- 1620s in archaeology
Year nav topic4 1620 archaeology science The decade of the 1620s in archaeology involved some significant events. Explorations Excavations Finds Other events Births 1620 15 February Fran ois Charpentier died 1702 1626 John Aubrey died 1697 Deaths 1629 Antonio Bosio born 1575 1576 s start succession box title Archaeology timeline years 1620s before 1610s in archaeology after 1630s in archaeology s end Category Decades in archaeology Category 1620s in science Archaeology no Arkeologi ret 1620 ... more details
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- History of archaeology
The history of archaeology has been one of increasing professionalism, and the use of an increasing range ... collection era See also Antiquarian , Song Dynasty Archaeology Song Dynasty Archaeology , List of Chinese inventions A List of Chinese inventions A , Sociology in medieval Islam Archaeology Sociology in medieval Islam Archaeology The exact origins of archaeology as a discipline are uncertain. Excavations ... of years. Tentative steps towards archaeology as a science took place during the Age of Enlightenment ... od historyofarchaeology a history series.htm The History of the Science of Archaeology ref Sociology in medieval Islam Archaeology Archaeology in the Middle East began with the study of the ancient ... an interest in learning about pre Islamic cultures. In particular, they most often concentrated on the archaeology ... to archaeology, fusing that subject with his work in optics, metallurgy, music, and geometry. Yet there were ... which pioneered ideas in early epigraphy and archaeology. Flavio Biondo an Renaissance humanism Italian ... of ancient Rome in the early 15th century for which he has been called an early founder of archaeology ... father of archaeology , but he was called by his contemporaries the father of antiquity . It was only ... began to be carried out in a manner recognisable to modern students of archaeology. This work was built ... archaeology, Johann Joachim Winckelmann . ref Daniel J. Boorstin , The Discoverers , p. 584, Random House New York, 1983 ref Winckelmann was a founder of scientific archaeology by first applying empirical ..., excavation tended to be haphazard the importance of concepts such as Stratification archaeology stratification .... Britain was one of the first countries to develop a systematic approach to archaeology and to recognise ... earned him the nickname from some of the father of archaeology , they were primitive by today s standards. He did not simply dig down into the mound in the hope of finding something he cut a wedge ... Hamadani of Yemen d. 945 made an early attempt in his encyclopaedic work Al Iklil for the archaeology ... more details
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- Spit (archaeology)
Archaeological field survey Archaeological plan Archaeological section Cut archaeology Excavation archaeology Excavation Feature archaeology Fill archaeology Harris matrix Relationship archaeology ...In the field of archaeology , a spit is a unit of archaeological Excavation archaeology excavation with an arbitrarily assigned measurement of depth and extent. It is a method of excavation employed without regard to the stratification archeology archaeological stratigraphy that may or may not be identifiable at the archaeological site under investigation. The method of excavating in arbitrary spits is most frequently encountered at site excavations which lack any visible or reconstructable stratigraphy in the archaeological context , or when excavating through intrusive or Fill archaeology fill deposits . ref Roskams 2001 112,214 ref Sometimes the term is used to refer to any archaeological unit. Terminology origins Spit is an old English word which archaeologists have adopted continued using it means a spade depth, though archaeologists no longer dig spits in spade depths. American archaeologists use the term arbitrary or artificial level. ref See Hester et al. 1975 . ref Excavational use The excavation of sites in arbitrary levels was a product of archaeologists excavating for interesting things and structures rather than trying to reveal the strata of an archaeological site in the order ... and Heizer s An Introduction to Prehistoric Archaeology , does not overtly condemned spit excavation ... in the context of Mesoamerica n archaeology, and illustrates its problems ref See discussion ... author Hester, T.R. coauthors R.F. Heizer, and J.A. Graham year 1975 title Field Methods in Archaeology ... Heizer year 1973 title An Introduction to Prehistoric Archaeology location New York publisher Holt ... Wheeler, Mortimer authorlink Mortimer Wheeler year 1954 title Archaeology from the Earth location London publisher Oxford University Press Category Methods and principles in archaeology ... more details
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- Cut It Out
Cut It Out or cut it out may refer to Cut It Out , song by American rapper Nelly on his Brass Knuckles album album Cut It Out , song by Israeli singer Daniela Spector , featuring M. Jack Bee in her album Love is Daniela and Ben Spector album Love is Cut It Out , episode of United States television series Full House Cease and desist dab ... more details
