Stone Age prehistoric stone tools from natural stones. Conchoidalfracture in art Image Conch fract glass.jpg right thumb 250px Conchoidalfracture in glass Conchoidalfracture as originally developed ... small references div DEFAULTSORT ConchoidalFracture Category Stone Age Category Lithics Category ...Refimprove date December 2009 Image ObsidianOregon.jpg right thumb 250px Obsidian gives conchoidal fractures Conchoidalfracture describes the way that brittle materials break when they do not follow any natural cleavage crystal planes of separation . Materials that break in this way include flint and other fine crystallite grain ed mineral s, as well as most amorphous solid s, such as obsidian and other types of glass . Conchoidal fractures can also occur in other materials under favorable circumstances. This material property was widely used in the Stone Age to make sharp tools, and minerals that fractured in this fashion were widely traded as a desirable raw material. Conchoidal fractures often result in a curved breakage surface that resembles the rippling, gradual curves of a mussel shell the word conchoid is derived from the word for this animal Greek konche ref cite web url http www.merriam webster.com netdict conchoidal title conchoidal accessdate 2010 10 30 work Merriam Webster Online ref . A swelling appears at the point of impact called the bulb of percussion . Shock waves emanating outwards from this point leave their mark on the stone as ripples. Other conchoidal features include small fissure s emanating from the bulb of percussion. They are defined in contrast to the facet ed fractures often seen in single crystal s such as semiconductor wafer electronics wafer s and gemstone s, and the high energy ductile fracture surfaces desirable in most structural applications. See the main article on Fracture . Lithics In Lithic flake lithic stone tool s, conchoidal fractures ... record of the stress state at the time of failure . As conchoidal fractures can be produced only by mechanical ... more details
solid s, by contrast, the lack of a crystalline structure results in a conchoidalfracture , with cracks ...Other uses Mechanical failure modes Refimprove date September 2010 A fracture is the local separation ... fracture is often applied to bone s of living creatures that is, a bone fracture , or to crystal ... crystals fracture without the body actually separating into two or more pieces. Depending on the substance which is fractured, a fracture reduces strength of materials strength most substances ... of how fracture occurs in materials may be assisted by the study of fracture mechanics . A fracture ... and rectangles . Fracture strength Image Stress v strain Aluminum 2.png thumb Stress vs. strain ... limit stress br 4. Fracture br 5. Offset strain typically 0.2 Fracture strength , also known as breaking strength , is the stress at which a specimen fails via fracture. ref name degarmo Citation ... strain curve see image . The final recorded point is the fracture strength. Ductile materials have a fracture strength lower than the ultimate tensile strength UTS , whereas in brittle materials the fracture ... strain curve, given by point 3 on curve B. Types Brittle fracture This section is linked from Ceramic Image Glass fracture.jpg right thumb 250px Brittle fracture in glass . Image Pedalarm Bruch.jpg right thumb 250px Fracture of an Aluminum Crank Arm. Bright Brittle fracture. Dark Fatigue fracture. In brittle fracture , no apparent plasticity physics plastic deformation takes place before fracture. In brittle crystalline materials, fracture can occur by cleavage crystal cleavage as the result ... at the crack tip. Putting these two equations together, we get math sigma mathrm fracture ... and large defects large math a math both lower the fracture strength of the material. Recently, scientists have discovered supersonic fracture , the phenomenon of crack motion faster than the speed ... by experiment of fracture in rubber like materials. Ductile fracture Image DuctileFailure.jpg left ... more details
