linkrot date October 2011 Forms of government Libertarianism sidebar expanded all A constitutionalrepublic ..., it is a republic and not a monarchy. In a constitutionalrepublic , executive government executive ... into distinct branches that serve as a check and balance on each other. In a constitutionalrepublic ... in Policing , American Enterprise Institute , 2002, p. 16. ref The notion of the constitutionalrepublic .... According to James Woodburn, in The American Republic and Its Government , the constitutional ... abuses thereof. Though a constitutionalrepublic is not a pure democracy it necessarily has some ... may or may not be a constitutionalrepublic. For example, the United States relies on representative ... democracy, but a constitutionalrepublic in which majority rule is tempered by minority ... Freedom A Legal History says, to him, a constitutionalrepublic means a representative polity ... that a constitutionalrepublic is a protective legal framework for what he considered to be capitalist ..., please see http meta.wikimedia.org wiki Cite Cite.php reflist DEFAULTSORT ConstitutionalRepublic Category ... representatives of the people and must govern according to existing constitutional law that limits ... exists that limits the government s power makes the state constitutional . That the head s of state ... are subject to judicial review makes the state a republic . Purpose and scope John Adams defined a republic as a government of laws, and not of men. ref Levinson, Sanford. Constitutional Faith . Princeton University Press , 1989, p. 60 ref Constitutional republics attempt to weaken ... is limited to electing representatives who legislate within the limits of an overarching constitutional ... in the interests of the whole community and not just the majority. Constitutional republics were first ... . An early experiment was the Corsican Republic , founded in 1755 by Pasquale Paoli but annexed by France in 1769. Since the beginning of the 20th century, constitutional republics have entered ... more details
Constitutional Court of the Republic of Latvia lang lv Latvijas Republikas Satversmes tiesa is an independent court, which was established in 1996 on basis of amendments in law On Judicial Power and in the Constitution of Latvia made in 1994. ref http www.satv.tiesa.gov.lv ?lang 2&mid 3 Constitutional Court of the Republic of Latvia Bot generated title ref It acts in accordance with the Constitutional Court Law and the Constitution. ref http likumi.lv doc.php?mode DOC&id 63354 Satversmes tiesas likums Bot generated title ref See also Judiciary Rule of law Rule According to Higher Law References reflist External links http www.satv.tiesa.gov.lv Latvia stub Category Constitutional courts Latvia Category Latvian constitutional law lv Latvijas Republikas Satversmes tiesa lt Latvijos Respublikos Konstitucinis Teismas ru ... more details
footnotes Politics of the Czech Republic The Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic lang cz ... of the Czechoslovak Federal Republic . Citation needed date March 2011 History and predecessors Conception and tasks of Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic are partly similar to former Constitutional ... normalization . Czechoslovakia has its Constitutional Court also during the First Republic since 1921 it was since 1931 in vacancy and during the Second Republic since 1938. See also Judiciary ... Government of the Czech Republic Category Czech law Category Constitutional courts Czech Republic CzechRepublic ... people of the Czech Republic against violations of the Constitution of the Czech Republic constitution ... the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic . Of all the various levels of the Judiciary of the Czech Republic Czech Judiciary it is the one created with the greatest specificity in the constitution. As such, it dates ... Act presumed also creation of Constitutional Courts of both member republics Czech, and Slovakian ... more details
Use dmy dates date April 2011 Politics of the Czech Republic A constitutional act , with respect to the laws of the Czech Republic , is an act which can change the Constitution of the Czech Republic , provisions ... country subdivision territory of the Czech Republic . ref name Art9 Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 9 ref ref name Art11 Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 11 ref ref name Art2 Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 2 ref ref name Art112 Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 112 ref ref name Art100 Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 100 ref Passage of such an act can only be accomplished through the agreement of 3 5ths of all Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic Deputies and Senate of the Czech Republic Senators present at the time the proposed act is laid before each house of Parliament of