Orphan date February 2009 In order to assess intersections turning movement counters TMC s are used to quantify the movement of vehicles through the area. These TMC s are square shaped boxes that have buttons for each direction of traffic flow . For example, east bound traffic entering an intersection has a button for those vehicles that turn, left, right or continue straight. Furthermore, an additional button is used for each direction to add the number of pedestrian and bicyclist movement. Typically automated traffic counters assess traffic flows, however, due to the differing angles of vehicles entering an intersection the present technology available is not able to quantify the traffic without major error. Traditional automated traffic count traffic counters have rubber tubes which are laid out across the road generally in a straight portion in order to have the wheels on the same axle hit at about the same time. When turning in an intersection the tires hit individually and the amount of error in the counter is increased. This means that TMC s are the only present option for quantifying traffic flows. They are used manually by an individual pressing the correlating button for every vehicle that enters and moves through the intersection. TMC s are generally used to determine whether the intersection needs a traffic light . Equations are used to decide whether the volume of the traffic determines that a light is needed. This equation is based on the road classification, entering speed and pedestrian bicyclist movement through the intersection. A total of eight hours of turning movement is generally mandated for this type of assessment. References Murthy, Narasimha & Henry R. Mohle. Transportation Engineering Basics , ASCE Press Category Road traffic management ... more details
Most Civil Defense Geiger Counters and ion chamber survey meters were issued by the governmental Civil Defense organizations in several countries from the 1950s in the midst of the Cold War in an effort to help prepare citizens for a nuclear attack. Although often referred to as geiger counter s, most CD devices were ion chamber radiological survey meters capable of measuring only high levels of radiation that would be present after a major nuclear event. US Models File Victoreen CD V 777 1.Shelter radiation detection kit.overview.jpg thumb Victoreen Civil Defence V 777 1 shelter radiation detection kit overview CD Counters came in a variety of different models, each with specific capabilities. Each of these models has an analog meter from 1 to 5, with 1 10 tick marks. Thus, at X10, the meter reads from 1 to 50. Due to circuit instability, the actual value may be 2 or 3. CD meters were produced by a number of different firms under contract. Victoreen, Lionel, Electro Neutronics, Nuclear Measurements, Chatham Electronics, International Pump and Machine Works, Universal Atomics, Anton Electronic Laboratories Landers, Frary, & Clark El Tronics, Jordan, and Nuclear Chicago are among the many manufacturers contracted.Regardless of producer, most counters exhibit the same basic physical characteristics, albeit with slight variations between some production runs a yellow case with black knobs and meter bezels. Most US meters had a CD sticker on the side of the case. True Geiger Counters CDV 700 Main CD V 700 The CD V 700 is a Geiger counter employing a probe equipped with a Geiger ... wider range of radiation levels than the earlier Geiger counters and ion chamber survey meters combined ... for which Geiger counters will give incorrect readings see above . Survey meters do not read alpha ... counters. Britain manufactured about 20,000 of each of its major types, and is second after the U.S. ... Counters Category Civil defense Category Radioactivity Category Disaster preparedness in the United ... more details
personnel . The first modern mass market wargame, based on cardboard counters and hex board ... have hundreds of counters The Russian Campaign , 225 Squad Leader GI Anvil of Victory GI Anvil of Victory , 856 Terrible Swift Sword game Terrible Swift Sword , 2,000 . Squad Leader had counters of different sizes 520 inch counters and 192 inch, with the different sizes used for different purposes. Boardgame counters are often closely related to military map marking symbols, such as those seen .... Types of counters Representational counters, usually called unit counters, directly represent a unit, individual, vehicle, or weapon. Informational counters don t represent a specific type of character ..., etc. These are sometimes called markers , or system counters for example, a counter used on a turn ... such as turn order. Variations In microgame s, counters were printed on one or more sheets of thick ... with most board wargames. Dragon magazine Dragon Magazine used to include counters printed on a cardstock ... instead of cardboard as the counters to represent pieces, in order to emulate the fog of war by placing the blocks upright to make the information visible to only one of the players . Although counters are typically square, some games use oblong rectangles as counters for individual ships, as in Flying ... possible. The unit counters in Luftwaffe are circular, while one game covering the Eastern Front in World War II had hexagonal counters. DEFAULTSORT Counter Board Wargames Category Board wargames ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 orphan date November 2009 In collectible card game s CCG , particularly in the seminal CCG of Magic The Gathering , a counter is, in game terms, a representation of an effect generated by a card that is in play or has already been played. In physical terms, it is an object that serves said purpose. Effects that involve counters include In games where creatures are used, counters may be used to represent creatures generated by card effects, sometimes referred to as token creatures . Time counters may be placed on a card to act as a countdown timer. Such counters are removed at designated intervals, usually once per the controlling player s turn, and an effect takes place when the final time counter is removed. Accumulation counters can build up, usually at a rate of one counter per the controlling player s turn, until enough counters exist to trigger a card effect. When the effect is triggered, the required number of counters is usually removed. Most cards that accumulate counters can continue to do so as long as the card is in play. None of these uses should be confused with effects that negate or counter , as in counteract cards. Customarily, counters used in CCGs are small, easily carried objects, such as coins, tokens, Bingo US Bingo chips, etc. Various game manufacturers sell tokens specifically intended for use in CCGs, from cheaply made cardboard tokens and glass beads to higher quality metallic tokens. Life counters In CCGs, a life counter refers to any item or device used to keep track of the number of life points possessed by each player used in many games to determine victory . Though items as simple as a Dice Non cubical dice polyhedral die can serve, devices have been made available by game manufacturers for the purpose, usually involving a rotating dial with numbers marked in increments. Some players even use stacks or piles of game counters to keep track of life points. DEFAULTSORT Counter Collectible Card Games Category ... more details
Automatic fish counters are automatic devices for measuring the number of fish passing along a particular river in a particular period of time. Usually one particular species is of interest. One important species studied by fish counters are Atlantic salmon . This species is of interest owing to its ecologically vulnerable status and Fish migration anadromous lifestyles. Methods of operation Fish counters can be divided into three principal types resistive counters, optical counters, and hydroacoustic counters. Resistive counters A resistive counter is associated with an in river structure, such as a Crump weir. ref http www.gunt.de networks gunt sites s1 mmcontent produktbilder 07016033 Datenblatt ... the size and direction of travel of the fish. Fish counters of this type are used widely in Scotland ... around a 97 detection rate. Optical counters An optical counter is also associated with an in river ... the size, profile, and direction of motion of the fish. The performance of optical counters has been determined by studies, under various conditions, to be greater than 90 . Optical counters can also ... disadvantage of optical counters is the small penetration of the beams through the water, restricting ... counters Hydroacoustic counters operate using the principles of sonar . A fish is insonified by a sound ... 90 of the reflection . Hydroacoustic counters do not require in river structures, but require ... counters can be inaccurate. Studies typically indicate detection rates of 50 to 80 , though one ... effectiveness. The lack of a requirement for any in river structure makes the counters an attractive ... basis. Siting counters In river structures Resistivity and particularly optical fish counters require ... within the river may be used for a similar purpose. However for most counters a custom in river .... It is important in these situations, therefore, that counters are placed to count individual populations ... be detected. Alternative methods The results of automatic fish counters can be supplemented, confirmed ... more details
This article is about the card game for the meal see Ambigu meal . Ambigu is a France French card game , composed of the characteristic elements of whist , bouillotte and piquet . A whist pack with the court cards deleted is used, and from two to six persons may play. Each player is given an equal number of counters, and a limit of betting is agreed upon. Gameplay Two cards are dealt, one at a time, to each player, after each has placed two counters in a pool. Each player then either keeps his hand, saying Enough, or takes one or two new cards from the top of the stock after which the stock is reshuffled and cut, and each player receives two more cards, one at a time. The players then either play or pass. If a person plays, he bets a number of counters and the others may equal this bet or raise it. Should no player meet the first bet, the bettor takes back his bet, leaving the pool intact, and receives two counters from the last player who refuses to play. When two or more bet the same number, they again draw cards and pass or play as before. If all pass, each pays a counter to the pool and a new deal ensues. The player betting more than the others call wins the pool. He then exposes his hand and is paid by each adversary according to its value. The hands rank as follows Point, the number of pips on two or more cards of a suit one counter . Prime, four cards of different suits two counters . Grand Prime, the same with the number of pips over 30 three counters . Sequence, a hand containing three cards of the same suit in sequence three counters . Tricon, three of a kind four counters . Flush, four cards of the same suit five counters . Doublet, a hand containing two counting combinations at once, as 2, 3, 4 and 7 of spades, amounting to both a sequence and a flush eight counters . Fredon, four of a kind the highest possible hand , ten or eleven counters, according to the number of pips. Ties are decided by the number of pips. See also Wikisource1911Enc Ambigu Auction ... more details