dablink This article is about the terminology used to describe fracture surfaces. For fractures in rocks and minerals per se , see Fracture geology In the field of mineralogy , fracture is a term used to describe the shape and texture of the surface formed when a mineral is fracture fractured . Minerals often have a highly distinctive fracture, making it a principal feature used in their identification. Fracture differs from Cleavage crystal cleavage in that the latter involves clean splitting along the cleavage planes of the mineral s crystal structure , as opposed to more general breakage. All minerals exhibit fracture, but when very strong cleavage is present, it can be difficult to see. Terminology Conchoidalfracture Image ObsidianOregon.jpg thumb left 180px Obsidian Conchoidalfracture is a curved breakage that resembles the concentric ripples of a mussel shell. It often occurs in amorphous or fine grained minerals such as flint , opal or obsidian , but may also occur in crystalline minerals such as quartz . Subconchoidal fracture is similar to conchoidalfracture, but not as curved. br clear all Earthy fracture Image Limonite bog iron cm02.jpg thumb left 180px Limonite Earthy fracture is reminiscent of freshly broken soil . It is frequently seen in relatively soft, loosely bound minerals, such as limonite , kaolinite and aluminite . br clear all Hackly fracture Image Cuivre natif1 USA .jpg thumb left 180px Native copper Hackly fracture also known as jagged fracture is jagged, sharp and uneven. It occurs when metals are torn, and so is often encountered in native metal s such as Native copper copper and silver . br clear all Splintery fracture Image Chrysotile 1.jpg thumb left 180px Chrysotile Splintery fracture comprises sharp elongated points. It is particularly ... . br clear all Uneven fracture Image MagnetitaEZ.jpg thumb left 180px Magnetite Uneven fracture ... http www.galleries.com minerals property fracture.htm Mineral identification DEFAULTSORT Fracture ... more details
wiktionary fracture A fracture is the local separation of a body into two, or more, pieces under the action of stress. Fracture may specifically refer to Bone fracture , a medical condition in which a bone is cracked or broken Fracture geology , a fracture within a geological formation Fracture mineralogy , a term in mineralogy describing the shape and texture of broken surfaces Fracture may also refer to Fracture Transformers , a fictional character. Fracture 2004 film Fracture 2004 film , a New Zealand film directed by Larry Parr Fracture 2007 film Fracture 2007 film , starring Anthony Hopkins and Ryan Gosling Fracture video game Fracture video game Fractures Family Stories , a book by Budge Wilson Fracture Fringe Fracture Fringe , a season 2 episode of the television series Fringe Fractures album Fractures album , an album by the American hardcore band Killing the Dream disambig ca Fractura de Fracture fr Fracture homonymie it Fracture lv L zums nl Fracture simple Fracture ... more details
See also Smith s fracture A Smith Fracture is a named vertebral fracture occurring most commonly in the lumbar spine, is similar to that of a Chance fracture and is associated with seat belt injuries. This fracture represents a fracture through the posterior elements including the superior articular processes but not the spinous process, as well as an avulsion fracture of the vertebral body. ref Richard H. Daffner ref ref Chance Type Fractures of the Thoracolumbar Spine Imaging Analysis Discussion ref This fracture is not to be confused with the more commonly referred to Smith s fracture of the wrist. Deleted image removed File SmithVertebralFracture.jpg thumb Smith Fracture Notes Reflist References Smith NS, Kaufer H http www.jbjs.org article.aspx?Volume 51&page 239 Patterns and mechanisms of lumbar injuries associated with lapseat belts. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1969 51A 239. Mark P. Bernstein, Stuart E. Mirvis, and K. Shanmuganathan. http www.medscape.com viewarticle 545253 4 Chance Type Fractures of the Thoracolumbar Spine Imaging Analysis Discussion Category Bone fractures ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 S 52 5 s 50 ICD9 ICD9 813.4 ICD9 813.5 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID A Barton s fracture is an intra articular bone fracture fracture of the distal radius with dislocation of the radiocarpal joint . There exist two types of Barton s fracture dorsal ref http www.wheelessonline.com ortho dorsal bartons fracture dorsal shearing frx Dorsal Barton s Fracture Dorsal Shearing Frx Wheeless Textbook of Orthopaedics Bot generated title ref and palmar, the latter being more common. The Barton s fracture is caused by a fall on an extended and pronated wrist increasing carpal compression force on the dorsal rim. Carpal displacement distinguishes this fracture from a Smith s fracture Smith s or a Colles fracture . Treatment of this fracture is usually done by open reduction and internal fixation with a plate and screws, but occasionally the fracture