SCCInfoBox case name AppleComputer, Inc. v. Mackintosh Computers Ltd. AppleComputer, Inc. v. 115778 Canada Inc. full case name Mackintosh Computers Ltd., Compagnie d lectronique Repco Lt e Repco Electronics Co. Ltd., Maison des Semiconducteurs Lt e House of Semiconductors Ltd., Chico Levy and Nat Levy v. AppleComputer, Inc. br 115778 Canada Inc., carrying on business under the firm name and style of Microcom, James Begg and 131375 Canada Inc. v. AppleComputer, Inc. heard date February 26, 1990 decided date June 21, 1990 citations 1990 2 S.C.R. 209 docket 20643 docket2 20644 history Judgment for AppleComputer, Inc. in the Federal Court of Appeal Canada Federal Court of Appeal . ruling Appeal dismissed ratio Programs embedded on a Integrated circuit microchip are protected by copyright under the Copyright Act of Canada Copyright Act . SCC 1989 1990 Unanimous Corey J. Majority JoinMajority Concurrence JoinConcurrence Concurrence Dissent JoinConcurrence Dissent Dissent JoinDissent NotParticipating LawsApplied Copyright Act of Canada AppleComputer, Inc . v. Mackintosh Computers Ltd. , is a Canadian case on copyright law regarding the copyrightability of software. The Court found that programs within Read only memory ROM silicon chips in this case, the Autostart ROM and Applesoft BASIC Applesoft in Apple II systems are protected under the Copyright Act of Canada Copyright Act , and the conversion from the source code into object code is a form of translation. The judge held that translation does not include the expression of an idea in another form, but rather only applies to the expression of an idea in another language. A translation has a one to one correspondence between works that are expressed in two different languages. In effect, it should simply be a reproduction ... AppleInc. litigation Category Canadian copyright case law Category Supreme Court of Canada cases Category AppleInc. litigation Mackintosh Computers Ltd. Category 1986 in Canada Category 1986 in case ... more details
nofootnotes date August 2008 Infobox COA case Litigants AppleComputer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp ... AppleComputer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp. Citations 714 F.2d 1240 3d Cir. 1983 70 A.L.R.Fed. ... Concurrence JoinConcurrence Dissent JoinDissent LawsApplied Copyright Act of 1976 AppleComputer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp. , 714 F.2d 1240 3d Cir. 1983 , was the first time an appellate level court in the United States held that a computer s operating system could be protected by copyright . Franklin Computer Corporation introduced the Franklin ace 100 Franklin Ace 100 , a clone computer science clone of AppleComputer s Apple II , in 1982. Apple quickly determined that substantial ..., it could be freely copied. The Apple II firmware was likened to a machine part whose form was dictated entirely by the requirements of compatibility that is, an exact copy of Apple s ROM was the only part that would fit in an Apple compatible computer and enable its intended function , and was therefore ... protected by copyright. See Williams Elec., Inc., v. Artic Int l, Inc. , 685 F.2d 870 1982 . The Court ... also Notable litigation of AppleComputer External links http digital law online.info cases 219PQ113.htm ... AppleInc. litigation Category United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit cases Category ... Subsequent Rehearing and rehearing en banc denied, 3d Cir. Sept. 23, 1983 Holding Computer software ... Apple s versions, and on May 12, 1982, filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District ... the presence of some of the same embedded string computer science string s, such as the name James Huston an Apple programmer , and Applesoft, on both the Apple and Franklin system disks. Franklin admitted that it had copied Apple s software but argued that it would have been impractical to independently ... its own version of Apple s copy utility and was working on its own versions of other software. Franklin argued that because Apple s software existed only in machine readable medium machine readable ... more details
ref improve date March 2012 Infobox Court Case name AppleComputer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corporation court ... 19, 1994 full name AppleComputer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corporation and Hewlett Packard Co. citations ... Fernandez , Pamela Ann Rymer , and Thomas G. Nelson AppleComputer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corporation ... c F3 35 35.F3d.1435.93 16883.93 16869.93 16867.html AppleComputer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corporation , 35 F.3d 1435 9th Cir. 1994 . ref In the midst of the Applev. Microsoft lawsuit, Xerox also sued Apple alleging that Mac s GUI was heavily based on Xerox s. ref name xeroxsuesapple Fisher, Lawrence. http www.nytimes.com 1989 12 15 business company news xerox sues applecomputer over macintosh copyright.html?scp 3&sq apple xerox&st nyt Xerox Sues AppleComputer Over Macintosh Copyright , The New ... lawsuit in which AppleComputer, Inc. now AppleInc. sought to prevent Microsoft Corporation ... to ensure that if Applev. Microsoft established that look and feel was copyrightable, then Xerox ... Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit cases Category AppleInc. litigation Category Microsoft criticisms ... in Apple s Apple Lisa Lisa and Apple Macintosh Macintosh operating system s. The court ruled that, Apple cannot get patent like protection for the idea of a graphical user interface, or the idea ... Apple s GUI infringed Xerox s. ref http scholar.google.com scholar case?case 3538913398421433687&hl en&as sdt 2&as vis 1&oi scholarr Xerox Corp. v. AppleComputer, Inc. , 734 F. Supp. 1542 N.D. Cal. 1990 . ref Apple lost all claims in the Microsoft suit except for the ruling that the trash can icon ..., ref name courtopinion and Apple s appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court was denied. Background Apple ... GUI, Apple filed suit. Apple added additional claims to the suit when Microsoft released Windows 3.0 . Apple claimed the look and feel of the Macintosh operating system, taken as a whole, was protected ... insisted on an analysis of specific GUI elements that Apple claimed were infringements. Apple listed ... more details
