Infobox Anatomy Name Coronarycirculation Latin GraySubject GrayPage Width 200 Image Gray492.png Caption An anterior left coronary artery . Image2 Gray491.png Caption2 Base and diaphragmatic surface of heart. Blood Nerve Action Precursor MeshName Coronary Vessels MeshNumber A07.231.114.269 Coronarycirculation is the circulation of blood in the blood vessel s of the heart muscle the myocardium . The vessels that deliver oxygen rich blood to the myocardium are known as coronary artery arteries . The vessels that remove the deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle are known as cardiac veins. The coronary arteries that run on the surface of the heart are called epicardial coronary arteries. These arteries, when healthy, are capable of autoregulation to maintain coronary blood flow at levels appropriate ... infarction heart attack . See also circulatory system . The coronary arteries that run deep within the myocardium are referred to as subendocardial. The coronary arteries are classified as end circulation ... , then the coronarycirculation can be classified as right dominant . If the posterior descending ... by both the right coronary artery RCA and the circumflex artery, then the coronarycirculation can be classified .... In addition to metabolism, the coronarycirculation possesses unique pharmacologic characteristics ... blood pressure. In the coronarycirculation, norepinephrine elicits vasodilation, due to the predominance of beta adrenergic receptors in the coronarycirculation. Agonists of alpha receptors, such as phenylephrine, elicit very little constriction in the coronarycirculation. Anastomoses file ... of chest Veins of the thorax and vertebral column DEFAULTSORT CoronaryCirculation Category Cardiac ... blood supply, which is why blockage of these vessels can be so critical. Coronary anatomy File Coronary arteries.svg thumb 400px Right Coronary arteries labeled in red text and other landmarks ... above the aortic valve . As discussed below, the left coronary artery originates from the left aortic ... more details
wiktionarypar circulationCirculation may refer to Circulatory system , a biological organ system whose primary function is to move substances to and from cells Circulation fluid dynamics , the path integral of the fluid velocity around a closed curve Circulation journal , one of the journals published by American Heart Association Circulation architecture , the flow of people through a building Exhaust gas recirculation , a nitrogen oxide reduction technique used in most gasoline and diesel engines Atmospheric circulation , the large scale movement of air Newspaper circulation , the average number of copies of a newspaper distributed on a day Magazine circulation , the average number of copies of a periodical distributed per edition volume Circulation UK duo , a UK house music duo Circulation problem , a generalization of network flow problems Library circulation , the activities around the lending of library books and other material to users of a lending library Circulation currency , all currency held by consumers and businesses, but not by financial institutions and governments Circulation Festival, an annual circus and Fire dancing fire performance festival held in Dunedin , New Zealand See also List of circulating currencies disambig ca Circulaci cs Kolob h es Circulaci n fr Circulation gl Circulaci n it Circolazione nl Circulatie pt Circula o ru simple Circulation ... more details
Coronary reflex is the change of coronary diameter in response to chemical, neurological or mechanical stimulation of the Coronarycirculationcoronary arteries . The coronary reflex are stimulated differently than the rest of the Circulatory system vascular system . Causes of coronary constriction Chemical N nitro Arginine L arginine indomethacin glibenclamide tetraethylammonium chloride caffine Other Cold Causes of coronary dilation Cocaine Cocaine abuse frequently can cause a coronary spasm, resulting in a spontaneous myocardial infarction . Chemical Versed Midazolam a coronary dilator. In midazolam s presence, dilation was unaffected by N nitro L arginine, indomethacin and glibenclamide. Tetraethylammonium chloride , an inhibitor of the BKCa K channel a high conductance Ca2 sensitive K channel , dose dependently attenuated the vasodilating effect of midazolam ref cite journal title N nitro L arginine causes coronary vasoconstriction and inhibits endothelium dependent vasodilatation in anaesthetized greyhounds author O.L. Woodman G.J. Dusting journal Br. J. Pharmacol. year 1991 volume 103 pages 1407 1410 pmid 1909199 issue 2 pmc 1908370 ref Estrogen has been shown to abolish abnormal cold induced coronary constriction. ref cite journal doi 10.1378 chest.114.6.1556 title Estrogen Acutely Abolishes Abnormal Cold Induced Coronary Constriction in Men author Steven E. Reis, MD Richard Holubkov, PhD Kathleen A. Zell, BSN AJ. Conrad Smith, MD Howard A. Cohen, MD Marc D. Feldman, MD and Roger S. Blumenthal, MD journal Chest year 1998 volume 114 pages 1556 1561 pmid 9872188 issue 6 ref References reflist Reflex Category Cardiology ... more details