the Czech Republic Parliament . ref name Art39 Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 39 ref It is the only type of legislation which does not require the signature of the President of the Czech Republic President to become law. ref name Art50 Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 50 ref Furthermore, it is the only type of legislation which the President cannot veto . ref name Art62 Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 62 ref A number of constitutional acts ... defined by a Constitutional Act ref name Art106 Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 106 ref , but that act is not binding upon the Senate today. Specific acts As of 2008 , only six constitutional ... constitutional acts on various subjects. Number 347 1997 Article 100 of the constitution provided that higher self governing regions may be created or dissolved only by a constitutional act . Parliament ... opted to pass a constitutional act that was not directly implied or obliged by language in the constitution. The Constitutional Act on the Security of the Czech Republic defined the ways in which the Republic would respond to imminent threat. It defined the obligations the constituent parts of the Republic ... more details
External links http www.trybunal.gov.pl eng index.htm Official website en Chairmen of the Constitutional Tribunal gov stub Poland bordered Use dmy dates date March 2011 DEFAULTSORT Constitutional Tribunal Of The Republic Of Poland Category Politics of Poland Category Constitutional courts Poland Category ... , on disputes over the powers of central constitutional bodies, and on compliance with the Constitution of the aims and activities of political parties. It also rules on constitutional complaints. The Constitutional Tribunal is made up of 15 judges chosen by Sejm for nine year terms. They are fully independent. The Constitutional Tribunal constitutes one of the formal guarantees of a state grounded ... of the National Electoral Commission Act of 12 April 2001 on elections to the Sejm of the Republic of Poland and to the Senate of the Republic of Poland . Current Justices class wikitable width 74 No. Term ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo The Constitutional Court Lang fr 1 Cour Constitutionnelle was established by the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Constitution of the Third Republic on 18 February 2006. It is the highest constitutional authority in the Democratic Republic of the Congo . Its duty is to ensure that the principles and rules of the constitution are upheld. It considers conformity with the Constitution. See also Judiciary Jurisprudence Rule of law Rule According to Higher Law DRC topics DEFAULTSORT Constitutional Court Of The Democratic Republic Of The Congo Category Judiciary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Category Democratic Republic of the Congo law Category Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Category Constitutional courts Congo DRCongo stub fr Cour constitutionnelle de la R publique d mocratique du Congo ... more details
Politics of the Dominican RepublicConstitutional Assembly elections were held in the Dominican Republic on 16 December 1941. ref name N1 Dieter Nohlen Nohlen, D 2005 Elections in the Americas A data handbook, Volume I , p247 ISBN 9780199283576 ref The role of the Assembly was to review and amend certain articles of the constitution. ref Nohlen, p252 ref References reflist Dominican Republic elections Category 1941 elections in the Caribbean Category 1941 in the Dominican Republic Category Elections in the Dominican Republic ... more details
Politics of the Dominican RepublicConstitutional Assembly elections were held in the Dominican Republic on 8 December 1946. ref name N1 Dieter Nohlen Nohlen, D 2005 Elections in the Americas A data handbook, Volume I , p247 ISBN 9780199283576 ref The role of the Assembly was to review and amend certain articles of the constitution. ref Nohlen, p252 ref References reflist Dominican Republic elections Category 1946 elections in the Caribbean Category 1946 in the Dominican Republic Category Elections in the Dominican Republic ... more details
Politics of the Dominican RepublicConstitutional Assembly elections were held in the Dominican Republic on 13 November 1955. ref name N1 Dieter Nohlen Nohlen, D 2005 Elections in the Americas A data handbook, Volume I , p247 ISBN 9780199283576 ref The role of the Assembly was to review and amend certain articles of the constitution. ref Nohlen, p252 ref References reflist Dominican Republic elections Category 1955 elections in the Caribbean Category 1955 in the Dominican Republic Category Elections in the Dominican Republic ... more details
