about the string operation of computer programming for concatenation of general lists Append ProgLangCompare In computer programming , string concatenation is the operation of joining two character string computer science character strings end to end. For example, the strings snow and ball may be concatenated to give snowball . In many programming language s, string concatenation is a binary operation binary infix operator . For example, the following Expression computer science expression uses the symbol as the concatenation operator to join 2 strings code Hello, World code , and has the value Hello, World . Concatenation of sets of strings In computer science , in particular in the theory of computation , the concatenation operation on strings is generalized to an operation on sets of strings as follows For two sets of strings S sub 1 sub and S sub 2 sub , the concatenation S sub 1 sub S sub 2 sub consists of all strings of the form vw where v is a string from S sub 1 sub and w is a string from S sub 2 sub . In this definition, the string vw is the ordinary concatenation of strings v and w as defined in the introductory section. In this context, sets of strings are often referred to as formal languages . Notice that we do not use an explicit operator symbol for representing the concatenation. Applications Audio telephony In programming for telephony, concatenation is used to provide dynamic audio feedback to a user. For example in a time of day speaking clock , concatenation ... . Programming for any kind of computerized public address system can also employ concatenation ... concatenated strings. When concatenation is desired in a report, it should be provided at the time ... string rather, the concatenation of the 7 fields should happen upon running the report. The reason for such principles ... Concatenatie no Konkatenering pl Konkatenacja pt Concatena o ru simple Concatenation sv Konkatenering tr Concatenation uk zh ... more details
Packet concatenation is a computer networking optimization that coalesces multiple packet information technology packets under a single header. DEFAULTSORT Packet Concatenation Category Computer networking Category Packets information technology Compu network stub ... more details
wiktionary concatenationConcatenation may refer to Concatenation , a computer programming operation that joins strings together Concatenation mathematics , a mathematical operation that combines two vectors Concatenated SMS , a way of combining multiple SMS text messages sent to cellular phones Packet concatenation , a computer networking optimization that coalesces multiple packets under a single header. Cat Unix , a Unix command to write the contents of one or more files to the standard output Concatenation is the opening track of Swedish Tech Metal band Meshuggah s album Chaosphere . See also Catenation disambig ... more details
In mathematics , concatenation is the joining of two numbers by their numerals. That is, the concatenation of 123 and 456 is 123456. Concatenation of numbers a and b is denoted a b . Relevant subjects in recreational mathematics include Smarandache Wellin number s, home prime s, and Champernowne s constant . The convention norm convention for sequence s at places such as the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences is to have sequences of concatenations include as the first term a number prior to the actual act of concatenation. Therefore, care must be taken to ensure that parties discussing a topic agree either with this convention or with plain language. For example, the first term in the sequence of concatenations of increasing even numbers may be taken to be either 24, as would seem obviously correct, or simply 2, according to convention. Calculation The concatenation of numbers depends on the numeric radix base , which is often understood from context. Given the numbers p and q in base b , the concatenation p q is given by math p q p b l q q math where math l q lfloor log b q rfloor 1 math is the number of digits of q in base b , and math lfloor x rfloor math is the floor and ceiling functions floor function . Vector extension Unreferenced date June 2010 The concatenation of coordinate vector vectors can be understood in two distinct ways either as a generalization of the above operation for numbers or as a concatenation of lists. Given two vectors in math mathbb R n math , concatenation can be defined as math left begin array c a 1 a 2 vdots a n end array right left begin array c b 1 b 2 vdots b n end array right left begin array c a 1 b 1 a 2 b 2 vdots a n b n end array ... can be viewed in a certain way as sequence mathematics lists , concatenation may take on another meaning. In this case the concatenation of two lists a sub 1 sub , a sub 2 sub , ..., a sub n sub and b .... See also Concatenation Concatenated code References cite web title MathWorld Concatenation ... more details
