Infobox language family name Cushitic region Horn of Africa familycolor Afro Asiatic iso2 cus child1 ? Beja language Beja North child2 Agaw languages Agaw Central child3 Sidamic languages Sidamic East Highlands child4 ? Dullay languages Dullay child5 ? Yaaku language Yaaku child6 Lowland East Cushiticlanguages East Lowlands child7 ? Dahalo language Dahalo child8 ? South Cushiticlanguages Rift South iso5 cus map map Afroasiatic en.svg The Cushiticlanguages are a branch of the Afroasiatic languages ... . Composition There are eight clearly valid groups of languages which are or have been included in the Cushitic ... of Cushitic. Robert Hetzron Hetzron 1980 70ff and Ehret 1995 have suggested that the Rift languages South Cushitic are a part of Lowland East Cushitic. Citation needed date August 2008 Cushitic was traditionally seen as also including the Omotic languages , then called West Cushitic. However ... show family.asp?subid 90095 Ethnologue entry for Cushiticlanguages Lionel Bender linguist Bender, Marvin ... nations DEFAULTSORT CushiticLanguages Category Afro Asiatic languages Category Cushiticlanguages ... of these specific languages as early as AD 947 in Masudi s Arabic history Meadows of Gold . The most populous Cushitic language is Oromo language Oromo with about 35 million speakers, followed ... with about 2 million speakers. Other languages with more than one million speakers are Hadiyya language ... language , or North Cushitic, is sometimes placed outside Cushitic proper, though there is no evidence that the rest of Cushitic forms a valid group. The positions of the small Dullay languages and Yaaku language Yaaku are uncertain. These have traditionally been assigned to an East Cushitic branch along with Highland East Cushiticlanguages Highland Sidamic and Lowland East Cushiticlanguages Lowland East Cushitic. However, Richard Hayward believes East Cushitic may not be a valid node and breaks ... alive and suggested that Omotic can still be classified as part of Cushitic, Rolf Theil 2006 , in keeping ... more details
suggested that the Rift languages South Cushitic are a part of Lowland East Cushitic, Citation needed ...?subid 90096 Ethnologue entry for East Cushiticlanguages Category East Cushiticlanguages AfroAsiatic ...Infobox language family name Lowland East Cushitic region Ethiopia , Eritrea , Djibouti , Somalia , Kenya familycolor Afro Asiatic fam2 CushiticlanguagesCushitic child1 Saho Afar languages Saho Afar child2 Oromo language Oromo child3 Omo Tana languages Omo Tana perhaps not a single group child4 ? Dahalo language Dahalo child5 ? Rift languages Rift child6 ? Ongota language Ongota The Lowland East Cushiticlanguages comprise two dozen languages of the CushiticlanguagesCushitic family within Afro Asiatic languages Afro Asiatic . They are spoken mainly in Djibouti , Eritrea , Ethiopia , and Somalia , and by Cushitic groups in northern Kenya . Lowland East Cushitic is often grouped with Highland East Cushiticlanguages Highland East Cushitic the Sidamic languages , Dullay languages Dullay , and Yaaku language Yaaku as East Cushiticlanguages East Cushitic , but that group is not well defined and considered dubious. The most prominent Lowland East Cushitic language is Oromo language Oromo , with about 21 million speakers. Other prominent languages include Somali language Somali spoken by ethnic ... Cushitic Tosco 2002 , though the grammatical basis and the other register are Bantu. Unclassified within the Lowland languages are Konso language Komso Dirasha language Gidole and the endangered Boon language Boon . Sav and Tosco 2003 believe Ongota language Ongota is an East Cushitic language with a Nilo Saharan substratum that is, that Ongota speakers shifted to East Cushitic from an earlier Nilo ... branch of Afrasiatic. See also Languages of Ethiopia References Roland Kie ling & Maarten Mous. 2003. The Lexical Reconstruction of West Rift Southern Cushitic. Cushitic Language Studies Volume 21 Tosco, Mauro. 2000. Cushitic Overview. Journal of Ethiopian Studies 33 2 87 121. Sav , Graziano ... more details