can be treated conservatively. Eponym It is named after John Rhea Barton 1794 1871 , an American surgeon who first described this in 1838. ref WhoNamedIt synd 2821 ref ref J. R. Barton. Views and treatment of an important injury of the wrist. Medical Examiner, Philadelphia, 1838, 1 365 368. ref References references External links http www.edu.rcsed.ac.uk photoalbum ph161.htm Chorus 01217 http gentili.net fracture.asp?ID 152 Radiographs of Barton s Fracture medicine stub Fractures Category Bone fractures ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 A Transgranular fracture is a fracture that follows the edges of crystal structure lattice s in a granular material , ignoring the grain s in the individual lattices. This results in a fairly smooth looking fracture with less sharp edges than one that follows the changing grains. Transgranular fractures are similar to wooden jigsaw puzzle pieces with the grains showing, but with each piece having grains running in a different direction. An intergranular fracture follows the edges of the puzzle pieces, ignoring the grains in the wood. This is opposed to an intergranular fracture . DEFAULTSORT Transgranular Fracture Category Granular materials Category Fracture mechanics ... more details
refimprove date July 2011 File AcetabularfracX.png thumb right Acetabular fracture as seen on plain X ray Fracture s of the acetabulum occur when the head of the femur is driven into the human pelvis pelvis . This is caused either by a blow on the side or by a blow in the front of the knee , usually in a dashboard injury when the femur also may be fractured. ref Solomon, APLEY S TRAUMA AND ORTHOPAEDICS, EIGHT EDITION, ref Patterns of fracture Tile s classification of acetabular fracture I Simple fracture, anterior wall anterior or posterior wall column II Transverse fracture III T Type fracture involving two columns IV Both columns fractures, floating acetabulum References Reflist Category Bone fractures medicine stub ... more details
about fifth metatarsal diaphysis fracture fifth metatarsal tuberosity fracture Pseudo Jones fracture Infobox disease Name Jones fracture ICD10 ICD10 S 92 3 s 90 ICD9 ICD9 825.25 , ICD9 825.35 ICDO Image ... DiseasesDB Image Jonesfracture.jpg thumb Jones fracture X ray. File JonesFracture1.png thumb Jones fracture X ray, where the bone has been broken in three places and has become dislodged. A Jones fracture is a Fracture bone fracture of the diaphysis of the fifth metatarsal of the foot . The fifth metatarsal ... fracture occurs, is in the midportion of the foot. Patients who sustain a Jones fracture have pain over this area, Swelling medical swelling , and difficulty walking. The fracture was first described ... journal last Jones first Robert date year 1902 month Jun day title I. Fracture of the Base of the Fifth ... 2009 10 24 ref Diagnosis A patient with a Jones fracture may not realize that it is a fracture, and could ... flexion. Treatment If a Jones fracture is not significantly displaced, it can be treated with a Cast ... heal. In the case of acute fracture in an athlete, a dynamic compression plate can be placed on the tension side of the fracture, K Wire with Monofiament wire in a figure 8 fashion due to the nature of a transverse fracture. Internal fixation with cortical or cancellous screw would require an oblique fracture that could be addressed through The rule of 2 s in regards to Internal fixation with screws ... at 90 degrees to the metatarsal axis for the fracture due to avulsion pull by the peroneus brevis .... Prognosis If a Jones fracture fails to unite malunion or non union , which is a common problem ... fracture often does not heal. The diaphyseal bone, where the fracture occurs, is an area of poor ... tertius, and two small muscles attached to the bone. These may pull the fracture apart and prevent ..., although they are not as severe as a Jones fracture. If the fracture enters the intermetatarsal joint, it is a Jones fracture. If, however, it enters the tarsometarsal joint, then it is an avulsion fracture ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Patella fracture Image Fracpetella.PNG Caption A fracture of the petella seen on a lateral view DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 S 82 0 s 80 ICD9 ICD9 822 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj emerg eMedicineTopic 200 A patella fracture is a bone fracturefracture of the patella kneecap , which is one of the most common knee injuries. It is usually the result of a hard blow to the front of the knee . Treatment