A Cluster diagram or clustering diagram is a general type of diagram , which represents some kind of cluster. A cluster in general is a group or bunch of several discrete items that are close to each other. ref Lemma http en.wiktionary.org wiki clustercluster at Wiktionary . Retrieved Sept 18, 2008. ref The cluster diagram figures a cluster, such as a network diagram figures a computer network network ... arranged kind of cluster diagram. A cluster diagram is a Mesh networking mesh kind of network diagram ... diagram a Tree and hypertree networks tree type of network diagram. Types of cluster diagrams Specific types of cluster diagrams are br Gallery Image Skyscrapercompare.svg Comparison diagram of sky scraper Image M3 color magnitude diagram it.jpg Astronomic cluster diagram of the Messier 3 globular cluster Image Biositemap iTools NCBC.png Biositemap diagram Image EvaporacaoDeNuvem.png Cluster chart in brainstorming Gallery br In architecture a comparison diagram is sometimes called a cluster ... Cluster Diagram at skyscrapernews.com. Retrieved 18 september 2008. Comment This illustration depicts a comparison diagram , but yet is called a cluster diagram . ref In astronomy diagrams of star cluster , galaxy groups and clusters or globular cluster . In brainstorming a cluster diagrams is also ... www.enchantedlearning.com graphicorganizers cloud Cluster Cloud Diagrams at enchantedlearning.com. 2003 2009. Accessed Nov 17, 2009. ref Also, the term cluster diagrams is sometimes used as synonym of mind map s . ref http www.brainstorming that works.com cluster diagrams.html Cluster diagrams are another ... Image IEEE 802.15.4 cluster tree.png Computer network diagram Image WorldWideWebAroundWikipedia.png ... , file system s and internet can be considered cluster diagrams. In information visualization specific ... in the shape of a cluster diagram. In quantum field theory for example, according to Crawford 1998 , the called coupled cluster diagram is a simple diagrammatic formalism popularized by Kucharski and Bartlett ... more details
orphan date August 2009 CLUSTER, abbreviation of Collaboration for Leadership in Urban Science Teaching, Evaluation, and Research. It is a collaboration among the City College of New York CCNY , the New York Hall of Science NYHoS and the Center for Advanced Study in Education at the City University of New York CUNY . The fellowship is supported by the National Science Foundation ref http www.sci.ccny.cuny.edu rstein Cluster cluster.html Professor Richard N. Steinberg s Introduction on CLUSTER Fellowship ref . The CLUSTER fellowship is opened to undergraduate science degree seeking students who have a strong desire for teaching and learning. Prospective fellows should consult their advisers in their majors before applying as the fellowship is coursework and time demanding. References reflist External links http cluster.qiji.us Discussion Forum for CLUSTER Fellows. Category Science education ... more details
Image Tunnel cluster intermed mag.jpg thumb right Micrograph of a tunnel cluster. H&E stain . A tunnel cluster , more formally tunnel cluster of the cervix and cervical tunnel cluster , is a benign group of dilated endocervical glands in the uterine cervix cervix . It is significant only in that it can be confused for a malignancy, i.e. cervical cancer cancer . ref name pmid12352183 Cite journal last1 Nucci first1 MR. title Symposium part III tumor like glandular lesions of the uterine cervix. journal Int J Gynecol Pathol volume 21 issue 4 pages 347 59 month Oct year 2002 doi PMID 12352183 ref See also Cervical cancer References Reflist 1 External links http surgpath4u.com caseviewer.php?case no 477 Tunnel clusters surgpath4u.com Category Pathology ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Cluster & Eno Type Album Artist Cluster band Cluster and Brian Eno Cover Cluster & Eno.jpg Released 1977 Recorded June 1977 Genre Ambient music Ambient Length 36 10 Label Sky Records Producer Conny Plank , Cluster band Cluster Chronology Cluster band Cluster Last album Sowiesoso br 1976 This album Cluster & Eno br 1977 Next album After the Heat br Eno, Moebius, Roedelius br 1978 Misc Extra chronology Artist Brian Eno Type album Last album Discreet Music br 1975 This album Cluster & Eno br 1977 Next album Before and after Science br 1977 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1Score Rating 4 5 ref Allmusic class album id r105951 pure url yes ref rev2 ... Media rev3Score 8.7 10 ref http pitchfork.com reviews albums 11733 cluster eno after the heat begegnungen begegnungen ii Pitchfork Album Reviews Cluster & Eno Eno Moebius Roedelius Eno Moebius Roedelius Plank Cluster & Eno After the Heat Begegnungen