East Cushitic morphology, Morphologies of Asian and African Languages , vol. 1, Alan S. Kaye ...Infobox language family name Highland East Cushitic altname Sidamic region Ethiopia familycolor Afro Asiatic fam2 CushiticlanguagesCushitic child1 Burji language Burji child2 Sidamic proper Highland East Cushitic or Sidamic is a branch of the Afroasiatic languages Afroasiatic language family spoken in south central Ethiopia . They are often grouped with Lowland East Cushiticlanguages Lowland East Cushitic , Dullay languages Dullay , and Yaaku language Yaaku as East Cushiticlanguages East Cushitic , but that group is not well defined and considered dubious. The languages are Burji language Burji divergent Sidamo language Sidamo Gedeo language Gedeo Hadiyya language Hadiyya and Libido language Libido Kambaata language Kambaata and Alaba K abeena language Alaba . Except for Burji, they are closely related. Hadiyya and Libido are especially close, as are Kambaata and Alaba. The most populous language is Sidamo language Sidamo , with close to two million speakers. Notes Reflist References http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp?subid 91896 Ethnologue entry for Highland East Cushiticlanguages Hudson, Grover. 1981. The Highland East Cushitic family vine. Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika 3.97 124. Hudson, Grover. 1988. The Highland Cushitic hypothesis. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference of Ethiopian Studies Addis Ababa, 1984 , Taddese Beyene, ed., 693 696. Birmingham, England Elm Press. Hudson, Grover. 1989. Highland East Cushitic Dictionary Kuschitische Sprachstudien 7 . Hamburg Buske. Hudson, Grover. 2005. Highland East Cushiticlanguages, Encyclopedia of Language .... Generating narratives interrelations of knowledge, text variants, and Cushitic focus strategies . Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs, 52. Berlin Mouton de Gruyter. Category East Cushiticlanguages Category Languages of Ethiopia AfroAsiatic lang stub ca Cuix tic oriental de les Terres Altes ... more details
that the Rift languages South Cushitic are a part of Lowland East Cushitic Citation needed date .... The terms South Cushitic and Rift are not quite synonymous The Ma a and Dahalo languages are sometimes included in South Cushitic e.g. Ehret 1980 , but are not considered Rift. The Rift languages ... are poorly attested and, like Dahalo, may be the result of language shift from non Cushiticlanguages. Notes Reflist References BLA EK, V clav. 2005. Current progress in South Cushitic Comparative ... in the West Rift Group of Southern Cushitic. In Cushitic and Omotic Languages, ed. by C. Griefenow Mewis und R. M. Voigt. K ln, 59 70. Kiessling, Roland. 2000. Some salient features of Southern Cushitic Common West Rift . Lingua Posnaniensis 42 69 89 Kiessling, Roland. 2001. South Cushitic links to East Cushitic. In New Data and New Methods in Afroasiatic Linguistics Robert Hetzron in memoriam ed ... Websites http www.ethnologue.org show family.asp?subid 90112 Ethnologue entry for South Cushiticlanguages ... 1887 2734 DEFAULTSORT South CushiticLanguages Category South Cushiticlanguages br Yezho kouchitek ...Infobox language family name South Cushitic altname Rift region Tanzania familycolor Afro Asiatic fam2 CushiticlanguagesCushitic fam3 Lowland East Cushiticlanguages Lowland East Cushitic child1 Rift child2 Dahalo disputed child3 Mbugu disputed The South Cushitic or Rift languages of Tanzania belong to the Afro Asiatic languages Afro Asiatic family. The most numerous is Iraqw language Iraqw , with half ... divergence of Rift from East Cushitic is due to Rift being partially relexified through contact with Khoisan languages , as perhaps evidenced by the unusually high frequency of the ejective affricates ..., Christopher. 1980. The Historical Reconstruction of Southern Cushitic Phonology and Vocabulary . Kolner ... in Southern Cushitic. In Selected Comparative Historical Afrasian Linguistic Studies in memory of Igor ... 122. Kiessling, Roland. 2004. Tonogenesis in Southern Cushitic Common West Rift . In Stress and Tone ... more details
Infobox language family name Somali region Somalia , Ethiopia , Djibouti , Kenya familycolor Afro Asiatic fam2 Cushitic languages Cushitic fam3 Lowland East Cushitic languages Lowland East Cushitic child1 Dabarre language Dabarre child2 Garre language Garre child3 Jiiddu language Jiiddu child4 Maay language Maay child5 Somali language Somali child6 Tunni language Tunni The Somali languages belong to the Afro Asiatic languages Afro Asiatic language family and are spoken by Somali people ethnic Somalis chiefly in Somalia . ref Lewis, M. Paul ed. , 2009. Ethnologue Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Tex. SIL International. Online version http www.ethnologue.com . ref Notes Reflist References http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp?subid 2724 16 Ethnologue entry for Somali languages Category East Cushitic languages AfroAsiatic lang stub Somalia stub so Lahjadaha looga hadlo Soomaaliya ... more details