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- Princess cut
Unreferenced date September 2008 About a diamond cut the haircut Hime cut File Diamond princess cut.jpg thumb right Princess cut diamond set in a ring The Princess cut is the second most popular diamond cut cut shape for diamond s, next to a round brilliant . Citation needed date April 2010 The face up shape of the princess cut is Square geometry square or rectangular and the profile or side on shape is similar to that of an inverted pyramid with four beveled sides. The princess cut is a relatively new diamond cut, having been created in the 1960s. It has gained in popularity in recent years as a more distinctive alternative to the more popular round Brilliant diamond cut brilliant cut , in which the top of diamond, called the crown, is cut with a round face up shape and the bottom, called the pavilion, is shaped similar to a cone geometry cone . A princess cut with the same width as the diameter ... cut off and rounded to form a round brilliant. The princess cut is sometimes referred to as a square ... is unique and completely different from that of a round brilliant. The Princess cut had its origins in the early French cut, having a step modified Double French or Cross cut crown and a series of unique ... when the stone is viewed directly through the table. Effectively, the Princess cut combines the high degree of light return of a round brilliant cut with a distinctive square or rectangular shape. The square princess cut diamond is usually slightly cheaper than round brilliant cut diamonds of the same ... cut for cut. There is no universal definition of what measurements make an ideal princess cut diamond ... cut . In contrast to the AGSL, AGA, and EGL USA the Gemological Institute of America GIA has stated that there is not enough industry consensus or empirical data to specify cut grading standards for Princess cut diamonds and to do so is at the risk of consumers who may be deceived by diamonds accompanied by unqualified Ideal or Excellent cut grades. The name Princess Cut was originally used ... more details
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- Cut to shape
Cut to shape is a Philately philatelic term referring to a postage stamp or postal stationery Indicia philately indicium printed stamp image that has been cut to the shape of the design, such as an octagon, circle or oval, instead of simply cut into a cut square square or rectangular shape . ref name linns cite web title Glossary Of Philatelic Terms publisher Linn s Stamp News url http www.linns.com reference terms terms.asp?firstletter c accessdate 2008 10 15 ref Stamps cut to shape almost always command a lower price than those cut square , and sometimes have little or no value, especially envelope stamps cut to shape. Although many stamps unfortunately have been cut to shape by stamp collectors, some early stamps were produced without perforations and were often cut to shape by people before they affixed the stamps to their envelopes. This is true, for example, for the octagon shaped 4 Annas stamp of India issued in 1854, which is most commonly found cut to shape on envelopes or pieces. gallery Image Four annas H3 F2 smaller.jpg India 1854, cut square Image Inverted Head Four Annas.jpg Inverted Head 4 Annas India 1854 inverted head , cut to shape gallery All of the surviving examples of the India 1854 inverted head are postally used. Only two or three are known cut square another 24 or so are cut to shape that is, in an octagonal shape . One from the collection of the Earl of Crawford was exhibited in the World Philatelic Exhibition in Washington in 2006. ref http web.archive.org web 20060207055505 http www.washington 2006.org wrarities.htm indiaqueen India s 1854 Blue and Pale Red Inverted Head ref The world s most famous stamp the unique 1856 British Guiana 1c magenta is cut into an octagonal shape. Consequently, it has been referred to as being cut to shape, ref name linns although technically that term is incorrect as the stamp design is rectangular in shape. References Reflist See also Cut out philately Cut out Category Philatelic terminology Category Postal ... more details
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- Urban archaeology
which features cut others and using information from dateable Artifact archaeology artefact ...Urban archaeology is a sub discipline of archaeology specialising in the material past of town s and cities where long term human habitation has often left a rich record of the past. Humans produce waste. Large concentrations of humans produce large concentrations of waste. Faeces , kitchen waste, broken objects etc. all need to be disposed of. Small numbers of people can dispose of their waste locally without encouraging vermin or endangering their health. Once people began to live together in large numbers, around five thousand years ago, such methods began to become impractical. Material would be brought into the these new settlements but would rarely be taken out again. Up until the nineteenth century when organised rubbish disposal became widespread in urban areas people invariably threw their waste