Begegnungen II Bot generated title ref Cluster & Eno is a collaborative album by the Germany German electronic music group Cluster band Cluster ... of gentle melodies a mixture of Eno s ambient sensibilities and Cluster s avant garde style ... sessions at Conny Plank s studio. The first release from those sessions on Sky Records was Cluster ... on synthesizer. The association with Eno brought Cluster a much wider audience than previous ... blockquote Meshing Cluster s affinity for loops and repetition and Eno s penchant for processing ... and Asmus Tietchens. ref Reesman, Bryan http www.amazon.com Cluster Eno dp B0000035DD Cluster & Eno ref blockquote The United States American Gyroscope record label Gyroscope label reissued Cluster & Eno ... A Curious History Of Cluster . Retrieved August 17, 2007. Waynick, Michael Allmusic class album ... Eno albums Category Cluster albums Category 1977 albums Category Albums produced by Conny Plank Category Collaborative albums fr Cluster & Eno nn Cluster & Eno ... more details
Cluster sampling is a sampling statistics sampling technique used when natural but relatively homogeneous groupings are evident in a statistical population . It is often used in marketing research . In this technique ... of elements may be selected within each of these groups. A common motivation for cluster ... of the variation in the population is within the groups, not between them. Cluster elements Elements within a cluster should ideally be as heterogeneous as possible, but there should be homogeneity between cluster mean s. Each cluster should be a small scale representation of the total population ... cluster sampling, all the elements from each of the selected clusters are used. In two stage cluster .... The main difference between cluster sampling and stratified sampling is that in cluster sampling the cluster is treated as the sampling unit so analysis is done on a population of clusters at least ... sampling, a random sample is drawn from each of the strata, whereas in cluster sampling only the selected clusters are studied. The main objective of cluster sampling is to reduce costs by increasing ... clusters from clusters. Aspects of cluster sampling One version of cluster sampling is area sampling or geographical cluster sampling . Clusters consist of geographical areas. Because a geographically ... can be achieved by treating several respondents within a local area as a cluster. It is usually ... savings may make that feasible. In some situations, cluster analysis is only appropriate when ... of selecting any cluster varies with the size of the cluster, giving larger clusters a greater probability ... cluster so that each unit sampled has the same probability of selection. Cluster sampling is used ... design effect , the ratio between the number of subjects in the cluster study and the number of subjects ... cgi content full 316 7142 1455 Statistics notes The intracluster correlation coefficient in cluster ... Multistage sampling Simple random sampling References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Cluster Sampling Category ... more details
section. The distribution of these three components is approximately the same in the cluster ... components of a galaxy cluster. They are tabulated below class wikitable Name of the components Mass ... more details
Solaris Cluster sometimes Sun Cluster or SunCluster is a high availability cluster software product for the Solaris ... on a network, electronic commerce websites , or other applications. Sun Cluster operates by having redundant ... computer cluster.jpg thumb Sun Microsystems Solaris Cluster Background Solaris Cluster provides services that remain available even when individual nodes or components of the cluster fail. Solaris Cluster provides two types of HA services failover services and scalable services . To eliminate single points of failure, a Solaris Cluster configuration has redundant components, including multiple ... software such as Solaris Cluster is a key component in a Business Continuity solution, and the Solaris Cluster Geographic Edition was created specifically to address that requirement. Solaris Cluster ... code to Solaris Cluster via the OpenSolaris HA Clusters community. ref cite web url http www.networkworld.com news 2007 062707 sun to donate cluster code.html title Sun offers up Solaris clustering ... ref Solaris Cluster Geographic Edition SCGE is a management framework that was introduced in August 2005. It enables two Solaris Cluster installations to be managed as a unit, in conjunction with one ..., high availability , POSIX compliant filesystem internal to Solaris Cluster nodes. Global devices in Sun Cluster are made possible by PxFS. ref cite web url https blogs.oracle.com SC entry ... 2008 07 15 publisher Sun Microsystems date 2008 07 11 ref Supported applications Solaris Cluster ... others there is also a wizard software wizard which allows the cluster implementer to create agents for other applications. See also Computer cluster SunPlex Manager , GUI used to view the status and administer some aspects of Solaris Cluster References Reflist External links http www.oracle.com us products servers storage solaris cluster 067314.html Solaris Cluster webpage at Oracle http www.opensolaris.org ... attachments 24543510 820 4690.pdf Sun BluePrint Using Solaris Cluster and Sun Cluster Geographic Edition ... more details