Infobox language family name Dullay region Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People s Region , Ethiopia familycolor Afro Asiatic fam2 Cushitic languages Cushitic child1 Bussa language Bussa child2 Gawwada language Gawwada child3 Tsamai language Tsamai The Dullay languages belong to the Cushitic languages Cushitic subgroup of the Afro Asiatic languages Afro Asiatic language family and are spoken in Ethiopia . ref http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp?subid 91954 Ethnologue entry for Dullay languages ref Dullay is a dialect continuum consisting of the Bussa language Bussa , Gawwada language Gawwada and Tsamai language Tsamai languages. The name Dullay is derived from the name Dullay speaking groups use for the Weito River . Other terms that have been used for this language family in scientific literature are Werizoid from the former administrative name of the area inhabited by Dullay speakers and Qawko from the word man in Dullay languages . Notes Reflist Further reading Gunter Minker, Herrmann Amborn, Hans J rgen Sasse Das Dullay Materialien zu einer ostkuschitischen Sprachgruppe , Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 1980, ISBN 9783496001058 German Mauro Tosco Gawwada Morphology , in Alan S. Kaye ed. Morphologies of Asia and Africa , 2007, ISBN 9781575061092 External links Category East Cushitic languages Category Languages of Ethiopia AfroAsiatic lang stub Ethiopia stub br Yezho doulayek de Dullay Sprachen hr Dullay jezici ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2009 The Eastern Nilotic languages Eastern and Southern Nilotic languages were formerly widely believed to constitute a single Paranilotic or, earlier, Nilo Hamitic grouping they were believed to have arisen as a sort of mixed language combining Nilotic languages Nilotic modern Western Nilotic languages Western Nilotic and Hamitic in particular, modern CushiticlanguagesCushitic elements. The theory was most strongly associated with the work of Carl Meinhof . However, ever since Joseph Greenberg s reclassification of African languages , they have been considered to be two out of the three independent branches of Nilotic languages Nilotic . DEFAULTSORT Paranilotic Languages Category Nilotic languages ns lang stub ... more details
Infobox language family name Omo Tana region Ethiopia , Djibouti , Somalia , Kenya familycolor Afro Asiatic fam2 Cushitic languages Cushitic fam3 Lowland East Cushitic languages Lowland East child1 Rendille Boni languages Rendille Boni child2 Somali languages Somali child3 Baiso language Baiso child4 Western Omo Tana languages Western Omo Tana Unreferenced date December 2008 The Omo Tana languages belong to the Cushitic languages Cushitic family and are spoken in Ethiopia , Djibouti , Somalia , and Kenya . The most important member is Somali language Somali . There is some debate as to whether the Omo Tana languages form a single group, or whether they are primary branches of Lowland East Cushitic . Category East Cushitic languages AfroAsiatic lang stub de Omo Tana Sprachen ... more details
Infobox language family altname Central Cushitic name Agaw region Ethiopia and central Eritrea familycolor Afro Asiatic fam2 CushiticlanguagesCushitic child1 Awngi language Awngi child2 Bilin language Bilin child3 Qimant language Qimant child4 Xamtanga language Xamtanga The Central Cushitic , or Agaw , Cushiticlanguageslanguages are spoken by small groups in Ethiopia and, in one case, Eritrea . They form the main substratum influence on Amharic language Amharic and other Ethiopian Semitic languages . Classification The Central Cushiticlanguages are classified as follows after Appleyard Awngi language Awngi South Agaw spoken southwest of Lake Tana , much the largest, with over 350,000 speakers dialect Kunfal dialect Kunfal , spoken west of Lake Tana poorly recorded, most likely a dialect of Awngi ref Joswig Mohammed 2011 ref Northern Agaw Blin Xamtanga Blin language Blin North spoken in Eritrea around the town of Keren, Eritrea Keren 70,000 speakers Xamtanga language Xamtanga Central Agaw also called Khamir, Khamta 143,000 speakers in the North Amhara Region Qimant language Qimant Western Agaw nearly extinct, spoken by the Qemant in Semien Gondar Zone dialects Qwara dialect Qwara nearly extinct, spoken by Beta Israel formerly living in Qwara, now in Israel Kayla dialect Kayla extinct, formerly spoken by some Beta Israel , transitional between Qimant and Xamtanga There is a rich literature in Agaw but it is widely dispersed from fascinating mediaeval texts in the Qimant language , now mostly in Israel i museums, to the modern, flourishing and topical in the Bilen language , with its own newspaper, based in Keren, Eritrea Keren , Eritrea . Much historical material is also ... Languages Kuschitische Sprachstudien Cushitic Language Studies Band 24 . K ln R diger K ppe Verlag. Hetzron, Robert 1976 The Agaw Languages. Afroasiatic Linguistics 3,3. p. 31 37 Joswig, Andreas ... Survey Reports 2011 047. References Reflist Category Central Cushiticlanguages AfroAsiatic lang stub ... more details
