Multiple issues expert January 2011 lead rewrite January 2011 The Lewis offset is a term for the portion of the central groove on a permanent mandibular first molar which lies between the two central pits. It lies at an angle to the mesio distal axis of the tooth, and causes the mesial portion of the central groove to be located further buccally than the distal portion. This bucco lingual shift correlates with a relative difference in size between the mesial and distal cusps on these teeth the mesiolingual cusp is larger than the mesiobuccal cusp, but the distobuccal cusp is larger than the distolingual cusp. It also allows for the buccal groove to be located mesial to the lingual groove which is mandatory to accommodate the relative sizes of the three cusps on the buccal and two cusps on the lingual of the occlusal surface of the tooth. The offset is named for Dr. Christopher S. Lewis, a Mercer Island, WA dentist and longtime faculty member in Dental Anatomy at the University of Washington School of Dentistry . File DrawingofMand1stMolar.jpg References reflist Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson, 2003. Wheeler s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition. Tooth anatomy DEFAULTSORT Lewis Offset Category Teeth dentistry stub nl Eerste molaar pt Primeiro molar inferior ... more details
Curve of spee Cusp dentistry CuspCusp of Carabelli ... tongue Georg Carabelli George S. Long Gerald Cardinale ... T Talon cusp Taste Taste bud Taurodontism ... more details
The enamel cord , also called enamel septum , is a localization of cell biology cells on an enamel organ that appear from the outer enamel epithelium to an enamel knot . The function of the enamel cord and the enamel knot is not known, but they are believed to play a role in the placement of the first cusp dentistry cusp tooth development developed in a tooth . References cite book last Ross, Michael H. coauthors Gordon I. Kaye, and Wojciech Pawlina title Histology A Text and Atlas year 2003 edition 4th ed. publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins location Philadelphia, Pa. isbn 0 683 30242 6 cite book last Ten Cate first Richard title Oral Histology Development, Structure, and Function year 1998 edition 5th ed. publisher Mosby location St. Louis, Mo. isbn 0 8151 2952 1 Category Parts of tooth ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image Bracket.GIF thumb 250px Bracket turn diagram A bracket turn is a kind of one foot turn in figure skating . The transition between edges during the turn is the same as for a three turn for example, forward inside edge to back outside edge but unlike a 3 turn three turn , in which the cusp of the turn points into the curve of the arc on which it is skated, a bracket turn is counterrotated so that the cusp points outward. The tracing of the turn on the ice resembles a curly bracket . Brackets are considered advanced turns in figure skating, and commonly appear only in step sequences instead of as a simple means of changing direction. Figure skating DEFAULTSORT Bracket Turn Category Figure skating elements Figure skating stub ... more details
In the knot theory mathematical theory of knots , the Thurston Bennequin number , or Bennequin number , of a front diagram of a Legendrian knot is defined as the writhe of the diagram minus the number of right cusp singularity cusp s. It is named after William Thurston and Daniel Bennequin. The maximum Thurston Bennequin number over all Legendrian representatives of a knot is a topological knot invariant . References http katlas.math.toronto.edu wiki Maximal Thurston Bennequin number Maximal Thurston Bennequin number at The Knot Atlas cite journal author Lee Rudolph title The slice genus and the Thurston Bennequin invariant of a knot journal Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society volume 125 pages 3049&ndash 3050 year 1997 id MathSciNet id 1443854 doi 10.1090 S0002 9939 97 04258 5 Category Knot theory knottheory stub ... more details
Refimprove date December 2007 Image Tooth Picturewlabels.jpg thumb 250px Right upper molar showing the four main upper molars cusps The hypocone is the name for a main cusp dentistry cusp found on the Molar tooth molars of the upper dentition of hominids . It is found on the distal lingual side of the tooth. It fits into the grooves of the lower dentition and is an adaptation for the overall grinding and tearing of foods using the Occlusion dentistry occlusal chewing side of the tooth surface during occlusion or mastication chewing . Its strength is due to the thickness of the Tooth enamel enamel which differs among species of hominids. The hypocone has apparently independently evolved 20 in mammals. ref name The hypocone as a key innovation in mammalian evolution http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc articles PMC40683 ref references Category Teeth dentistry stub ca Hipocon ... more details