A Cluster manager usually is a backend GUI or command line software that runs on one or all cluster nodes in some cases it runs on a different server or cluster of management servers. The cluster manager works together with a cluster management agent. These agents run on each node of the cluster to manage and configure services, a set of services, or to manage and configure the complete Cluster computing cluster server itself see super computing . In some cases the cluster manager is mostly used to dispatch work for the cluster or cloud computing cloud to perform. In this last case a subset of the cluster ... to send work and get back work results from a cluster. In other cases the cluster is more related to high ... surealived.sf.net Some Proprietary solutions http www.hp.com go cmu Insight Cluster Management Utility CMU , from http www.hp.com HP Microsoft Cluster Server Cluster Server , from Microsoft http www.brightcomputing.com Bright Cluster Manager.php Bright Cluster Manager , from http www.brightcomputing.com ... Tivoli System Automation for Multiplatforms , from IBM See also Grid network Hypercube Cluster Management ... Institutional Grids Springer Journal Cluster Computing Volume 5, Number 3 July, 2002 http www.zib.de ... Cluster Computing, 2003. Proceedings. 2003 IEEE International Conference on http www.cs.cornell.edu ... Cluster Computing IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing Cluster 00 , 2000. http punch.purdue.edu ... Cluster Management Systems within a Wide Area Network Computing Environment ACM IEEE Supercomputing ... Cluster Computing Autonomic Computing, 2006. ICAC 06. IEEE International Conference on. http portal.acm.org ... site.pdf Job Site Level Fault Tolerance for Cluster and Grid environments IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing Cluster 2005 http www.lri.fr Rapports internes 2005 RR1420.pdf Fault Injection ... Survey of Commercial Cluster Batch Schedulers Category Parallel computing Category Telecommunications Category Cluster computing de Cluster Manager pt Gestor de cluster ... more details
Cluster development or cluster initiative or Economic Clustering is the economic development of business cluster s. The cluster concept has rapidly attracted attention from governments, consultants , and academics since it was first proposed in 1990 by Michael Porter . Many governments and industry organizations across the globe have turned to this concept in recent years as a means to stimulate urban and regional economic growth. As a result, a large number of cluster initiative organizations were started during the 1990s, and the trend continues. The first comprehensive study of cluster initiatives around the world was reported in the Cluster Initiative Greenbook published by rjan S lvell , Christian Ketels and G ran Lindqvist , with a foreword by Michael Porter . The report was presented ... in 2005 covered more than 1400 cluster initiative organizations across the globe. While the purpose of cluster initiative organizations is to promote economic development within the cluster by improving ... one business sector, e.g., biotech, steel. More specifically, cluster initiatives are organizations ... may be one of the cluster initiative s activities, cluster initiatives generally are involved ... projects, marketing of the region, and setting technical standards. In June 2007, the European Cluster ..., cluster initiatives, and cluster policy throughout 32 European countries. See also Innovation system ..., & Ketels, C, http www.cluster research.org greenbook.htm The Cluster Initiative Greenbook , 2003. Teigland ... Cluster and its Cluster Initiative? European Planning Studies , Forthcoming. Teigland, R, Hallencreutz ... http www.clusterobservatory.eu The European Cluster Observatory http www.unido.org fileadmin user ... 20198994 menuPK 404396 pagePK 148956 piPK 216618 theSitePK 341139,00.html Sector and Business Cluster Development, The World Bank http www.isc.hbs.edu econ clusters.htm Clusters and Cluster Development ... cdp.html UNIDO Cluster Development in Pakistan Village Earth Village Earth Cluster Development Approach ... more details