Politics of the Central African Republic A constitutional referendum was held in the Central African Republic on 5 December 2004. The new constitution would change the system of government from Presidential system presidential to semi presidential system semi presidential , as well as putting a limit of two terms on the President. ref http africanelections.tripod.com cf.html Elections in the Central African Republic African Elections Database ref It was approved by 91.37 of voters with a 77.1 turnout. Results class wikitable style text align right Choice Votes align left For 811,739 91.37 align left Against 76,635 8.63 align left Total 888,374 100 References reflist Central African Republic elections Category 2004 referendums Category Elections in the Central African Republic Category 2004 in the Central African Republic Category Referendums in the Central African Republic ... more details
Politics of the Central African Republic A constitutional referendum was held in the Central African Republic on 1 February 1981, following the overthrow of Jean B del Bokassa in 1979. The new constitution would make the country a presidential system presidential republic with a unicameralism unicameral National Assembly of the Central African Republic National Assembly , as well as restoring multi party democracy for the first time since 1962. ref http africanelections.tripod.com cf.html Elections in the Central African Republic African Elections Database ref It was approved by 98.55 of voters with a 92.53 turnout. ref http www.eisa.org.za WEP car1981referendum.htm CAR 1981 Constitutional referendum EISA ref Following the referendum, Central African Republic presidential election, 1981 presidential elections were held in March. However, a military coup occurred before parliamentary elections could take place. Results class wikitable style text align right Choice Votes align left For 837,410 98.55 align left Against 12,360 1.45 align left Invalid blank votes 9,463 align left Total 859,447 100 References reflist Central African Republic elections Category 1981 referendums Category Elections in the Central African Republic Category 1981 in the Central African Republic Category Referendums in the Central African Republic ... more details
Politics of the Republic of the Congo A constitutional referendum was held in the Republic of the Congo on 15 March 1992. The new constitution created a presidential system presidential republic with a Bicameralism bicameral parliament and a division of powers between the two. It was approved by 96 of voters with a 70.9 turnout. ref http africanelections.tripod.com cg.html Elections in Congo Brazzaville African Elections Database ref Results class wikitable style text align right Choice Votes align left For 832,115 96.32 align left Against 31,774 3.68 align left Invalid blank votes 10,408 align left Total 874,297 100 align left colspan 3 Source http africanelections.tripod.com cg.html African Elections Database References reflist Republic of the Congo elections Category 1992 referendums Category Referendums in the Republic of the Congo Category 1992 in the Republic of the Congo ... more details
Wikify date May 2011 A constitutionial referendum was held in the Batavian Republic in 1798 After Batavian Republicconstitutional referendum, 1797 a previous referendum in 1797 resulted in a coup d tat, a new constitution was written. On 23 April 1798, a referendum was held about the new constitution. Only opponents of the federalists were allowed to vote. After the referendum, a new coup d tat was done by the unitarians, and the constitution became effective in July 1798. The French, who had a big influence in the Batavian Republic, were not satisfied with the 1798 constitution, so a new constitution was written, for which a Batavian Republicconstitutional referendum, 1801 referendum in 1801 was organised. ref cite web url http www.europa nu.nl id vh8lnhrp8wt9 uitvoerend bewind 1798 1801 title Uitvoerend Bewind 1798 1801 publisher Europees parlement, Bureau Nederland en parlementair Documentatie Centrum UL ref References reflist Dutch general elections Category History of the Netherlands Category Referendums in the Netherlands Category Elections in the Netherlands Referendum Category 1798 referendums Category 1798 in the Netherlands Category Batavian Republic ... more details
Politics of the Central African Republic A constitutional referendum was held in the Central African Republic on 28 December 1994. The new constitution would make the country a presidential system presidential republic with a unicameralism unicameral National Assembly and a List of heads of government of the Central African Republic and Central African Empire Prime Minister accountable to both the President and the National Assembly. ref http africanelections.tripod.com cf.html Elections in the Central African Republic African Elections Database ref It was approved by 82.7 of voters with a 45 turnout. Results class wikitable style text align right Choice Votes align left For 460,407 82.7 align left Against 96,337 17.3 align left Invalid blank votes 4,340 align left Total 561,084 100 References reflist Central African Republic elections Category 1994 referendums Category Elections in the Central African Republic Category 1994 in the Central African Republic Category Referendums in the Central African Republic ... more details