Cowry shells, seeds or small pebbles used as counters. ref http hindu.com thehindu mag 2006 06 18 ... board with 2 rows and 7 columns. There are a total of 14 cups kuzhi in Tamil language and 146 counters. For the counters in the game, seeds, shells, small stones are all common for use. ref http mat.iitm.ac.in ... counters are placed in each cup except the middle of each row into which only 2 counters are placed. The starting player lifts the counters from any of his holes and, going counter clockwise, distributes ... then continues play from the next cup containing counters. If the last counter falls into a cup with two empty holes beyond, he captures no counters and his turn is over. The next player continues play in the same way, taking counters from any of his cups and going around placing counters in a counter clockwise direction. If, after having a counter dropped into it, a cup contains 6 counters, those ... is over when no counters remain. Once the first round is over players take the counters from their stores and fill as many of their holes as possible with counters. The winner will have a surplus of counters which are kept in his store. The loser of the first round will be unable to fill all of his ... going second. During the game if a player has enough counters to fill any of his rubbish holes back ... to fill any cups with six counters at the end of a round. Objects Tamarind seeds and chozhis ... more details
Seafoam salad , also known as orange salad , is a cafeteria and buffet staple popularized by F. W. Woolworth Company F. W. Woolworth s lunch counters. Seafoam salad is often considered a dessert and is one of many dessert salad s. It is composed of green gelatin , cream cheese , pears , maraschino cherries and whipped cream topping. Orange salad uses orange flavored gelatin instead of lime. Multiple versions of the recipe exist. Variations include substituting crushed pineapple for pears or adding mayonnaise and nuts to the mixture. See also Jello salad Lunch counters External links http www.cooks.com rec search 0,1 51,lime pear jello salad,FE.html Seafoam salad recipes http www.uzoj.com en recipes jello seafoam salad 18096.html Seafoam salad recipe with pineapple vartiation http www.cookingwithellen.com 2007 04 03 orange salad Orange salad recipe Woolworth Food stub Category Desserts Category Woolworth Category Lunch counters ... more details
Atlanta Civil War Campaign Game is an American Civil War board wargame which simulates the Battle of Atlanta . It was published by Guidon Games in 1973 in games 1973 . The game came boxed with a hex grid map and 240 counters. External links bgg 8872 Atlanta Category Board wargames Category American Civil War games board game stub ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2010 Notability date July 2010 Operation Greif was a supplement to the Avalon Hill board game Battle of the Bulge game Battle of the Bulge . It added new rules and provided a colorful set of unit counters, uncut and printed on thin cardstock, which were to be used with the original map. Don Lowry designed the supplement and sold it through his mail order business Lowry s Hobbies . In 1970 copies were sold at a large discount to the International Federation of Wargamers , which included them as a free bonus in its magazine The International Wargamer . Several years later Lowry published a new version with better looking but still uncut counters. External links bgg 9752 Operation Greif Category World War II board wargames ... more details
lines as well. Tally counters have also been used in religion to count prayers, often replacing ... Mantar. Gaudiya Vaishnava Hindus may use tally counters to keep track of the number of times ... Tally Counter for iOS commonscat hand counters Commons category Knitting row counters Category ... more details
Transformers is a 1986 board game , based upon the Transformers toyline by Hasbro . Rules Transformers is a race style game for two to four players. Each player has three transforming robot s as game counters. These robots transform from spacecraft spaceship s to robots. At the start of the game, all counters are placed in the start square, in spaceship mode. Each player is also dealt five cards, bearing numbers and pictures of various Transformers 1 is Motormaster , 2 is Silverbolt , 3 is Cyclonus , 4 is Defensor Transformers Defensor and 5 is Galvatron . On a player s turn, he she throws the dice and moves one of his her counters. When two counters of opposing players land on the same square, a fight ensues. The fight is carried out with cards. Both players place a card face up on the table. The player with the higher card