Coronary steal with its symptoms termed cardiac steal syndrome is a phenomenon where an alteration of circulation patterns lead to a reduction in the blood directed to the coronarycirculation . ref name pmid2787728 cite journal author Gould KL title Coronary steal. Is it clinically important? journal Chest volume 96 issue 2 pages 227 8 year 1989 month August pmid 2787728 doi 10.1378 chest.96.2.227 url http www.chestjournal.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 2787728 ref It is caused when there is narrowing of the coronary arteries and a coronary vasodilator ref name pmid12135942 cite journal author Werner GS, Figulla HR title Direct assessment of coronary steal and associated changes of collateral hemodynamics in chronic total coronary occlusions journal Circulation volume 106 issue 4 pages 435 40 year 2002 month July pmid 12135942 doi 10.1161 01.CIR.0000022848.92729.33 url http circ.ahajournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 12135942 ref is used stealing blood away from those parts of the heart. This happens as a result of the narrowed coronary arteries being always maximally dilated to compensate for the decreased upstream blood supply. Thus, dilating the resistance vessels in the coronarycirculation causes blood to be shunted away from the coronary vessels supplying the ischaemic zones, creating more ischaemia. Causative agents It is associated with dipyridamole . Hence, dipyridamole is a pharmacological success, but a therapeutic failure because of the coronary steal phenomenon. ref Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, 5th Edition ref Coronary steal is also the mechanism ... 0 8247 2920 X oclc doi accessdate ref Other causes Coronary arteriovenous fistula between coronary artery and another cardiac chamber, like, the coronary sinus, right atrium, or right ventricle may ... cite journal author Aziz S, Stables RH title Coronary steal induced by angiogenesis following bypass ... It is sometimes treated by surgery. ref name pmid8969040 cite journal author Kern MJ title Coronary ... more details
Infobox disease Name Coronary thrombosis Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 I 24 0 i 20 ICD9 ICD9 414.8 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D003328 Coronary thrombosis is a form of thrombosis affecting the coronarycirculation . It is associated with stenosis subsequent to clotting . ref name urlThrombosis Coronary Thrombosis cite web url http www.cts.usc.edu zglossary thrombosis.html title Thrombosis Coronary Thrombosis work accessdate ref The condition is considered as a type of ischaemic heart disease . It can lead to a myocardial infarction . ref http library.med.utah.edu WebPath ATHHTML ATH010.html Atherosclerosis Bot generated title ref The terms are sometimes used as synonyms, although this is technically inaccurate as the thrombosis refers to the Vascular occlusion occlusion , while the infarction refers to the necrosis due to the consequent loss of perfusion . The heart contains anastomosis anastomoses , and depending upon the location of the thrombosis, the infarction may be subclinical . Coronary thrombosis can be a complication associated with drug eluting stent s. ref name pmid17325255 cite journal author L scher TF, Steffel J, Eberli FR, et al. title Drug eluting stent and coronary thrombosis biological mechanisms and clinical implications journal Circulation volume 115 issue 8 pages 1051 8 year 2007 month February pmid 17325255 doi 10.1161 CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675934 url ref Notable victims Tim Russert ref http www.medicalnewstoday.com articles 111396.php 58 Year Old Tim Russert Died Of Sudden Coronary Thrombosis Said Doctors ref Benny Hill ref http www.oxforddnb.com index 51 101051126 ref George VI King George VI ref http news.bbc.co.uk onthisday hi dates stories february 6 newsid 2711000 2711265.stm ref Ralph Vaughan Williams ref A Biography of Ralph Vaughan Williams by Ursula Vaughan Williams ref Theodore Roosevelt ref http query.nytimes.com mem archive free pdf?res 9E0CEED91231E433A2575BC0A9679C946896D6CF ref Florence Ballard ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Coronary vasospasm Image Caption DiseasesDB 13727 ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 413.1 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus 000159 eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 447 MeshID D003329 Coronary vasospasm is a form of vasospasm affecting the coronarycirculation . It can cause Prinzmetal s angina . It can occur in multiple vessels. ref name pmid17620681 cite journal author Ahooja V, Thatai D title Multivessel coronary vasospasm mimicking triple vessel obstructive coronary artery disease journal J