Politics of the Republic of the Congo A constitutional referendum was held in the Republic of the Congo on 8 December 1963. The new constitution created a one party state and set the presidential term limit at two terms. It was approved by 86 of voters, with a 91.7 turnout. ref http africanelections.tripod.com cg.html Elections in Congo Brazzaville African Elections Database ref Results class wikitable style text align right Choice Votes align left For 419,893 86.09 align left Against 67,825 13.91 align left Invalid blank votes 6,561 align left Total 494,279 100 align left colspan 3 Source http africanelections.tripod.com rw.html African Elections Database References reflist Republic of the Congo elections Category 1963 referendums Category Referendums in the Republic of the Congo Category 1963 in the Republic of the Congo ... more details
Politics of the Republic of the Congo A constitutional referendum was held in the Republic of the Congo on 24 June 1973. The new constitution was approved by 76.7 of voters with an 83.1 turnout. ref Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B 1999 Elections in Africa A data handbook , p269 ISBN 0198296452 ref Results class wikitable style text align right Choice Votes align left For 411,2742 77.7 align left Against 188,301 22.3 align left Invalid blank votes 30,183 align left Total 559,756 100 align left colspan 3 Source Nohlen et al. References reflist Republic of the Congo elections Category 1973 referendums Category Referendums in the Republic of the Congo Category 1973 in the Republic of the Congo ... more details
Politics of the Republic of the Congo A constitutional referendum was held in the Republic of the Congo on 8 July 1979. The new constitution was approved by 96.93 of voters, ref http africanelections.tripod.com cg.html Elections in Congo Brazzaville African Elections Database ref with a 90.3 turnout. ref Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B 1999 Elections in Africa A data handbook , p269 ISBN 0198296452 ref Results class wikitable style text align right Choice Votes align left For 707,421 96.9 align left Against 22,284 3.1 align left Invalid blank votes 16,277 align left Total 746,082 100 align left colspan 3 Source Nohlen et al. References reflist Republic of the Congo elections Category 1979 referendums Category Referendums in the Republic of the Congo Category 1979 in the Republic of the Congo ... more details
Politics of the Central African Republic A constitutional referendum was held in the Central African Republic on 21 November 1986, following a military coup in 1981. The new constitution would make the country a one party state with the Central African Democratic Rally as the sole legal party, as well as allowing Andr Kolingba to assume the presidency for six years without an election, and abolishing term limits. ref http africanelections.tripod.com cf.html Elections in the Central African Republic African Elections Database ref It was approved by 92.22 of voters with a 87.6 turnout. Following the referendum, Central African Republic parliamentary election, 1987 parliamentary elections took place in July 1987. Results class wikitable style text align right Choice Votes align left For 696,055 92.22 align left Against 58,752 7.78 align left Invalid blank votes 8,644 align left Total 763,451 100 References reflist Central African Republic elections Category 1986 referendums Category Elections in the Central African Republic Category 1986 in the Central African Republic Category Referendums in the Central African Republic ... more details
Politics of the Dominican RepublicConstitutional Assembly elections were held in the Dominican Republic on 1 June 1927. ref name N1 Dieter Nohlen Nohlen, D 2005 Elections in the Americas A data handbook, Volume I , p247 ISBN 9780199283576 ref The role of the Assembly was to review and amend certain articles of the constitution. ref Nohlen, p252 ref This assembly amended the constitution so president and vice president s terms would extend six years. ref name IPZ http libraries.ucsd.edu locations sshl resources featured collections latin american elections statistics dominican republic elections and events 19241944.html ref This assembly, however, was elected by Congress, ref name kpppn http countrystudies.us dominican republic 11.htm ref not the general population, and thus had invalided Constitutional procedures. ref name kpppn The election had been boycotted by supporters of Vice President Federico Vel squez as he objected to the term length being increased. Following the amendments, the Vice President would be considered as having resigned if they did not take a new oath of office. This meant Vel squez lost office as he did not take the oath. ref name IPZ References reflist Dominican Republic elections Category 1927 elections in the Caribbean Category 1927 in the Dominican Republic Category Elections in the Dominican Republic Category Article Feedback 5 ... more details