image Tooth Picturewlabels.jpg thumb 500px right Right upper molar showing the four main upper molars cusps. The protocone is a cusp dentistry cusp of the molars of the upper dentition in Placental and Marsupial vertebrates ref Gavin Prideaux, Systematics and Evolution of the Sthenurine Kangaroos April 1, 2004 . UC Publications in Geological Sciences. Paper vol 146. http repositories.cdlib.org ucpress ucpgs vol 146 p.16 ref .It is found at the mesiolingual area of the tooth. The crests between the cusps are adaptations for slicing food during occlusion dentistry occlusion or mastication chewing . Other cusps of the upper dentition of hominids include the paracone , hypocone , and the metacone . References references Category Parts of tooth dentistry stub ... more details
File Carl Hodges Cusp Conference 2008.jpg thumb Carl Hodges presenting at Cusp Conference 2008, Chicago, IL Carl N. Hodges is an United States American Atmospheric physics atmospheric physicist and founder of the Seawater foundation . He is the main driving force behind ideas of using sea canals to Irrigation irrigate Desert deserts . The idea is to grow sea farms in the artificial sea canals using plants like salicornia and mangrove , and introducing fish and shrimp. This is thought to be able to resurrect ecosystems, create jobs, wealth and food sources. This has been proposed as a solution for starvation and even being able to counter the effects of global warming and rising sea levels. References http www.vanityfair.com politics features 2007 04 hodges200704 http edition.cnn.com 2008 TECH science 10 01 carl.hodges.q.a index.html External links http www.seawaterfoundation.org http www.globalseawater.com https www.cuspconference.com videos.php?section Cusp 2009 presenters 2008.php?section Carl Hodges Presenting at Cusp Conference 2008 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Hodges, Carl ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Hodges, Carl Category American physicists Category Atmospheric scientists Category Living people US physicist stub ... more details
Refimprove date February 2007 In astrology , the Imum Coeli Latin for bottom of the sky , IC , is the point in space where the ecliptic crosses the meridian in the north, exactly opposite the Midheaven . It marks the angular house fourth house Cusp astrology cusp in most House astrology house systems this is reversed in the southern hemisphere . Astrological significance The Imum Coeli is said to refer to our roots and also to the least conscious part of ourselves. It symbolizes foundations, beginnings in life, what may have been experienced through parental inheritance and homeland influences, need for security and relationships with the home and family life. It also may describe the circumstances that we will encounter at the end of our lives. Because this house was the most distant point possible from the visible part of the horoscope , Hellenistic astrologers considered the IC to be the home of the underworld, or Hades . In many cases the IC refers to a parent &mdash traditionally, the father . Modern astrologers may use the IC as a significator for the mother , or for both parents. There is no consensus in modern usage for which parent is best represented by the IC. The point is moot for Hellenistic astrologers who considered the Angular house fourth house the house of the father, but did not use the Imum Coeli as the cusp of the fourth house. Using the natural houses system see cadent houses and modern quadrant house systems in which the IC is the cusp of the Angular house fourth house , some modern astrologers see a correspondence between the fourth house and the astrological sign Cancer . However, traditional astrologers, using whole sign houses, never made this connection. In whole sign house systems the signs and houses have the same boundaries hence the Imum Coeli can actually appear in the cadent houses third house , the angular house fourth house or succedent houses fifth house in cases of extreme terrestrial latitude , it may even fall in the succedent ... more details