Invasive Cardiol volume 19 issue 7 pages E178 81 year 2007 month July pmid 17620681 doi url http www.digitaljic.com nxtbooks hmp jic0707 index.php?startpage 54 ref ref name pmid15118293 cite journal author Miwa K, Ishii K, Makita T, Okuda N title Diagnosis of multivessel coronary vasospasm by detecting postischemic regional left ventricular delayed relaxation on echocardiography using color kinesis journal Circ. J. volume 68 issue 5 pages 483 7 year 2004 month May pmid 15118293 doi 10.1253 circj.68.483 url http joi.jlc.jst.go.jp JST.JSTAGE circj 68.483?from PubMed format &ndash sup http scholar.google.co.uk scholar?hl en&lr &q intitle 3ADiagnosis of multivessel coronary vasospasm by detecting postischemic regional left ventricular delayed relaxation on echocardiography using color kinesis&as publication Circ. J.&as ylo 2004&as yhi 2004&btnG Search Scholar search sup Dead link date October 2008 ref Atropine has been used to treat the condition. ref name pmid17228071 cite journal author Turkoglu S, Arpag U, Timurkaynak T title Spontaneous coronary vasospasm in the catheterisation laboratory prompt resolution after atropine injection journal Heart volume 93 issue 2 pages 215 year 2007 month February pmid 17228071 doi 10.1136 hrt.2006.093187 url http heart.bmj.com cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 17228071 pmc 1861368 ref See also Myocardial bridge Cardiac CT Angiography References reflist Further reading cite journal author Hibino H, Kurachi Y title A new insight into the pathogenesis of coronary ... more details
Image Ha1.jpg thumb 300px A coronary angiogram an X ray with radiocontrast in the coronary arteries that shows the left coronarycirculation . The distal left main coronary artery LMCA is in the left upper ..., which arise at the centre top of the image and course toward the centre right of the image. A coronary catheterization is a minimally invasive procedure to access the coronarycirculation and blood ... treatment purposes. Coronary catheterization is one of the several cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures . Specifically, coronary catheterization is a visually interpreted test performed to recognize ... of the coronary artery lumen anatomy lumen s heart chamber size heart muscle contraction performance ... within the wall of the coronary artery arteries . Less frequently, heart valve valvular , heart muscle , or arrhythmia issues are the primary focus of the test. Coronary artery luminal stenosis narrowing ... infarction heart attack . However, it has been increasingly recognized, since the late 1980s, that coronary catheterization does not allow the recognition of the presence or absence of coronary ..., coronary heart disease and arteriovenous malformations. He is recognized as one of the pioneers in this field. Coronary catheterization was further explored in 1929 when the German physician Werner ... in the living man . They were the first to non selectively inject radiocontrast in the coronary ... injected radiocontrast in a coronary artery instead of the left ventricle. Although the patient ... Andreas Gruentzig starting in 1977, coronary catheterization has been extended to therapeutic uses a the performance ... damage has occurred and c research for better understanding of the pathology of coronary artery disease ... over time, simple coronary catheterization examinations are now commonly done more rapidly ... is usually awake during coronary catheterization, ideally with only local anaesthesia such as lidocaine ... s interests can significantly increase the examination time. Equipment Coronary catheterization ... more details
A coronary occlusion is the partial or complete obstruction of blood flow in a coronary artery . This condition may cause a myocardial infarction heart attack . In some patients coronary occlusion causes only mild pain, tightness or vague discomfort which may be ignored the myocardium is however damaged. Category Heart diseases disease stub ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Coronary sulcus Latin sulcus coronarius GraySubject 138 GrayPage 526 Image Gray492.png Caption Sternocostal surface of heart. Right coronary artery , which runs down coronary sulcus, is visible at left. Image2 Caption2 System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre s 12 DorlandsSuf 12738662 The Atrium heart atria of the heart are separated from the ventricle heart ventricles by the coronary sulcus also called coronary groove , auriculoventricular groove , atrioventricular groove , AV groove this contains the trunks of the nutrient vessels of the heart, and is deficient in front, where it is crossed by the root of the pulmonary artery . On the posterior surface of the heart, the coronary sulcus contains the coronary sinus . External links GPnotebook 187695047 eMedicineDictionary Coronary sulcus SUNYAnatomyLabs 20 st 11 01 http mywebpages.comcast.net wnor heartsulciant.jpg Diagram Gray s Heart Category Cardiac anatomy circulatory stub ... more details