wins. On a draw, the fight is repeated. The losing counter transforms into spaceship mode if not already and moves back to the start square, while the winning counter transforms into robot mode if not already and stays in place. The players then replenish their cards. The only exceptions are certain safe squares on the board, where fights do not happen. The player who first gets all three of his her counters in robot mode to the special energised square at the end of the board wins. Availability The game was released by The Milton Bradley Company Also known as MB Games in the mid 80 s when the Transformers franchise was at its peak. The game was released in at least the following countries Finland Sweden Denmark Norway The Netherlands The United Kingdom External links bgg 28650 The Transformers Game Category Transformers franchise Category Licensed board games Category Race games Category Milton Bradley games game stub Transformers stub ... more details
In computer science , Performance Application Programming Interface PAPI is a portable application programming interface interface in the form of a library computing library to hardware counter hardware performance counters on modern microprocessor s. It is being widely used to collect low level performance metrics e.g. Instruction computer science instruction counts, clock cycle s, cache miss es of computer systems running UNIX Linux operating system s. PAPI provides predefined high level hardware events summarized from popular processors and direct access to low level native events of one particular processor. Counter multiplexing and arithmetic overflow overflow handling are also supported. Operating system support for accessing hardware counters is needed to use PAPI. For example, a Linux kernel Linux x86 kernel has to be patched with a performance monitoring counters driver perfctr http user.it.uu.se mikpe linux perfctr link to support PAPI. See also Performance analysis External links http icl.cs.utk.edu papi index.html Official site http berrendorf.inf.fh brs.de lehre abschlussarbeiten arbeiten 2009 Thesis Fabian Gorsler.pdf Development of a PAPI Backend for the Sun Niagara 2 Processor compu library stub Category Profilers Category Software optimization fr Performance Application Programming Interface ru ... more details
Retail clerk , also known as sales clerk , shop clerk or in the United Kingdom shop assistant , is a service economics service occupation in retail business . A retail clerk obtains or receives merchandise , totals bills, accepts payment, and makes change for customers in retail stores such as drug stores, candy stores, or liquor stores thus, the position may partially overlap with that of cashier . They clean shelves, counters, or tables stock shelves, counters, or tables with merchandise set up advertising display s or arrange merchandise on counters or tables to promote sales stamp, mark, or tag prices on merchandise and obtain merchandise requested by customers or receive merchandise selected by customers. They are expected to answer customers questions concerning location, price, and use of merchandise to total price and tax on merchandise purchased by customers to determine bill and to accept payment, make change, and wrap or bag the merchandise for customers. They may remove and record the amount of cash in register at end of shift. A retail clerk, particularly in a smaller store, may keep record of sales, prepare inventory of stock, or order merchandise. job stub Retailing stub Category Personal care and service occupations Category Retailing ... more details
scattering particle counter diagram. More information about types of particle counters and types of particle detection follow in this article. Applications of particle counters are separated into two primary categories Aerosol particle counters Liquid particle counters Aerosol particle counters Aerosol Particle Counters are used to determine the air quality by counting and sizing the number of particles ... environment. A common controlled environment aerosol particle counters are used is a cleanroom . Cleanrooms ... contamination. Cleanrooms have defined particle count limits. Aerosol particle counters are used ... center 100,000 Liquid particle counters Liquid Particle Counters are used to determine the quality of the liquid ... enough to be used for the designed application. Liquid particle counters can be used to test the quality ..., manufacturing parts, or Injection medicine injectable drugs . Liquid particle counters are also used ... method is specified for particle counters that are used for counting in hydraulic and lubricating fluids. Particle counters are used here to measure contamination of hydraulic oil, and therefore ... no or slow work periods, monitor filter performance etc. Particle counters used for this purpose typically ... onto the digital camera chip. Other types of particle counters Remote Particle Counters Small particle counters that are used to monitor a fixed location typically inside a cleanroom or Minienvironment to continuously monitor particle levels 24 hours day seven days a week. These smaller counters typically do not have a local display and are connected to a network of other particle counters ... exceeded predetermined environmental limits. Remote particle counters are available in several different ... particle counters can have