Infobox Court Case name Murphyores IncPtyLtdv Commonwealth court High Court of Australia image Australian coat of arms 1912 edit.png date decided April 14, 1976 full name Murphyores IncPtyLtdv The Commonwealth of Australia citations http www.austlii.edu.au au cases cth high ct 136clr1.html 1976 136 CLR 1 , http www.austlii.edu.au au cases cth HCA 1976 20.html & 091 1976& 093 HCA 20 judges Garfield Barwick Barwick CJ, Edward McTiernan McTiernan , Harry Gibbs Gibbs , Ninian Stephen Stephen , Anthony Mason judge Mason , Kenneth Jacobs Jacobs & Lionel Murphy Murphy JJ prior actions none subsequent actions none opinions 7 0 Section 112 of the Customs Act 1901 Cth was a constitutionally valid law under the trade and commerce power small per Barwick CJ, McTiernan, Gibbs, Stephen, Mason, Jacobs & Murphy JJ small Murphyores IncPtyLtdv Commonwealth 1976 136 Commonwealth Law Reports CLR 1 1976 HCA 20, was a case decided in the High Court of Australia regarding the scope of the trade and commerce power in Section 51 i of the Australian Constitution section 51 i of the Australian Constitution Constitution . Background Section 112 of the http www.austlii.edu.au au legis cth consol act ca1901124 Customs Act 1901 Cth prohibited the exportation of mineral sands unless authorised by the Minister. Murphyores IncPtyLtd, which held leases from the state of Queensland to mine mineral sands on Fraser Island , sought permission from the Minister to export mineral sands. Such authorisation was withheld pending the outcome of an environmental inquiry. Murphyores challenged the constitutional validity of prohibition and sought an injunction to the study, and a declaration that the Minister cannot make a prohibition for environmental purposes. Decision In a unanimous decision, the court held the legislation was a valid exercise of the trade and commerce power. Section 51 i of the Australian Constitution Section 51 i was a non purposive power, and the only relevant factor was the subject ... more details
loses court case against Apple Computers Apple Corps v. AppleComputerAppleInc. litigation A moron ... and the computer manufacturer AppleComputer now AppleInc. over competing trademark rights. The High Court of Justice handed down a judgment on 8 May 2006 in favour of AppleComputer, but the companies ... and AppleComputer, Inc. vol reporter UK opinion Mr. Justice Mann pinpoint court High Court date ... 05apple.html title AppleInc. and The Beatles Apple Corps Ltd. Enter into New Agreement publisher ... Barry Miles Apple Corps Apple DEFAULTSORT Apple Corps VAppleComputer Category Apple Corps ... label, Apple Records , filed a lawsuit against AppleComputer for trademark infringement . The suit ... sep2004 tc20040930 9317 tc056.htm ref As a condition of the settlement, AppleComputer agreed not to enter the music business, and Apple Corps agreed not to enter the computer business. ref name LEM cite web last Hormby first Thomas title What s In a Name? Apple Corp vs. AppleComputer publisher ... ref cite news url http news.bbc.co.uk 1 hi entertainment 4750533.stm title History of ApplevApple publisher BBC date 2006 05 08 accessdate 2007 02 03 ref 1986 1989 In 1986, AppleComputer added Musical ... & Semiconductors Ensoniq into the Apple IIGS Hardware features Apple II small GS small computer. In 1989 ... profitable Apple II series Apple II line, all forays at the time by AppleComputer into the multimedia ... , while AppleComputer held the right to use Apple on goods or services...used to reproduce, run ... words, AppleComputer agreed that it would not package, sell or distribute physical music materials. 2003 2006 In September 2003, Apple Corps sued AppleComputer again, this time for breach of contract , in using the Apple logo in the creation and operation of AppleComputer s iTunes Store iTunes Music ... the wording of the previous settlement favoured AppleComputer in this case. ref name BW Other observers speculated that if Apple Corps was successful, AppleComputer would be forced to offer a much ... more details
AppleInc. v. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. AppleInc. v. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. is the first of many of a series of ongoing lawsuit s between AppleInc. and Samsung Electronics . In the spring of 2011, while Apple and Motorola Mobility were fully engaged in a patent war on several fronts, Apple also began litigating against Samsung in patent infringement suits, expanding its ongoing war to fight another major technology company at the same time. ref AppleInc. v. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. , case 11 CV 01846 LHK, 768 F. Supp. 2d 1040, U.S. Dist. Ct., N.D.Cal. 2011 4. ref Apple s multinational ... scholar case?case 7640267488041819002 AppleInc. v. Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., et al , Order ... infringement, and unjust enrichment . ref name samsungComplaint Complaint, Applev. Samsung , CV ... story 25087 Apple Also Manipulated Evidence in Dutch Applev Samsung Case Apple Also Manipulated Evidence in Dutch Applev Samsung Case , OS News, osnews.com, 2011 8 19. ref ref name earley .... AppleInc. , NSD1792 2011. Full Court of the Federal Court of Australia Sydney . ref U.S. courts The injunction ... 1 28. ref See also Smartphone patent licensing and litigation AppleInc. litigation Motorola Mobility v. AppleInc. References Reflist Navboxes list1 Samsung Electronics Samsung phones Apple iOS Category AppleInc. litigation Category Lawsuits Category United States lawsuits Category Intellectual .... ref Barrett, Paul M., http www.businessweek.com articles 2012 03 29 apple s war on android Apple ... 2011, Apple and Samsung were carrying out their legal battles in 19 ongoing lawsuits in 12 courts ... Albanesius, Chloe, http www.pcmag.com article2 0,2817,2392920,00.asp Every Place Samsung and Apple ... article 2011 10 27 us apple samsung australia idUSTRE79Q0SN20111027 Australian court to fast ... Approaches To Measuring Consumer Demand , Santa Clara Computer & High Technology Law Journal ... Apple and Samsung Chief executive officer s into settlement talks to sort out their patent disputes ... more details