Infobox Vein Name Coronary sinus Latin sinus coronarius GraySubject 138 GrayPage 530 Image Gray491.png Caption Back posterior side of the heart, with coronary sinus blue labeled. Image2 Gray493.png Caption2 Interior of heart, viewed from the front. Opening of coronary sinus is labeled. DrainsFrom Source great cardiac vein DrainsTo right atrium Precursor sinus venosus System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre s 12 DorlandsSuf 12738662 The coronary sinus is a collection of vein s joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from the heart muscle myocardium . It delivers deoxygenated blood to the right atrium , as do the superior vena cava superior and inferior vena cava . It is present in all mammal s, including humans. The coronary sinus opens into the right atrium, at the coronary sinus orifice , between the inferior vena cava and the right atrioventricular orifice . It returns the blood from the substance of the heart, and is protected by a semicircular fold of the lining membrane of the Right atrial appendage auricle , the valve of coronary sinus or valve of Thebesius . The sinus, before entering the auricle, is considerably dilated nearly to the size of the end of the little finger. Its wall is partly muscular, and at its junction with the great cardiac vein is somewhat constricted and furnished with a valve consisting of two unequal segments. Gray 462 Location It runs ... of the heart. The coronary sinus orifice opening, also known as the ostium of the coronary sinus is on the posterior ... to the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve . The coronary sinus orifice is guarded by the Valve of the coronary sinus Thebesian valve . Drainage The coronary sinus receives blood mainly from the Small ... . It drains into the right atrium. The anterior cardiac veins do not drain into the coronary sinus ... into any of the four chambers of the heart. See also Coronary arteries Additional images gallery ... curriculum Vascular Coronary sinus.jpg eMedicineDictionary Coronary sinus Veins of the thorax and vertebral ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Coronary Reconstruction Type EP Artist Aborted Cover Aborted coronary.jpg Released Start date 2010 1 14 Recorded Genre Goregrind Length 22 30 Label Century Media Records Century Media Producer Reviews Last album The Haematobic EP br 2004 This album Coronary Reconstruction br 2010 Next album Coronary Reconstruction is an Extended play EP by the Belgian death metal band Aborted , released on January 14, 2010 through Century Media Records . The album is the first to be recorded with the band s new 2009 line up, and was released mainly as a digital EP, with only 1,000 physical copies made. The song Coronary Reconstruction contains audio samples from the film Hellbound Hellraiser II . Track listing tracklist total length 22 30 title1 Coronary Reconstruction length1 4 28 title2 From a Tepid Whiff length2 3 24 title3 Grime length3 3 41 title4 A Cadaverous Dissertation length4 4 24 title5 Left Hand Path note5 Entombed band Entombed cover length5 6 37 Personnel Sven Svencho de Caluw vocals Eran Segal guitar Ken Sorceron guitar Cole Martinez Bass guitar bass Dirk Verbeuren drums References Category 2010 EPs Category Aborted band albums Category Century Media Records EPs Aborted es Coronary Reconstruction EP it Coronary Reconstruction ru Coronary Reconstruction ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Coronary heart disease Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 414.00 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D003327 Coronary heart disease is the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis sometimes called ... attack injury to the heart muscle may occur. It is most commonly equated with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease , but coronary disease can be due to other causes , such as coronary vasospasm ... in young people with normal coronary arteries journal Heart volume 79 issue 2 pages 191 4 year ...?view long&pmid 18056026 pmc 2111405 ref Causes Coronary artery disease, the most common type of coronary disease, which has no clear etiology, has many risk factors, including smoking , radiotherapy ... of exercise, inability to manage stress, and hyperlipidemia . ref http www.mayoclinic.com health coronary ... to an increased risk of coronary disease. ref McCann, 2001, the precocity longevity hypothesis earlier ..., 1429 1439 Rhodewalt & Smith, 1991, current issues in Type A behaviour, coronary proneness, and coronary ... been shown to be effective in reducing and in the case of diet, reversing coronary disease A Veganism ... effective as a treatment of coronary disease, and generalized atherosclerosis. In numerous peer ... 50 years. ref morrison l m diet in coronary artherosclerosis JAMA 173 1960 p884 888 ref ref name mayoclinic.com http www.mayoclinic.com health coronary artery disease DS00064 DSECTION treatments 2Dand ... http www.nlm.nih.gov medlineplus druginfo natural 993.html ref Medications to treat coronary disease ... Surgical intervention Angioplasty Stents bare metal or drug eluting Coronary artery bypass ref name mayoclinic.com Heart transplant References reflist See also Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery Heart diseases DEFAULTSORT Coronary Disease Category Heart diseases Link FA pl Link FA pt ar ... sirk a unquy ru simple Coronary heart disease sr fi ... more details