Robert A. Metzger born 1956 is an electrical engineer and science fiction author. He was a Nebula Award finalist in the novel category in 2002 for his second novel, Picoverse . Metzger began writing science fiction stories as a child, but it was not until 1987 that he sold his first science fiction short story. He published his first novel, Quad World , in 1991. It was not until 2002 that he published Picoverse he published his third and most recent novel, Cusp novel Cusp , in 2005. Metzger s works are widely considered hard science fiction. Greg Bear called him one of our most ambitious writers of high tech, hard physics science fiction. Metzger holds a B.S., an M.S., and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from UCLA . He is co founder of the technical journal Compound Semiconductor , and has authored over a hundred professional research papers. He has also written several articles on science for a popular audience for Wired magazine Wired magazine, and has published speculative studies involving climate engineering and space propulsion, co authored with fellow scientist science fiction novelists Gregory Benford and Geoffrey Landis , respectively. Metzger is also active with the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America SFWA . Works Cusp novel Cusp Science Fiction . Published by Ace, 2005. ISBN 0 441 01241 8. Picoverse Science Fiction . Published by Ace, 2002. ISBN 0 441 00899 2. Quad World Science Fiction . Published by New American Library, 1991. ISBN 0 451 45057 4. External links http www.rametzger.com Robert A. Metzger personal website http www.dpsinfo.com awardweb nebulas 00s.html 2002 2002 Nebula Award finalists isfdb name id Robert A. Metzger Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Metzger, Robert ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1956 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Metzger, Robert Category 1956 births Category Living people Category American science fiction writers Category University of California, Lo ... more details
wiktionary banker Banker may refer to Surname Ashok Banker Mark Banker Mark Banker writer Mark Banker Other Bank engine or helper engine, a locomotive that helps other engines up steep hills. The Banker journal , an industry publication The Banker Deal or No Deal UK , the antagonist on the game show Deal or No Deal The Banker The Office , an episode of the sixth season of the television show The Office The Bankers Book , economist writer Martin Mayer 1975 book about the banking industry on the cusp of deregulation. disambig de Banker ... more details
Wiktionary Pinna can refer to pinna anatomy Pinna anatomy , the outer part of the ear also referred to as the auricle Pinna genus Pinna genus , a genus of bivalve molluscs also known as pen shells In botany the pinnae are the divisions of a compound frond , analogous to the leaflets of a compound leaf A part cusp of a crown pinnae People Christophe Pinna , a French martial artist Giovanni Pinna , a paleontologist and describer of the Triassic reptile Drepanosaurus Places Rosh Pinna , a settlement in Israel disambig de Pinna fr Pinna ... more details
Behavior change can refer to any transformation or modification of human behavior . It may also refer to Behavior change public health , a broad range of activities and approaches which focus on the individual, community, and environmental influences on behavior Behavior change, a rapid and involuntary change of behavior associated with a mental disorder See also Behavior modification Behavior management Behavioral cusp disambig Category Behavior ... more details
Expert subject mathematics date March 2011 File Cubic with double point.svg thumb right 300px A crunode at the origin of the curve defined by y sup 2 sup x sup 2 sup x 1 0 In mathematics , a crunode archaic or node is a point where a curve intersects itself so that both branches of the curve have distinct tangent lines at the point of intersection. For a plane curve, defined as the locus of points f x , y 0, where f x , y is a smooth function of variables x and y ranging over the real numbers, a crunode of the curve is a singularity theory singularity of the function f , where both partial derivatives math partial f over partial x math and math partial f over partial y math vanish. Further the Hessian matrix of second derivatives will have both positive and negative eigenvalues . See also Singular point of a curve Acnode Cusp singularity Cusp Tacnode Saddle point Category Curves Category Algebraic curves geometry stub eo Sinsekco kurbo sl Dvojna to ka ... more details
significance. Seventh house The seventh house, of which the cusp is often but not always the Descendant ... , Reston, VA, 1997 , pp. 28 29. ref Tenth house The tenth house, of which the cusp is often but not always ... more details