have shown that literal elements of program code are protected by copyright in AppleComputer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp. ref name Apple http bulk.resource.org courts.gov c F2 714 714.F2d.1240.82 1582.html AppleComputer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp. , 714 F.2d 1240 3d Cir. 1983 . ref among ... infringement, non literal elements, substantial similarity, abstraction filtration comparison Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc., 982 F.2d 693 2d Cir. 1992 ref name CA http www.bitlaw.com source cases copyright altai.html Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc. , 982 ...Original research date September 2009 Primary sources date September 2009 Infobox Court Case name Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc. court United States Court of Appeals for the Second ..., and vacated and remanded the ruling on trade secret misappropriation. full name Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc. citations 982 F.2d 693 119 A.L.R. Fed. 741 61 USLW 2434 ... http ftp.resource.org courts.gov c F2 797 797.F2d.1222.85 1358.html Whelan Associates Inc. v. Jaslow ... York in which the district court found that defendant Altai s OSCAR 3.4 computer program had infringed plaintiff Computer Associates copyrighted computer program entitled CA SCHEDULER. ref name CA The district ... concluded that Computer Associate s state law trade secret misappropriation claim against Altai was preempted .... ref name CA Background of the case Computer Associates CA created a Job scheduler job scheduling program called CA SCHEDULER which sorts, runs, and controls the various tasks given to a computer ... James Williams recruited his longtime friend Claude Arney, an employee of Computer Associates ... a proper test that took into consideration the copying of non literal elements of computer software ... of ADAPTER including flow charts, inter modular relationships, Parameter computer science parameter lists , Macro computer science macros , and services obtained from the operating system. To approach ... more details
Infobox SCOTUS case Litigants Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc. ArgueDate January 16 ArgueYear 2008 DecideDate June 9 DecideYear 2008 FullName Quanta Computer, Inc., et al., Petitioners, v. LG Electronics, Inc. USVol 553 USPage 617 Citation 128 S.Ct. 2109, 170 L.Ed.2d 996, 76 USLW 4375, 86 ... JoinConcurrence Dissent NotParticipating LawsApplied Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc. , Case citation 553 U.S. 617 2008 ref 128 S. Ct. 2109 2008 . ref is a decision of the U.S. Supreme ... facweb claw EIPR Quanta.pdf Quanta ComputerIncv LGE Electronics Inc Comments on the Reaffirmance ..., given the Federal Circuit s 1992 ruling in Mallinckrodt, Inc. v. Medipart, Inc. ref 976 F.2d .... v. Medipart, Inc. , ref 976 F.2d 700 Fed. Cir. 1992 . ref the Federal Circuit had held that patent ... Windsurfing Int l, Inc. v. AMF, Inc., 782 F.2d 995, 1001 02 Fed. Cir. 1986 . ref But this Federal .... For example, in Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc. , ref 395 U.S. 100 1969 . ref the Supreme .... Co. v. MTD Products, Inc., 731 F.2d 840, 845 Fed. Cir. 1984 . ref Under the Supreme Court s Lincoln ..., Inc. v. Medipart, Inc. , which had limited the applicability of the exhaustion doctrine when a sale ... Incv LGE Electronics Inc Comments on the Reaffirmance of the Exhaustion Doctrine in the United States ... General Talking Pictures case. The second format follows the pattern of the Mallinckrodt, Inc. v. Medipart ... 1304.05 1302.05 1264.05 1262.html LG Electronics, Inc. v. Bizcom Electronics, Inc. , 453 F.3d 1364 ... Circuit perhaps reasonably, see Quanta EIPR at 531 LG Electronics, Inc. v. Bizcom Electronics, Inc ... Components, Inc. v. Lexmark Int l, Inc. , 615 F.Supp.2d 575 E.D. Ky, 2009 , the district court reconsidered ... its decision in LG Electronics, Inc. v. Bizcom Electronics, Inc ., 453 F.3d 1364, 1369 Fed. Cir. 2006 ... microprocessor products with other parts of a computer . The License Agreement also provided, however ... a licensed Intel microprocessor product with any other product for example, a computer containing ... more details
Cleanup date October 2010 Data General Corp. v. Digital Computer Controls, Inc. was a 1971 case in which ... identical in design ref name 1975case Data General Corporation v. Digital Computer Controls, Inc. , 375 .... ref name 1972case Data General Corporation v. Digital Computer Controls, Inc. 297 A.2d 437 Del. Supr ... reporter archives tabor hoffman.htm Tabor v. Hoffman , 118 N.Y. 30, 23 N.E. 12 N.Y. 1889 . ref ref Schulenburg v. Signatrol, Inc. , 33 Ill.2d 379, 212 N.E.2d 865 Ill. 1965 . ref and has ... injunction barring Digital Computer Controls from selling the D 116 based primarily on a claim of trade secret misappropriation. ref name 1971case Data General Corporation v. Digital Computer Controls, Inc. , 297 A.2d 433 Del. Ch. 1971 . ref Digital Computer Controls consequently moved for summary ... Computer Controls, Inc. Category Trade secrets Category United States computer case law Category ... a shrinkwrap license . After acquiring drawings with a Nova 1200 purchase, Digital Computer Controls designed its own nearly identical minicomputer. Digital Computer Controls maintained that its use ... had sufficiently protected the secrecy of the drawings and that Digital Computer Controls ... as fast as previous models. Upon purchaser s request, Data General Corporation would include with the computer ... agreement of confidentiality with their purchase. In March 1971, the president of Digital Computer Controls purchased a secondhand Nova 1200 from a third party. Before receiving the computer, Digital Computer Controls requested the accompanying design documentation from the seller and subsequently photocopied ... items without the written permission of Data General Corp. Digital Computer Controls then used ... based on Digital Computer Controls alleged misappropriation of trade secrets. Digital Computer Controls ... Computer Control s acquisition of the design documentation was appropriate, as the purchaser of a Nova 1200 was entitled to the drawings. However, Digital Computer Controls improperly used the trade ... more details
