native name native name es Reino de Espa a icon no conventional long name Kingdom of Spain common name Spain image flag Flag of Spain.svg image coat Escudo de Espa a mazonado .svg image map EU Spain.svg ... communities of Spain autonomous communities , Catalan language Catalan , Valencian language Valencian ... Prime Minister of Spain Prime Minister leader name1 Juan Carlos I of Spain Juan Carlos I leader name2 Mariano Rajoy legislature Cortes Generales upper house Senate of Spain Senate lower house Congress of Deputies of Spain Congress of Deputies sovereignty type Formation sovereignty note 16th century ... Catholic Monarchs 1479 established event3 spaces 2 De facto established date3 Charles I of Spain 1516 ... Population Figures of Spain. Population on the 1 April 2010 publisher Instituto Nacional de ...&ssd 1&sort country&ds .&br 1&c 184&s NGDPD 2CNGDPDPC 2CPPPGDP 2CPPPPC 2CLP&grp 0&a title Spain publisher ... in Catalan speaking territories. ref calling code Telephone numbers in Spain 34 Spain IPAc en audio ... the Kingdom of Spain lang es Reino de Espa a , ref group note In Spain, Languages of Spain other ... of these, Spain s official name is as follows lang an Reino d Espanya , IPA esdia reino es pa a ... not establish any official name for Spain, even though the terms Espa a Spain , Estado espa ol Spanish ... Espa a Spain and Reino de Espa a Kingdom of Spain are equally valid to designate Spain in international treaties. This term, Kingdom of Spain, is widely used by the government in national and international ... coast, and two Autonomous cities of Spain autonomous cities in North Africa , Ceuta and Melilla ... and France. Because of its location, the territory of Spain was subject to many external influences since prehistory prehistoric times and through to its dawn as a country. Spain emerged as a unified ... language . Spain is a democracy organised in the form of a parliamentary government under a constitutional Monarchy of Spain monarchy . It is a developed country with the List of countries by GDP nominal ... more details
Communications in Korea may refer to Communications in North Korea Communications in South Korea disambig Category Communications in Korea ... more details
EXCL Communications was a Spain Spanish language broadcasting company founded in 1989 by Athena and Christopher Marks. ref http sanjose.bizjournals.com sanjose stories 1997 03 17 newscolumn6.html Local radio group expands holdings and its audience Silicon Valley San Jose Business Journal Bot generated title ref It acquired its first radio stations, San Jose, California s KBRG and KLOK AM , in 1992. After its purchase of Embarcadero Media in 1997, ref http www.bizjournals.com sanfrancisco stories 1997 03 03 daily4.html EXCL Communications expands Spanish radio empire San Francisco Business Times Bot generated title ref it owned and operated 18 radio stations many of which used the Radio Rom ntica format , making it the third largest Spanish radio group in the United States. EXCL was a division of Latin Communications Group from March 1996 until April 20, 2000, when Latin Communications Group was purchased by Entravision . ref http www.corporate ir.net ireye ir site.zhtml?ticker EVC&script 410&layout 6&item id 173927 Entravision Communications Investor Relations Bot generated title ref References references US bcast stub US company stub Category Defunct broadcasting companies of the United States ... more details
Department of Communications may refer to Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources Ireland Department of Communications South Africa See also Ministry of Communications disambiguation Ministry of Communications disambig ... more details
GDP 2007 8th eighth Agriculture in Spain Banking in Spain National Bank of SpainCommunications ...double image right Flag of Spain.svg 180 Escudo de Espa a mazonado .svg 120 The Flag of Spain The Coat of arms of Spain Image LocationSpain.svg thumb The location of Spain Image SpainOMC.png thumb An enlargeable map of the Kingdom of Spain The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Spain TOC limit limit 2 General reference Image Spain CIA WFB Map.png thumb An enlargeable basic map of Spain International Phonetic Alphabet Pronunciation English IPA en spe n pron en us Spain.ogg Spanish IPA es es pa a pron Es Espa a.ogg Common English country name Spain Official English country name The Kingdom of Spain or Spain Common endonym List of countries and capitals in native ... and nations Demonym Spaniard Etymology Name of Spain International rankings of Spain ISO country codes ... cellphone s Geography of SpainSpain occupies most of the Iberian Peninsula , and the people of Spain often refer to their country as the Bull Skin Piel de Toro because of the shape of its territory. Spain is the second largest country in Western Europe behind France and with an average altitude of 650 m, the second highest country in Europe behind Switzerland . Image Spain topography.png thumb An enlargeable topographic map of Spain Main Geography of SpainSpain is a Country Developed ... European Time UTC 01 , Central European Summer Time UTC 02 Extreme points of Spain High Teide on Tenerife ... Spain Low North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea 0 m Land boundaries 1,918 km Flag Portugal ... 4,964 km Population of Spain 46,063,500 January 2008 List of countries by population 28th most populous country Area of Spain 504,030 km sup 2 sup commons Atlas of Spain Atlas of Spain Environment of Spain Image Satellite image of Spain in January 2004.jpg thumb An enlargeable satellite image of Spain Geology of Spain Climate of Spain Renewable energy in Spain Geography of Spain Environmental ... more details