options for patella fracture include nonsurgical and surgical options, depending on the type of fracture. An undisplaced fracture of patella takes around 4 6 weeks of immobilization in a cast to heal, while a displaced fracture requires surgical treatment followed by quadriceps strengthening exercises for complete rehabilitation. Image Patella fracture.JPG thumb A vertical patella fracture with the fracture line marked by a black arrow. Surgical treatments Patellectomy is when the entire patella is removed ref cite web title Patellectomy publisher KNEEguru url http www.kneeguru.co.uk KNEEnotes patellectomy ref whereas a partial patellectomy is when only a portion of the patella is removed, while any ligaments or tendons that had been connected to the removed portion are connected to the remaining portion ref Based on my surgeon s report. ref . The fracture may require tension band wiring to unit the fractured bones. References reflist disease stub Fractures Category Bone fractures Category Injuries of knee and lower leg . de Patellafraktur ... more details
Infobox disease Name Smith s fracture ICD10 ICD10 S 52 5 s 50 ICD9 ICD9 813.41 A Smith s fracture , also sometimes known as a reverse Colles fracture is a fracture of the distal radius bone radius . ref Thomas, Clayton L., M.D., M.P.H. 1993 . Taber s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, Edition 18. F.A. Davis. ISBN 0 8036 0194 8. ref It is caused by a direct blow to the dorsal forearm ref cite book title First Aid Emergency Medicine author Stead, LG Stead, SM Kaufman, MS publisher McGraw Hill edition 2nd isbn 0 07 144873 X year 2006 ref or falling onto flexed wrists, as opposed to a Colles fracture which occurs as a result of falling onto wrists in extension. Smith s fractures are less common than Colles fractures. The distal fracture fragment is displaced volarly ventrally , as opposed to a Colles fracture which the fragment is displaced dorsally. Depending on the severity of the impact, there may be one or many fragments and it may or may not involve the articular surface of the wrist joint . Eponym This fracture is named after the orthopedic surgeon , Robert William Smith surgeon Robert William Smith 1807 1873 in his book A Treatise on Fractures in the Vicinity of Joints, and on certain forms of Accidents and Congenital Dislocations published in 1847. ref WhoNamedIt synd 2150 ref Treatment Treatment of this fracture depends on the severity of the fracture. An undisplaced fracture may be treated with a cast alone. A fracture with mild angulation and displacement may require closed reduction. Significant angulation and deformity may require an open reduction and internal fixation. An open fracture will always require surgical intervention. See also Smith fracture References reflist External links http gentili.net fracture.asp?ID 114 Radiograph of Smith s Fracture Fractures DEFAULTSORT Smith s Fracture Category Bone fractures Surgery stub it Frattura di Goyrand Smith pt Fratura de Smith ... more details
File Maisonneuve fracture Malleolus.jpg thumb Malleolus File Maisonneuve fracture Fibula.JPG thumb Fibula The Maisonneuve fracture is a spiral fracture of the proximal third of the fibula associated with a tear of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and the interosseous membrane of the leg interosseous membrane . There is an associated fracture of the medial malleolus or rupture of the deep medial ligament of talocrural joint deltoid ligament . This type of injury can be difficult to detect. The Maisonneuve fracture is similar to the Galeazzi fracturefracture in the sense that there is an important ligamentous disruption in association with the fracture. The fracture is named after the surgeon Jules Germain Fran ois Maisonneuve . References Wilson, F. C. 2000 . Fractures of the ankle pathogenesis and treatment. http www.medscape.com viewpublication 137 toc?vol 9&iss 2 South Orthop Assoc. Summer. 9 2 105 15 . Thordarson, D. B. 1999 . Detecting and Treating Common Foot and Ankle Fractures Part 1 The Ankle and Hindfoot. http www.physsportsmed.com issues 1996 09 96 thordar.htm The Physician and Sportsmedicine. 24 9. Sept 9. . External links http rad.usuhs.edu medpix topic display.html?mode single&recnum 6626 images Images MedPix on Maisonneuve fracture fractures Category Bone fractures disease stub musculoskeletal stub de Maisonneuve Fraktur es Fractura de Maisonneuve ... more details
