disaster of 1707 great naval disaster off the Isles of Scilly when Shovell and four of his ships ... more details
of Parliament for Rochester UK Parliament constituency Rochester with CloudesleyShovell Admiral Sir CloudesleyShovell 1705 1707 years 1705 1707 s aft after Parliament of Great Britain s par gb ... Navy Admiral of the Fleet before CloudesleyShovell Sir CloudesleyShovell after George Byng, 1st Viscount ... been personally engaged. He was afterwards left under Sir Clowdisley Shovell to bring the prizes ... Churchill , after which, with his flag in the HMS Association 1697 Association , he joined Shovell ... flag on board the HMS Shrewsbury 1695 Shrewsbury , in the fleet under Shovell at Lisbon, and, on Shovell ... odnb In 1705 he accompanied Shovell to the Mediterranean, and was present at the siege and capture ... Clowdisley Shovell in October 1707 he was promoted to be admiral of the white , on 7 January 1708, and on 21 ... more details
Charles Herbert Brereton January 8, 1845 &ndash was an Ontario doctor and political figure. He represented Durham East in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1882 to 1886 as a Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario Conservative member. He was born in West Gwillimbury, Ontario West Gwillimbury , Canada West in 1845, the son of Cloudesley Shovell Brereton who came to Upper Canada from Norfolk , England . He studied at Victoria University in the University of Toronto Victoria College in Cobourg, Ontario Cobourg and, after completing his studies in medicine, set up practice in Bethany, Ontario Bethany . He married Eliza L. Proctor in 1876. Brereton was first elected to the provincial assembly in a by election held after the death of John Rosevear and was reelected in the general election held in 1883. He served as lieutenant in the Durham Field Battery for a number of years. Brereton was a member of the local Freemason lodge. External links http www.canadiana.org ECO mtq?doc 32957 The Canadian parliamentary companion, 1883 JA Gemmill http www.ontla.on.ca web members members all detail.do?locale en&ID 925 Member s parliamentary history for the Legislative Assembly of Ontario http www.canadiana.org ECO mtq?doc 91595 A Cyclop edia of Canadian biography being chiefly men of the time ... GM Rose 1886 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Brereton, Charles ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Canadian politician DATE OF BIRTH January 8, 1845 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Brereton, Charles Category 1845 births Category Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario MPPs Category People from Simcoe County ProgressiveConservative Ontario MPP stub ... more details
The Board of Longitude was the popular name for the Commissioners for the Discovery of the Longitude at Sea . It was a British Government body formed in 1714 to administer a scheme of prizes intended to encourage innovators to solve the problem of finding longitude at sea. Origins Navigators and scientists had been working on the problem of not knowing a ship s longitude. The establishment of the Board of Longitude was motivated by this problem and by the 1707 Scilly naval disaster 1707 grounding of four ships of Vice Admiral Cloudesley Shovell Sir Cloudesley Shovell s fleet off the Isles of Scilly , resulting in heavy loss of life. Established by the Longitude Act in 1714, the Board gathered the greatest scientific minds of the day to work on the problem, including Sir Isaac Newton , and put up prizes for those who could demonstrate a working device or method. The main longitude prize s were 10,000 for a method that could determine longitude within 60 nautical miles 111 km 15,000 for a method that could determine longitude within 40 nautical miles 74 km 20,000 for a method that could determine longitude within 30 nautical miles 56 km . In addition, the Board had the discretion to make awards to persons who were making significant contributions to the effort or to provide financial support to those who were working towards a solution. The Board could also make advances of up to 2,000 for experimental work deemed promising. ref name egrtaylor Taylor, E.G.R., The Haven finding Art A History of Navigation from Odysseus to Captain Cook , Hollis & Carter, London 1971, ISBN 0 370 01347 6 ref Under this heading, the Board made many lesser awards, including some awards in total 5000 made to John Harrison before he received his main prize, an award of 3000 to the widow of Tobias Mayer , whose lunar tables were the basis of the lunar data in the early decades of the Nautical Almanac , 300 to Leonhard Euler for his assumed contribution to the work of Mayer, 5 ... more details
Stopping the tide fr. etaler les maree was a manoeuver in use during the age of sail. In seas with a strong tide , such as those off the coasts of western Europe , particularly the English Channel Channel , the force of the tide on a ship could equal, or surpass, the power derived from sails. So for a ship moving along the Channel in light breezes, a favourable tide could double its speed contrariwise, when the tide changed the ship could be slowed to a halt, or even be swept backwards. To cope with this, ships would anchor, stopping the tide , to preserve their progress. The technique played an important role in the naval conflicts of the period. In actions which lasted a long time or, at least beyond a change of tide and which took place in light winds or calm conditions, stopping the tide could be critical. At the battle of Barfleur , for example, when Cloudesley Shovell Shovell s squadron was caught by the flood and dropped anchor, the Sandwich , whose captain had failed to prepare for this, was swept by the tide towards, and through, the French line of battle , who had also anchored she was exposed to their concentrated fire and suffered extensive damage. As dropping and weighing anchor took time and effort, the decision to do so, and when, could be critical. At the Battle of Beachy Head 1690 battle of Beachy Head , when the tide changed the allied fleet was at a disadvantage Arthur Herbert, 1st Earl of Torrington Torrington was able to anchor against the ebb before the French, who were carried away from him, gaining his fleet a respite. Later, he was able to use the tide flood to escape. At Barfleur Anne Hilarion de Tourville Tourville in the same situation was able to escape by the same means. A fleet at anchor, and stationary with a tide running past it, was highly vulnerable to attack by fireship all fleets of the time included fireships for this purpose. The up tide fleet would send fireships to drift down onto the enemy, whose only option, if they could n ... more details
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