Cleanup date November 2007 Virtual concatenation VCAT is an inverse multiplexing technique creating a large capacity payload container distributed over multiple smaller capacity TDM signals. These signals may be transported or routed independently. Virtual concatenation has been defined for SONET SDH , Optical Transport Network OTN and Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy PDH path signals. Alternate SONET SDH concatenation techniques are contiguous concatenation and arbitrary concatenation . Variable bit data streaming Virtual concatenation is considered the primary enhancement to voice optimized SONET SDH, in order to support the transport of variable bit data streams. Other recent SONET SDH enhancements include LCAS Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme LCAS , and the Generic Framing Procedure GFP . In conjunction with LCAS and GFP, Virtual Concatenation gives the advantage of splitting the required bandwidth equally among a set number of sub paths called Virtual Tributary Virtual Tributaries VT . The Virtual Concatenation is specified in ITU T Recommendations G.707 2007 ref ITU T G.707 Y.1322 01 07 , Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy SDH , 2007 ref and G.783 2006 ref ITU T G.783 03 06 , Characteristics of synchronous digital hierarchy SDH equipment functional blocks, 2006 ref . A diagram showing the routing methodology that contrasts contiguous concatenation and virtual concatenation is shown in Fig. 1 below. Image with unknown copyright status removed Image VirtualConcatenation.JPG Virtual Concatenation is used to split Sonet SDH bandwidth up into right ... network. At each level, payloads are a concatenation of lower order payloads. So, for example ... network. Virtual Concatenation Group Several Virtual Tributaries, form part of a Virtual Concatenation ... the traffic. The Virtual Concatenation protocol performs its content delivery through a process ... and more quickly than contiguous concatenation. However, it creates differential delay whereby each ... more details
Range Concatenation Grammar RCG is a grammar formalism developed by Pierre Boullier ref name boullier1998 Boullier, Pierre. 1998. Proposal for a Natural Language Processing Syntactic Backbone. In Research Report No 3342 , INRIA. Rocquencourt, France. ref in 1998 as an attempt to characterize a number of phenomena of natural language, such as Chinese numbers and German word order scrambling, which are outside the bounds of the Mildly context sensitive language s. ref name boullier1999 Pierre Boullier. 1999. Chinese Numbers, MIX, Scrambling, and Range Concatenation Grammars. In Proceedings of EACL, pages 53 60, Bergen, Norway. ref From a theoretical point of view, any language that can be parsed in polynomial time belongs to the subset of RCG called Positive range concatenation grammars, and reciprocally. Though intended as a variant on Groenink s Literal movement grammar s, RCGs treat the grammatical process more as a proof than as a production. Whereas LMGs produce a terminal string from a start predicate, RCGs aim to reduce a start predicate which predicates of a terminal string to the empty string, which constitutes a proof of the terminal strings membership in the language. Description Formal definition A Positive Range Concatenation Grammar PRCG is a tuple math G N, T, V, S, P math , where math N math , math T math and math V math are disjoint finite sets of respectively predicate names , terminal symbols and variable names . Each predicate name has an associated arity given by the function math dim N rightarrow mathbb N setminus 0 math . math S in N math is the start predicate name and verify math dim S 1 math . math P math is a finite set of clauses of the form math psi 0 rightarrow psi 1 ldots psi m math , where the math psi i math are predicates of the form math ... . A Negative Range Concatenation Grammar NRCG is defined like a PRCG, but with the addition that some ... 1, ldots, alpha dim A i math . Such predicates are called negative predicates . A Range Concatenation ... more details
RCG may refer to The Radio Church of God, now the Worldwide Church of God Radio Crne Gore , a radio station in Montenegro Range concatenation grammars Range Concatenation Grammar , a type of formal grammar Revolutionary Communist Group disambiguation , several political parties Politics of Cambodia Royal Cambodian Government Reed Canary Grass , a type of biomass. dab ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2007 ITU T Recommendation G.7043 Virtual concatenation of plesiochronous digital hierarchy PDH signals enhances the frame structures of Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy PDH signals of 1544, 2048 and 44 736 kbit s, as defined in ITU T Recommendation G.704 , and the octet structured 34 368 kbit s, as defined in ITU T Recommendation G.832 to support virtual concatenation . Specifically, frame structures of the same type may be virtually concatenated together to form larger transport entities containers . This virtual concatenation supports the Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme LCAS specified in ITU T Recommendation G.7042 Y.1305. External links http www.itu.int rec T REC G.7043 en ITU T Recommendation G.7043 DEFAULTSORT G.7043 Category ITU T recommendations ... more details