Refimprove date December 2006 A GPU cluster is a computer cluster in which each node is equipped with a Graphics Processing Unit GPU . By harnessing the computational power of modern GPUs via General Purpose Computing on Graphics Processing Units GPGPU , very fast calculations can be performed with a GPU cluster. Hardware GPU The hardware classification of GPU clusters fall into two categories Heterogeneous and Homogeneous. Heterogeneous Hardware from both of the major Independent hardware vendor IHV s can be used ATi and nVidia . Even if different models of the same GPU are used e.g. 8800GT mixed with 8800GTX the gpu cluster is considered heterogeneous. Homogeneous Every single GPU is of the same hardware class, make, and model. i.e. a homogeneous cluster comprising 100 8800GTs, all with the same amount of VRAM Classifying a GPU cluster according to the above semantics largely directs software development on the cluster, as different GPUs have different capabilities that can be utilized. Hardware Other Interconnect In addition to the computer nodes and their respective GPUs, a fast enough ... of building and delivering a fully configured GPU cluster using the NVIDIA Tesla 20 series ... cluster node. Clustering API such as the Message Passing Interface , MPI . Virtual OpenCL VCL cluster platform http www.MOSIX.org txt vcl.html . Algorithm mapping Mapping an algorithm to run a GPU cluster is somewhat similar to mapping an algorithm to run on a traditional computer cluster . Example ... of the GPU cluster. References and external links cite book author Are Magnus Bruaset, Aslak Tveito ... year 2006 isbn 3 540 29076 1 http www.iacat.uiuc.edu resources cluster NCSA s Accelerator Cluster ... http www.cse.scitech.ac.uk disco cseht cseht.shtml GPU cluster at STFC Daresbury Laboratory http www.gputemp.com GPU Cores Temperature Monitoring Reflist Category Cluster computing Category Graphics hardware nl GPU cluster ... more details
Infobox Cluster name Arches Cluster image Image ESO Arches Cluster.jpg Arches cluster 250px caption Arches Cluster of young, massive stars. This image was obtained with NACO adaptive optics system on ESO s Very Large Telescope . credit epoch J2000 constellation Sagittarius constellation Sagittarius ra RA 17 45 50.5 dec DEC &ndash 28 49 28 dist ly 25 kly dist pc 8.5 kpc notes Optically obscured names The Arches Cluster is the densest known star cluster in the Milky Way, and is located about 100 light years away from the center of our Milky Way galaxy , in the constellation Sagittarius constellation Sagittarius . Due to extremely heavy optical extinction astronomy extinction by dust in this region, the cluster is obscured in the visual bands, and is observed in the X ray astronomy X ray , Infrared astronomy infrared , and radio astronomy radio bands. The radius of the cluster is approximately one light year . It contains about 150 young, very hot stars that are many times larger and more massive than our Sun. ref cite news title Espinoza et al. The massive star initial mass function of the Arches cluster publisher Astronomy and Astrophysic year 2009 doi 10.1051 0004 6361 20078597 accessdate 0 ref Such stars live for only a few million years before exhausting their hydrogen fuel, due to their extreme luminosity . The cluster also contains hot gas, produced in shock wave shock s by collisions among the massive, high velocity stellar wind s flowing outwards from the stars. This star cluster and the Quintuplet cluster , another massive young cluster in the region, are estimated to be two ... Space Telescope to observe about a thousand stars in the Arches cluster and found no stars over ... thumb alt Arches Cluster. False color IR image of the Arches Cluster. References reflist External links http www.eso.org public images eso0921a The Arches Cluster ESO Image Gallery http hubblesite.org ... de Arches Sternhaufen fa ko it Ammasso Arches nl Arches cluster no Archeshopen ... more details