no footnotes date September 2008 Image Basic cusp.jpg thumb 320px A beach cusp Beach cusps are shoreline ... they can occur with sediment of any size. They nearly always occur in a regular pattern with cusp s of equal ... once an oncoming wave hits the horn of a beach cusp it is split and forced into two directions ... back out to sea where they are met by incoming waves. Therefore, once the cusp is established ... forms the cusps as the areas with high erosion become the embayments of the cusp and the areas with low ... account for the initial formation of the cusp and not their continued growth afterwards because as the cusp ... a well formed cusp. As the wave strikes the beach, it will first come into contact with the cusp ... is that this method of cusp formation would take time and if you were observing their formation ... cusp formation is associated with the presence of standing edge waves standing edge wave theory , results ... studies, published over the last 50 years to test the predictions of the two main cusp forming hypotheses ... link between cusp development and both edge waves and swash sediment feedback, and that it is not possible ... Carolina Duck , North Carolina to determine the timing of cusp formation to within half a day and the distances separating consecutive cusp horns to within half a metre . Supplementary data provided ... during cusp development. These extensive observations conclusively demonstrate that cusps at this location ... as the wave angle approaches normal incidence. A peculiar suggestion of historisis within the cusp spacing time series was observed and may suggest that existing theories of cusp formation need to be reformulated. ref http www7440.nrlssc.navy.mil abstract 2026.htm Beach Cusp Formation and Spacings ... Morphodynamic Impact of Sea Breeze Activity on a Beach with Beach Cusp Morphology http www.agu.org pubs crossref 2003 2002JC001496.shtml AGU Test of self organization in beach cusp formation http adsabs.harvard.edu ... model for beach cusp formation and development coastal geography DEFAULTSORT Beach Cusps Category ... more details
a is sometimes called the tipping point . br style clear both Cusp catastrophe math V x 4 ax 2 bx , math table align right border 0 cellpadding 0 tr td colspan 2 Image cusp catastrophe.svg frame 320px Diagram of cusp catastrophe, showing curves brown, red of x satisfying dV dx 0 for parameters ... the cusp locus of bifurcations blue , for each point a , b in parameter space there is only one extremising value of x . Inside the cusp, there are two different values of x giving local minima of V x for each a , b , separated by a value of x giving a local maximum. td tr tr valign top td Image cusp shape.svg frame 160px Cusp shape in parameter space a , b near the catastrophe point, showing the locus ... nowrap b 0 td tr table The cusp geometry is very common, when one explores what happens to a fold ... solution will suddenly jump to an alternate outcome. But in a cusp geometry the bifurcation ... smaller and smaller, until above nowrap a 0 they disappear altogether the cusp catastrophe , and there is only ... system passes to nowrap a < 0 through the cusp point 0,0 an example of spontaneous symmetry breaking . Away from the cusp point, there is no sudden change in a physical solution being ... solution becomes available. A famous suggestion is that the cusp catastrophe can be used to model ... and external stresses. The model of the structural fracture mechanics is similar to the cusp catastrophe .... Zeitschrift f r Physikalische Chemie Neue Folge 166, 79 91 1990 . Fold bifurcations and the cusp ..., which meet in two lines of cusp bifurcations, which in turn meet at a single swallowtail ... maximum of the potential function disappear. At the cusp bifurcations, two minima and one maximum ... of the surfaces of fold bifurcations, and the two lines of cusp bifurcations where they meet for a 0 ..., the 2 surfaces of cusp bifurcations, and the lines of swallowtail bifurcations all meet up and disappear, leaving a single cusp structure remaining when a 0 Potential functions of two active variables ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin GraySubject GrayPage Image Mandibular first premolars01 01 06.png Caption Mandibular first premolars of permanent teeth marked in red. There are no premolars in Deciduous teeth primary teeth . Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber The mandibular first premolar is the tooth located laterally away from the midline of the face from both the mandibular canine s of the mouth but mesial toward the midline of the face from both mandibular second premolar s. The function of this premolar is similar to that of canines in regard to tearing being the principal action during mastication , commonly known as chewing. Mandibular first premolars have two cusp dentistry cusp s. The one large and sharp is located on the buccal side closest to the cheek of the tooth. Since the lingual cusp located nearer the tongue is small and nonfunctional which refers to a cusp not active in chewing , the mandibular first premolar resembles a small canine. There are no deciduous teeth deciduous baby mandibular premolars. Instead, the teeth that precede the permanent teeth permanent mandibular premolars are