Infobox disease Name Bone fracture Image Broken fixed arm.jpg Caption Internal and external views of an arm with a compound fracture, both before and after surgery. DiseasesDB 4939 ICD10 http apps.who.int classifications icd10 browse 2010 en XIX S x 2 where x 0 9 depending on the location of the fracture ICD9 ICD9 829 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D050723 A bone fracture ... in the continuity of the bone . A bone fracture can be the result of high force Impact force impact or Stress fracture stress , or trivial injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis , bone cancer , or osteogenesis imperfecta , where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture . Although broken bone and bone break are common colloquialisms for a bone fracture, break is not a formal Orthopedic surgery orthopedic term. Classification By cause Traumatic fracture This is a fracture due to sustained trauma. eg Fractures caused by a fall, road traffic accident, fight etc. Pathological fracture A fracture through a bone which has been made weak by some underlying disease is called pathological fracture. eg a fracture through a bone weakened by metastasis. Osteoporosis is the commonest cause of pathological fracture. Orthopedic In Orthopedic ... after the doctor who first described the fracture conditions. However, there are more systematic ... with the fracture, or where fracture hematoma is exposed, and may thus expose bone to contamination . Open injuries carry a higher risk of infection . Other considerations in fracture care are displacement fracture gap and angulation. If angulation or Displacement orthopedic surgery displacement ... surgery displacement or angulation. Compression fracture s usually occurs in the vertebrae, for example ... condition which causes bones to become brittle and susceptible to fracture, with or without trauma . Other types of fracture are Complete fracture A fracture in which bone fragments separate completely ... more details
Image Fracturezone.svg thumb 350px An illustration of the difference between the active transform faults between offset ridge axes, and inactive fracture zones. Image Blanco Fracture Zone.jpg thumb 350px U.S.G.S. Blanco Fracture Zone regions image A fracture zone is a linear oceanic feature often hundreds, even thousands of kilometers long resulting from the action of offset mid ocean ridge axis segments. They are a consequence of plate tectonics . Lithospheric plates on either side of an active transform fault move in opposite directions here, strike slip activity occurs. Fracture zones extend past the transform faults, away from the ridge axis seismically inactive because both plate segments are moving in the same direction , they display evidence of past transform fault activity, primarily in the different ages of the crust on opposite sides of the zone. In actual usage, many transform faults aligned with fracture zones are often loosely referred to as fracture zones although technically, they are not. See also List of fracture zones References http pubs.usgs.gov gip dynamic understanding.html U.S. Geological Survey Understanding plate motions http www.ngdc.noaa.gov mgg image images predict images predict.txt NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center & World Data Center A for Marine Geology & Geophysics See The Fracture Zones reflist physical oceanography expanded other Category Fracture zones Category Plate tectonics tectonics stub ... more details
File Humerus spiral fracture.png thumb alt An x ray image of a spiral fracture to the left humerus An x ray image of a spiral fracture to the left humerus of a 27 year old male. The injury was sustained during a fall. A spiral fracture a.k.a. torsion fracture is a bone fracture occurring when torque is applied along the axis of a bone . ref name harvard cite web title Spiral Fracture url http www.fas.harvard.edu scdiroff lds NewtonianMechanics SpiralFracture SpiralFracture.html publisher Harvard University accessdate 25 November 2010 ref While torsional forces are being applied along the parallel axis of a bone, planes perpendicular to this axis are not affected. Tension physics Tension is exerted upon one part of the bone, while Compression physical compressive forces are exerted upon the other. When these forces have exceeded the limit tolerable by the bone, fracture occurs. ref name harvard References reflist Fractures Med stub Category Bone fractures Category Traumatology de Torsionsbruch ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 An intergranular fracture is a fracture that follows the grain s of the material. If the material has multiple crystal structure lattice