a particle size detection range from 0.1 to 100 micrometres and may .... Manifold particle counters Modified aerosol portable particle counter that has been attached .... Typically less expensive then utilizing remote particle counters, however each tube is monitored ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2008 Subtractive notation is an early form of positional notation used with Roman numerals as a shorthand to replace four or five characters in a numeral representing a number with usually just two characters. Using subtractive notation the numeral VIIII becomes simply IX. LXXXXVIII would become IIC, which is invalid in Roman numerals though. Without subtractive notation, XIV represents the same number as XVI 16 in Arabic numerals . With the introduction of subtractive notation, XIV 14 no longer represents the same number as XVI but rather is an alternate way of writing XIIII. By encoding information about the number into the order of the numerals, subtractive notation transformed the Roman numeral system from a variation of a unary numeral system which used alphabetic characters to represent groupings of tally marks a position independent counting system . This form of notation closely follows Latin language usage, in which the number 18 is pronounced as duodeviginti , meaning two deducted from twenty duo de viginti , and 19 is pronounced undeviginti , meaning one deducted from twenty un de viginti . The very positive advantage of subtractive notation is the reduction of counters needed on an Roman abacus abacus , the calculating devices used by the Romans, and those before them for thousands of years. They did not do arithmetic with their written numerals. They used their numerals only for recording the results of calculations on an abacus. Reduction of counters is also why they used intermediate 5 values, i.e. V, L, and D. The number of counters needed to represent IIIIIIIII, VIIII, and IX are 9, 5, and 2. Subtractive notation reflected the counter positions on an abacus with positive and negative counters on opposite sides of a median line. Category Ancient Rome Category Numeral systems ... more details
Wikify date February 2012 Image with disputed fair use status removed Image IBM logo.svg thumb 128px IBM logo The IBM 602 Calculating Punch http www.tietokonemuseo.saunalahti.fi eng kuva 12 eng.htm photo , introduced in 1946, was an electromechanical calculator capable of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It was programmed using a plugboard control panel and was IBM s first machine that did division. The 602 was available in four models Model 1, Model 2, Model 50, and Model 51. The Series 50 models were low cost versions that ran at a slower speed, with half as many program steps, and fewer storage registers and counters. border 1 cellpadding 2 cellspacing 0 align left Model Machine br Cycles br per Minute Program br Steps 12 Digit br Storage br Units 6 Digit br Counters 4 Digit br Counters Functions align right 1 200 12 6 3 3 , , , align right 2 200 12 6 3 3 , , , align right 50 150 6 4 3 1 , , , align right 51 150 6 4 3 1 , , br clear left Two additional counters were available as an optional feature. Program steps execute in one machine cycle, except for steps performing multiplication or division which take as many machine cycles as needed for the operation. Punching rate is roughly four columns per machine cycle. The total number of machine cycles required per card varies depending on the data and programming. Programming the 602 for each problem involved two things A control panel wired for the sequence of the calculation A Skip Bar with inserts placed for the first column of each field to punch References cite book last IBM title IBM Reference Manual 602 Calculating Punch id A22 0506 1 date January 1960 url http www.bitsavers.org pdf ibm 602 A22 0506 1 602 Jan60.pdf External links http www.columbia.edu acis history 602.html Columbia University Computing History The IBM 602 Calculating Punch Category IBM unit record equipment 602 Category Programmable calculators Category 1946 introductions ... more details
The Maintenance Operation Protocol MOP is used for utility services such as uploading and downloading system software, remote testing and problem diagnosis. It was a proprietary protocol of Digital Equipment Corporation . MOP frames can be one of the following commands memory load data Contains memory load data. mem load request Request fort memory load segment. mem load w addr Memory load with transfer address. par load w addr Parameter load with transfer address. dump service req Request for assistance with dump operation. mem dump request Request for next memory dump segment. memory dump data Contains memory dump data. dump completed Acknowledgment of dump completion. volunteer assist Offer of dump load loop assistance. request program Request for system or loader program. rem boot request Request for boot program. remote ID reqst Request for remote console identification. remote system ID Remote console identification information. counters request Request for communication information counters. counters reply Communication information counters. reserve console Remote console in reserved state. release console Release of remote console from reserved state. rem console poll Poll of remote console for status. rem console rply Response to remote console poll. loopback request Request to loopback enclosed data. loopback reply Response to loopback request with data. See also Reverse Address Resolution Protocol RARP External links http www.protocols.com pbook pdf decnet.pdf Category Digital Equipment Corporation Category System administration Category Booting de Maintenance Operations Protocol ... more details