Italic title force true MAI Systems Corp. v. Peak Computer, Inc. , 991 F.2d 511 9th Cir. 1993 , was a case heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit which addressed the question of whether or not the loading of a software program into Random Access Memory RAM by a computer repair technician makes a copy of the software that is a potential violation of copyright law. The court held that it did, although the United States Congress subsequently enacted an amendment to USC 17 117 to specifically overrule this holding in the circumstances of computer repair. Background Peak Computer, Inc. is a computer maintenance company that organized in 1990. Peak maintained computer systems for its clients by performing routine maintenance and emergency repairs. When providing maintenance or making emergency repairs, Peak booted the MAI computer, causing the MAI operating system to be loaded from the hard disk into RAM. MAI also alleged that Peak ran MAI s diagnostic software during Peak s service calls. This case involved the two parties MAI Systems and Peak Computer, as well as defendant Eric Francis, a former MAI Systems Corporation employee who joined Peak Computer, Inc. Copyright Issues MAI contended that Peak s use of the MAI operating system constituted copyright infringement. MAI argued that the license agreement which permitted an end user to make a copy of the program for their own use did not extend to Peak because Peak was not the licensee and therefore had no rights under the license agreement. The court agreed and granted partial summary judgment which prohibited Peak from continuing their method of operation. The court determined that a copy of a program made from a hard drive into RAM for purpose of executing the program was, in fact, a copy under the Copyright ..., the same as, or working with MAI Systems. External links MAI Systems Corp. v. Peak Computer, Inc. , http www.law.cornell.edu copyright cases 991 F2d 511.htm 991 F.2d 511 9th Cir. 1993 . Category ... more details
on the similar case between Sega Enterprises, Ltd. v. Accolade, Inc. Sega Enterprises Ltd. and Accolade Inc. in 1992, where the key finding relating to Connectix v. Sony was that copying for the purpose ...Infobox Court Case name Sony Computer Entertainment v. Connectix Corporation court United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit date argued Sept. 14, 1999 date decided February 10, 2000 full name Sony Computer Entertainment v. Connectix Corporation citations 203 F.3d 596 9th Cir. 2000 judges Herbert Choy, William Canby Jr., and Barry G. Silverman Italic title force true Sony Computer Entertainment v. Connectix Corporation , 203 F.3d 596 2000 , is a decision by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals which ruled that the copying of a copyrighted BIOS software during the development of an emulator software does not constitute copyright infringement , but is covered by fair use . The court also ruled that Connectix Connectix Corp. had not tarnished Sony s Sony Playstation PlayStation trademark by selling its emulator software, the Virtual Game Station . Background of the case Connectix started the development of the Virtual Game Station VGS for the Macintosh platform in July 1998 with the aim of creating a software program that emulated Sony s popular PlayStation video games console s hardware and firmware . This would make it possible for the VGS users to play games developed for the PlayStation on Macintosh hardware, with plans to release a Windows PC compatible version at a later ... of their product. , finding it to be artificial. ref name case cite web title SONY COMPUTER ENTERTAINMENT v. CONNECTIX CORP., 203 F.3d 596 9th Cir. 2000 accessdate 23 May 2011 PD notice ref ... by making numerous intermediate copies that is, copies of copyrighted computer code created ... hollaar cite web last Hollaar first Lee A. title Chapter 2 Copyright of Computer Programs url http ... of emulators within the United States. ref name pettus See also Sega v. Accolade Connectix Reverse ... more details
no footnotes date November 2010 The Blue Meanies of AppleComputer was an engineering group primarily responsible for the architecture of System 7 Macintosh System 7 during the early and mid 1990s. The name, a reference to the evil characters of Pepperland in the movie Yellow Submarine 1968 film Yellow Submarine , originated with the Pink Blue split in Apple s operating system planning, where Pink was to be the further out project that ultimately became Taligent , while Blue designated incremental improvements to the shipping Mac OS. The Meanie part of the name derived from the group s architectural role, which frequently entailed telling engineers in other groups what to do. While the Meanies have sometimes been characterized as the coders of System 7 , the Mac OS was by then sufficiently large that major subsystems such as QuickDraw and QuickTime were developed and maintained by specialized groups, and the Meanies primarily focused on getting the pieces to work together. The name appeared outside of Apple as an Easter egg virtual Easter egg starting in System 7.0.1, where the text Help Help We re being held prisoner in a system software factory and The Blue Meanies was followed by a list of names. Subsequent releases were updated to track the comings and goings of people in the group. Since many of the Meanies were also the senior engineers interacting with developers at the Worldwide ... Apple Scott Boyd Lew Cirne David Collins Wayne Correia Chris Derossi Pete Helme Fred Huxham Don Louv Kevin MacDonell Brian McGhie Greg Marriott Jeff Miller Apple Jeff Miller Fred Monroe Sean Parent Stan ... File Nobody doubts that Apple s renowned system software programmers have a sense of humor. But here ... who formed Apple s System 7 bug shooting and quality control SWAT team. Interestingly, if you ... were provided by Domestic Partner Amy, the Underpaid Process Dude, or The Flake. Category AppleInc. employees ... more details