Infobox language family name Rendille Boni region Kenya familycolor Afro Asiatic fam2 CushiticlanguagesCushitic fam3 Lowland East Cushiticlanguages Lowland East Cushitic fam4 Omo Tana languages Omo Tana child1 Aweer language Aweer child2 Rendille language Rendille The Rendille Boni languages belong to the Afro Asiatic languages Afro Asiatic family and are spoken in Kenya . ref Raymond G. Gordon, Jr, ed. 2005. Ethnologue Languages of the World . 15th edition. Dallas Summer Institute of Linguistics. ref Notes Reflist References http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp?subid 90097 Ethnologue entry for Rendille Boni languages Category Languages of Kenya Category East Cushiticlanguages AfroAsiatic lang stub Kenya stub ... more details
classification Nilotic languages belong to the Nilo Saharan languages Nilo Saharan language family while Cushitic and Semitic languages belong to the Afro Asiatic languages Afro Asiatic language family . Nilotic languages Kunama language Kunama Nara language Nara Cushiticlanguages Beja language ... Asiatic languages Afro Asiatic family East Cushiticlanguages Afar language Afar Saho language Saho Central Cushiticlanguages Blin language Blin Semitic languages North Ethiopic languages South ... group title Articles Related to Languages of Eritrea list Semitic speaking Cushitic speaking Africa in topic Languages of English dialects by continent English official language clickable map Category Languages of Eritrea bn de Sprachen Eritreas fr Langues d rythr e no Spr k ... language spoken on the Dahlak Archipelago Central Semitic languages Arabic language Arabic , mother tongue of the Rashaida people Rashaida Indo European languages Italic languages Romance languages Western Romance languages Italian language Italian , mother tongue of Italian Eritreans See also Demographics ... eritrea languages.htm Languages in Eritrea http www.ethnologue.com show country.asp?name ER Ethnologue ... more details
417. External links http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp?subid 90131 Maa languages on the Ethnologue .... DEFAULTSORT Maa Language Category Agglutinative languages Category Maa languages Category Eastern Nilotic languages Category Languages of Kenya Category Languages of Tanzania ns lang stub br Yezho ... more details
Infobox language family name Saho Afar region Eritrea , Ethiopia , Djibouti familycolor Afro Asiatic fam2 Cushitic languages Cushitic fam3 Lowland East Cushitic languages Lowland East child1 Afar language Afar child2 Saho language Saho The Saho Afar languages belong to the Afro Asiatic languages Afro Asiatic family and are spoken in Eritrea , Ethiopia , and Djibouti . ref Raymond G. Gordon, Jr, ed. 2005. Ethnologue Languages of the World . 15th edition. Dallas Summer Institute of Linguistics. ref Notes Reflist References http www.ethnologue.org show family.asp?subid 91891 Ethnologue entry for Saho Afar languages Category East Cushitic languages Category Languages of Djibouti Category Languages of Eritrea Category Languages of Ethiopia AfroAsiatic lang stub zh ... more details
Proto Afroasiatic language Proto Afroasiatic child1 Semitic languages Semitic group child2 Berber languages Berber group child3 Egyptian language Egyptian child4 Chadic languages Chadic group child5 CushiticlanguagesCushitic group child6 Omotic languages Omotic group inclusion debated ref name ... to include the following branches Berber languages Berber Chadic languages Chadic CushiticlanguagesCushitic Egyptian language Egyptian Omotic languages Omotic Semitic languages Semitic While there is general ... The Afroasiatic languages alternatively Afro Asiatic , also known as Hamito Semitic , ref name Nanjira ... languages. ref name ethnologue.com http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp?subid 52 16 Ethnologue family tree for Afroasiatic languages ref The phylum is spoken by more than 300 million people primarily .... ref http books.google.com books?id PxJrB OKn04C&printsec frontcover PPA27,M1 Languages of the World ... languages are Amharic language Amharic , the national language of Ethiopia , with 18 million native .... ref name ethnologue.com In addition to languages spoken today, Afroasiatic includes several ancient languages, such as Egyptian language Ancient Egyptian , Biblical Hebrew , and Akkadian language ... in classifying languages in the family are either absent or