the deciduous mandibular molars. Sometimes, premolars are referred to as bicuspids . Even though the terms are synonymous, bicuspid refers to having two functional cusps, and the mandibular first premolar is an example of a premolar with only one functional cusp. Thus, biscupid is technically not as accurate as premolar . In the Universal numbering system dental universal system of notation , the permanent mandibular premolars are designated by a number. The right permanent mandibular first premolar is known as 28 , and the left one is known as 21 . In the Palmer notation , a number is used in conjunction with a symbol designating in which quadrant the tooth is found. For this tooth, the left and right first premolars would have the same number, 4 , but the right one would have the symbol, , over it, while the left one wou ... more details
In number theory , cuspidal representations are certain group representation representations of algebraic groups that occur discretely in math L 2 math spaces. The term cuspidal is derived, at a certain distance, from the cusp form s of classical modular form theory. In the contemporary formulation of automorphic representation s, representations take the place of holomorphic functions these representations may be of adelic algebraic group s. When the group is the general linear group math operatorname GL 2 math , the cuspidal representations are directly related to cusp forms and Maass form s. For the case of cusp forms, each Hecke eigenform newform corresponds to a cuspidal representation. Formulation Let G be a reductive group reductive algebraic group over a number field K and let A denote the adele group adele s of K . Let Z denote the center of a group centre of G and let be a continuous mathematics continuous character mathematics unitary character from Z K Z A sup × sup to C sup × sup . Fix a Haar measure on G A and let L sup 2 sup sub 0 sub G K G A , denote the Hilbert space of measurable function measurable complex valued functions, f , on G A satisfying f g f g for all G K f gz f g z for all z Z A math int Z mathbf A G K backslash G mathbf A f g 2 ,dg infty math math int U K backslash U mathbf A f ug ,du 0 math for all unipotent radical s, U , of all proper parabolic subgroup s of G A . This is called the space of cusp forms with central character on G A . A function occurring in such a space is called a cuspidal function . This space is a unitary representation of the group G A where the group action action of g G A on a cuspidal function f is given by math g cdot f x f xg . math The space of cusp forms with central character decomposes into a direct sum of Hilbert spaces math L 2 0 G K backslash G mathbf A , omega hat bigoplus pi,V pi m pi V pi math where the sum is over irreducible representation irreducible subrepresentation s ... more details
Infobox Painting image file Gentile da Fabriano 070.jpg title Quaratesi Polyptych image size 180px artist Gentile da Fabriano year 1425 type Tempera on panel height width museum National Gallery, London , Uffizi Gallery , Florence, and Pinacoteca Vaticana , Rome The Quaratesi Polyptych is a painting by the Italian late medieval painter Gentile da Fabriano , now divided between several museums. It was painted by the artist for the Quaratesi family s chapel in the church of San Niccol Oltrarno , perhaps not a long time after the Strozzi Altarpiece . Today four of the five original compartments including the painted cusp are known, as well as some parts of the predella which has scenes of the Life of St. Nicholas Madonna with Child and Angels with, in the cups, Angels and a medallion of the Redeemer central compartment , 222.70 x 83 cm, The Royal Collection, Hampton Court, stored at the National Gallery, London St. Mary Magdalene , with cusp left compartment , 200 x 60 cm, Uffizi, Florence St. Nicholas of Bari , with cusp left compartment , 200 x 60 cm, Uffizi, Florence St. John the Baptist , with cusp right compartment , 200 x 60 cm, Uffizi, Florence St. George , with cusp right compartment , 200 x 60 cm, Uffizi, Florence Predella Birth of St. Nicholas , 36.5 x 36.5 cm, Pinacoteca Vaticana, Rome The Gift of St. Nicholas , 36.5 x 36.5 cm, Pinacoteca Vaticana, Rome St. Nicholas Saving a Ship from the Tempest , 36.5 x 36.5 cm, Pinacoteca Vaticana, Rome Birth of St. Nicholas , 39 x 62 cm, Pinacoteca Vaticana, Rome St. Nicholas Saves Three Youths from the Brine , 36.5 x 36.5 cm, Pinacoteca Vaticana, Rome Miracle of the Pilgrims at St. Nicholas Tomb , 36.5 x 36.5 cm, National Gallery of Art , Washington, D.C. Reconstruction div style border collapse collapse border 1px solid padding 10px width 720px text align center align center File White box 60x70.png 53px File White box 60x70.png 53px rowspan 2 File Gentile da Fabr ... more details