from their windows or buried it in their gardens. If their houses fell down, a common ... raised up from its original height on a plateau of archaeology. This is most apparent in the tell ..., magnifying the effect. Historic development Archaeological Excavation archaeology excavation within ... abandoned. Open area excavation was feasible as there was plenty of space and the archaeology could ... to the size of the open plot and one layer of archaeology needs to be excavated before the next one ... significant layer of archaeology and features excavated and recorded as normal but also planned as single contexts. The site is then reduced to the next layer of archaeology and the process ... context recording Harris matrix Excavation archaeology Excavation External links http www.sonoma.edu asc cypress finalreport index.htm Historical Archaeology of Oakland, California http www.molas.org.uk Museum of London Archaeology Service MoLAS Category Archaeological sub disciplines Category Methods and principles in archaeology de Stadtarch ologie it Archeologia urbana ka ... more details
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- 1843 in archaeology
Year nav topic4 1843 archaeology science 1843 in archaeology Explorations Empty section date July 2010 Excavations Paul mile Botta begins excavations at Khorsabad . Amateur excavations of Jordan Hill Roman Temple , Dorset . Publications Incidents of Travel in Yucatan by John Lloyd Stephens with illustrations by Frederick Catherwood The History of the Conquest of Mexico by William H. Prescott Events September The Alexander Mosaic is moved from Pompeii to Naples British Archaeological Association founded Births Empty section date July 2010 Deaths June 4 Ippolito Rosellini b. 1800 in archaeology 1843 , Tuscany Tuscan Egyptologist See also List of years in archaeology 1842 in archaeology 1844 in archaeology Category 1843 Archaeology Category Years in archaeology Category 1840s in science Archaeology Category 1843 in science Archaeology no Arkeologi ret 1843 ... more details
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- Cross cut
Cross cut , cross cut or cross cutting may refer to Cross cutting , a film editing technique Cross cutting concern , a concept in aspect oriented software development Cross cutting cleavage , a political term A cut made by a Crosscut saw See also Crosscut disambig ... more details
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- Box cut
Unreferenced date December 2009 A box cut is a small open pit open cut created to provide a secure and safe portal as access to a decline to an underground mining mine . Generally the box cut is sunk until sufficiently unweathered rock is found to permit the development of the decline. The portal is generally made safe with rock bolt s, wire mesh, and shotcrete , which prevents accidental rock falls from closing access to the decline. See also Underground mining hard rock . DEFAULTSORT Box Cut Category Underground mining ... more details
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- 1889 in archaeology
Year nav topic4 1889 archaeology science The year 1889 in archaeology involved some significant events. Explorations Excavations Early excavations at Lindholm H je . Finds Empty section date July 2010 Publications Empty section date July 2010 Births Axel Bo thius Rhys Carpenter Alexander Keiller Deaths Category 1889 Archaeology Category Years in archaeology Category 1880s in science Archaeology Category 1889 in science Archaeology no Arkeologi ret 1889 ... more details
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- 1806 in archaeology
Year nav topic4 1806 archaeology science The year 1806 in archaeology involved some significant events. Explorations Excavations Finds Publications Saggio delle lingue Italia by Luigi Lanzi Dei vasi antichi dipinti volgarmente chiamati Etruschi by Luigi Lanzi Births Deaths Category 1806 Archaeology Category Years in archaeology Category 1800s in science Archaeology Category 1806 in science Archaeology no Arkeologi ret 1806 ... more details
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- 1807 in archaeology
Year nav topic4 1807 archaeology science The year 1807 in archaeology involved some significant events. Explorations Archaeological excavation Excavations Archaeological find Finds Empty section date July 2010 Publications Empty section date July 2010 Births Deaths Category 1807 Archaeology Category Years in archaeology Category 1800s in science Archaeology Category 1807 in science Archaeology no Arkeologi ret 1807 ... more details
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- Asymmetric cut
Unreferenced date December 2009 An asymmetric cut is a haircut in which the hair is cut in such a way that the hair does not have left right symmetry and one side is cut or appears to be longer than the other. Talk show host Rosie O Donnell famously adopted a short and somewhat severe version of the asymmetric cut in 2002 after she came out of the closet . Other celebrities who have sported asymmetric hairstyles include singers Cyndi Lauper , Jordan McCoy and Phil Oakey and Davey Havok of AFI band AFI . Reality television star Kate Gosselin became well known for her asymmetrical cut, which she has since changed. See also Asymmetric clothing Human hair footer DEFAULTSORT Asymmetric Cut Category Hairstyles ... more details