distinctly wobbly Hayward 1995 . Greenberg 1963 and others considered it a subgroup of Cushitic, while others have raised doubts about it being ... convincing proposal is by Sav and Tosco 2003 , namely that Ongota is an East Cushitic language with a Nilo Saharan languages Nilo Saharan substratum . In other words, the Ongota people would appear to have once spoken a Nilo Saharan language but then shifted to speaking a Cushitic language, while retaining ... Beja is sometimes listed as a separate branch of Afroasiatic but is more often included in the Cushitic branch, which has a high degree of internal diversity. Whether the various branches of Cushitic ... there are also many disagreements concerning the internal classification of the Indo European languages ... more details
Infobox language family name Western Omo Tana region Ethiopia , Kenya familycolor Afro Asiatic fam2 CushiticlanguagesCushitic fam3 Lowland East Cushiticlanguages Lowland East Cushitic fam4 Omo Tana languages Omo Tana child1 Arbore language Arbore child2 Daasanach language Daasanach child3 El Molo language El Molo The Western Omo Tana languages belong to the Afro Asiatic languages Afro Asiatic family and are spoken in Ethiopia and Kenya . The El Molo language El Molo language of Kenya is nearly extinct. ref Raymond G. Gordon, Jr, ed. 2005. Ethnologue Languages of the World . 15th edition. Dallas Summer Institute of Linguistics. ref Notes Reflist References http www.ethnologue.org show family.asp?subid 90113 Ethnologue entry for Western Omo Tana languages Category East Cushiticlanguages Category Languages of Ethiopia Category Languages of Kenya AfroAsiatic lang stub Ethiopia stub Kenya stub ... more details
languages . Greenberg 1963 had classified it as the Western branch of Cushiticlanguages ... child1 North Omotic languages North Omotic Kaffa child2 South Omotic languages South Omotic Arii child3 ? Mao languages Mao iso5 omv map Omotic languages german.svg mapcaption The Omotic languages ... Gonga Kefoid Col 2 small Gimojan languages small legend D38D5F Yemsa legend FF8080 Bench Gimira legend FF6600 Chara legend FFAAAA Ometo Col end small Neighboring languages small br Col begin Col 2 legend FFC095 Nilo Saharan Col 2 legend E9C6AF Afro Asiatic Col end The Omotic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic ... Omotic languages, the Roman alphabet for some others. They are fairly agglutinative , ref Raymond G. Gordon, Jr, ed. 2005. Ethnologue Languages of the World . 15th edition. Dallas Summer Institute of Linguistics ... languages North and South Omotic languages South Omotic branches Nomotic and Somotic are universally recognized. The primary debate is over the placement of the Mao languages . Lionel Bender linguist Bender 2000 classifies Omotic languages as follows South Omotic languages South Omotic Aroid Hamer Banna ... languages North Omotic Non Aroid Mao languages Mao Bambassi language Bambassi West Mao Hozo language Hozo , Seze language Seze , Ganza language Ganza Dizoid languages Dizoid Dizi language Dizi , Sheko language Sheko , Nayi language Nayi Gonga Gimojan languages Gonga Gimojan Gonga languages Gonga Kefoid ... Shekkacho Gimojan languages Gimojan Yemsa language Yemsa Ometo Gimira languages Ometo Gimira Bench language Bench Chara language Chara Ometo languages Apart from terminology, this differs from Harold C. Fleming Fleming 1976 in including the Mao languages, whose affiliation had originally been controversial ... languages as a third branch of Omotic, and breaks up Ometo Gimira South Omotic languages South Omotic Mao languages Mao North Omotic languages North Omotic Dizoid languages Dizoid Ta Ne languages Gonga languages Gonga Gimojan languages Gimojan Yemsa language Yemsa Bench language Bench Ometo Chara languages ... more details
Infobox language family name Kuliak altname Rub region northeast Uganda familycolor Nilo Saharan map Kuliak languages.png The Kuliak languages Ik language Ik , Soo language Soo , and Nyang i language Nyang i are spoken by small relict communities in the mountains of northeastern Uganda . Bender 1989 had classified them within the Eastern Sudanic languages , but by Bender 2000 he had separated them out as a peripheral isolate within Nilo Saharan languages Nilo Saharan . Significant influence from Cushitic languages , and more recently Nilotic languages , is observable in the vocabulary and phonology. Bernd Heine and Christopher Ehret have both proposed reconstructions of Proto Kuliak, which Ehret calls Rub . Soo and Nyang i form a subgroup, Western Kuliak, against Ik. Blench notes that Kuliak appears to retain a core of non Nilo Saharan vocabulary, suggesting language