Euphony Communications Ltd is a privately owned Basingstoke , UK based communications and utility company. Euphony is notable for its hierarchical customer referral structure and independent base of consultants. Euphony was founded in 1998 and does not advertise itself in conventional ways. Euphony has featured in UK national newspapers, which have referenced its rapid expansion and success since it was bought by Giles Redpath who took over as CEO in 2004 to set the company in the right direction. The shares are held thus Giles Redpath 53 , Penta Capital 35 , management 2 , others 10 . ref cite web url http www.fasttrack.co.uk fasttrack leagues dbIndex.asp?siteID 6&yr 2008&sort num&area1 99&x 14&y 12 title Sunday Times Fast Track Buyout Track 100 work Sunday Times Fast Track publisher Fast Track accessdate 2010 05 16 date 1 February 2008 first ref In February 2008, Euphony was listed as 13th in the Sunday Times Buyout Track 100, the list of the 100 privately owned companies with the fastest growing profits, with 80.91 annual profit growth. ref cite web url http www.fasttrack.co.uk fasttrack leagues dbIndex.asp?siteID 6&yr 2008&sort num&area1 99&x 14&y 12 title Sunday Times Fast Track Buyout Track 100 work Sunday Times Fast Track publisher Fast Track accessdate 2010 05 16 date 1 February 2008 first ref Euphony offers telephone, broadband, VOIP , and gas & electricity services in eight European countries including the UK, Ireland , Belgium , Netherlands , Germany , Spain , Portugal ... work Euphony Communications publisher Euphony Communications accessdate 2008 10 11 date 14 July ... web url http www.euaffinity.com html generalInfo.htm title euAffinity FAQ work Euphony Communications publisher Euphony Communications accessdate 2008 10 11 date 14 July 2008 first ref An online sign up facility for Euphony s utility services will be launched in mid July 2009. Euphony Communications Ltd went into administration in 2009. Business was transferred to Hive Communications in 2010. References ... more details
For more information, see these articles about telecommunication Communications in Oceania . reference Oceania in topic Communications in Category Communication by region ... more details
The Communications Act can refer to The Communications Act of 1934 in the United States The Communications Act 2003 in the United Kingdom See also List of short titles disambig ko ... more details
Chime Communications can be Chime Communications United Kingdom , a public relations and advertising company based in London, United Kingdom. Chime Communications Australia , a telecommunications company in Australia disambig ... more details
A communications badge is a device that facilitates distance communications. It may refer to Communicator Star Trek , a fictional communications device used by in the Star Trek science fiction franchise. Vocera Communications Badge , a wireless Voice over IP communication system developed by Vocera Communications. disambiguation ... more details
Multiple issues out of date July 2011 context January 2011 This page offers informations on telecommunications in Spain . Telephones landline and cellular Telephone s main lines in use 18.583 million 2007 Telephones mobile cellular 48.8 million 2007 Telephone system generally adequate, modern facilities br domestic NA br international 22 coaxial submarine cables satellite earth stations 2 Intelsat 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean , NA Eutelsat tropospheric scatter to adjacent countries Radio Radio broadcasting broadcast stations AM 208, FM 715, shortwave 1 1998 Radios 13.1 million 1997 Television Television broadcast stations 228 plus 2,112 repeaters note these figures include 11 television broadcast stations and 89 repeaters in the Canary Islands September 1995 Televisions 16.2 million 1997 Internet Internet Service Provider s ISPs 49 1999 Internet Hosts 3,264 million 2008 Internet Users 19.69 million 2007 See also Broadband Internet access worldwide Spain Country code Top level domain ES References CIA World Factbook Europe topic Telecommunications in Telecommunications DEFAULTSORT Telecommunications In Spain Category Telecommunications in Spain Category Communications in Spain Category Telecommunications in Europe telecommunications stub Spain stub ... more details
An Communications Ministry or Department of Communications is a ministry or other government agency charged with communication. The ministry is often headed by a Minister for Communications. Some countries have such a department literally called Ministry of Communications Ministry of Communications Afghanistan Ministry of Communications Iceland Ministry of Communications Israel Ministry of Communications of Morocco Ministry of Communications of Pakistan functions as a central policy making and administrative authority on Communications and Transport Sector in Pakistan. Ministry of Communications Soviet Union , the central state administration body on communications in the Soviet Union from 1946 to 1991 Many countries have such a department, but under some other name Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy Australia Department of Canadian Heritage , formerly a part of the Department of Communications Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources Ireland , a department of the Government of Ireland that is responsible for the telecommunications and broadcasting ... Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Japan , a cabinet level ministry in the Government of Japan Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications Estonia Ministry of Economic Development New Zealand , including Communications and Information Technology Portfolio Ministry of Industry and Information ... service, Internet, wireless, broadcasting, communications, production of electronic and information ..., Communications and the Arts Singapore , a ministry of the Government of Singapore. It is in charge ... relations Department of Communications South Africa is responsible for overseeing the South African communications, telecommunications and broadcasting industries Office of Communications United Kingdom Federal Communications Commission United States , an independent agency of the United States government ... Communications ministries no Kommunikasjonsdepartementet ru ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 For more information, see these articles about telecommunication Communications in Europe . Communications in Europe See also European Telecommunications Standards Institute DEFAULTSORT Communications In Europe Category Communication by region telecomm stub europe stub ... more details
In telecommunication , the term communications deception has the following meanings Deliberate transmission telecommunications transmission , retransmission, or alteration of communications to mislead an adversary s interpretation of the communications. Use of devices, operations, and techniques with the intent of confusing or misleading the User telecommunications user of a communications Data link link or a navigation system . References FS1037C National Information Systems Security Glossary DODDIC Category Military communications Category Deception telecomm stub ... more details
Infobox company company name Cogent Communications Group, Inc. company logo Image Cogentlogo.png frameless CCOI Logo company type Public company Public traded as Nasdaq CCOI foundation 1999 location Washington, D.C. , USA key people Dave Schaeffer Entrepreneur Founder Board of directors President Chief executive officer CEO industry Telecommunications products revenue 263.4 million United States Dollar USD 2010 operating income 5.9 million United States Dollar USD 2010 net income 2.6 million United States Dollar USD 2010 num employees 582 April, 2010 homepage http www.cogentco.com www.cogentco.com footnotes Infobox NSP asn 174 Cogent Communications is a multinational internet service provider whose network spans more than 53,300 intercity fiber route miles and 15,800 metro fiber miles. Cogent provides service in over 165 markets across 31 countries in North America and Europe. Cogent carries approximately 37 petabytes per day of Internet traffic and connects to approximately 3,600 networks. Cogent s Autonomous system Internet AS 174 has one of the highest ranked connectivity degree graph theory degrees on the Internet. ref http www.caida.org research topology as core network Visualizing Internet Topology at a Macroscopic Scale April 2005 ref ref http as rank.caida.org AS ranking ref Acquisition history Cogent was founded in 1999 at the peak of the industry s growth. In three years, Cogent acquired 13 other failing carriers, purchasing 14 billion in capital for 60 million, including ... 13 ARTCL none none Cogent Communications banks on Ethernet over IP Lightwave Cogent Communications ... Theory br January 2004 Acquires LambdaNet France & Spain br March 2004 Acquires Fiber Network ... epperson courses routing protocols handouts cogent ft.html accessdate 2006 09 28 ref , Level 3 Communications ... Sprint Nextel Severs Its Internet Connection to Cogent Communications ref . Sprint ... based in Washington, D.C. Category Transit free networks de Cogent Communications fr Cogent Communications ... more details
see also Telephone numbers in Gibraltar Communications in Gibraltar comprise a wide range of telephony ... telephone exchange in City Mill Lane. The first submarine telegraph Submarine communications ... incumbent telecommunications operator, and the Gibraltar City Council, direct communications between Spain and Gibraltar were established. ref name Telef nica Upon the approval of the Gibraltar ... Communications Ltd GNC became responsible for landline fixed line telephony . GNC was the first acquisition ... Gibraltar Nynex Communications . ref name 2008report http www.gibtele.com Site Files Site Resources ... main Telecom dispute between Gibraltar and Spain Telecommunication services in Gibraltar were subject to Telecom dispute between Gibraltar and Spain Spanish restrictions until February 10, 2007. Subsequent ... agreements with Spanish GSM networks so its mobile phones did not operate in Spain. Gibtelecom had ... customers can now roam on Vodafone Spain Vodafone and Yoigo . Orange Espa a Orange still September ... made International Subscriber Dialling possible. When the frontier with Spain was re opened, telephone ... giving Gibraltar a resilient communications infrastructure. Gibtelecom is also a partner in the EIG ... Loop Unbundling was introduced in Gibraltar, under the 2006 Communications Act, similar to the UK s 2003 Communications Act. Earlier in December 2005, the European Commission initiated the second stage ... five European Union directives on electronic communications, but these were closed after the relevant ... company, began internet services in January 1996, with a 64kbs circuit to Spain. In 2005 it merged ... owned subsidiary of Gibraltar Nynex Communications, commenced services in 1997. GNC Networks was renamed ... Communications Europe began operating on the rock. The company applied for a license in their own ... in Gibraltar See also Gibraltar telecom dispute Gibraltar topics Communications in Europe Telecommunications DEFAULTSORT Communications In Gibraltar Category Communications in Gibraltar ... more details