In quantum information and quantum computing , a cluster state is a type of highly entangled state of multiple qubit s. Cluster states are generated in lattices of qubits with Ising type interactions. A cluster C is a connected subset of a d dimensional lattice, and a cluster state is a pure state of the qubits located on C . They are different from other types of entangled states such as GHZ state s or W state s because it is more difficult to eliminate quantum entanglement via projective measurement s in the case of cluster states. Another way of thinking of cluster states is as a particular instance of graph state s, where the underlying graph is a connected subset of a d dimensional lattice group lattice .Cluster states are especially useful in the context of the one way quantum computer . Formally a cluster state is a state which obeys the set eigenvalue equations math K G a left G right rangle 1 k a left G right rangle math where math K G a sigma x a otimes b in nghb a sigma z b . math See also Bell state Graph state References cite journal author H. J. Briegel and R. Raussendorf authorlink title Persistent Entanglement in arrays of Interacting Particles journal Physical Review Letters year 2001 volume 86 page 910 doi 10.1103 PhysRevLett.86.910 pmid 11177971 issue 5 bibcode 2001PhRvL..86..910B pages 910 3 Quantum computing Category Quantum information science ... more details
The Coronet cluster is a small open cluster located about 420 light years away in the southern constellation Corona Australis . ref name apod http apod.nasa.gov apod ap070921.html ref References Reflist Category Open clusters Category Corona Australis Category NGC objects pl Gromada Coronet ... more details
Cluster name Snowflake Cluster image epoch J2000.0 class open cluster constellation Monoceros ra dec dist ly 2.4 lightyear kly dist pc appmag v size v mass kg mass msol radius ly v hb age notes names NGC 2264 The Snowflake Cluster is a cluster in Monoceros and is included in NGC 2264 . Name The star s appear to have formed in regularly spaced intervals along linear structures in a configuration that resembles the spokes of a wheel or the pattern of a snowflake . Hence, astronomers have nicknamed their new discovery the Snowflake Cluster. Information Scientists believe that these are very young protostar s, or newborn stars. At a mere 100,000 years old, these infant structures have yet to crawl away from their location of birth. Over time, the natural drifting motions of each star will break this order, and the snowflake design will be no more. The Spitzer Space Telescope Spitzer observations show that just as theory predicts, the density and temperature of the initial star forming cloud dictates the spacing between the protostars. External links http www.spitzer.caltech.edu Media happenings 20051222 index.shtml Spitzer Spots Stellar Snowflake on the Christmas Tree Cluster http www.physorg.com news9311.html Spitzer Unveils Infant Stars in the Christmas Tree Cluster http www.spitzer.caltech.edu Media mediaimages sig sig05 028.shtml Stellar Snowflake Cluster http tomsastroblog.com ?p 530 The Christmas Tree Cluster NGC2264 star cluster stub Category Monoceros constellation Category Open clusters tr Kar tanesi y ld z k mesi zh ... more details
logically contiguous. The term cluster was changed to allocation unit in DOS 4.0. However the term cluster is still widely used. ref Mueller, Scott 2002 . Upgrading and repairing PCs , p. 1354 ... File system management bg cs Cluster pevn disk de Cluster Datentr ger es Cl ster sistema de archivos fr Bloc disque dur id Cluster sistem berkas hu Helyfoglal si egys g mk nl Cluster bestandssysteem ja mhr pl Klaster dyskowy pt Unidade de aloca o ... more details
Galaxy cluster name Virgo Cluster image Image Virgngc.jpg 250 px epoch J2000 ra RA 12 27 ref name ned cite web title NASA IPAC Extragalactic Database work Results for Virgo Cluster url http nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu ... Cluster is a galaxy clustercluster of galaxies whose center is 1 E22 m 53.8 0.3 light year Mly 16.5 ..., Davi title The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XIII. SBF Distance Catalog and the Three dimensional Structure of the Virgo Cluster journal The Astrophysical Journal year 2007 volume 655 issue 1 pages 144 162 ..., ref See http astronomy.swin.edu.au cosmos V Virgo Cluster Virgo Cluster . ref the cluster forms the heart ... that its mass is 1.2 e 15 solar mass M sub sub out to 8 degrees of the cluster s center or a radius ..., T. Balkowski, C. title Structure, mass and distance of the Virgo cluster from a Tolman Bondi model .....770F doi 10.1051 0004 6361 20010833 arxiv astro ph 0106261 ref Many of the brighter galaxies in this cluster ... pointed to me by Mr. M chain. see http www.seds.org messier Mdes dm091.html M91 . ref The cluster ... galaxies of the cluster are visible with a small telescope. The cluster is a fairly heterogeneous ... Cluster Survey journal The Astrophysical Journal volume 153 issue 1 pages 223 242 origyear year ... , it is believed that the spirals of the cluster are distributed in an oblong prolate spheroid prolate ... distribution of spiral galaxies in the Virgo Cluster from the Tully Fisher relation journal Astrophysical ... The elliptical galaxies are more centrally concentrated than the spiral galaxies. The cluster is an aggregrate ... level5 Binggeli frames.html The Virgo Super Cluster home of M87 with frames ref The large mass of the cluster is indicated by the high peculiar velocity peculiar velocities of many of its galaxies, sometimes as high as 1,600 kilometre km second s with respect to the cluster s center. The Virgo cluster lies within the Virgo Supercluster , and its gravitational effects slow down the nearby galaxies. The large mass of the cluster has the effect of slowing down the recession of the Local Group ... more details