shift from an indigenous language like that seen in Dahalo language Dahalo . Nyang i is likely extinct, and Soo is moribund. However, Ik is vigorous, and growing. Internal classification clade label1 Kuliak 1 clade 1 clade 1 Tepes language Tepes Soo 2 Nyangia language Nyangia Nyang i 2 Ik language Ik Teuso References Heine, Bernd 1976 The Kuliak Languages of Eastern Uganda . Nairobi East African Publishing House. Ehret, Christopher 1981 The classification of Kuliak , in ed. Thilo Schadeberg & Lionel Bender linguist Lionel Bender , Nilo Saharan Proceedings of the First Nilo Saharan Linguistics Colloquium, Leiden, September 8 10, 1980 . Dordrecht Foris. Laughlin, C. D. 1975 Lexicostatistics and the mystery of So ethnolinguistic relations in Anthropological Linguistics 17 325 41. Fleming, Harold C. 1982 Kuliak external relations step one in Nilotic Studes Proceedings of the international symposium on languages and history of the Nilotic Peoples, Cologne, January 4 6, 1982 , Vol 2, 423 478. Category Kuliak languages Category Languages of Uganda br Yezho roubek de Kuliak Sprachen es Lenguas kuliak fr L ... more details
languages Egyptian III.C Berber languages Berber III.D CushiticlanguagesCushitic III.D.1 Beja language Northern Cushitic Beja language Beja Bedauye III.D.2 Central Cushiticlanguages Central Cushitic ... language Kemant , Kayla language Kayla , Qwara language Quara III.D.3 East Cushiticlanguages Eastern ... Omotic languages Western Cushitic Yemsa language Janjero , Wolaytta language Wolamo , Zala, Gofa ... language Dime , Gayi, Kerre, Tsamai, Doko, Dollo III.D.5 South Cushiticlanguages Southern Cushitic ...Italic title The Languages of Africa is a 1963 book of essays by Joseph Greenberg , in which he sets forth a genetic classification of African languages that, with some changes, continues to be the most ... as against isolated comparisons between pairs of languages. Only linguistic evidence is relevant ... against previous African linguists notably Carl Meinhof Meinhof who had classified languages on linguistic ... Sudanic languages Western Sudanic , but he changed the subclassification, including Fula language ... Bantu languages Bantu as merely a subfamily of Benue Congo previously termed Semi Bantu . Semitic, Berber, Egyptian, and Cushitic had been generally accepted as members of a Hamito Semitic family, while Chadic languages Chadic , Nilo Hamitic languages Nilo Hamitic , Fulani, and Hottentot language ... linguistics as a result, he renamed the newly reclassified family Afro Asiatic languages Afroasiatic . This has since been emended by changing the status of Western Cushitic , making it an independent ... Hottentot as a member of the Central Khoisan languages. To Khoisan he also added the much more ... used. Within this, he identified a major subgroup termed Chari Nile languages Chari Nile , containing ... Sudanic on a firmer foundation. Finally, he assigned the non Nilo Saharan languages of the Nuba Hills of Kordofan to a single subfamily Kordofanian languages Kordofanian , which together with Niger ... The book classifies Africa s languages into four stocks not presumed to be related, as follows ... more details
is the sole Cushitic language in Sudan. Arabic is Semitic languages Semitic , the Niger Congo family is represented by many of the Kordofanian languages , and Indo European by Domari language Domari Gypsy ...See also Languages of South Sudan File Al Mak Nimir Street Khartoum 002.jpg thumb right 300px Bilingual Arabic English street sign in Khartoum. Sudan is a multilingual country dominated by Sudanese Arabic . In the 2005 constitution of the Republic of Sudan, the official languages of Sudan are literary Arabic and English language English . Languages Approximately 70 languages are native to Sudan. ref name Ethnologue Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. ed. , 2009. Ethnologue Languages of the World, 16th ed. Dallas SIL International. Online version http www.ethnologue.com show country.asp?name SD Languages of Sudan ... from the local languages Rotana languages El Rotana . This has resulted in a variety of Arabic ... Arabia . Other important languages include Beja language Beja sc aka Bedawi along the Red Sea , with perhaps ... Nubian languages along the Nile in the north, with half a million or so speakers. The most ... were the languages of Christian Nubia , and Meroitic language Meroitic the language of the Kingdom of Kush which conquered Egypt. Sudan also has multiple regional sign languages, which are not mutually ... and English as the official languages of Sudan. ref http www.mpil.de shared data pdf inc official electronic version.pdf Sudan constitution of 2005 English version ref Article 8 All indigenous languages of Sudan are national languages and shall be respected, developed and promoted. Arabic is a widely ... shall be the official working languages of the national government and the languages of instruction ... download file view 1547 Language Map of Sudan Huffman, Steve Navboxes title Articles Related to Languages of the Sudan list Africa in topic Languages of English dialects by continent English official language clickable map Category Languages of Sudan Category Demographics of Sudan ar ... more details