organizations, when one lattice ends and another begins, the fracture changes direction to follow the new grain. This results in a fairly jagged looking fracture with bumpy edges. Intergranular fractures are cracks that take place along the grain boundary of a material. Straight edges of the grain and shiny surface may be seen. There are several processes that can lead to intergranular fracture. Microvoid nucleation and coalescence at inclusions or second phase particles located along grain boundaries Grain boundary crack and cavity formation associated with elevated temperature stress rupture condition. Decohesion between contiguous grain due to presence of impurity at grain boundaries and in the presence of hydrogen and liquid metals. Stress corrosion cracking associated with chemical dissolution along grain boundaries. Cyclic loading when the material insufficient number of independent slip systems to accommodate plastic deformation between contiguous grain leading to grain boundaries. Think of several wooden jigsaw puzzle pieces with the grains showing, but with each piece having grains running in a different direction. A Transgranular fracture follows the grains in the wood, not the edges of the puzzle pieces This is opposed to a Transgranular fracture . See also Intergranular corrosion DEFAULTSORT Intergranular Fracture Category Granular materials Category Fracture mechanics ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2009 Supersonic fractures are fracture s where the fracture velocity moves faster than the speed of sound in the material. This phenomenon was first discovered by scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Metals Research in Stuttgart Markus J. Buehler and Huajian Gao and IBM Almaden Research Center in San Jose, California Farid F. Abraham . The issues of transonic speed intersonic and supersonic fracture become the frontier of dynamic fracture mechanics . The work of Burridge initiated the exploration for intersonic crack growth when the crack tip velocity V is between the shear in wave speed C 8 and the longitudinal wave speed C 1. See also Characteristic energy length scale Category Fracture mechanics Physics stub ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Spinal fracture Image L1 2 vertebral fracture.jpg Caption Lateral spine X ray showing osteoporotic wedge fractures of L1 2. ICD10 S 32 0 s 30 ICD10 S 32 1 s 30 ICD9 ICD9 805 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj article eMedicineTopic 248236 MeshID D016103 A spinal fracture or vertebral fracture is a fracture affecting the bones of the spinal column . They can affect the cervical vertebrae a cervical fracture , or other parts of the column. Fractures medicine stub Category Spinal cord disorders ru ... more details
File Bimalleolar fracture legend.jpg thumb Bimalleolar fracture and right ankle dislocation on X ray anteroposterior . Both the end of the fibula 1 and the tibia 2 are broken and the malleolar fragments arrow medial malleolus, arrowhead lateral malleolus are displaced. An ankle fracture is a break of the ankle bone s. It is typically diagnosed by X ray. Treatment is with either casting or surgery. Signs and symptoms Symptom s of an ankle fracture bone fracture can be similar to those of ankle sprain s pain , though typically they are often more severe by comparison. It is exceedingly rare for the ankle ... fracture the talus can become unstable and Subluxation subluxate or Joint dislocation dislocate ... to palpation palpate the calf bone fibula because there may be an associated fracture proximally Maisonneuve fracture , and to palpate the sole of the foot to look for a Jones fracture at the base of fifth metatarsal avulsion fracture . Evaluation of ankle injuries for fracture is done ... requires 10 to 20 degrees of internal rotation. ref name inaba X ray On X rays, there can be a fracture ... a bimalleolar fracture some of them are called Pott s fracture s . If the posterior malleolus is also fractured, this is called a trimalleolar fracture . gallery File TriplanefractureXa.png A triplane fracture of the ankle as seen on plain Xray File TriplanefractureCT2.png A triplane fracture of the ankle as seen on CT File TriplanefractureCT1.png thumb A triplane fracture of the ankle ... classifies an ankle fracture by the level of the fracture of the distal fibula type A below the syndesmotic ligament, type B at its level, type C above the ligament . A special form of type C fracture is the Maisonneuve fracture , which involves a fracture of the fibula far above the