orphan date November 2009 Frosty Treats, Inc. v. Sony Computer Entertainment America, Inc. , Case citation 426 F.3d 1001 8th Cir. 2005 , is a trademark case in which the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit held that the name of one of the largest ice cream truck franchise companies in the United States was neither distinctive nor famous enough to receive protection against being used in a violent video game. Background Frosty Treats, Inc. is the name of one of the largest ice cream truck street vendors in the United States. Their trucks uniformly feature a Frosty Treats logo, typically surrounded by the logos of various frozen snacks sold by the vender. Another feature of the trucks is the Safety Clown , an image of a clown pointing children towards the back of the vehicle. In the mid 1990s, Sony released Twisted Metal 2 , a video game that allows players to wreak havoc on simulated streets with a variety of vehicles including an ice cream truck prominently featuring a logo that says Frosty Treats . The video game ice cream truck is driven by a crazed clown known as Sweet Tooth Twisted Metal Sweet Tooth , one of many featured in the game. Lawsuit Frosty Treats, Inc. filed a lawsuit against Sony contending that the game infringed on the company s trademarks through the use of the phrase, Frosty Treats , as well as similarities between the video game clown and the company s own safety clown. The U.S. District Court for the Western District of Missouri granted summary judgment to Sony and dismissed the case, holding that the name could not be protected because it was generic. U.S. District Judge Scott Wright stated in his May 19, 2005 dismissal that the various depictions of the Sweet Tooth character in defendant s Twisted Metal series Twisted Metal games and plaintiff s Safety Clown are so dissimilar that no reasonable trier of fact could conclude that they are confusingly similar. http www.bizjournals.com kansascity stories 2004 07 26 focus5.html Additionally ... more details
primarysources date April 2012 Infobox Company logo name SPARKLE Computer Co., Ltd. logo type Privately held company Private genre foundation 1982 modifies Founded entry founder location city Taipei location country Taiwan location of locations locations of locations origins key people area served industry Computer Industry products graphics card s, Consumer Electronic s services revenue operating income net income num employees parent divisions subsid slogan homepage http www.sparkle.com.tw http www.sparkle.com.tw dissolved footnotes SPARKLE Computer Co., Ltd. marketed as simply SPARKLE , a Taiwan ese discrete graphics controller s manufacturer established in 1982 that is based in Taipei , Taiwan . SPARKLE markets its products globally, worldwide, today only manufacturing NVIDIA based graphics controller s and peripherals fans and heatsink s for graphics controller s, targeting computer gamer enthusiasts. Currently, SPARKLE s GeForce 9400 series and 9500 series cards are the most powerful cards for the PCI interface, making it popular among gamers and Home theater PC HTPC builders without a PCI Express or AGP motherboard. SPARKLE has also introduced new GeForce 9 based high end cards in the low profile format for PCI Express . Products PCI Series SPARKLE is one of the few manufacturers of modern GPU based discrete graphics controller s that still uses the Conventional PCI PCI interface, and probably the only manufacturer of GeForce 8 Series and GeForce 9 Series based discrete graphics controller s. GeForce 8400 PCI SPARKLE introduced a unique PCI version of the GeForce 8400 ... s website below. References reflist External links commonscat SPARKLE Computer Co. Official http www.sparkle.com.tw DEFAULTSORT Sparkle Computer Co., Ltd. Category Graphics hardware companies Category Computer hardware companies Category Companies established in 1982 Category Privately held companies Category Companies based in Taipei fr Sparkle Computer pl Sparkle Computer uk SPARKLE ... more details
Infobox Court Case name Anderson s PtyLtdv Victoria court High Court of Australia image Australia coa.png date decided 17 December 1964 full name Anderson s PtyLtdv Victoria citations http www.austlii.edu.au au cases cth high ct 111clr353.html 1964 111 CLR 353 judges Garfield Barwick Barwick CJ, Edward McTiernan McTiernan , Frank Kitto Kitto , Alan Taylor jurist Taylor , Douglas Menzies Menzies and Victor Windeyer Windeyer JJ prior actions none subsequent actions none opinions Anderson s PtyLtdv Victoria 1964 111 Commonwealth Law Reports CLR 353 is a High Court of Australia case that dealt with Section 90 of the Australian Constitution section 90 of the Constitution of Australia Australian Constitution . In this case, following on from such cases as Dennis Hotels PtyLtdv Victoria , Barwick CJ accepted the broad approach to the definition of an excise, but rejected the formalistic criterion of liability approach for determining if the excise falls at the relevant step. He adopted the substance over form approach, or the substantial effects doctrine, in that there are many factors to be considered, for example, the indirectness of the tax, its effect on the cost of goods and its proximity to the production or distribution of the goods. See also Section 90 of the Australian Constitution Australian constitutional law References George Winterton Winterton, G. et al. Australian federal constitutional law commentary and materials , 1999. LBC Information Services, Sydney. External links http www.austlii.edu.au au cases cth high ct 111clr353.html Full text of the decision Category High Court of Australia cases Category 1964 in Australia Category Australian constitutional law Category Excise in the Australian Constitution cases Category 1964 in case law ... more details
Infobox Court Case name Hematite Petroleum PtyLtdv Victoria court High Court of Australia image Australia coa.png date decided 5 August 1983 full name Hematite Petroleum PtyLtdv Victoria citations http www.austlii.edu.au au cases cth high ct 151clr599.html 1983 151 CLR 599 judges Harry Gibbs Gibbs CJ, Anthony Mason judge Mason , Lionel Murphy Murphy , Ronald Wilson Wilson , Gerard Brennan Brennan and William Deane Deane JJ prior actions none subsequent actions none opinions Hematite Petroleum PtyLtdv Victoria 1983 151 Commonwealth Law Reports CLR 599 is a High Court of Australia case that deals with Section 90 of the Australian Constitution section 90 of the Constitution of Australia Australian Constitution . Background The plaintiffs sought a declaration that the tax imposed in the Pipelines Act 1967 Victoria Australia Vic , as amended by the Pipelines Fees Act 1981 Vic , was invalid for being an excise duty contrary to section 90. The pipeline operation fee for the financial year 1981 1982 was 10 million for the trunk pipelines. These pipelines were used for the transportation of gas liquids and crude oil, which formed an integral step in the production of the products sold by the plaintiffs . Decision Mason J restated the rejection of the narrow view of excise, but noted that the broad view was tempered by the insistence of the Court that there be a strict relationship between the tax and the goods the criterion of liability approach , and the problem of defining that relationship. He referred to the formulation in Bolton v Madsen , which has not emerged unscathed from the more recent decisions on s 90 for example, there was Barwick CJ s formulation of a variety of factors in Anderson s PtyLtdv Victoria . His Honour notes that section 90 would do very little to add to the powers of the Commonwealth s economic and financial powers, if the States were allowed to circumvent the prohibition in section 90 through the criterion of liability approach. Since section ... more details