Coronary ischemia is a medical term for not having enough blood through the coronary arteries. ref cite ... Coronary Ischemia publisher Shmc.org date accessdate 2008 12 28 ref Coronary ischemia is linked ... Causes Coronary artery disease CAD occurs when fatty substances get stuck to the walls of coronary arteries .... Coronary Artery Disease. Adult Health Advisor July 2009 1. Consumer Health Complete. Web. 4 Nov. 2010 .... Ischemic Heart Disease, n.d. Web. 6 Nov. 2010. ref Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of coronary ..., inactive lifestyle and high cholesterol. ref name CHC Symptoms The symptoms of coronary ischemia ... a myocardial infarction. ref name evy Symptoms of coronary ischemia can be classified as typical or atypical. ref name evy Typical Symptoms Chest pain is a major indication of coronary ischemia. If chest pain occurs while exercising, or during sex, but it doesn t persist after rest, it may be coronary ... date October 2011 If there is a suspicion that one may have coronary ischemia, a doctor will administer ..., an exercise stress test, and a coronary angiography. ref name DCH Gerstenblith, Gary, and Simeon. Margolis. Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease. Hopkins Heart Jan. 2008 18 25. Consumer ... on their test even though no signs of coronary ischemia or CAD are present. ref name DCH Coronary angiography A coronary angiography is performed only after a stress test or ECG shows a sign of coronary ... to two hours. Side Effects Coronary ischemia has some serious side effects if it is not treated. It can ... both lead to a heart attack. When the coronary arteries become constricted, it can lead to a heart ..., as well as permanent damage to the heart muscle. ref name IHD If left untreated, coronary ischemia can also lead to a stroke. Treatment and prevention Cleanup section date July 2011 Coronary ischemia ... Measures to Prevent and Treat Coronary Artery Disease. Hopkins Heart Jan. 2008 25 36. Consumer Health .... ref name LMP Healthy diet Diet is a very important factor in getting coronary ischemia or coronary ... more details
For the coronary ligament of the knee Coronary ligament of the knee Infobox Anatomy Name Coronary ligament Latin ligamentum coronarium hepatis GraySubject 250 GrayPage 1192 Image Gray1087 liver.png Caption Posterior and inferior surfaces of the liver. Coronary ligament labeled at center right. Image2 Gray1035.png Caption2 Vertical disposition of the peritoneum. Main cavity, red omental bursa, blue. Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre l 09 DorlandsSuf 12492023 The coronary ligament of the liver refers to parts of the peritoneal reflections that hold the liver to the inferior surface of the thoracic diaphragm diaphragm . Structure The convex diaphragmatic surface of the liver anterior, superior and a little posterior is connected to the concavity of the inferior surface of the thoracic diaphragm diaphragm by reflections of peritoneum . The coronary ligament is the largest of these, having an anterior frontal and posterior back layers. The diaphragmatic surface of the liver that is in direct contact with the diaphragm just beyond the peritoneal reflections has no peritoneal covering, and is termed the bare area of the liver . The anterior layer of the coronary ligament is formed by the reflection of the peritoneum from the upper margin of the bare area of the liver to the under surface of the diaphragm. The posterior layer of the coronary ligament is reflected from the lower margin of the bare area and is continuous with the right layer of the lesser omentum . The anterior and posterior layers converge on the right and left sides of the liver to form the right triangular ligament and the left triangular ligament , respectively. In between the two sides of the anterior layer, the reflection of peritoneum has an inferior continuation termed the falciform ligament . The falciform ligament contains the round ligament of liver . Additional images gallery Image Gray1085.png The superior surface of the liver. gallery References cite book last ... more details