In telecommunication s, communications protection is the application of communications security COMSEC measures to telecommunications systems in order to a Access control deny unauthorized access to sensitive unclassified information of value, b prevent disruption of telecommunications services, or c ensure the authenticity of information handled by telecommunications systems. References FS1037C Category Military communications telecommunications stub ... more details
In telecommunication , control communications is the branch of technology devoted to the design, development, and application of telecommunication communications facilities used specifically for control purposes, such as for controlling a industrial processes, b movement of resources, c electric power generation, distribution, and utilization, d communications networks, and e transportation systems. References FS1037C Category Telecommunications telecomm stub ... more details
Director of communications ref Public Relations Society of America http www.prsa.org jobcenter commjobs.html ref is a position in both the private and public sectors. A director of communications is responsible for managing and directing an organization s internal and external communications. Directors of communications supervise public relations staff, create communication strategies, and may serve as the key spokesman and media contact for the organization. A director of communications may also ... 11 2031.00 ref , communications director , or press secretary . The director of communications usually reports directly to a corporate title CXO , including a chief communications officer CCO or chief executive officer CEO of a company or organization. In an organization, the director of communications directs the Communications Department, sometimes called a Public Affairs Department. The director of communications may be assisted by a deputy director, clerical staff, and communications specialists and public affairs officers. Communications in politics In United States politics, a director of communications is usually a senior aide to the President of the United States White House Communications ... Cabinet Cabinet secretary , or a government department. The current White House Director of Communications is Dan Pfeiffer . In Canada and the United Kingdom , a director of communications is a senior ... director of communications to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is Craig Oliver media executive Craig Oliver the director of communications to the Prime Minister of Canada is Andrew MacDougall ... s new director of communications?bn 1 Andrew MacDougall named Stephen Harper s new director of communications . Toronto Star , April 4, 2012. ref In Australia , the director of communications is a senior ... s communications office including Press Secretaries and Speechwriter Speechwriting staff. The current director of communications is Russell Mahoney . In Nigeria the director of communications or special ... more details
Vision Communications is the name of two unrelated broadcasting companies . A locally based company in Vision Communications Missouri Springfield, Missouri , which owns several businesses, most notably radio stations 99 Hit FM and 1340 AM KADI . A company that owns television stations in Vision Communications New York New York , namely Elmira and Rochester. disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 Alliance Communications was a former Canadian based movie distribution company. Based in Toronto, Ontario the company was formed in 1984 by Stephen Roth , Denis Heroux , John Kemeny , Robert Lantos and Jay Firestone . It acquired a Montreal based Francophone production company, Vivafilm , in 1990. In 1998, it merged with Atlantis Communications , forming Alliance Atlantis Communications. Category Companies established in 1984 Category Companies disestablished in 1998 Category Defunct film and television production companies of Canada tr Alliance Communications ... more details
Infobox company company name Barrett Communications company logo File Barrett logo.jpg slogan company ... Communications products HF and VHF commercial and tactical communications equipment revenue num ... footnotes Barrett Communications is a specialist manufacturer and supplier of commercial high frequency HF , tactical HF and very high frequency VHF communications equipment ... Communications was founded in 1976. The Company steadily grew and began exporting their first ... acquired Q MAC Electronics which increased the Barrett Communications product range to include VHF radio systems. In August 2011, Barrett Communications received certification from the Joint ... Barrett Communications exports to over 150 countries with a global dealer network in 65 countries. The company ... 