Infobox Court Case name Dickenson s Arcade PtyLtdv Tasmania court High Court of Australia image Australia coa.png date decided 1 April 1974 full name Dickenson s Arcade PtyLtdv Tasmania citations http www.austlii.edu.au au cases cth high ct 130clr177.html 1974 130 CLR 177 judges Garfield Barwick Barwick CJ, Edward McTiernan McTiernan , Douglas Menzies Menzies , Harry Gibbs Gibbs , Ninian Stephen Stephen and Anthony Mason judge Mason JJ prior actions none subsequent actions none opinions 5 1 A licensing scheme with a backdating mechanism is not an excise small per Barwick CJ, Menzies, Gibbs, Stephen & Mason JJ McTiernan J dissenting small Dickenson s Arcade PtyLtdv Tasmania 1974 130 Commonwealth Law Reports CLR 177 is a High Court of Australia case that dealt with Section 90 of the Australian Constitution section 90 of the Constitution of Australia Australian Constitution . In this case, the Act in question imposed licences for the sale of tobacco, and the fee was calculated as being 2.5 percent of the retail value of tobacco sold in the 12 month period ending 6 months prior to the licence period. Three judges, namely Gibbs, Menzies and Stephen JJ, applied the criterion of liability approach and held that the fee was not an excise and thus not invalid by section 90 see Dennis Hotels PtyLtdv Victoria . Barwick CJ and Mason J, while disapproving of the criterion of liability approach, felt bound to follow the precedent set by Dennis Hotels , since the facts of that cases were quite similar to those in this case. The Court, with the exception of McTiernan J, excluded consumption taxes from duties of excise, although such taxes are frequently also a tax on the sale of goods. See also Section 90 of the Australian Constitution Australian constitutional law References George Winterton Winterton, G. et al. Australian federal constitutional law commentary and materials , 1999. LBC Information Services, Sydney. External links http www.austlii.edu.au au cases cth high ct ... more details
Computer Control Company, Inc. 1953 1966 , informally known as 3C, was a pioneering minicomputer company known for its DDP series Digital Data Processor computers, notably the 1963 16 bit DDP 116 and the 24 bit DDP 24 . It was founded in 1953 by Dr. Louis Fein , the physicist who had earlier designed the Raytheon RAYDAC computer. ref Background, Vol. 7, No. 2 Aug., 1963 , pp. 109 110 published by Blackwell Publishing on behalf of The International Studies Association ref The company moved to Framingham, Massachusetts in 1959. Prior to the introduction of the DDP series it developed a series of digital logical modules, initially based on vacuum tubes. In 1966 it was sold to Honeywell Honeywell, Inc. . As the Computer Controls division of Honeywell, it introduced further DDP series computer, and was a 100,000,000 business until 1970 when Honeywell purchased GE s computer division and discontinued development of the DDP line. ref cite web url http www.series16.adrianwise.co.uk history ccc.html title Computer Control Company publisher Adrian Wise author Adrian Wise accessdate 2008 06 09 ref In a 1970 essay, Murray Bookchin used the DDP 124 as his example of computer progress cquote In 1945, J. Presper Eckert , Jr. and John W. Mauchly of the University of Pennsylvania unveiled the ENIAC ... it weighed more than thirty tons, contained 18,800 vacuum tubes with half a million connections ... erratically... Some twenty years later, the Computer Control Company of Framingham, Massachusetts offered the DDP 124 for sale. The DDP 124 is a small, compact computer that resembles a bedside AM ..., Minneapolis. Fein discusses establishing computer science as an academic discipline at SRI ... in 1953 Category Minicomputers Category Computer companies of the United States Category Defunct computer hardware companies Category Defunct computer companies of the United States Category Companies ... of Raytheon s RAYDAC Computer and the Computer Control Company. ... more details
orphan date January 2008 Infobox Court Case name Bath v Alston Holdings PtyLtd court High Court of Australia image Australian coat of arms 1912 edit.png date decided 7 June 1988 full name Bath v Alston Holdings PtyLtd citations http www.austlii.edu.au au cases cth high ct 165clr411.html 1988 165 CLR 411 judges Anthony Mason judge Mason CJ, Ronald Wilson Wilson , Gerard Brennan Brennan , William Deane Deane , Daryl Dawson Dawson , John Toohey judge Toohey and Mary Gaudron Gaudron JJ prior actions none subsequent actions none opinions 4 3 The retail fee in question was found to be discriminatory and protectionist in relation to interstate trade small per Mason CJ, Brennan, Deane & Dawson JJ Wilson, Toohey & Dawson JJ dissenting small Bath v Alston Holdings PtyLtd 1988 165 Commonwealth Law Reports CLR 411 is a High Court of Australia case that discusses the application of the freedom of interstate trade, as specified in Section 92 of the Australian Constitution section 92 of the Constitution of Australia Australian Constitution . This case followed the unanimous decision of Cole v Whitfield regarding the interpretation of section 92 as about free trade as opposed to individual rights. Background The Business Franchise Tobacco Act 1974 Victoria Australia Vic imposed a licensing scheme for the sale of tobacco . For retailers, the fee was composed of a flat fee and an amount equal to 25 of the value of the tobacco sold in the previous twelve months. The Act also made for the provision of wholesalers, and tobacco bought by retailers from Victorian wholesalers would not be taken ... sold. The defendant, Alston Holdings PtyLtd, was a tobacco retailer in Victoria, who imported ... to challenge the Act on section 92 grounds. Decision The unanimous decision in Cole v Whitfield soothed ... came only weeks later, brought with it a split bench, but as suggested in Castlemaine Tooheys Ltdv South Australia 1990 169 CLR 436, The difference ... flowed more from disagreement about the appropriate ... more details