Politics of the Dominican RepublicConstitutional Assembly elections were held in the Dominican Republic on 1 June 1929. ref name N1 Dieter Nohlen Nohlen, D 2005 Elections in the Americas A data handbook, Volume I , p247 ISBN 9780199283576 ref The role of the Assembly was to review and amend certain articles of the constitution, ref Nohlen, p252 ref which resulted in an amendment to repeal the ban on presidential re elections. ref name IPZ http libraries.ucsd.edu locations sshl resources featured collections latin american elections statistics dominican republic elections and events 19241944.html Elections and Events 1924 1944 UC San Diego ref Voter turnout was low and in some places ballots were not even counted. ref name IPZ References reflist Dominican Republic elections Category 1929 elections in the Caribbean Category 1929 in the Dominican Republic Category Elections in the Dominican Republic ... more details
Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo A constitutional referendum was held in the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 4 and 16 June 1967. The new constitution created a unitary state with a presidential system , whereby the president would be selected by a unicameralism unicameral National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo National Assembly and then approved by a referendum. It also abolished presidential term limits, limited the number of political parties to two, and gave women the vote. ref http www.eisa.org.za WEP drcsecondrepublic.htm DRC Elections under the Second Republic Electoral Institute for the Sustainability of Democracy in Africa EISA ref The prosposed constitusion was approved by 97.8 of voters. ref Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B 1999 Elections in Africa A data handbook , p291 ISBN 0198296452 ref Results class wikitable style text align right Choice Votes align left For 8,220,000 97.8 align left Against 184,907 2.2 align left Invalid blank votes align left Total 8,404,907 100 align left colspan 3 Source Nohlen et al. References reflist Democratic Republic of the Congo elections Category Referendums in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Category 1967 referendums Category 1967 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Category 1967 elections in Africa ... more details
Wikify date May 2011 A constitutionial referendum was held in the Batavian Republic in 1801 After Batavian Republicconstitutional referendum, 1798 a previous referendum in 1798 resulted in a new constitution, the French were not satisfied with this constitution, and under their influence a new constitution was written. In 1801, a referendum was held about the new constitution. The persons that did not vote were counted as if they agreed to the new constitution, and the constitution passed. On 16 October 1801, the new constitution became official. ref cite web url http www.europa nu.nl id vh8lnhrp8wt9 uitvoerend bewind 1798 1801 title Uitvoerend Bewind 1798 1801 publisher Europees parlement, Bureau Nederland en parlementair Documentatie Centrum UL ref References reflist Dutch general elections Category History of the Netherlands Category Referendums in the Netherlands Category Elections in the Netherlands Referendum Category 1801 referendums Category 1801 in the Netherlands Category Batavian Republic ... more details
A referendum on the constitution of the Batavian Republic was held on August 8, 1797. The draft constitution was rejected, eventually culminating in a coup d tat. Background The country we now know as the Netherlands had declared independence as the Dutch RepublicRepublic of the Seven United Provinces lang nl Republiek der Zeeven Vereenigde Provinci n in 1581. This independence was officially recognized in the Peace of Westphalia of 1648. As the name indicates, the country was a federation of seven autonomous provinces the duchy of Gelre , the counties of Holland and Zeeland Zealand , the former bishopric of Utrecht province Utrecht , the lord Feudalism lordship of Overijssel and the free provinces of Friesland and Groningen province Groningen . Each province was governed by the Provincial States the main executive official was a stadtholder stadhouder in Dutch . Over the years, these stadtholderships were concentrated among the descendants of William the Silent . This led to a friction with the regenten , the wealthy merchant class, who were mainly based in Amsterdam . They saw the central ... weeks later, on January 19, 1795, the Batavian Republic was proclaimed. The National