Interventions infobox Name PAGENAME Image Taxus stent FDA.jpg Caption An example of a coronary stent ... HCPCSlevel2 A coronary stent is a stent tube placed in the coronary artery coronary arteries that supply the heart , to keep the arteries open in the treatment of coronary heart disease . It is used in a procedure called percutaneous coronary intervention PCI . Stents reduce chest pain and have ... timely coronary intervention vs. primary percutaneous intervention early after ST elevation ... pmid 16757491 ref Similar stents and procedures are used in non coronary vessels e.g. in the legs ... placement. Treating a blocked stenosed coronary artery with a stent follows the same steps as other Percutaneous coronary intervention Technique angioplasty procedures with a few important differences ... catheter and viewing the flow of blood through the downstream coronary arteries. Intravascular ultrasound ... mm using drug eluting stents for de novo coronary artery lesions author Aoki J, Ong ATL, Granillo ... 101 Angioplasty.Org ref Dealing with lesions near branches in the coronary arteries presents additional ... 06 108 119.html ref Re occlusion Coronary artery stents, typically a metal framework, can be placed ... symptoms acute coronary syndromes including myocardial infarction, their benefit is less marked in stable patients. Clinical trials have failed to demonstrate that coronary stents improve survival .... COURAGE concluded that in patients with stable coronary artery disease PCI did not reduce the death ... coronary disease author Boden WE, O Rourke RA, Teo KK, Hartigan PM, Maron DJ, Kostuk WJ, Knudtson M ... II trial compared PCI, CABG and optimum medical therapy for the treatment of multi vessel coronary ... of three therapeutic strategies for multivessel coronary artery disease one year results author Hueb ... other clinical trials have been performed to examine the efficacy of coronary stenting and compare ... See also Stent References reflist External links DEFAULTSORT Coronary Stent Cardiac procedures Category ... more details
atrium of the heart . Coronary vessels Main Coronarycirculation The heart itself is supplied with oxygen and nutrients through a small loop of the systemic circulation. Portal veins The general rule ...Image Diagram of the human heart cropped .svg thumb 300px Systemic circulation is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygen ated blood away from the heart to the body , and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. This physiologic theory of circulation was first described by William Harvey . This term is opposed and contrasted to the term pulmonary circulation first proposed by Ibn al Nafis . ref cite book last Maton first Anthea authorlink coauthors Jean Hopkins, Charles William McLaughlin, Susan Johnson, Maryanna Quon Warner, David LaHart, Jill D. Wright title Human Biology and Health publisher Prentice Hall year 1993 location Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey pages url doi id isbn 0 13 981176 1 ref Course Systemic circulation refers to the part of the circulatory system in which the blood leaves the heart, services the body s cells, and then re enters the heart. Blood leaves through the left ventricle to the aorta, the body s largest artery. The aorta leads to smaller arteries, arterioles, and finally capillaries. Waste and carbon dioxide diffuse out of the cell into the blood ... tree Oxygenated blood enters the systemic circulation when leaving the left ventricle , through the aortic semilunar valve . The first part of the systemic circulation is the aorta , a massive and thick ... portal vein branches into a second capillary system in the liver . Advantage Because the systemic circulation is powered by the left ventricle which is very muscular , one advantage of this form of circulation as opposed to open circulation , or the gill system that fish use to breathe is that there is simultaneous ... Dr. Matayoshi See also Pulmonary circulation Double circulatory system References Reflist cardiovascular ... Arteries of lower limbs DEFAULTSORT Systemic Circulation Category Angiology Category Underwater ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A secondary circulation is a circulation induced in a rotating system. For example, the primary circulation of Earth s atmosphere is zonal . If however a parcel of air, that moves in a purely zonal direction, is accelerated or decelerated zonally, the Coriolis force will add a meridional component to its velocity. This meridional circulation is then the secondary circulation. See also Hough function Primitive equations Secondary flow DEFAULTSORT Secondary Circulation Category Geophysics Category Physical oceanography Category Atmospheric dynamics Category Fluid mechanics Fluiddynamics stub nn Sekund r sirkulasjon ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Library circulation or library lending comprises the activities around the lending of library books and other material to users of a lending library . A circulation or lending department is one of the key departments of a library. The main public service point is the circulation desk or loans desk, usually