ankle joint itself ... File Bimall3.png thumb 300px Surgically fixated bimalleolar ankle fracture Treatment of ankle fractures is dictated by the stability of the ankle joint. Certain fracture patterns are deemed stable ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Communitive midshaft humeral fracture callus.jpg Caption Comminuted midshaft humerus fracture with Fibrocartilage callus callus formation. DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 S 42 2 s 40 ICD10 S 42 4 s 40 ICD9 ICD9 812 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj emerg eMedicineTopic 199 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 orthoped 271 eMedicine2 orthoped 199 MeshID A humerus fracture can be classified by the location of the humerus involved the upper end, the shaft, or the lower end. Certain lesions are commonly associated with fracture s to specific areas of the humerus. At the upper end, the surgical neck of the humerus ref cite web url http www.wheelessonline.com ortho surgical neck fractures of the humerus title Surgical Neck Fractures of the Humerus Wheeless Textbook of Orthopaedics accessdate 2007 08 16 format work ref and anatomical neck of humerus ref cite web url http www.wheelessonline.com ortho anatomic neck fracture of humerus title Anatomic Neck Fracture of Humerus Wheeless Textbook of Orthopaedics accessdate 2007 08 16 format work ref can both be involved, though fractures of the surgical neck are more common. The axillary nerve can be damaged in fractures of this type. Mid shaft fractures may damage the radial nerve , which traverses the lateral aspect of the humerus closely associated with the radial groove . The median nerve is vulnerable to damage in the supracondylar area, and the ulnar nerve is vulnerable near the medial epicondyle of the humerus medial epicondyle , around which it curves to enter the forearm. gallery File GreatertrochanerAP.png A fracture of the greater tuberosity as seen on AP X ray File GreatertrochanerY.png A fracture of the greater tuberosity of the humerus File FractureTrochanter.png Fracture of the greater tuberosity of the humerus File Proxhumerousfrac.png Proximal humerus fracture gallery See also Supracondylar fracture Holstein Lewis fracture References references External links http www.patient.co.uk showdoc 40024961 ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image PchancefracCT.png Caption A chance fracture of T10 and fracture of T9 due to a seatbelt during an MVC. DiseasesDB ICD10 S22.0 ICD9 805.2 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj orthoped eMedicineTopic 41 MeshID A Chance fracture is a flexion injury of the spine ref cite web url http www.wheelessonline.com ortho chance fracture of the spine title Chance Fracture of the Spine Wheeless Textbook of Orthopaedics accessdate 2007 08 16 format work ref , first described by GQ Chance in 1948. ref Chance GQ Note on a flexion fracture of the spine. Br J Radiol 1948 21 452 3. ref It consists of a compression injury to the anterior portion of the vertebral body and a transverse fracture through the posterior elements of the vertebra and the posterior portion of the vertebral body. It is caused by violent forward flexion, causing distraction injury to the posterior elements. The most common site at which Chance fractures occur is the thoracolumbar junction T12 L2 and midlumbar region in pediatric population ref http medicalopaedia.com 2010 11 27 chance fracture ref . This fracture initially became known as a seat belt injury due to its association with the sudden forward flexion that occurs when one is involved in a head on automobile collision while being restrained by a lap belt. With the advent of both lap and shoulder belts in the 1980s, Chance fractures have become less common especially now that lap belt only seat belts are have been almost entirely phased out. Up to 50 of Chance fractures have associated intraabdominal injuries. Injuries associated with Chance fractures include fractures of the pancreas contusions or lacerations of the duodenum and mesenteric contusions or lacerations. File PchancefracX.png thumb A chance fracture of T10 and fracture of T9 due to a seatbelt during an MVC. References references Fractures Category Bone fractures ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Pathologic fracture Image Pathologische Fraktur bei Metastase Nierencell Ca im Humerus.jpg Caption Pathological fracture of the humerus in a patient with metastasis of renal cell carcinoma DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 M 80 m 80 ICD9 ICD9 