refimprove date February 2008 Infobox software name MySQL Cluster title logo Image MySQL.svg 180px logo ... br http dev.mysql.com dev.mysql.com MySQL Cluster is a technology which provides Shared nothing architecture ... January 2011 MySQL Cluster is implemented through an additional storage engine available within MySQL called Ndb Cluster NDB or Ndb Cluster NDBCLUSTER NDB stands for N etwork D ata b ase . Architecture MySQL Cluster has a few important concepts behind its design, which add both benefits and burdens. Replication MySQL Cluster uses synchronous replication through a two phase commit mechanism in order ... however, the cluster can be configured to store between one and four copies at any single time. Starting ... referred to as MySQL Cluster Replication or geographical replication . See http dev.mysql.com doc refman 5.1 en mysql cluster replication.html MySQL Cluster Replication . Horizontal data partitioning ... release, users can define their own partitioning schemes. Hybrid Storage MySQL Cluster allows .... MySQL Cluster maintains all Index database indexed columns in distributed memory. Non indexed ... page cache . Storing non indexed columns on disk allows MySQL Cluster to store datasets larger than the aggregate memory of the clustered machines. MySQL Cluster writes Redo log Redo logs to disk for all data changes as well as check pointing data to disk regularly. This allows the cluster to consistently recover from disk after a full cluster outage. As the Redo logs are written Asynchronous ... can be lost if the full cluster fails. The current default asynchronous write delay is 2 seconds ... to the synchronous data replication within the cluster. When a MySQL Cluster table is maintained in memory, the cluster will only access disk storage to write Redo records and checkpoints. As these writes are sequential and limited random access patterns are involved, MySQL Cluster can achieve higher ... RDBMS. Shared nothing MySQL Cluster is designed to have no single point of failure . Provided that the cluster ... more details
notability date November 2011 Infobox Journal cover File Cluster Computing.jpg discipline Computer clustering abbreviation publisher Baltzer Science Publishers country United States USA frequency history 1998 to present Citation needed date February 2007 openaccess website http www.ece.arizona.edu hpdc cluster ISSN 1386 7857 Cluster Computing the Journal of Networks, Software Tools and Applications is a journal for parallel processing , distributed computing systems, and computer communication networks. Category Computer science journals Category Cluster computing Category Publications established in 1998 Category English language journals Category Springer academic journals Category Quarterly journals journal stub ... more details
A cluster refers to a grouping of health related events that are related temporally and in proximity. ref http www.atsdr.cdc.gov HEC CSEM cluster definition.html Definition of Clusters , Case Studies in Environmental Medicine CSEM , Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry , U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ref Typically, when clusters are recognized, they are reported to public health departments in the local area. The 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak 1854 cholera outbreak which occurred in London is a classical example of a cluster. If clusters are of sufficient size and importance, they may be re evaluated as outbreak s. See also Cancer cluster Outbreak Public Health Epidemiology Cuzick Edwards test References references Category Epidemiology health stub infectious disease stub ... more details
The Cluster School of Excellence is a merit system implemented in Malaysia granted to High Achieving Schools which are in turn given wider autonomy in administration and extra allocation for advancement of specific fields like academic, sports and extra curricular activities. Definition Background The Cluster Schools of Excellence was launched in 2006. One of the 6 core strategies in the National Education Blueprint is to foster a culture of excellence in educational institutions by forming Cluster schools of excellence which selection criteria is based on specific fields like academic, co curricular and sports achievements. Criteria Cluster Schools in Malaysia Category Education in Malaysia ms Sekolah kluster ... more details