found near the main entrance of a library. It provides lending services and facilities for return of loaned items. Renewal of materials and payment of fines are also handled at the circulation desk. Circulation staff may provide basic search and reference services, though more in depth questions are usually referred to reference librarians at the library reference desk . The circulation desk is in most cases staffed by library aides instead of professional librarians. Functions of the circulation desk staff may include Lending materials to library users Checking in materials returned Monitoring materials for damage and routing them to the appropriate staff for repair or replacement Troubleshooting circulation technology, i.e. library circulation software, scanners, printers, etc. Collecting statistics on library use, i.e. patron transactions, material checkouts, etc. See also Interlibrary loan Library reference desk DEFAULTSORT Library Circulation Category Library science Library stub ... more details
In the field of architecture , circulation refers to the way people move through and interact with a building. ref http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 118392 circulationcirculation architecture in Britannica Online Encyclopedia ref In public buildings, circulation is of high importance for example, in buildings such as museums , it is key to have a floor plan that allows continuous movement while minimizing the necessity to retrace one s steps, allowing a visitor to see each work in a sequential, natural fashion. Structures such as elevator s, escalators , and staircases are often referred to as circulation elements, as they are positioned and designed to optimize the flow of people through a building. References references Category Architectural design Architecture stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Collateral circulation is when an area of tissue or an organ has a number of different pathways for blood to reach it. This is often as a result of Circulatory anastomosis anastamoses branches formed between adjacent blood vessels. An example of the usefulness of collateral circulation is a systemic thrombo embolism in cats. This is when a thrombus lodges above the external iliac artery Common Iliac Artery , blocking the external and internal iliac arteries and effectively shutting off all blood supply to the hind leg. Even though the main vessels to the leg are blocked, enough blood can get to the tissues in the leg via the collateral circulation in order to keep them alive. Another example in Humans is where a person suffers an acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Attack , collateral circulation in the Heart tissue will sometimes by pass the blockage in the main artery and supply enough oxygenated blood to enable the Cardiac tissue to survive and recover. DEFAULTSORT Collateral Circulation Category Angiology Circulatory stub ... more details
Enteroenteric circulation is the secretion back into the intestines of substances previously taken up from it. It occurs when there is a negative relative concentration of substance in the intestines, making it passively diffuse from the mesenteric circulation into the intestinal lumen and is trapped. ref name CNYPCC http www.upstate.edu poison pdf tox newsletter 04 01toxnews.pdf The CNYPCC Toxicology Letter Vol. VI No. 2. Central New York Regional Poison Control Center. April, 2001 ref Examples of toxins that exhibit enteroenteric circulation include theophylline , phenobarbital , and phenytoin . ref name CNYPCC Administration of activated charcoal inhibits the enteroenteric circulation of such substances, and is therefore useful in overdose or intoxication. ref http www.medscape.com viewarticle 471331 medscape.com Use of Activated Charcoal in Drug Overdose. By Desiree Lie, MD, MSEd. Posted 25 March 2004 ref See also Enterohepatic circulation References Reflist Category Gastroenterology Medicine stub ... more details
A newspaper s circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation , since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical ... claimed by the publisher. In many developed countries newspaper circulation is falling due to social ... developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. World newspapers with the largest circulation The World Association of Newspapers WAN publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily ... the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 ... , Asahi Shimbun and Mainichi Shimbun are still the List of newspapers in the world by circulation ... by circulation largest circulated English language daily newspaper in the world, across all formats .... The List of newspapers in the United States by circulation largest circulated newspapers from the United ... of years but according to its own press kit, the circulation of USA Today declined by 3 million ... circulation of the Soviet newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda exceeded 21,500,000 in 1990, while the Soviet weekly Argumenty i Fakty boasted a circulation of 33,500,000 in 1991. Individual countries India see List of newspapers in India by circulation The 2010 Indian Readership Survey findings http www.newswatch.in ... Kerala, currently has a readership of over 9.9 million with a circulation base of over 2 million copies has the most circulation in other languages. Belgium The Belgian institution CIM Centre for Information about Media publishes national circulation figures for all written, audiovisual and web based ... more details