Language equations are mathematical statements that resemble equation numerical equations , but the variables assume values of formal languages rather than numbers. Instead of arithmetic operations in numerical equations, the variables are joined by language operations. Among the most common operations on two languages A and B are the set union A B , the set intersection A B , and the Concatenation Concatenation of sets of strings concatenation A B . Finally, as an operation taking a single operand , the set A sup sup denotes the Kleene star of the language A . Therefore language equations can be used to represent formal grammar s, since the languages generated by the grammar must be the solution of a system of language equations. See also Boolean grammar Arden s Rule External links http www.math.utu.fi dlt2007 tale Workshop on Theory and Applications of Language Equations TALE 2007 http users.utu.fi aleokh boolean language equations.html Language equations Category Formal languages Category Equations settheory stub comp sci theory stub ... more details
VCAT is an acronym for Volontaire Civil l Aide Technique , a French foreign agency Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal , an agency of the Government of Victoria Virtual concatenation is a network standard that allows the use of non consecutive timeslots in SONET SDH. Virtual Catalog an on line digital catalog with page turning capabilities provided by Technologo.com disambig ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Workhaven is a North America n term which is a concatenation of the words work, as in employment , and wiktionary haven haven , as in harbor or retreat. It is often used to indicate either the home working environment home office or the ideal job. The term workhaven has traditionally been synonymous with home workers not to be confused with homework . More recently, workhaven has become associated with the popular job seekers website of the same name WorkHaven . External links http www.workhaven.com WorkHaven Category Employment job stub ... more details
context date May 2011 expert subject Genetics date May 2011 Daisy chaining DNA is the concatenation of Genomic library genomic libraries that are pooled and PCR amplification PCR amplified before DNA sequencing sequencing . This reduces specificity and can be avoided by the use of blocking adapters for next generation sequencing projects. External links http www.nature.com nmeth journal v7 n2 full nmeth.1419.html B41 DEFAULTSORT Daisy Chaining Dna Category DNA Category Genetics genetics stub ... more details
Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme or LCAS is a method to dynamically increase or decrease the Bandwidth computing bandwidth of Virtual concatenation virtual concatenated containers. The LCAS Communications protocol protocol is specified in ITU T G.7042. It allows on demand increase or decrease of the bandwidth of the virtual concatenated group in a hitless manner. This brings bandwidth on demand capability for data clients like Ethernet when mapped into TDM containers. LCAS is also able to temporarily remove failed members from the virtual concatenation group. A failed member will automatically cause a decrease of the bandwidth and after repair the bandwidth will increase again in a hitless fashion. Together with diverse routing this provides survivability of data traffic without requiring excess protection bandwidth allocation. External links http www.vitesse.com technologies files 4 LCAS Benefits.pdf Benefits and Implementation of Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme LCAS in Ethernet over SONET SDH Networking Tech stub Category ITU T recommendations Category Synchronous optical networking Category Multiplexing es Link Capacity Adjusment Scheme it Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme ... more details
term to refer to this, while concatenation is referred to by unambiguous terms such as Spanned ... with Port Multiplier support, or else it will only recognize the first physical disk. Concatenation SPAN, BIG Main Spanned volume Image JBOD.svg thumb 200px Diagram of a SPAN BIG JBOD setup. Concatenation ... redundancy. As the name implies, disks are merely Concatenation concatenated together, end to beginning ... the words span or big , not as acronyms . Concatenation may be thought of as the inverse of disk ... drives, concatenation uses two or more physical drives to create one logical drive. In that it consists of an array of independent disks, it can be thought of as a distant relative of RAID. Concatenation ... the disks otherwise operate as described above. Concatenation is one of the uses of the Logical ... features of concatenation by providing data redundancy through software a shared folder can be marked ... more details