Infobox Court Case name Dennis Hotels PtyLtdv Victoria court High Court of Australia image Australian coat of arms 1912 edit.png date decided 26 February 1960 full name Dennis Hotels PtyLtdv Victoria citations http www.austlii.edu.au au cases cth high ct 104clr529.html 1960 104 CLR 529 judges Owen Dixon Dixon CJ, Edward McTiernan McTiernan , Wilfred Fullagar Fullagar , Frank Kitto Kitto , Alan Taylor jurist Taylor , Douglas Menzies Menzies and Victor Windeyer Windeyer JJ prior actions none subsequent actions none opinions 4 3 The fee for the renewal of a liquor retailer s licence was held not to be an excise small per Fullagar, Kitto, Menzies & Taylor JJ small 4 3 The fee for the temporary licence was held to be an excise small per Dixon CJ, McTiernan, Menzies & Windeyer JJ small Dennis Hotels PtyLtdv Victoria 1960 104 Commonwealth Law Reports CLR 529 is a High Court of Australia case that deals with Section 90 of the Australian Constitution section 90 of the Constitution of Australia Australian Constitution , which prohibits States from levying customs or excise duties. Although some of the judges used the now discredited criterion of liability approach, this case remains authority for cases that are factually similar to it. Background The Licensing Act 1958 Vic contained two sections of contention. Section 19 1 a imposed fees for the grant or renewal of liquor licences, and the fee was calculated as 6 percent of the value of liquor purchased during the 12 months up to June 30 of the previous year. Section 19 1 b imposed fees for temporary licences, and the fee would be 1 Australian pound pound per year together with 6 percent of the value of liquor purchased. Decision Three judges, Fullagar, Kitto and Taylor JJ, used the highly formalistic criterion of liability approach which has since been discredited to decide this case. In this approach, the fees were not viewed ..., applying the minority judgment in Parton v Milk Board Vic . However, in deciding the character ... more details
Infobox Court Case name Nationwide News PtyLtdv Wills court High Court of Australia image Australia coa.png date decided 30 September 1992 full name Nationwide News PtyLtdv Wills citations http www.austlii.edu.au au cases cth HCA 1992 46.html 1992 177 CLR 1 judges Anthony Mason judge Mason CJ, Gerard Brennan Brennan , William Deane Deane , Daryl Dawson Dawson , John Toohey judge Toohey , Mary Gaudron Gaudron and Michael McHugh McHugh JJ prior actions none subsequent actions none opinions 7 0 The law in question was held to be invalid small per Mason CJ, Brennan, Deane, Dawson, Toohey, Gaudron & McHugh JJ small Nationwide News PtyLtdv Wills 1992 177 Commonwealth Law Reports CLR 1 is a High Court of Australia case that deals with a number of issues regarding the Constitution of Australia Australian Constitution , including freedom of interstate intercourse Section 92 of the Australian Constitution section 92 , the implied freedom of political communication, and the role of proportionality. Background The Industrial Relations Act 1988 Cth made it an offence to bring the Australian Industrial Relations Commission into disrepute. Nationwide News published an article attacking the integrity and independence of the Commission. Nationwide News argued that the Act infringed the implied freedom of political communications, while the Commonwealth argued that the Act was valid under Section 51 xxxv of the Australian Constitution section 51 xxxv conciliation and arbitration power , as well as Section 51 xxxix of the Australian Constitution section 51 xxxix express incidental power . Decision Interstate intercourse Although it was not a decisive factor, it was argued that freedom of communication falls under freedom of interstate intercourse. Per Brennan J, the protection in section 92 is given to such things as the movement of people, goods and communications. The essential ingredient is that there is movement across State boundaries, although the movement need not be perceivable ... more details
Refimprove date February 2007 Computer Consoles Inc. or CCI was a telephony and computer company located ... of 68k based Unix computers and the Power 6 32 Unix supermini . History Computer Consoles Inc. CCI ..., NY, Irvine, CA and Reston, VA operations of Computer Consoles, Inc CCI . It was first established ..., and Jeffrey Tai, to develop one of the earliest versions of a smart computer terminal, principally ... of the smart computer terminal, and the expertise the company gained in understanding Operator Services, the company started development programs to offer networked computer systems that provided contract ... PERPOS S, which was originally a Version 7 Unix Version 7 derived kernel computer science kernel ... III compatibility. Later, Computer Consoles opened a development center in Irvine, California , USA ..., and the Computer Systems Research Group at the University of California, Berkeley also ported 4.3BSD ... articles.sun sentinel.com 1985 06 04 business 8501220335 1 computer systems division harris corp minicomputer title New Harris Computer Introduced accessdate 2011 11 04 ref A companion 68010 based ... access via a compact desktop smart terminal backed by a mini, or super mini computer. Although the system ... architectures. It continued to be used widely by ICL customers into the late 1990s. CCI Europe Inc CCI Europe Inc was the wholly owned European Sales and Support operations based in West London and established ... America & the Middle East. Having had a long computer industry career, he recruited industry professionals ... CCI range of computer and telephony products. CCI Europe maintained close co operation with Rochester ... & BT and became an integral aspect of the parent company. CCI Israel, Inc. CCI Israel, Inc ... language . It was a pioneer of design and deployment of real time, transaction processing computer ..., and a Computer Products Division in Irvine CCI Irvine , which manufactured computer hardware. Office ... GTE over GTE s failure to supply CCI with certain computer chips for a new generation of computers ... more details