733.1 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID A pathologic fracture is a broken bone caused by disease leading to weakness of the bone. This process is most commonly due to osteoporosis , but may also be due to other pathologies such as cancer , infection , inherited bone disorders,or a bone cyst . Only a small number of conditions are commonly responsible for pathological fractures , including osteoporosis , osteomalacia , Paget s disease of bone paget s disease , osteitis, osteogenesis imperfecta , benign bone tumours and cysts , secondary malignant bone tumours and primary malignant bone tumours. ref http www.orthopaedia.com display Main Metastatic bone lesions pathological fractures orthopaedia.com ref Fragility fracture is a type of pathologic fracture that occurs as result of normal activities, such as a fall from standing height or less. There are three fracture sites said to be typical of fragility fractures vertebral fractures, fractures of the neck of the femur, and Colles fracture of the wrist. This definition arises because a normal human being ought to be able to fall from standing height without breaking any bones, and a fracture therefore suggests weakness of the skeleton. ref http orthopedics.about.com cs brokenbones g pathologic.htm orthopedics.about.com ref Pathological fractures present as a chalkstick fracture in long bones, and appear as a transverse fractures nearly 90 degrees to the long axis of the bone. In a pathological compression fracture of a spinal vertebra fractures will commonly appear to collapse the entire body of vertebra . In circumstances where other pathologies are excluded for example, cancer , a pathologic fracture is diagnostic of osteoporosis irrespective of bone ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In structural engineering and material science , fast fracture is a term given to a phenomenon in which a wiktionary flaw flaw such as a crack in a material expands quickly, and leads to catastrophic failure of the material. Stress physics Stress acting on a material when fast fracture occurs is less than the material s Yield engineering yield stress . A very representative example of this is what happens when poking a blown up balloon with a needle, that is, fast fracture of the balloon s material. See also Yield engineering Plastic collapse Indentation engineering DEFAULTSORT Fast Fracture Category Construction terminology Tech stub ... more details
Merge to List of Decepticons date July 2011 Transformers character name Fracture japanname image fracture movietoy.jpg caption Fracture toy affiliation Decepticon subgroup Deluxe Vehicles, List of female Transformers Female Transformers rank function partner motto alternatemodes Formula 1 race car series Transformers film Transformers voiceby Fracture is a fictional character from the Transformers universes . She is inspired by the Gobots character Crasher. She is sometimes called Decepticon Fracture for trademark purposes. Transformers Though not part of the Transformers film live action Transformers film , Fracture is featured as part of the toy line and associated comics. ref http www.oafe.net yo tfm frac.php ref Dedicated to Megatron and the Decepticon cause, Fracture is a dangerous enemy. She is totally fearless, and probably a little bit crazy, as she dives directly into any battle, regardless of the odds. Although she carries a powerful negative energy blaster, she prefers to use the seismic energy dischargers on her feet to smash the surrounding earth to pieces. Any battlefield on which she walks shudders with the force of her steps. ref http www.hasbro.com transformers default.cfm?page News Item&newsid 950171CF D56F E112 41602F3A7E919719 Hasbro.com Decepticon Fracture ref IDW Publishing image fracture idw.jpg left thumb Fracture in the IDW comics Fracture is among the Decepticons who arrive on Earth under the direction of Soundwave in Transformers Alliance 3. She arrives in Italy and assumed the form for a Formula One race car. In issue 4 Fracture is hunted down by Ironhide ... her. Note In the IDW comics Fracture was given a more alien styling to make her fit in more with the movie ... where Megatron won the battle for the Allspark are in italics . Fracture appears in issue 17 of the Titan ... Fracture 2008 A Walmart exclusive black white redeco of Classics Deluxe Mirage Transformers Mirage ... 181 decepticon fracture 1810 TFW2005.com Decepticon Fracture ref References reflist Category Decepticons ... more details
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