multiple issues orphan May 2010 refimprove March 2010 context March 2010 In theoretical computer science , Arden s rule , also known as Arden s lemma , is a mathematical statement about a certain form of language equation s. Background A formal language formal language is nothing else then a set of strings. Such sets can be specified by means of some language equation , which in turn is based on operations on languages. Language equations are mathematical statements that resemble numerical equations, but the variables assume values of formal languages rather than numbers. Among the most common operations on two languages A and B are the set union A B , and their Concatenation Concatenation of sets of strings concatenation A B . Finally, as an operation taking a single operand , the set A sup sup denotes the Kleene star of the language A . Statement of Arden s rule Arden s rule states that the set A sup sup B is the smallest language that is a solution for X in the linear equation X A X B where X , A , B are sets of strings. Moreover, if the set A does not contain the empty word, then this solution is unique. ref name Arden s Rule cite web url http www.encyclopedia.com doc 1O11 Ardensrule.html title Arden s Rule last Daintith first John year 2004 accessdate 10 March 2010 ref ref name Sutner cite web url http www.cs.cmu.edu cdm pdf KleeneAlg.pdf title Algebra of Regular Languages last Sutner first Klaus accessdate 15 Feb 2011 ref See also Regular expression Nondeterministic finite automaton Notes reflist References Arden, D. N. 1960 . Delayed logic and finite state machines, Theory of Computing Machine Design , pp. 1 35, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. John E. Hopcroft and Jeffrey D. Ullman, Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation , Addison Wesley Publishing, Reading Massachusetts, 1979. ISBN 0 201 029880 X. Chapter 2 Finite Automata and Regular Expressions. Category Formal languages de Lemma von Arden fr Lemme d Arden Langu ... more details
In mathematics , a locally catenative sequence is a sequence of word mathematics words in which each word can be constructed as the concatenation of previous words in the sequence. ref cite book last Rozenberg first Grzegorz coauthors Salomaa, Arto title Handbook of Formal Languages publisher Springer date 1997 pages 262 isbn 3540604200 ref Formally, an infinite sequence of words w n is locally catenative if, for some positive integers k and i sub 1 sub ,... i sub k sub math w n w n i 1 w n i 2 ...w n i k text for n ge max i 1, ... i k , . math Some authors use a slightly different definition in which encodings of previous words are allowed in the concatenation. ref cite book last Allouche first Jean Paul coauthors Shallit, Jeffrey title Automatic Sequences publisher Cambridge date 2003 pages 237 isbn 0 521 82332 3 ref Examples The sequence of Fibonacci word s S n is locally catenative because math S n S n 1 S n 2 text for n ge 2 , . math The sequence of Thue Morse sequence Thue Morse words T n is not locally catenative by the first definition. However, it is locally catenative by the second definition because math T n T n 1 mu T n 1 text for n ge 1 , , math where the encoding &mu replaces 0 with 1 and 1 with 0. References references Category Formal languages Category Combinatorics on words ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 In telecommunication s, a pulse link repeater PLR is a device that interfaces concatenated E and M signaling paths. A PLR converts a Ground electricity ground , received from the E lead of one signal path, to &minus 48 Vdc, which is applied to the M lead of the concatenated signal path. In many commercial carrier wave carrier systems, the channel bank cards or modules have a PLR option that permits the direct concatenation of E&M Signalling telecommunication signaling paths, without the need for separate PLR equipment. References FS1037C Category Telecommunications equipment ... more details