Infobox Olympics Uruguay games 1988 Summer competitors 15 14 men and 1 woman sports 8 flagbearer Uruguay competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul , South Korea Korea . Results by event Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics Athletics Claudia Acerenza Boxing at the 1988 Summer Olympics Boxing Daniel Freitas Juan Montiel Cycling at the 1988 Summer Olympics Cycling Jos Asconegui Alcides Echeverri Federico Moreira Gymnastics at the 1988 Summer Olympics Gymnastics Germ n Tozdjian Modern pentathlon at the 1988 Summer Olympics Modern Pentathlon Men s Individual Competition Alejandro Michelena &mdash 3790 pts 62nd place Men s Team Competition Alejandro Michelena &mdash 3790 pts 25th place Rowing at the 1988 Summer Olympics Rowing Jes s Posse Sailing at the 1988 Summer Olympics Sailing Heber Ansorena Horacio Carabelli Luis Chiapparro Alejandro Ferreiro Bernd Knuppel Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics Swimming Men s 100m Freestyle Carlos Scanavino Heat &ndash 52.52 did not advance, 39th place Men s 200m Freestyle Carlos Scanavino Heat &ndash 1 51.42 did not advance, 19th place Men s 400m Freestyle Carlos Scanavino Heat &ndash 3 54.86 B Final &ndash 3 54.36 12th place References http www.montevideo.com.uy noticia 11664 1.html Montevideo.com http www.sports reference.com olympics countries URU summer 1988 sports reference br NOCin1988SummerOlympics Category Nations at the 1988 Summer Olympics Category Uruguay at the Olympics 1988 Category 1988 in Uruguay de Olympische Sommerspiele 1988 Teilnehmer Uruguay no Uruguay under Sommer OL 1988 pt Uruguai nos Jogos Ol mpicos de Ver o de 1988 ru 1988 th 1988 ... more details
Infobox Country World Championships in Athletics year 2007 code ITA natfed Federazione Italiana di Atletica Leggera website competitors 36 21 men and 15 women gold 0 silver 2 bronze 1 Italy was represented by 36 athletes at the 2007 World Championships in Athletics . Their 36 strong delegation was Italy s smallest since 1983 World Championships in Athletics 1983 . Andrew Howe long jump , Antonietta Di Martino high jump and walkers such as Ivano Brugnetti and Alex Schwazer were the main medal hopes. Howe, Di Martino and Schwazer won Italy s two silver and bronze medals. Men 100 m, 4x100m Simone Collio and Rosario La Mastra 4x100m Fabio Cerutti , Maurizio Checcucci , Koura Kaba Fantoni , Rosario La Mastra and Jacques Riparelli 400m Andrea Barberi 1500m Christian Obrist 400m hurdles Gianni Carabelli High jump Andrea Bettinelli and Nicola Ciotti Long jump Andrew Howe Triple jump Fabrizio Donato Discus Hannes Kirchler Hammer Nicola Vizzoni 20km walk Ivano Brugnetti and Giorgio Rubino 50km walk Alex Schwazer , Diego Cafagna and Marco De Luca Marathon Migidio Bourifa Women 400m Daniela Reina 800m, 1500 Elisa Cusma 5000m Silvia Weissteiner 3000m steeplechase Elena Romagnolo High jump Antonietta Di Martino Triple jump Magdelin Martinez Shot Put Assunta Legnante and Chiara Rosa Hammer Clarissa Claretti Javelin Zahra Bani 20km walk Elisa Rigaudo Marathon Lucilla Andreucci , Anna Incerti , Deborah Toniolo and Giovanna Volpato 2007 World Championships in Athletics Participating Nations Category Nations at the 2007 World Championships in Athletics Category 2007 in Italy World Championships in Athletics athletics stub it Squadra italiana ai campionati del mondo di atletica leggera del 2007 ... more details
Expand German Moriz Heider date February 2011 Moriz Heider June 21, 1816, Vienna July 29, 1866, Vienna was an Austrians Austrian dentist who was born in Vienna . He studied medicine in Vienna , where he was an assistant to Georg Carabelli 1787 1842 . In 1858 he became an associate professor at the University of Vienna . Heider was a pioneer of modern dentistry , and is remembered for introducing electrosurgery Galvanokaustik into dentistry. He is also credited for being the first dentist in German speaking countries to use a procedure called Goldh mmerf llungen , a technique used for installing gold fillings. In 1861 he founded the Vereins sterreichischer Zahn rzte Austrian Association of Dentists , which today is known as the sterreichische Gesellschaft f r Zahn , Mund und Kieferheilkunde or GZMK Austrian Society of Oral and maxillofacial surgery Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery . With histopathology histopathologist Carl Wedl 1815 1891 , he was co author of the highly regarded Atlas zur Pathologie der Z hne , which was later translated into English and published as Atlas to the Pathology of the Teeth . After Heider s death in 1866, his pioneer work in dentistry was continued by his colleague Adolf Zsigmondy 1816 1880 . References http translate.google.com translate?hl en&sl de&u http de.wikisource.org wiki ADB Heider, Moriz&sa X&oi translate&resnum 6&ct result&prev search 3Fq 3D 2522Heider, 2BMoritz 2522 26start 3D20 26hl 3Den 26sa 3DN translated biography Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie Seealso Heider Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Heider, Moriz ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH June 21, 1816 PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna DATE OF DEATH July 29, 1866 PLACE OF DEATH Vienna DEFAULTSORT Heider, Moriz Category 1816 births Category 1866 deaths Category 19th century Austrian people Category 19th century dentists Category Austrian dentists Category University of Vienna faculty Category People from Vienna Austria academic bio stub Austria med ... more details