Infobox journal title Circulation cover File Circulation journal cover.gif editor Joseph Loscalzo discipline ... 7322 eISSN 1524 4539 boxwidth Circulation is a scientific journal published by Lippincott Williams ... ref 2008 saw the appearance of six subspecialty journals. The first edition of Circulation Arrhythmia ... pmid 19808386 ref followed by an edition dedicated to heart failure in May titled Circulation Heart Failure Circ Heart Fail . ref cite journal author Udelson JE title The inaugural issue of Circulation ... per month from July through October 2008. In order of release they were, Circulation Cardiovascular ... issue 1 pages 1 doi 10.1161 CIRCIMAGING.108.793083 ref Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions Circ Cardiovasc Intervent , ref cite journal author Faxon D title Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions ... 1 pages 1 doi 10.1161 CIRCINTERVENTIONS.108.799270 pmid 20031647 ref Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes , ref cite journal author Krumholz H title Circulation ... 1 doi 10.1161 CIRCOUTCOMES.108.814509 pmid 20031779 ref and Circulation Cardiovascular Genetics Circ ... The Inauguration of Circulation Cardiovascular Genetics journal Circ Cardiovasc Genet year 2008 ... access policy All Circulation papers are available for free full text Open access publishing open access ... http circ.ahajournals.org Circulation home page http circep.ahajournals.org Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology home page http circheartfailure.ahajournals.org Circulation Heart Failure home page http circimaging.ahajournals.org Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging home page http circinterventions.ahajournals.org Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions home page http circoutcomes.ahajournals.org Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes home page http circgenetics.ahajournals.org Circulation ... page DEFAULTSORT Circulation Journal Category Cardiology journals Category Publications established ... stub fr Circulation journal nl Circulation ja ... more details
Image hepatic.JPG thumb right Enterohepatic Circulation. Distinguish2 the hepatic portal system which directs nutrient rich blood from the intestines to the liver Refimprove date July 2011 Enterohepatic circulation refers to the circulation of biliary acid s from the liver , where they are produced and secreted in the bile , to the small intestine , where it aids in digestion of fats and other substances, back to the liver. ref name urlSect. 6, Ch. 5 Enterohepatic Circulation of Bile Acids cite web url nowiki http www.lib.mcg.edu edu eshuphysio program section6 6ch5 s6ch5 17.htm nowiki Dead link date July 2011 title Sect. 6, Ch. 5 Enterohepatic Circulation of Bile Acids format work accessdate ref Endogenous bacteria play an important role in enterohepatic circulation. ref name urlMetabolic Activities of the Microflora cite book first1 Sherwood L. last1 Gorbach chapter Microbiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract pmid 21413258 chapterurl http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov books NBK7670 year 1996 editor1 first Samuel editor1 last Baron title Microbiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract edition 4th isbn 0 9631172 1 1 ref Hepatocytes metabolize cholesterol to cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid . These lipid soluble bile acid s are conjugated mainly to glycine or taurine molecules to form water ... are delivered to the duodenum will be recycled by the enterohepatic circulation. Due to the pH ... salts are reabsorbed actively into hepatic portal circulation. Bacteria deconjugate some of the primary ... into hepatic portal circulation. Finally, the conjugated bile acids which remained un ionized conjugated ... escapes the healthy liver into systemic circulation. If bile does escape, jaundice may be observed ... 20 times, often multiple times during a single digestive phase. Drugs Enterohepatic circulation ... in the enterohepatic circulation for a prolonged period of time as a result of this recycling process. See also Enteroenteric circulation References reflist External links GPnotebook 1040580666 Gastrointestinal ... more details
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