Restricted Area may refer to A Restricted Area is an area where no one but certain people can enter. Key basketball , a zone on the Basketball court A location in List of locations in the Metroid series Biologic Space Laboratories Metroid A departure area after the customs counters in most of airports . A computer Role playing game RPG game by Master Creating disamb ja uk ... more details
orphan date August 2009 Giuthi is a game played by the Kikuyu people Kikuyu of Kenya , amongst others. It belongs to the Mancala family of games and is played with round counters, such as beans, and two rows of holes in the ground . ref Huxley, E. Red Strangers ref References references External links http mancala.wikia.com wiki Giuthi A detailed description at Mancala World. Category Traditional mancala games Category Kenyan culture Game stub it Giuthi zh ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 A Gamma Counter is a machine to measure gamma radiation emitted by a radionuclide . Up to 300 samples are placed in sealed vials or test tubes, and move along a serpentine track on a horizontal plane. One at a time, they move down inside a shielded detector, set to measure specific energy windows characteristic of the particular isotope. Depending on the half life and concentration of the sample, measurement times vary from 0.02 minute to one minute. Gamma counters are standard tools used in the research and development of new radioactive compounds used for diagnosing and treating disease, as in Positron emission tomography PET scanning . Gamma counters are used in radiobinding assay s ref name perkinelmer http las.perkinelmer.ca content manuals man antidsdnaradiobindingassay.pdf Anti dsDNA & 91 I 125& 93 Radiobinding Assay Kit At PerkinElmer Life Sciences, Inc. Retrieved Jan 2011 ref and in radioimmunoassay s RIA . Units can be programmed to measure many different isotopes and perform over 30 different assay tests. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Gamma Counter Category Particle detectors ... more details
Nuclear electronics is a subfield of electronics concerned with the design and use of high speed electronic systems for nuclear physics and elementary particle physics research, and for industrial and medical use. Essential elements of such systems include fast detectors for charged particles, discriminators for separating them by energy, counters for counting the pulses produced by individual particles, fast logic circuits including coincidence and veto gates , for identification of particular types of complex particle events, and pulse height analyzer s PHA s for sorting and counting gamma rays or particle interactions by energy, for spectral analysis . Elementary components Some of the essential components that make up the elements of a nuclear electronic analysis system include Detectors Preamplifiers Discriminators Coincidence and veto logic gate s. Counters Pulse height analyzers These elements were originally developed and built in the laboratories of the scientists doing the pioneering work in the field, but are nowadays designed, developed, and manufactured by a variety of specialized vendors. See also NIM http courses.washington.edu phys433 index.php Nuclear electronics college class. Category Electronics electronics stub ... more details
Wikify date January 2012 Use British Oxford English date January 2012 ISO 11171 is an international standard for the calibration procedure for liquid particle counter s. As the functionality of hydraulic fluids suffers when contaminated with particles, particle counters are used for contamination control. The particle counter determines the concentration and the size distribution of the particles. Therefore the accuracy of the liquid particle counter has to be established through calibration. According to ISO 11171 for the primary particle sizing calibration NIST SRM 2806 suspension has to be used. In annex F of ISO 11171 preparation of secondary calibration suspension is described. In general ISO 11171 specifies procedures for two different subjects sample preparation sensor calibration particle sizing calibration, coincidence error, resolution and flow rate limit determination etc. References ISO 11171 2010 E Hydraulic fluid power Calibration of automatic particle counters for liquids , ISO 2010, http www.iso.org iso iso catalogue catalogue tc catalogue detail.htm?csnumber 46573 Category ISO standards 11171 de ISO 11171 ... more details
ref Lunch counters were often found in other dimestores, like S. H. Kress , H.L. Green , McLellan ... and Milkshake milkshakes , Soft drink soda , coffee and hot chocolate . There are many lunch counters ... Civil Rights movement Integrating lunch counters in the Southern United States through the use ... truck References reflist 2 External links Commons category Lunch counters DEFAULTSORT Lunch Counter Category Lunch counters Category Restaurant terminology Category History of African American civil ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