Cascading is based on the concatenation of several classifiers, using all information collected from the output from a given classifier as additional information for the next classifier in the cascade. Unlike voting or stacking ensembles, which are multiexpert systems, cascading is a multistage one. See also Boosting Bootstrap aggregating References Notations J. Gama and P. Brazdil. Cascade Generalization. Machine Learning, 41 3 315 343, 2000. http citeseerx.ist.psu.edu viewdoc summary?doi 10.1.1.46.635 J. Minguill n. On Cascading Small Decision Trees. PhD dissertation. Universitat Aut noma de Barcelona, 2002. http www.tesisenxarxa.net TESIS UAB AVAILABLE TDX 1209102 150635 jma1de1.pdf H. Zhao and S. Ram. Constrained Cascade Generalization of Decision Trees. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 16 6 727 739, 2004. Category Classification algorithms Category Ensemble learning ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced September 2010 cleanup September 2010 orphan August 2010 notability August 2010 Gathukimundu is a place in Mukurwe ini District formally in Central Province but now in Nyeri County . The name is a concatenation of two Kikuyu people kikuyu words gathuki means the part of a tree that remains when it is cut mundu means human being .The two words together now mean a tree remain which resembled a human being.This came from the colonial days whereby the tree remain used to scare the colonialists and in fact in most occasions attacking it thinking it were maumau fighters.This has since then been the name of the village, catholic church and a primary school around that place. coord missing Kenya Category Populated places in Central Province Kenya CentralKE geo stub ... more details
VTG or Vtg may refer to VTG AG , european rolling stock leasing company Vitellogenin VTG a type of protein Variable Turbine Geometry VTG , see Variable geometry turbocharger Virtual tributary groups VTG , terminology in computer networking, see Virtual concatenation and Virtual container no idea what the correct link is Thoracic gas volume VTG , a term used in Body plethysmography Xenoestrogens stimulate vitellogenin Vtg , see Xenoestrogen Vita Group Limited s code on the Australian Securities Exchange ASX VTG post 2008 name of australian mobile communications retailer Fone Zone See also VTG 32, a type of video timer produced by FOR A disambig de VTG ... more details
strings that can be represented as the concatenation of i strings in math V math . The definition ..., math where concatenation is written as an associative and noncommutative product, sharing these properties with the Cartesian product of sets. Note that for every set L , math L math equals the concatenation ... consideration contains the empty word. Generalization Strings form a monoid with concatenation as the binary ... more details
Distinguish Periscope A pericope IPAc en icon p r k p i Greek language Greek lang grc , a cutting out in rhetoric is a set of verses that forms one coherent unit or thought, suitable for public reading from a text, now usually of sacred scripture . Manuscript s, often Illuminated manuscript illuminated , called Pericopes, are normally abbreviated Gospel Book s only containing the sections of the Gospel s required for the Mass es of the liturgical year . Notable examples, both Ottonian art Ottonian , are the Pericopes of Henry II and the Salzburg Pericopes . Lectionary Lectionaries are normally made up of pericopes containing the Epistle and Gospel readings for the liturgical year . A pericope consisting of passages from different parts of a single book, or from different books of the Bible, and linked together into a single reading is called a wikt concatenation concatenation or composite reading . See also Pericope Adulter References Meinolf Schumacher Perikope in Reallexikon der deutschen Literaturwissenschaft . Vol. 3, edited by Jan Dirk M ller, 43 45, Berlin and New York Walter de Gruyter, 2003. External links Wiktionary pericope http tera 3.ul.cs.cmu.edu cgi bin getImage.pl?target data www NASD 4a7f1db4 5792 415c be79 266f41eef20a 009 499 OTIFF 00000591.tif&rs 1 Pericope in the Concordia Cyclopedia Category Rhetoric Category Types of illuminated manuscript Category Christian genres Christianity stub da Perikope de Perikope Liturgie es Per copa fr P ricope id Perikop ia Pericope it Pericope nl Perikoop pl Perykopa pt Per cope ro Pericop ru sr fi Perikooppi sv Perikop ... more details
In mathematics , the space of loops or free loop space of a topological space X is the space of loop topology loops from the unit circle S sup 1 sup to X together with the compact open topology . math Omega X mathcal C S 1, X . math That is, a particular function space . In homotopy theory loop space commonly refers to the same construction applied to pointed space s, i.e. continuous maps respecting base point s. In this setting there is a natural concatenation operation by which two elements of the loop space can be combined. With this operation, the loop space can be regarded as a magma algebra magma , or even as an A infinity operad A sub sub space . Concatenation of loops is not strictly associative, but it is associative up to higher homotopy homotopies . If we consider the quotient set quotient of the based loop space X with respect to the equivalence relation of pointed homotopy, then we obtain a group mathematics group , the well known fundamental group &pi sub 1 sub X . The iterated