9001 2008. Barrett Communications also operates a marketing office in the United Kingdom. Barrett Europe Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Barrett Communications, is located in Whiteley in Hampshire. Barrett Communications is represented in the USA by Barrett Communications USA LLC. and also NVIS Communications, LLC. Barrett Consulting div. File 2090 HF manpack.jpg thumb left 2090 HF manpack transceiver High Frequency Radio Communications Barrett Communications designs and manufactures a range of HF communications equipment for commercial and tactical use. The range includes transceivers ... s range of HF communications equipment ranges from basic voice communication to data , email , fax ... VHF brigade radio Very High Frequency Communications Barrett Communications designs and manufactures a range of VHF, communications equipment specifically for tactical use. This range known as the Barrett ... http www.defence.gov.au TeamAustralia Barrett Communications Pty Ltd.htm http www.syspro.com.au ... Communications Pty Ltd http www.army technology.com contractors navigation barrett military http ... equipment Category Interoperable communications Category Radio communications ... more details
mincom src index.jsp Colombian Ministry of Communications es icon http www.comunicate.com.co COLDECON2.php Comunicate.com.co , Coldecon, Internet Provider South America in topic Communications ... DEFAULTSORT Communications In Colombia Category Communications in Colombia es Comunicaciones en Colombia ... more details
Cleanup date March 2011 Infobox Company company name MRV Communications Inc. logo foundation 1988 type Public company Public location city Chatsworth, Los Angeles, California Chatsworth, California location country united States U.S. location locations area served key people industry Semiconductor Integrated Circuit s products services market cap United States dollar USD 242.6 Million 2011 revenue loss United States dollar USD 263.9 Million 2010 ref name sec Cite web url http sec.gov Archives edgar data 887969 000088796911000006 mrv1231201010k.htm ref operating income profit United States dollar USD 12.6 Million 2010 ref name sec net income profit United States dollar USD 50.8 Million 2010 ref name sec assets increase United States dollar USD 326.9 Million 2010 ref name sec equity increase United States dollar USD 221.1 Million 2010 ref name sec owner num employees 743 2010 parent divisions subsid homepage http www.mrv corporate.com default.asp footnotes intl MRV Communications nasdaq MRVC is a communications equipment and services company based in Chatsworth, Los Angeles, California Chatsworth , California . The company, through its business units, is a global provider of optical communications network infrastructure equipment and services to a broad range of telecom concerns, including multinational telecommunications operators, local municipalities, MSOs, corporate and consumer ... voice and cellular communication. This group includes MRV Optical Communications Systems, Creative Electronic ... communications networks. This group includes MRV s European business units Alacdon in Sweden, Interdata ... , Norway , Russia , Singapore , Spain , Sweden , Switzerland , Taiwan and the United ... Advanced Communications, BTI systems, Inc., Canoga Perkins Corp., Ciena, Cisco Systems , Cyan ... Inc., Nokia Siemens Networks BC, Omnitron Systems Technology, Imc., Optelian, RAD Data Communications ..., Finance References Reflist External links http www.mrv corporate.com MRV Communications web site ... more details
Earth Moon Earth , also known as moon bounce , is a radio communications technique which relies on the propagation of radio waves from an Earth based transmitter directed via reflection from the surface of the Moon back to an Earth based receiver. History File ESO s 50th Anniversary logo Moonbounced.jpg thumb ESO s 50th Anniversary logo Moonbounced. ref cite news title ESO Travels to the Moon and Back During its 50th Anniversary Year url http www.eso.org public announcements ann12030 accessdate 27 April 2012 newspaper ESO Announcements ref The use of the Moon as a passive communications satellite was proposed by John Bray communications engineer Mr. W.J. Bray of the British General Post Office in 1940. It was calculated that with the available microwave transmission powers and low noise receivers ... States Navy headquarters in Washington, DC . In the days before communications satellites ... detection of signals from the Moon took place in 1953. EME communications technical details As the albedo ... at VHF and above. The Moon must be above the horizon in order for EME communications to be possible ... is a spherical reflector. Current EME communications Amateur radio ham operators utilize EME for two way communications. EME presents significant challenges to amateur operators interested in working weak signal communications. Currently, EME provides the longest communications path any two stations on Earth can utilize for bi directional communications. Amateur operations use VHF, UHF ..., but most EME communications are on the 2 meter band 2 meter , 70 centimeter band 70 centimeter ... Wave CW Single sideband modulation SSB Other factors influencing EME communications Doppler effect 300 ... MHz EME at http www.vhfdx.net EA6VQ , Balearic Islands, Spain Image 144MHz EME.jpg A part of 144 MHz ... theory Lunar Laser Ranging experiment Meteor burst communications Passive repeater Radar Radar equation ... the development of satellite communications http www.k5rmg.org tech EME.html another calculator http ... more details
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