Infobox Company name Computer Peripherals, Inc. logo File Computer Peripherals Inc.png 160px type Privately held company Private genre fate Merged predecessor Holley Computer Products successor Centronics foundation 1964 founder defunct End date 1982 location city Rochester, Michigan Rochester , Michigan location country United States location locations area served key people industry products Printers services market cap revenue operating income net income aum assets equity owner num employees parent Control Data Corporation divisions subsid homepage footnotes intl Computer Peripherals, Inc. CPI was an American manufacturer of Printer computing computer printers , based in Rochester, Michigan . CPI s precursor, Holley Computer Products, was formed as a joint venture between Control Data Corporation CDC and the Holley Performance Products Holley Carburetor Company in April 1962. Holley developed and produced a series of drum printers. In June 1964, CDC bought out Holley and partnered with NCR Corporation NCR and International Computers Limited ICL to form CPI in Rochester. ref name babbage cite web url http www.cbi.umn.edu collections inv cdc cbi00080 01.html title CDC Records Acquisitions, Subsidiaries, and Joint Ventures, 1952 1991 work Charles Babbage Institute accessdate 2006 07 07 ref In the early 1970s CPI also had a branch in Valley Forge, PA. This division made punched card readers and 9 track magnetic tape drives for both parent companies CDC and NCR . In 1978 CDC bought controlling interest of CPI. CPI produced several train printers under the CDC and Fastrain brands, including the CDC Model 512 1967 , the Fastrain A 1200 LPM 1969 and the Fastrain 9372 III 2000 LPM 1976 . ref name webster cite book last Webster first Edward year 2001 title Print Unchained 50 Years .... References Reflist Category Control Data Corporation Category Defunct computer companies of the United ... in 1964 Category Computer printer companies Category Companies disestablished in 1982 Category Defunct ... more details
Milirrpum v Nabalco PtyLtd , 1971 17 FLR 141 the Gove land rights case , was the first litigation on native title in Australia . The decision of Justice Richard Blackburn ruled against the claimants on a number of issues of law and fact, rejecting the doctrine of aboriginal title in favor of terra nullius . Although Milirrpum was not appealed beyond the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory , it was overruled by the High Court of Australia two decades later in Mabo v Queensland No 2 1992 . Blackburn, in a confidential memorandum to the government and opposition, opined that a system of Aboriginal land rights was morally right and socially expedient . ref National Archives of Australia, confidential memorandum provided to government and opposition by Justice Blackburn urging the establishment of a statutory system of land rights, 1972, released 31 Dec 2001 ref The judgement concludes I cannot help being specially conscious that for the plaintiffs it is a matter in which their personal feelings are involved. ref 1971 71 FLR 141 at 293. ref Background main Native title in Australia In December 1968, the Yolngu people living in Yirrkala, Northern Territory Yirrkala , who were the traditional owners of the Gove Peninsula in Arnhem Land , obtained writs in the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory against the Nabalco Corporation, which had secured a twelve year bauxite mining lease from the Federal Government. Their goal was to establish in law their rightful claim to their homelands. The Yolngu people claimed they enjoyed legal and sovereignty sovereign rights over their land and sought declarations to occupy the land free from interference pursuant to their native title rights. The Yolngu people had petitioned the Australian House of Representatives in August 1963 in Australia 1963 with a Yirrkala bark petitions bark petition after the government sold part of the Arnhem ... rights . References reflist DEFAULTSORT Milirrpum v Nabalco PtyLtd Category Native title ... more details
Computer Memories Inc. CMI was a Chatsworth, California manufacturer of hard disk s during the early 1980s. CMI made basic stepper motor based drives, with low cost in mind. In August 1984 they secured a major contract as sole producer of 20 megabyte hard drives for the base model of the IBM PC AT . Unfortunately, the Singapore manufactured CM6000 drives proved highly unreliable. Dealers reported failure rates as high as 25 to 30 percent. ref Borrett, Lloyd. http www.borrett.id.au computing art 1985 09 01.htm Megabyte Tarnish , PC Australia , September 1985 url accessed June 17, 2006 ref Part of the problem was high demand for the PC AT IBM increased its order from 90,000 units in 1984 to 240,000 in 1985, and manufacturing quality suffered. Second, the design of the disk drive subsystem itself was flawed. ref http do info.com feature cmi ibm.html CMI s IBM Contract Blessing or Curse , Data Storage Report July 1985 ref At the same time, Quantum Corporation sued CMI for patent infringement relating to the Servomechanism servo mechanism in the entire CM6600 line of drives. Instead of putting the tracking grating on the head arm and driving the arm directly from a voice coil , like the Quantum designs, CMI made a composite motor that would bolt to the drive in place of the usual stepper motor, with the voice coil on the bottom and the tracking mechanism on top similar to DC servo motors used in process controls and robotics . CMI connected the motor to the arm with a metal band pulley, the same mechanism they used on their stepper motor drives. Since the feedback system was behind the pulley, it had to compensate for slack in the arm, one of several things the CMI firmware didn ... American Holdings, Inc. In 1995 it was renamed Pure World, Inc. after its largest subsidiary, a supplier ... histories Pure World Inc Company History.html Funding Universe Pure World, Inc. Hard disk drive manufacturers Category Defunct computer companies of the United States Category Computer storage companies ... more details
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