The maxillary first premolar is one of two Tooth human teeth located in the upper jaw, laterally away from the midline of the face from both the maxillary canine s of the mouth but mesial toward the midline of the face from both maxillary second premolar s. The function of this premolar is similar to that of canines in regard to tearing being the principal action during mastication , commonly known as chewing. There are two cusp dentistry cusp s on maxillary first premolars, and the buccal closest to the cheek cusp is sharp enough to resemble the prehensile teeth found in carnivorous animals. There are baby maxillary premolars. At the age of ten to eleven the maxillary canine falls out and makes the first premolars loose on surface for it to fall out. Normally it will take three years for an adult premolar part to grow. In the Universal numbering system dental universal system of notation , the permanent maxillary premolars are designated by a number. The right permanent maxillary first premolar is known as 5 , and the left one is known as 12 . In the Palmer notation , a number is used in conjunction with a symbol designating in which quadrant the tooth is found. For this tooth, the left and right first premolars would have the same number, 4 , but the right one would have the symbol, , underneath it, while the left one would have, . The international notation has a different numbering system than the previous two, and the right permanent maxillary first premolar is known as 14 , and the left one is known as 24 . References Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson, 2003. Wheeler s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition. Teeth toothpicture Image Maxillary first premolars01 01 06.png text Maxillary first premolars of permanent teeth marked in red. There are deciduous and permanent premolars. Category Types of teeth musculoskeletal stub dentistry stub bs Prvi predkutnjak gornja vilica ja pt Primeiro pr molar superior sr fi Ylem ... more details
Other uses Vertex disambiguation Image Ellipse evolute.svg right thumb 240px An ellipse red and its evolute blue . The dots are the vertices of the curve, each corresponding to a cusp on the evolute. In the geometry of curve s, a vertex is a point of where the first derivative of curvature is zero. This is typically a local Maxima and minima maximum or minimum of curvature. Other special cases may occur, for instance when the second derivative is also zero, or when the curvature is constant. For a circle which has constant curvature, every point is a vertex. The four vertex theorem states that every closed curve must have at least four vertices. Vertices are points where the curve has Contact mathematics Contact between curves 4 point contact with the osculating circle at that point. The evolute of a curve will generically have a cusp singularity cusp when the curve has a vertex. Other, more degenerate and non stable singularities occur at higher vertices. Higher vertices generically occur in a one parameter family of curves when two ordinary vertices coalesce to form a higher vertex after which they annihilate. The symmetry set has endpoints at the cusps corresponding to the vertices, and the medial axis , a subset of the symmetry set , also has its endpoints in the cusps. If a curve is reflection symmetry bilaterally symmetric , it will have a vertex at the point or points where the axis of symmetry crosses the curve. Thus, the notion of a vertex for a curve is closely related to that of an vertex optics optical vertex , the point where an optical axis crosses a Lens optics lens surface. Vertices of a conic section A hyperbola has two vertices, one on each branch they are the closest of any two points lying on opposite branches of the hyperbola, and they lie on the principal axis. On a parabola, the sole vertex lies on the axis of symmetry. On an ellipse, two of the four vertices lie on the major axis and two lie on the minor axis. References unreferenced date Nov ... more details
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