In beekeeping , a winter cluster is a well defined cluster of honey bee s that forms inside a Beehive beekeeping beehive when the air temperature dips below 54 to 57 F 12 to 14 C . Honey bees are but a few insects that survive the winter as a hive. As the outside air temperature decreases the winter cluster becomes tighter and more compact. The bees cling tightly together on the Honeycomb combs in the hive. The temperature within the winter cluster remains remarkably warm regardless of the outside air temperature. Larger clusters basketball size have a better chance for survival than smaller clusters softball size . The winter cluster within the hive must move throughout the winter to reach the available honey stored in the combs. Some die off is expected during the winter. In extended cold weather periods, the incidence of Diseases of the honey bee Nosema Nosema disease increases and the cluster may weaken as many bees begin dying off. Brood honey bee Brood nest In subtropical climates, bees may not form a winter cluster at all. Worker bee s forage and queen bee queens lay eggs almost year round. In the temperate zones, winter temperatures dip below 54 F 12 C for extended periods. All brood rearing stops for some period during the winter. In early spring, brood rearing resumes inside the winter cluster when the queens starts to lay eggs again. Once a broodnest is established, the cluster must maintain a steady temperature between 94.1 to 98.0 F 34.5 36.7 C inside the cluster. If the temperature in areas of the brood nest dips too low the brood dies also called Diseases of the honey bee Chilled brood chilled brood . References Basil Furgala. 1975. Chapter XVI Fall Management and the Wintering of Productive Colonies. In The hive and the honeybee . Dept. of Entomology, University of Minnesota , Dadant. Charles D.Owens http www.beesource.com pov usda thermology techbulletin1429.htm THE THERMOLOGY OF WINTERING HONEY BEE COLONIES Category Beekeeping Bee stub it Glomere ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Cluster Type studio Artist Cluster band Cluster Cover ... album This album Cluster br 1971 Next album Cluster II br 1972 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1score ... generated by DASHBot Cluster is the eponymous first full length album by German electronic music outfit Cluster band Cluster . It is also the only album on which Conny Plank Conrad Plank is credited as a member. Cluster was recorded at Star Studio in Hamburg , Germany in January, 1971. It was Cluster s only release for the Philips Records Philips label. Cluster began a transition away from the discordant ... Curry first Russ authorlink Russ Curry title Curious History of Cluster publisher The Thing Berlin date ... review, describes Cluster , in part as ...a dislocating, disorienting meld of random space music, industrial ... web last Jurek first Thom coauthors title Cluster 71 work Review publisher Allmusic url Allmusic class ... as an early landmark in the history of beatless ambience. ref Amazon.com http www.amazon.com Cluster 71 dp B000BZN1A0 editorial review ref blockquote The Wire places Cluster s self titled debut album ... title, Cluster 71 , by Sky Records in 1980. Cluster 71 was digitally remastered from a vinyl source, not a tape and reissued on CD in 1996 ref name Discogs2 cite web title Cluster 71 publisher ... Philips cover art but retains the Cluster 71 name. A 1,000 copy limited remastered edition of Cluster ... 20, 2007. ref name Captain Trip cite web title CLUSTER Digital Remaster & Paper Sleeve series ... b cite web title CLUSTER Digital Remaster work CD Jacket publisher bureau b date 2010 url http www.bureau ... 262961 ClusterCluster Retrieved February 20, 2008. Ground and Sky http www.progreviews.com reviews display.php?rev clus 71 progreviews.com Cluster 71 Review Retrieved August 18, 2007. Mosurak, Doug ... http www.progarchives.com album.asp?id 8117 Cluster 71 Retrieved October 7, 2007. Category 1971 debut albums Category Philips Records albums Category Cluster albums Category Albums produced by Conny ... more details