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- Cut (cards)
other than the one who performed the shuffle for a procedure called a cut . Procedure The dealer ... is closest to the dealer. The simplest form of the cut is done by taking, roughly, the top one half of the cards, and placing them on the table or a cut card. Either the player cutting or the dealer then completes the cut by placing the remaining bottom portion on top of the cards that have been cut off. Once the cut is complete, the dealer then picks up the deck, straightens or squares it, then deals ... Cut cards Scarne s cut Scarne s cut , though in some settings this is considered poor etiquette or against the rules. A cut involving a very small number of cards, such as taking only the top card as a cut, is often acceptable. Citation needed date October 2010 The same is true when a player takes every top card save for one on the cut. Citation needed date October 2010 During informal card game s, the dealer is typically not required to offer the cut, and even if offered, the designated player can decline the request. On the other hand, any player may specifically request to cut the cards before they are dealt. If a cut is requested by a player, it must be granted by the dealer. In formal player dealt settings, such as in a casino or during a tournament, an offer to cut the deck is mandatory and the designated player must perform the cut, generally by inserting a cut card a plastic ... the actual cut at that point in the deck. When the dealer is not a player i.e. a casino employee , the cut is mandatory and is usually performed by the dealer. In this instance, the deck is cut onto the aforementioned cut card, and the cut completed this prevents players from seeing the bottom card of the deck. A cut should always be completed with one hand to limit possibility of a False cut false cut . Scarne s cut Scarne s cut was developed by John Scarne during WWII to help protect servicemen ... and places it back on top of the deck one then perform a regular cut described earlier. Reasons ... more details
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- 1857 in archaeology
Year nav topic4 1857 archaeology science 1857 in archaeology Explorations Empty section date July 2010 Excavations Empty section date July 2010 Finds First artifacts of La T ne culture at La T ne, Neuch tel La T ne , Switzerland Battersea Shield in the River Thames Publications William Wilde begins publication of a classified catalogue of the museum of the Royal Irish Academy . Births 27 July E. A. Wallis Budge , Egyptologist Deaths 6th May John Disney , barrister and archaeologist See also list of years in archaeology 1856 in archaeology 1858 in archaeology Category 1857 Archaeology Category Years in archaeology Category 1850s in science Archaeology Category 1857 in science Archaeology no Arkeologi ret 1857 ... more details
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- 1846 in archaeology
Year nav topic4 1846 archaeology science 1846 in archaeology Explorations Johann Georg Ramsauer discovers a large Prehistory prehistoric cemetery near Hallstatt . Ephraim Squier and Edwin Hamilton Davis Edwin Davis find and describe Serpent Mound . Excavations Empty section date July 2010 Publications John Disney publishes first edition of Museum Disneianum Journal of the British Archaeological Association first published Events The Smithsonian Institution is founded in Washington, D.C. The Cambrian Archaeological Association is founded in Wales by Harry Longueville Jones and John Williams Ab Ithel and launches its journal Archaeologia Cambrensis See also List of years in archaeology 1845 in archaeology 1847 in archaeology Category 1846 Archaeology Category Years in archaeology Category 1840s in science Archaeology Category 1846 in science Archaeology no Arkeologi ret 1846 ... more details
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- 1834 in archaeology
Year nav topic4 1834 archaeology science The year 1834 in archaeology Examinations Juan Galindo explores the Maya civilization Maya ruins of Copan Excavations Excavations made at Mero by Giuseppe Ferlini Publications Empty section date July 2010 Finds Empty section date July 2010 Awards Empty section date July 2010 Miscellaneous John Clayton town clerk John Clayton begins to safeguard Hadrian s Wall . Births April 30 John Lubbock , prehistorian Deaths Empty section date July 2010 See also list of years in archaeology 1833 in archaeology 1835 in archaeology Category 1834 Archaeology Category Years in archaeology Category 1830s in science Archaeology Category 1834 in science Archaeology no Arkeologi ret 1834 ... more details
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- 1839 in archaeology