Gyeto language Indegen language Iner language Cushitic Agaw languages Awngi language Kunfal language Qimant language Xamtanga language East Cushitic Afar language also in Eritrea and in Djibouti Alaba ...Languages of country Ethiopia official Amharic ref cite web title Ethiopian Constitution url http www.apapeth.org ... at the Ethiopian millennium celebration. There are 90 individual languages of Ethiopia according ... on Ethiopian languages ref some 77 according to the 1994 census . Most belong to the Afro Asiatic languages Afro Asiatic language family Semitic , Cushitic , and Omotic languages Omotic , with Nilo Saharan languages also spoken by the nation s Nilotic ethnic minorities. Charles A. Ferguson proposed .... This language area sprachbund includes the Afro Asiatic languages of Ethiopia, not the Nilo Saharan languages. In 2000, Mauro Tosco questioned the validity of Ferguson s original proposal. There is still ... school instruction, but has been replaced in many areas by local languages such as Oromo language Oromifa ... the right to develop their languages and to establish mother tongue primary education systems. This is a marked ... . Languages According to the 2007 Ethiopian census, the largest first language s are Oromo language ... ref name 2007census Wolaytta language Wolaytta 1,627,784 or 2.21 , ref name 2007census Gurage languages ... 2007census Widely spoken foreign languages include Arabic language Arabic official ref name cia ... language Italian spoken by European minority . Afro Asiatic languages Afro Asiatic languages Ethiopian Semitic languages North Tigrinya language also in Eritrea Ge ez language extinct, liturgical ... Gurage languages Silt e language Ulbareg, Inneqor Wolane language Zay language Outersouth Gafat language extinct Soddo language Muher language Goggot language West Gurage languages Inor language Mesmes ... language also in Somalia Tsamai language Omotic languages Omotic Aari language Anfillo language ... Bare language extinct, maybe Bantu languages Bantu Endangered languages A number of Ethiopian languages ... more details
Kenya stub lang stub Africa in topic Languages of English dialects by continent English official language clickable map Category Languages of Kenya Category Multilingualism Kenya bn fr Langues ... more details
, Semitic languages , Chadic languages and the Cushiticlanguages . The Afro Asiatic Urheimat is uncertain .... Tonal languages are also found in the Omotic, Chadic, and South & East Cushitic branches of Afroasiatic ... in Africa ref cite book title African Languages an Introduction editor last Heine editor first Bernd ... Africa is incredibly rich in language&mdash over 3,000 indigenous languages by some counts, and many ... PR9 accessdate 2011 06 23 ref in several major language family language families Afroasiatic languages ... , and parts of the Sahel Nilo Saharan languages Nilo Saharan is centered on Sudan and Chad disputed validity Niger Congo languages Niger Congo Bantu covers West Africa West , Central Africa Central , and East Africa Southeast Africa Khoe languages Khoe is concentrated in the deserts of Namibia and Botswana Austronesian languages Austronesian on Madagascar . Indo European languages Indo European ... as obscure languages that have yet to be classified. In addition, Africa has a wide variety of sign language s, many of which are language isolates. Several African languages are whistled language whistled or talking drum drummed to communicate over long distances. About a hundred of the languages of Africa are widely used for inter ethnic communication. Arabic language Arabic , Berber languages ... by tens of millions of people. If dialect cluster clusters of up to a hundred similar languages are counted ... diversity of many African countries Nigeria alone has over 500 languages, ref cite web url http ... Languages of the World ref one of the greatest concentrations of linguistic diversity in the world ... developed nowadays are mostly aimed at multilingualism . For example, all African languages are considered languages of the African Union official languages of the African Union AU . 2006 was declared by the African Union as the Year of African Languages . ref http www.sarpn.org.za documents d0001850 ... languages are used on the radio, in newspapers, and in primary school education, and some of the larger ... more details