Assembly of the Batavian Republic Nationale Vergadering National Assembly subsequently went through two years ... between two groups those who felt that the gewesten regions in the Republic should maintain their historic autonomy, and those who felt that the Republic should become a unitary state . ref cite ... of a federal state retained the majority in the constitutional commission. Meanwhile in France ... staged a coup d tat in 1798 January 1798 . A new constitution, establishing a unitary republic, was quickly adopted in the National Assembly. This draft constitution was approved in Batavian Republicconstitutional referendum, 1798 a referendum on April 23, 1798. References reflist Dutch general elections ... Batavian Republic ... more details
took power. Democratic Republic of the Congo elections Category Referendums in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Category 2005 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Constitutional Category 2005 ...Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo A referendum on a proposed new Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo constitution for the Democratic Republic of Congo was held on December 18 and December 19, 2005. It was approved, paving the way for the country s elections to be held in 2006. class wikitable style text align right align center Summary of the 18 19 December 2005 Democratic Republic of the Congo Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo constitutional referendum results style background color E9E9E9 align left Result Votes Percent align left Yes votes 12,461,001 84.31 align left No votes 2,319,074 15.69 style background color E9E9E9 align left Total turnout 62.0 14,780,075 100.00 align left Invalid votes 725,735 rowspan 3 align left Total votes 15,505,810 align left Registered voters 25,021,703 style background color E9E9E9 align left colspan 3 Source http africanelections.tripod.com cd.html 2005 Constitutional Referendum African Elections Database The referendum constitution has been a success with more than 80 of approval leading to the election in 2006, after more than 15 years of different transition periods and suffering civil war during those periods, it is now clear that the first multi party democratic election in DR Congo will take place this year the independent electoral commission IEC has released the list of candidates to run for presidency. At the beginning they were more than 60 presidential candidates but IEC has rejected some of them and only retained 33 candidates. Among those candidates, there are Mr. Joseph Kabila who is the actual president of the transition government and also three of the deputy presidents of the transitional government. There are also a lot personalities of the former regime of Mobutu as well ... more details
Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo A constitutional referendum was held in the Republic of the Congo L opoldville between 25 June and 10 July 1964. The new constitution, known as the Constitution de Luluabourg , changed the country s system of government, its name, and the number of provinces. It was approved by 91 of voters. Background Following the Congo Crisis , negotiations between politicians resulted in the drafting of a new constitution. The new document created a presidential system of government in place of the previous semi presidential system , where both the Prime Minister and President had certain powers. It also made the country more federalist, and increased the number of Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo provinces from six to 21. ref name EISA http www.eisa.org.za WEP drc1965election.htm DRC Background to the 1965 election EISA ref The country was renamed the Democratic Republic of Congo having been officially the Republic of Congo since independence in 1960, a name shared by its Republic of the Congo neighbour Results class wikitable style text align right Choice Votes align left For 2,151,122 90.82 align left Against 217,329 9.18 align left Invalid blank votes 35,688 align left Total 2,404,139 100 align left colspan 3 Source http africanelections.tripod.com cd.html African Eleotions Database Aftermath When the constitution came into effect, the parliament elected in Belgian Congo general election, 1960 1960 was automatically dissolved, and the President, Joseph Kasa Vubu , appointed a transitional government, whose role was to organise elections within nine months. In June 1964 Kasavubu appointed Moise Tshombe , who had led the State ... until peace talks with the remaining rebel fations had been held. However, the Democratic Republic ... name EISA References reflist Democratic Republic of the Congo elections Category Referendums in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Category 1964 referendums Category 1964 in the Democratic Republic ... more details
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