File GooGoo Cluster Wrapper Small.jpg 300px right GooGoo Cluster File Goo Goo Cluster Split.jpg thumb right 300px A GooGoo Cluster split open Image GooGoo Cluster GooGoo Supreme.jpg thumb right 300px GooGoo Cluster and GooGoo Supreme 6 pack boxes The GooGoo Cluster is an United States American candy bar sold since 1899 in Nashville, Tennessee . It was developed by Howell Campbell and the Standard Candy Company. The disk shaped candy bar contains marshmallow , caramel and roasted peanuts covered in milk chocolate . GooGoo Cluster is considered the first combination candy bar Citation needed date June 2010 , meaning it contained several types of candy rather than an all chocolate bar. The name is thought to refer to the sound a baby makes another, somewhat questionable theory is that the candy was sold at the Grand Ole Opry GOO , except that the Opry was established in 1925, 13 years after the candy s debut. However, Standard Candy with particular emphasis on the GooGoo Cluster was a long time sponsor of the program. During the Great Depression , Goo Goo Clusters were advertised as a nourishing lunch for a nickel. This slogan was used until the 1950s. Variations include GooGoo Supreme pecans replace the peanuts and Peanut Butter GooGoo peanut butter replaces marshmallow . GooGoo Clusters have appeared in the movies Nashville film , The Nutty Professor and Charlie s War . GooGoo Clusters have also appeared throughout the PC video game Redneck Rampage and Viva Pinata . References http www.googoo.com history.asp History of Standard Candy External links http www.googoo.com www.GooGoo.com official site confectionery stub Category Candy bars Category 1912 introductions ... more details
Cluster image Image NGC869NGC884.jpg 300px name Double Cluster constellation Perseus constellation Perseus epoch J2000.0 ra 2 sup h sup 20 sup m sup dec 57 08&prime dist ly 7 light year kly dist pc 2300 Pc appmag v 4.3 size v 60&prime notes names h &chi Persei, Caldwell catalogue Caldwell 14 The Double Cluster also known as Caldwell 14 is the common name for the naked eye open cluster s NGC 884 Persei and NGC 869 h Persei , which are close together in the constellation Perseus constellation Perseus . NGC 884 and NGC 869 are at distances of 7600 and 6800 light years away, respectively, so ... to the 2000 Sky Catalogue. In comparison, the Pleiades star cluster Pleiades have an estimated age ... hand and the jeweled sword in the other. The Double Cluster represents the jeweled handle of Perseus s sword. citation needed date December 2010 History Image The Double Cluster in Perseus .jpg thumb right The Double Cluster in Perseus Hipparchus, a Greek astronomer, cataloged the object a patch of light in Perseus as early as 130 B.C. However, the true nature of the Double Cluster wasn t discovered ... Herschel was the first to recognize the object as two separate clusters. The Double Cluster is not included ... not in Messier. citation needed date December 2010 Location The Double Cluster is circumpolar continuously ... Cassiopeia the Queen. The Double Cluster approximately marks the illuminated point of the Perseid ... sky, observing the Double Cluster in its two parts requires optical aid. They are described ... http www.seds.org messier xtra ngc n0869.html SEDS page on the Double Cluster http www.astrophoto.net double cluster.html AstroPhoto.net page the Double Cluster http www.darkatmospheres.com astro gallery clusters enlarge.php?fileBase clusters 2 Dark Atmospheres Photography Perseus Double Cluster http apod.nasa.gov apod ap091204.html The Double Cluster Astronomy Picture of the Day 2009 December 4 http project nightflight.net print027.html DSLR Image of Double Cluster with Comet 103P Hartley 2 WikiSky ... more details
Orphan date October 2011 Refimprove date November 2011 The cluster assumption is a type of data modeling used in machine learning specifically in Supervised learning and Semi supervised learning . It states that if points are in the same cluster, they are likely to be of the same class. ref O. Chapelle and B. Sch lkopf and A. Zien, Semi Supervised Learning, MIT Press, 2006 ref There may be multiple clusters forming a single class. Introduction The cluster assumption is implicitly assumed in many machine learning algorithms such as the K nearest neighbor algorithm K nearest neighbor classification algorithm and the K means clustering K means clustering algorithm . As the word likely appears in the definition, there is no clear border differentiating whether the assumption does hold or does not hold. In contrast the amount of adherence of data to this assumption can be quantitatively measured. Properties The cluster assumption is equivalent to the Low density separation assumption which states that the decision boundary should lie on a low density region. To prove this, suppose the decision boundary crosses one of the clusters. Then this cluster will contain points from two different classes, therefore it is violated on this cluster. Notes Reflist Category Data modeling ... more details
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