loop spaces of X are formed by applying a number of times. The free loop space construction is right adjoint to the cartesian product with the circle, and the version for pointed spaces to the reduced suspension . This accounts for much of the importance of loop spaces in stable homotopy theory . See also fundamental group path topology loop group free loop References Citation last1 Adams first1 John Frank authorlink Frank Adams title Infinite loop spaces url http books.google.com books?id e2rYkg9lGnsC publisher Princeton University Press series Annals of Mathematics Studies isbn 978 0 691 08207 3 978 0 691 08206 6 mr 505692 year 1978 volume 90 Citation last1 May first1 J. Peter author1 link J. Peter May title The Geometry of Iterated Loop Spaces url http www.math.uchicago.edu may BOOKSMaster.html publisher Springer Verlag location Berlin, New York isbn 978 3 540 05904 2 doi 10.1007 BFb0067491 mr 0420610 year 1972 Category Topology Category Homotopy theory Category Topologic ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Rare Trax Type compilation Artist Meshuggah Cover RareTrax.jpg Released 2001 Recorded 1989 2001 Genre Technical metal Length 55 00 Label Nuclear Blast Producer Last album Chaosphere br 1998 This album Rare Trax br 2001 Next album Nothing Meshuggah album Nothing br 2002 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1Score Rating 2 5 ref Allmusic class album id r545913 review pure url yes ref noprose yes Rare Trax is a compilation album of rare songs by the Sweden Swedish Progressive metal technical metal band Meshuggah . It compiles the three songs from the bands first 1989 release, Psykisk Testbild , on CD format, as well as other rare songs that the band had recorded but never released. The CD ROM also contains the music video for the song New Millennium Cyanide Christ from Chaosphere , which features the band on a tour bus air guitar air playing all the instruments with Jens Kidman yelling into a pen and headbanging in unison. War was the first Meshuggah song to feature drum machine programmed drums . The remix for the song Concatenation is a slower version of the song with a different drum beat. The person on the cover and inlay photographs is tour manager Per Wikstr m. Track listing tracklist title1 War length1 2 48 title2 Cadaverous Mastication length2 7 51 title3 Sovereigns Morbidity length3 4 31 title4 Debt of Nature length4 7 19 title5 By Emptiness Abducted length5 4 51 title6 Don t Speak length6 3 28 title7 Abnegating Cecity note7 Demo Version 90 length7 6 24 title8 Internal Evidence note8 Demo Version 90 length8 7 01 title9 Concatenation note9 Remix length9 6 17 title10 Ayahuasca Experience length10 4 32 References reflist Meshuggah 2000s metal album stub Category Meshuggah albums Category 2001 compilation albums it Rare Trax pl Rare Trax fi Rare Trax ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 In computer science , the term difference list may refer to one of two data structure s for representing list computing list s. One of these data structures contains two lists, and represents the difference of those two lists. The second data structure is a functional programming functional representation of a list with an efficient concatenation operation. In the second approach, difference lists are implemented as single argument function programming function s, which take a list as argument programming argument and prepend to that list. As a consequence, concatenation of difference lists of the second type is implemented essentially as function composition , which is constant time O 1 . However, of course the list still has to be constructed eventually assuming all of its elements are needed , which is plainly at least O n . Difference lists as functions A difference list of the second sort represents lists as a function f , which when given a list x , returns the list that f represents, prepended to x . It is typically used in functional programming languages such as Haskell programming language Haskell , although it could be used in imperative languages as well. Whether this kind of difference list is more efficient than another list representations depends on usage patterns. If an algorithm builds a list by concatenating smaller lists, which are themselves built by concatenating still smaller lists, then use of difference lists can improve performance by effectively flattening the list building computations. Examples of use are in the ShowS type in the Prelude of Haskell, and in Donald Bruce Stewart s http hackage.haskell.org cgi bin hackage scripts package dlist difference list library for Haskell . External links http homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk pbrna prologbook node180.html Open Lists and Difference Lists in Prolog datastructure stub Category Linked lists de Difference List ... more details
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