Year nav topic4 1839 archaeology science 1839 in archaeology Image CopanNSouthCatherwood.jpg thumb 180px right Stela at Copan as drawn by Catherwood Excavations England English archeologist Austen Henry Layard A. H. Layard begins excavations of Nineveh . Explorations John Lloyd Stephens and Frederick Catherwood explore the Maya civilization Maya ruins of Copan Publications Empty section date July 2010 Births Carl Humann , archaeologist Deaths Juan Galindo , explorer See also List of years in archaeology 1838 in archaeology 1840 in archaeology Category 1839 Archaeology Category Years in archaeology Category 1830s in science Archaeology Category 1839 in science Archaeology no Arkeologi ret 1839 ... more details
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- 1854 in archaeology
Year nav topic4 1854 archaeology science 1854 in archaeology Explorations Dr. Karl Scherzer examines and writes description of Quirigu . Thomas Wright antiquarian Thomas Wright investigates Kit s Coty House . Excavations Empty section date July 2010 Publications Empty section date July 2010 Finds List of hoards in Ireland Roman hoards Coleraine Hoard . Awards Empty section date July 2010 Miscellaneous Empty section date July 2010 Births Empty section date July 2010 Deaths Frederick Catherwood See also List of years in archaeology 1853 in archaeology 1855 in archaeology Category 1854 Archaeology Category Years in archaeology Category 1850s in science Archaeology Category 1854 in science Archaeology no Arkeologi ret 1854 ... more details
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- 1847 in archaeology
Year nav topic4 1847 archaeology science 1847 in archaeology Explorations Austen Henry Layard begins his examination of Nineveh Excavations Empty section date July 2010 Publications Antiquit s Celtiques et Ant diluviennes by Jacques Boucher de Cr vec ur de Perthes . The History of the Conquest of Peru by William H. Prescott . Births Empty section date July 2010 Deaths Empty section date July 2010 See also List of years in archaeology 1846 in archaeology 1848 in archaeology Category 1847 Archaeology Category Years in archaeology Category 1840s in science Archaeology Category 1847 in science Archaeology no Arkeologi ret 1847 ... more details
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- 1850 in archaeology
Year nav topic4 1850 archaeology science 1850 in archaeology Explorations Empty section date July 2010 Excavations First excavations at Uruk by William Kennett Loftus continues to 1854 . Finds Skara Brae revealed by weather Publications Empty section date July 2010 Births Alfred Maudslay , explorer, archaeologist and writer of accounts of the ruins of the Maya civilization Grigore Tocilescu , Romanians Romanian historian, archaeologist, epigrapher and folkorist , author of many books on ancient Dacia Deaths Empty section date July 2010 See also List of years in archaeology 1849 in archaeology 1851 in archaeology Category 1850 Archaeology Category Years in archaeology Category 1850s in science Archaeology Category 1850 in science Archaeology no Arkeologi ret 1850 ... more details
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- 1853 in archaeology
Year nav topic4 1853 archaeology science 1853 in archaeology Explorations Sir Alexander Cunningham examines and describes the ruins in Harrappa Excavations Empty section date July 2010 Publications Empty section date July 2010 Finds Empty section date July 2010 Awards Empty section date July 2010 Miscellaneous Empty section date July 2010 Births 3 June William Matthew Flinders Petrie , Egyptologist Wilhelm D rpfeld , archaeologist of Troy Deaths Empty section date July 2010 See also List of years in archaeology 1852 in archaeology 1854 in archaeology Category 1853 Archaeology Category Years in archaeology Category 1850s in science Archaeology Category 1853 in science Archaeology no Arkeologi ret 1853 ... more details
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- 1833 in archaeology
Year nav topic4 1833 archaeology science 1833 in archaeology Explorations Empty section date July 2010 Excavations Empty section date July 2010 Publications Juan Galindo publishes first mention of Maya civilization Maya site of Yaxchilan Finds Mold cape discovered in Wales . Awards Empty section date July 2010 Miscellaneous Empty section date July 2010 Births Empty section date July 2010 Deaths Empty section date July 2010 See also List of years in archaeology 1832 in archaeology 1834 in archaeology Category 1833 Archaeology Category Years in archaeology Category 1830s in science Archaeology Category 1833 in science Archaeology no Arkeologi ret 1833 ... more details
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- 1842 in archaeology
Year nav topic4 1842 archaeology science 1842 in archaeology Explorations Site of Masada discovered. Karl Richard Lepsius begins an expedition to Egypt and the Sudan commissioned by King Frederick William IV of Prussia . Excavations Empty section date July 2010 Finds Empty section date July 2010 Publications Karl Richard Lepsius Karl Lepsius produces the first modern Lepsius list of pyramids list of pyramids . Births 12 January Teoberto Maler , Mayanist Deaths Empty section date July 2010 See also List of years in archaeology 1841 in archaeology 1843 in archaeology Category 1842 Archaeology Category Years in archaeology Category 1840s in science Archaeology Category 1842 in science Archaeology no Arkeologi ret 1842 ... more details
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