Central Intelligence Agency ref It is a member of the CushiticlanguagesCushitic branch of the Afro Asiatic languages Afro Asiatic language family, and its nearest relatives are the Afar language Afar and Saho language Saho languages. ref I. M. Lewis, Peoples of the Horn of Africa Somali, Afar and Saho , Red Sea Press 1998 , p.11. ref Somali is the best documented of the Cushiticlanguages, ref ...Languages of country Somalia image Somali map.jpg image size 200px caption Map of Somali language distribution ... QWERTY keyboard image source The languages of Somalia refers to the various spoken forms of communication in Somalia . It includes the nation s official languages, as well as its minority and foreign languages. The term also encompasses the writing systems traditionally used to transcribe those languages. Languages Somali main Somali language File Somlangbooks.jpg thumb left 122px Somali language ... of the Somali Republic The official languages of the Somali Republic shall be Somali Maay and Maxaatiri and Arabic. The second languages of the Transitional Federal Government shall be English and Italian ... areas of Somalia. ref name Dalby Andrew Dalby, Dictionary of languages the definitive reference to more than 400 languages , Columbia University Press 1998 , p.571. ref Arabic main Arabic language ... the Yemeni Arabic Yemeni dialect . ref Andrew Dalby, Dictionary of Languages The Definitive Reference to More Than 400 Languages , Bloomsbury Pub Ltd 1999 , p.25. ref Foreign & minority languages .... It is now most frequently heard among older generations. Other minority languages include Bravanese language Bravanese also known as Chimwiini or Chimbalazi , a variant of the Bantu languages ... s writing . ref http www.nlscorps.org Languages SM.aspx ref Indigenous writing systems developed in the twentieth ... Persian languages, had long been written with the Arabic alphabet. However, this was likely not codified .... External links http www.ethnologue.com show country.asp?name SO Ethnologue Languages of Somalia ... more details
For American languages see Indigenous languages of the Americas Languages of North America Languages of South America Languages of the United States disambig ... more details
Judeo Berber languages Judeo Berber Cushitic Kayla language Kayla Qwara language Qwara , Ka li a ... language German translations. Jewish languages are the various language s and dialect s that developed ... Jews worldwide spoke the local or dominant languages of the regions they migrated to, often developing distinctive dialect al forms or branching off as independent languages. The usual course of development for these languages was through the addition of Hebrew language Hebrew words and phrases used ... communities, many Jewish languages retained archaic vocabulary and linguistic structures of the language ... language. Among the most widely spoken Jewish languages to develop in the diaspora are Yiddish language Yiddish , Ladino language Ladino , and the Judeo Arabic languages Jud o Arabic group of languages ... ancient and distinct Jewish languages, including Gruzinic , Judeo Arabic languages Judeo Arabic ... spoken by the largest number of Jews in the 1850s, but today the three most commonly spoken languages ... links jewishlangs.asp title Jewish Languages accessdate 2008 07 03 publisher Beth Hatefutsoth ... emigrated to far flung countries, and as the languages of the countries they were in changed, they often adopted the local languages, and thus came to speak a great variety of languages. During the early ... Ages, most Jewish literary activity was carried out in Jud o Arabic languages Judeo Arabic , which ... often became so different from the parent languages as to constitute new languages, typically with a heavy .... Thus were formed a variety of languages specific to the Jewish community perhaps the most notable ... to the formation of dialects that often developed and diverged to form separate languages. At the beginning ... , Turkey , Bulgaria and Greece smaller groups in Europe spoke such languages as Judeo Italian languages Judeo Italian , Yevanic language Yevanic , or Karaim language Karaim . The Jews of the Arab world spoke Judeo Arabic languages Judeo Arabic varieties, while those of Iran spoke Dzhidi language ... more details
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